Vali Rasooli Sharabiani, Ali Khorramifar, H. Karami, Jesús Lozano, S. Tabor, Yousef Darvishi, M. Gancarz
. In order to accurately determine and evaluate the odour of rice, it is necessary to identify the substances that affect that odour and to develop methods to determine their amounts. For more than three decades, researchers have been studying the factors that produce and influence the aroma of rice. An electronic nose can be used to detect the volatile compounds of rice, while an olfactory machine is capable of classifying and detecting the variety, origin, and storage time of rice with a high degree of effi - ciency. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of electronic noses and other chemometric methods such as principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and the Artificial Neural Network as a cost-effective, rapid, and non-destructive method for the detection of pure and adulterated rice varieties. Therefore, an electronic nose equipped with nine metal oxide semiconductor sensors with low power consumption was used. The results showed that the amount of variance accounted for by PC1 and PC4 was 98% for the samples used. Also, the classifi - cation accuracy of the linear discriminant analysis and Artificial Neural Network methods were 100%, respectively. The Support Vector Machines method (including Nu-SVM and C-SVM) was also used, which, in all its functions except the polynomial function, produced 100% accuracy in terms of training and validation.
{"title":"Non-destructive test to detect adulteration of rice using gas sensors coupled with chemometrics methods","authors":"Vali Rasooli Sharabiani, Ali Khorramifar, H. Karami, Jesús Lozano, S. Tabor, Yousef Darvishi, M. Gancarz","doi":"10.31545/intagr/166009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/166009","url":null,"abstract":". In order to accurately determine and evaluate the odour of rice, it is necessary to identify the substances that affect that odour and to develop methods to determine their amounts. For more than three decades, researchers have been studying the factors that produce and influence the aroma of rice. An electronic nose can be used to detect the volatile compounds of rice, while an olfactory machine is capable of classifying and detecting the variety, origin, and storage time of rice with a high degree of effi - ciency. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of electronic noses and other chemometric methods such as principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and the Artificial Neural Network as a cost-effective, rapid, and non-destructive method for the detection of pure and adulterated rice varieties. Therefore, an electronic nose equipped with nine metal oxide semiconductor sensors with low power consumption was used. The results showed that the amount of variance accounted for by PC1 and PC4 was 98% for the samples used. Also, the classifi - cation accuracy of the linear discriminant analysis and Artificial Neural Network methods were 100%, respectively. The Support Vector Machines method (including Nu-SVM and C-SVM) was also used, which, in all its functions except the polynomial function, produced 100% accuracy in terms of training and validation.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44187366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Hao, Zhang Tong, Yang Wei Li, Xiang Huan, Liu Xiao Li, Zhang Qi, Liu Lei, Y. You, Liu Ya Jie, Guo Shi Ping, Zeng Shu Hua
. The moisture content of cigar leaves during drying is an important indicator for controlling the management of drying rooms. At present, the determination of cigar leaf moisture content is mainly dependent on traditional destructive detection methods, which are inefficient and damaging to plants. In this study, a Convolution Neural Network method consisting of digital images for monitoring the moisture content of cigar leaves during the drying process was proposed. In this study, the Convolution Neural Network model was trained to learn the relationship between the images and the corresponding moisture content using the extracted colour, shape, and texture features as input factors. In order to compare the Convolution Neural Network estimation results, a widely used traditional machine learning algorithm was applied. The results demonstrated that the estimated value of Convolution Neural Network agreed with the predicted value; the R 2 was 0.9044, and the average accuracy was 87.34%. These results were better than those produced by traditional machine learning methods. The generalization test of the proposed method was conducted using varieties of cigar leaves in other drying rooms. The results showed that Convolution Neural Network is a viable method for an accurate estimation of the moisture content, the R 2 was 0.8673 and the average accuracy was 86.81%. The Convolution Neural Network established by the features extracted from digital images could accurately estimate the moisture content of cigar leaves during drying and was therefore shown to be an effective monitoring tool.
{"title":"Moisture content monitoring of cigar leaves during drying based on a Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"Yang Hao, Zhang Tong, Yang Wei Li, Xiang Huan, Liu Xiao Li, Zhang Qi, Liu Lei, Y. You, Liu Ya Jie, Guo Shi Ping, Zeng Shu Hua","doi":"10.31545/intagr/165775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/165775","url":null,"abstract":". The moisture content of cigar leaves during drying is an important indicator for controlling the management of drying rooms. At present, the determination of cigar leaf moisture content is mainly dependent on traditional destructive detection methods, which are inefficient and damaging to plants. In this study, a Convolution Neural Network method consisting of digital images for monitoring the moisture content of cigar leaves during the drying process was proposed. In this study, the Convolution Neural Network model was trained to learn the relationship between the images and the corresponding moisture content using the extracted colour, shape, and texture features as input factors. In order to compare the Convolution Neural Network estimation results, a widely used traditional machine learning algorithm was applied. The results demonstrated that the estimated value of Convolution Neural Network agreed with the predicted value; the R 2 was 0.9044, and the average accuracy was 87.34%. These results were better than those produced by traditional machine learning methods. The generalization test of the proposed method was conducted using varieties of cigar leaves in other drying rooms. The results showed that Convolution Neural Network is a viable method for an accurate estimation of the moisture content, the R 2 was 0.8673 and the average accuracy was 86.81%. The Convolution Neural Network established by the features extracted from digital images could accurately estimate the moisture content of cigar leaves during drying and was therefore shown to be an effective monitoring tool.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43970333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. An understanding of the kinetics of water vapour sorption allows for the prediction of the stability of food in the management of transport and storage processes, it also facilitates the optimization of drying processes, and the rationalization of the methods of studying sorption statics. The present study aimed to determine an appropriate model of the kinetics of water vapour sorption on the surface of maize starch particles, which could prove useful in describing kinetic curves as well as allowing for the determination of the time required to reach a state of equilibrium. Experimental data was obtained through the continuous measurement of the increase in sample mass. The model was developed by matching the simulation results to the experimental results. Its parameters were identified by minimizing the mean square error between the time courses of the simulation and the experimental results, which allowed for the avoidance of problems concerning data processing and the loss of information. Two methods were deployed in order to minimize the occurrence of error: multi-start and gradient ones. The proposed model provided an appropriate description of the kinetics of water vapour adsorption by maize starch, regardless of the mass of the samples used and the physical state of their particles. The time required for a state of equilibrium to be attained was significantly shorter than the usually assumed period of 30 days.
{"title":"Differential model of the kinetics of water vapour adsorption on maize starch particles","authors":"A. Ocieczek, R. Kostek, H. Toczek","doi":"10.31545/intagr/163569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/163569","url":null,"abstract":". An understanding of the kinetics of water vapour sorption allows for the prediction of the stability of food in the management of transport and storage processes, it also facilitates the optimization of drying processes, and the rationalization of the methods of studying sorption statics. The present study aimed to determine an appropriate model of the kinetics of water vapour sorption on the surface of maize starch particles, which could prove useful in describing kinetic curves as well as allowing for the determination of the time required to reach a state of equilibrium. Experimental data was obtained through the continuous measurement of the increase in sample mass. The model was developed by matching the simulation results to the experimental results. Its parameters were identified by minimizing the mean square error between the time courses of the simulation and the experimental results, which allowed for the avoidance of problems concerning data processing and the loss of information. Two methods were deployed in order to minimize the occurrence of error: multi-start and gradient ones. The proposed model provided an appropriate description of the kinetics of water vapour adsorption by maize starch, regardless of the mass of the samples used and the physical state of their particles. The time required for a state of equilibrium to be attained was significantly shorter than the usually assumed period of 30 days.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43883948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel I. Haruna, Zoey A. Ward, Ashlen L. Cartwright, Avie A. Wunner
. The influence of a single species cover crop on soil hydraulic properties during one growing season are well known. However, the influence of multi-year and multi-species cover crops on soil physical and hydraulic properties are not yet fully understood. The current study was set up using a completely randomized block design during 2021 and 2022, it investigated the effects of a multi-species cover crop (winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.), triticale ( Triticale hexaploide Lart), hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa ), oats ( Avena sativa ), and cereal rye ( Secale cereale L.)) on bulk density, soil organic carbon, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pore-size distribution, and volumetric water content at 0, -0.4, -1, -2.5, -5, -10, -20, -33, -100, and -1 500 kPa soil water pressures. The soil samples were collected in 10 cm increments from the soil surface down to 30 cm. After 2 years, the results showed that cover crop reduced bulk density by 17% as compared with no cover crop management. Further, the cover crop-induced increases in soil organic carbon as well as in macro- and mesoporosity led to 23, 25, and 28% increases in volumetric water content at 0, -33, and -100 kPa soil water pressures respectively, relative to no cover crop management. When comparing the two years of the study, under cover crop management alone, saturated hydraulic conductivity was higher in 2021 as compared to 2022, which suggests that cover crop-induced improvements in some hydraulic properties may not be proportional over time. In general, cover crops improved the measured soil hydraulic properties after 2 years and this has the potential to be beneficial for improving soil water storage.
{"title":"Influence of no-till cover crops on the physical and hydraulic properties\u0000of a Paleudult","authors":"Samuel I. Haruna, Zoey A. Ward, Ashlen L. Cartwright, Avie A. Wunner","doi":"10.31545/intagr/162799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/162799","url":null,"abstract":". The influence of a single species cover crop on soil hydraulic properties during one growing season are well known. However, the influence of multi-year and multi-species cover crops on soil physical and hydraulic properties are not yet fully understood. The current study was set up using a completely randomized block design during 2021 and 2022, it investigated the effects of a multi-species cover crop (winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.), triticale ( Triticale hexaploide Lart), hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa ), oats ( Avena sativa ), and cereal rye ( Secale cereale L.)) on bulk density, soil organic carbon, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pore-size distribution, and volumetric water content at 0, -0.4, -1, -2.5, -5, -10, -20, -33, -100, and -1 500 kPa soil water pressures. The soil samples were collected in 10 cm increments from the soil surface down to 30 cm. After 2 years, the results showed that cover crop reduced bulk density by 17% as compared with no cover crop management. Further, the cover crop-induced increases in soil organic carbon as well as in macro- and mesoporosity led to 23, 25, and 28% increases in volumetric water content at 0, -33, and -100 kPa soil water pressures respectively, relative to no cover crop management. When comparing the two years of the study, under cover crop management alone, saturated hydraulic conductivity was higher in 2021 as compared to 2022, which suggests that cover crop-induced improvements in some hydraulic properties may not be proportional over time. In general, cover crops improved the measured soil hydraulic properties after 2 years and this has the potential to be beneficial for improving soil water storage.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49329130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}