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Non-destructive test to detect adulteration of rice using gas sensors coupled with chemometrics methods 气体传感器与化学计量学相结合的大米掺假无损检测
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.31545/intagr/166009
Vali Rasooli Sharabiani, Ali Khorramifar, H. Karami, Jesús Lozano, S. Tabor, Yousef Darvishi, M. Gancarz
. In order to accurately determine and evaluate the odour of rice, it is necessary to identify the substances that affect that odour and to develop methods to determine their amounts. For more than three decades, researchers have been studying the factors that produce and influence the aroma of rice. An electronic nose can be used to detect the volatile compounds of rice, while an olfactory machine is capable of classifying and detecting the variety, origin, and storage time of rice with a high degree of effi - ciency. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of electronic noses and other chemometric methods such as principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and the Artificial Neural Network as a cost-effective, rapid, and non-destructive method for the detection of pure and adulterated rice varieties. Therefore, an electronic nose equipped with nine metal oxide semiconductor sensors with low power consumption was used. The results showed that the amount of variance accounted for by PC1 and PC4 was 98% for the samples used. Also, the classifi - cation accuracy of the linear discriminant analysis and Artificial Neural Network methods were 100%, respectively. The Support Vector Machines method (including Nu-SVM and C-SVM) was also used, which, in all its functions except the polynomial function, produced 100% accuracy in terms of training and validation.
为了准确地确定和评估大米的气味,有必要确定影响气味的物质,并制定确定其数量的方法。三十多年来,研究人员一直在研究产生和影响大米香气的因素。电子鼻可以用来检测大米的挥发性化合物,而嗅觉机器能够高效地对大米的品种、产地和储存时间进行分类和检测。本研究旨在研究电子鼻和其他化学计量方法(如主成分分析、线性判别分析和人工神经网络)作为一种经济高效、快速、无损的检测纯大米和掺假大米品种的方法的有效性。因此,使用了配备有九个低功耗金属氧化物半导体传感器的电子鼻。结果表明,PC1和PC4对所用样本的方差为98%。此外,线性判别分析和人工神经网络方法的分类准确率分别为100%。还使用了支持向量机方法(包括Nu-SVM和C-SVM),该方法在除多项式函数外的所有函数中,在训练和验证方面都产生了100%的准确性。
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引用次数: 1
Moisture content monitoring of cigar leaves during drying based on a Convolutional Neural Network 基于卷积神经网络的雪茄干燥过程水分监测
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-06-24 DOI: 10.31545/intagr/165775
Yang Hao, Zhang Tong, Yang Wei Li, Xiang Huan, Liu Xiao Li, Zhang Qi, Liu Lei, Y. You, Liu Ya Jie, Guo Shi Ping, Zeng Shu Hua
. The moisture content of cigar leaves during drying is an important indicator for controlling the management of drying rooms. At present, the determination of cigar leaf moisture content is mainly dependent on traditional destructive detection methods, which are inefficient and damaging to plants. In this study, a Convolution Neural Network method consisting of digital images for monitoring the moisture content of cigar leaves during the drying process was proposed. In this study, the Convolution Neural Network model was trained to learn the relationship between the images and the corresponding moisture content using the extracted colour, shape, and texture features as input factors. In order to compare the Convolution Neural Network estimation results, a widely used traditional machine learning algorithm was applied. The results demonstrated that the estimated value of Convolution Neural Network agreed with the predicted value; the R 2 was 0.9044, and the average accuracy was 87.34%. These results were better than those produced by traditional machine learning methods. The generalization test of the proposed method was conducted using varieties of cigar leaves in other drying rooms. The results showed that Convolution Neural Network is a viable method for an accurate estimation of the moisture content, the R 2 was 0.8673 and the average accuracy was 86.81%. The Convolution Neural Network established by the features extracted from digital images could accurately estimate the moisture content of cigar leaves during drying and was therefore shown to be an effective monitoring tool.
。干燥过程中雪茄叶的含水量是控制干燥室管理的重要指标。目前,雪茄叶水分含量的测定主要依赖于传统的破坏性检测方法,效率低,对植物有害。在本研究中,提出了一种由数字图像组成的卷积神经网络方法,用于监测雪茄叶在干燥过程中的水分含量。在这项研究中,使用提取的颜色、形状和纹理特征作为输入因素,训练卷积神经网络模型来学习图像与相应水分含量之间的关系。为了比较卷积神经网络的估计结果,应用了一种广泛使用的传统机器学习算法。结果表明,卷积神经网络的估计值与预测值一致;R2为0.9044,平均准确率为87.34%。这些结果优于传统的机器学习方法。在其他干燥室对不同品种的雪茄叶进行了推广试验。结果表明,卷积神经网络是一种准确估计水分含量的可行方法,R2为0.8673,平均准确率为86.81%。利用从数字图像中提取的特征建立的卷积神经网络可以准确地估计雪茄叶在干燥过程中的水分含量,是一种有效的监测工具。
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引用次数: 0
Differential model of the kinetics of water vapour adsorption on maize starch particles 玉米淀粉颗粒对水蒸气吸附动力学的微分模型
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.31545/intagr/163569
A. Ocieczek, R. Kostek, H. Toczek
. An understanding of the kinetics of water vapour sorption allows for the prediction of the stability of food in the management of transport and storage processes, it also facilitates the optimization of drying processes, and the rationalization of the methods of studying sorption statics. The present study aimed to determine an appropriate model of the kinetics of water vapour sorption on the surface of maize starch particles, which could prove useful in describing kinetic curves as well as allowing for the determination of the time required to reach a state of equilibrium. Experimental data was obtained through the continuous measurement of the increase in sample mass. The model was developed by matching the simulation results to the experimental results. Its parameters were identified by minimizing the mean square error between the time courses of the simulation and the experimental results, which allowed for the avoidance of problems concerning data processing and the loss of information. Two methods were deployed in order to minimize the occurrence of error: multi-start and gradient ones. The proposed model provided an appropriate description of the kinetics of water vapour adsorption by maize starch, regardless of the mass of the samples used and the physical state of their particles. The time required for a state of equilibrium to be attained was significantly shorter than the usually assumed period of 30 days.
. 对水蒸气吸附动力学的理解可以在运输和储存过程的管理中预测食品的稳定性,也有助于干燥过程的优化,以及研究吸附静力学的方法的合理化。本研究旨在确定玉米淀粉颗粒表面水蒸气吸附动力学的适当模型,该模型可用于描述动力学曲线,并允许确定达到平衡状态所需的时间。实验数据是通过连续测量样品质量的增加而得到的。将仿真结果与实验结果进行匹配,建立了模型。通过最小化模拟时间过程与实验结果之间的均方误差来确定其参数,从而避免了有关数据处理和信息丢失的问题。为了减少误差的发生,采用了两种方法:多起点法和梯度法。所提出的模型提供了玉米淀粉对水蒸气吸附动力学的适当描述,而不考虑所用样品的质量及其颗粒的物理状态。达到平衡状态所需的时间比通常假定的30天要短得多。
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引用次数: 0
Study of the pore structure characteristics of soybean grain piles using image processing technology 利用图像处理技术研究大豆籽粒桩的孔隙结构特征
4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.31545/intagr/162959
Mengmeng Ge, Guixiang Chen, Chaosai Liu, Deqian Zheng, Wenlei Liu
1. ASAE S352.2 APR1988 (R2017), 2017. Moisture measurement-unground grain and seeds. ASAE: St. Joseph, Mich: USA. Google Scholar
1. Asae s352.2 apr1988 (r2017), 2017。水分测量-未研磨谷物和种子。圣约瑟夫,密歇根州:美国。谷歌学者
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引用次数: 0
Influence of no-till cover crops on the physical and hydraulic propertiesof a Paleudult 免耕覆盖作物对黄土高原物理和水力特性的影响
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.31545/intagr/162799
Samuel I. Haruna, Zoey A. Ward, Ashlen L. Cartwright, Avie A. Wunner
. The influence of a single species cover crop on soil hydraulic properties during one growing season are well known. However, the influence of multi-year and multi-species cover crops on soil physical and hydraulic properties are not yet fully understood. The current study was set up using a completely randomized block design during 2021 and 2022, it investigated the effects of a multi-species cover crop (winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.), triticale ( Triticale hexaploide Lart), hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa ), oats ( Avena sativa ), and cereal rye ( Secale cereale L.)) on bulk density, soil organic carbon, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pore-size distribution, and volumetric water content at 0, -0.4, -1, -2.5, -5, -10, -20, -33, -100, and -1 500 kPa soil water pressures. The soil samples were collected in 10 cm increments from the soil surface down to 30 cm. After 2 years, the results showed that cover crop reduced bulk density by 17% as compared with no cover crop management. Further, the cover crop-induced increases in soil organic carbon as well as in macro- and mesoporosity led to 23, 25, and 28% increases in volumetric water content at 0, -33, and -100 kPa soil water pressures respectively, relative to no cover crop management. When comparing the two years of the study, under cover crop management alone, saturated hydraulic conductivity was higher in 2021 as compared to 2022, which suggests that cover crop-induced improvements in some hydraulic properties may not be proportional over time. In general, cover crops improved the measured soil hydraulic properties after 2 years and this has the potential to be beneficial for improving soil water storage.
在一个生长季节,单一物种覆盖作物对土壤水力特性的影响是众所周知的。然而,多年和多物种覆盖作物对土壤物理和水力特性的影响尚不完全清楚。目前的研究是在2021年和2022年使用完全随机的块区设计建立的,它研究了多物种覆盖作物(冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)、深红色三叶草(Trifolium incarnatum L.),小黑麦(triticale hexaploide Lart)、毛豌豆(Vicia villosa)、燕麦(Avena sativa)和谷类黑麦(Secale cereale L.))对体积密度的影响,0、-0.4、-1、-2.5、-5、-10、-20、-33、-100和-1 500 kPa土壤水压下的土壤有机碳、饱和导水率、孔径分布和体积含水量。从土壤表面到30厘米,以10厘米为增量采集土壤样本。2年后,结果表明,与无覆盖作物管理相比,覆盖作物降低了17%的体积密度。此外,与无覆盖作物管理相比,覆盖作物引起的土壤有机碳以及宏观和中等孔隙度的增加导致0、-33和-100 kPa土壤水压下的体积含水量分别增加23%、25%和28%。当比较两年的研究时,仅在覆盖作物管理下,2021年的饱和导水率高于2022年,这表明覆盖作物引起的某些水力特性的改善可能与时间不成正比。一般来说,覆盖作物在2年后改善了测量的土壤水力特性,这有可能有利于改善土壤蓄水。
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引用次数: 0
Early detection of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) infection by monitoring root dielectric response non-destructively 无损监测根介电反应早期检测根结线虫感染
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.31545/intagr/162798
Renáta Petrikovszki, I. Cseresnyés, Fanni Bárányos, A. Molnár, G. Boros
. The early recognition of root-knot nematode injury belowground is essential in order to avoid serious crop losses. The measurement efficiency of the root dielectric response for detecting Meloidogyne incognita infection non-destructively was tested in potted cucumber and tomato. The electrical capacitance, dissipation factor and electrical conductance of the root, and also the leaf chlorophyll concentration were measured instru-mentally three times during plant growth, this was followed by an evaluation of the root galling intensity after harvest. The electrical capacitance and conductance increased significantly shortly after Meloidogyne infection, this was likely due to the substan-tially enhanced surface area and electrolyte permeability of the root membranes during giant cell formation. The dissipation factor and electrical conductance (related to hydraulic conductance) markedly decreased at the late stage of nematode infection, this was due to restricted root growth and solute uptake caused by the intrusion of giant cells into the root vascular tissues. No serious aboveground pest symptoms were visible in the plants studied owing to the low inoculum density. The results demonstrated the potential of dielectric measurement for the early detection of root-knot nematode infection without plant damage, before the appearance of obvious disease symptoms. This diagnostic tool has the potential to contribute to the improved selection of Meloidogyne -resistant crop genotypes, as well as more efficient nematode control to mitigate economic losses.
为了避免严重的作物损失,早期认识地下根结线虫的危害至关重要。在盆栽黄瓜和番茄上测试了根介电响应无损检测南方根结线虫感染的测量效率。在植物生长过程中,对根系的电容、耗散因子和电导率以及叶片叶绿素浓度进行了三次测量,然后对收获后的根系擦伤强度进行了评估。根结线虫感染后不久,电容和电导显著增加,这可能是由于在巨细胞形成过程中根膜的表面积和电解质渗透性显著增加。线虫感染后期,耗散因子和电导(与水力电导有关)显著降低,这是由于巨细胞侵入根管组织导致根系生长和溶质吸收受到限制。由于接种密度低,在所研究的植物中没有发现严重的地上害虫症状。结果表明,介电测量有可能在没有植物损伤的情况下,在出现明显疾病症状之前,早期检测根结线虫感染。该诊断工具有可能有助于改进耐根结线虫作物基因型的选择,以及更有效的线虫控制,以减轻经济损失。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of physical properties of sugar beet seeds on the work quality of the seeding mechanism 甜菜种子物理性质对播种机工作质量的影响
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.31545/intagr/162403
P. Findura, U. Malaga-Toboła, D. Kwaśniewski, M. Stasiak, Marek Gugała, A. Sikorska, M. Gancarz
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引用次数: 0
Starter irrigation in sulla as a promising practice to climate change adaptationof Mediterranean rainfed forage systems 苏拉启动灌溉是适应地中海雨养饲草系统气候变化的一种很有前途的做法
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.31545/intagr/162340
G. Campesi, P. Deligios, L. Ledda, F. Madau, G. Piluzza, G. Re, F. Sanna, L. Sulas
:
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引用次数: 1
Effect of β-glucans on water redistribution and gluten structure in a model dough during the mixing process β-葡聚糖对混合过程中模型面团水分再分配和面筋结构的影响
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.31545/intagr/159209
Renata Welc-Stanowska, Sabina Karp, M. Kurek, Antioni Miś, A. Nawrocka
. Farinographic and FT-IR analysis were used to determine water redistributrion and structural changes in the gluten network during dough mixing as a result of model bread dough supplementation with two types of β-glucans. The β-glucans were obtained from barley and beer yeast. Both polysaccharides were added to the dough in the amounts of 3, 6 and 9%. The farinographic studies show that both β-glucans have a similar effect on the course of chemically induced gluten dehydration and mechanical destruction. The application of a water redistribution model shows that barley β-glucan caused higher physical dehydration of the gluten network in comparison with yeast β-glucan. Additionally, both β-glucans did not differ significantly in their chemical reactivity to gluten. This finding was confirmed by the FT-IR results. Both β-glucans caused similar structural changes in the gluten network during dough mixing. An analysis of the spectral region connected with water populations indicates that water molecules form hydrogen bonds with β-glucans rather than with the gluten network during dough mixing.
使用荧光光谱和FT-IR分析来确定在面团混合过程中,由于添加了两种类型的β-葡聚糖的模型面包面团,水的重新分配和面筋网络的结构变化。β-葡聚糖是从大麦和啤酒酵母中提取的。将这两种多糖分别以3%、6%和9%的量添加到面团中。粉质学研究表明,两种β-葡聚糖对化学诱导的面筋脱水和机械破坏过程具有相似的影响。水分再分配模型的应用表明,与酵母β-葡聚糖相比,大麦β-葡聚糖导致面筋网络更高的物理脱水。此外,两种β-葡聚糖对面筋的化学反应性没有显著差异。FT-IR结果证实了这一发现。在面团混合过程中,两种β-葡聚糖导致面筋网络发生类似的结构变化。对与水种群相关的光谱区域的分析表明,在面团混合过程中,水分子与β-葡聚糖形成氢键,而不是与面筋网络形成氢键。
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引用次数: 0
Physical and thermal modification of selected lignocellulosic raw materials 选定木质纤维素原料的物理和热改性
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.31545/intagr/161612
K. Kupryaniuk, T. Oniszczuk, M. Combrzyński, A. Matwijczuk, J. Pulka
. The impact of the modification of the plasticizing system of the TS-45 single-screw extruder (by ZMCh Metalchem, Gliwice, Poland) with L/D = 12 is discussed in the article. The modification involved the reconfiguration of the extruder screw to achieve certain selected physical characteristics of the lignocellulosic raw materials which are not commonly used in biogas facilities. Shredded lignocellulosic raw materials (corn straw, wheat straw, and hay) were moistened to achieve a 25% water content and extruded at three rotational speeds of the extruder screw: 70, 90, and 110 rpm. During extrusion-cooking, the process efficiency and energy intensity were determined. The obtained extrudates were studied in order to establish selected physical properties (water solubility index, water absorption index and bulk density). In addition, the research included an analysis of microscopic images and the efficiency of cumulative methane and biogas production per fresh mass, dry mass, and dry organic mass. In addition, an analysis of the FTIR infrared spectra of the studied extruded samples was performed, these contained lignocellulose structures, and revealed explicit changes at the molecular level. The use of the extrusion technique as a pretreatment of the plant biomass allowed for the lignocellulosic bonds to be broken, which loosened the structure of the material and thus changed its physical properties and biogas efficiency.
本文讨论了L/D=12对TS-45单螺杆挤出机(ZMCh Metalchem,Gliwice,Poland)塑化系统的改性影响。改造涉及挤压机螺杆的重新配置,以实现木质纤维素原料的某些选定物理特性,而这些原料在沼气设施中并不常用。将切碎的木质纤维素原料(玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆和干草)润湿以达到25%的含水量,并在挤出机螺杆的三个转速下挤出:70、90和110rpm。在挤压蒸煮过程中,测定了工艺效率和能量强度。对所获得的挤出物进行研究,以确定所选择的物理性质(水溶性指数、吸水性指数和堆积密度)。此外,该研究还包括对微观图像以及每新鲜质量、干质量和干有机质量的累积甲烷和沼气生产效率的分析。此外,对所研究的挤出样品的FTIR红外光谱进行了分析,这些样品含有木质纤维素结构,并揭示了分子水平上的明显变化。使用挤压技术作为植物生物质的预处理,可以打破木质纤维素的结合,从而疏松材料的结构,从而改变其物理性质和沼气效率。
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引用次数: 0
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International Agrophysics
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