Samuel I. Haruna, Zoey A. Ward, Ashlen L. Cartwright, Avie A. Wunner
. The influence of a single species cover crop on soil hydraulic properties during one growing season are well known. However, the influence of multi-year and multi-species cover crops on soil physical and hydraulic properties are not yet fully understood. The current study was set up using a completely randomized block design during 2021 and 2022, it investigated the effects of a multi-species cover crop (winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.), triticale ( Triticale hexaploide Lart), hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa ), oats ( Avena sativa ), and cereal rye ( Secale cereale L.)) on bulk density, soil organic carbon, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pore-size distribution, and volumetric water content at 0, -0.4, -1, -2.5, -5, -10, -20, -33, -100, and -1 500 kPa soil water pressures. The soil samples were collected in 10 cm increments from the soil surface down to 30 cm. After 2 years, the results showed that cover crop reduced bulk density by 17% as compared with no cover crop management. Further, the cover crop-induced increases in soil organic carbon as well as in macro- and mesoporosity led to 23, 25, and 28% increases in volumetric water content at 0, -33, and -100 kPa soil water pressures respectively, relative to no cover crop management. When comparing the two years of the study, under cover crop management alone, saturated hydraulic conductivity was higher in 2021 as compared to 2022, which suggests that cover crop-induced improvements in some hydraulic properties may not be proportional over time. In general, cover crops improved the measured soil hydraulic properties after 2 years and this has the potential to be beneficial for improving soil water storage.
{"title":"Influence of no-till cover crops on the physical and hydraulic properties\u0000of a Paleudult","authors":"Samuel I. Haruna, Zoey A. Ward, Ashlen L. Cartwright, Avie A. Wunner","doi":"10.31545/intagr/162799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/162799","url":null,"abstract":". The influence of a single species cover crop on soil hydraulic properties during one growing season are well known. However, the influence of multi-year and multi-species cover crops on soil physical and hydraulic properties are not yet fully understood. The current study was set up using a completely randomized block design during 2021 and 2022, it investigated the effects of a multi-species cover crop (winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.), triticale ( Triticale hexaploide Lart), hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa ), oats ( Avena sativa ), and cereal rye ( Secale cereale L.)) on bulk density, soil organic carbon, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pore-size distribution, and volumetric water content at 0, -0.4, -1, -2.5, -5, -10, -20, -33, -100, and -1 500 kPa soil water pressures. The soil samples were collected in 10 cm increments from the soil surface down to 30 cm. After 2 years, the results showed that cover crop reduced bulk density by 17% as compared with no cover crop management. Further, the cover crop-induced increases in soil organic carbon as well as in macro- and mesoporosity led to 23, 25, and 28% increases in volumetric water content at 0, -33, and -100 kPa soil water pressures respectively, relative to no cover crop management. When comparing the two years of the study, under cover crop management alone, saturated hydraulic conductivity was higher in 2021 as compared to 2022, which suggests that cover crop-induced improvements in some hydraulic properties may not be proportional over time. In general, cover crops improved the measured soil hydraulic properties after 2 years and this has the potential to be beneficial for improving soil water storage.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49329130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renáta Petrikovszki, I. Cseresnyés, Fanni Bárányos, A. Molnár, G. Boros
. The early recognition of root-knot nematode injury belowground is essential in order to avoid serious crop losses. The measurement efficiency of the root dielectric response for detecting Meloidogyne incognita infection non-destructively was tested in potted cucumber and tomato. The electrical capacitance, dissipation factor and electrical conductance of the root, and also the leaf chlorophyll concentration were measured instru-mentally three times during plant growth, this was followed by an evaluation of the root galling intensity after harvest. The electrical capacitance and conductance increased significantly shortly after Meloidogyne infection, this was likely due to the substan-tially enhanced surface area and electrolyte permeability of the root membranes during giant cell formation. The dissipation factor and electrical conductance (related to hydraulic conductance) markedly decreased at the late stage of nematode infection, this was due to restricted root growth and solute uptake caused by the intrusion of giant cells into the root vascular tissues. No serious aboveground pest symptoms were visible in the plants studied owing to the low inoculum density. The results demonstrated the potential of dielectric measurement for the early detection of root-knot nematode infection without plant damage, before the appearance of obvious disease symptoms. This diagnostic tool has the potential to contribute to the improved selection of Meloidogyne -resistant crop genotypes, as well as more efficient nematode control to mitigate economic losses.
{"title":"Early detection of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) infection by monitoring root dielectric response non-destructively","authors":"Renáta Petrikovszki, I. Cseresnyés, Fanni Bárányos, A. Molnár, G. Boros","doi":"10.31545/intagr/162798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/162798","url":null,"abstract":". The early recognition of root-knot nematode injury belowground is essential in order to avoid serious crop losses. The measurement efficiency of the root dielectric response for detecting Meloidogyne incognita infection non-destructively was tested in potted cucumber and tomato. The electrical capacitance, dissipation factor and electrical conductance of the root, and also the leaf chlorophyll concentration were measured instru-mentally three times during plant growth, this was followed by an evaluation of the root galling intensity after harvest. The electrical capacitance and conductance increased significantly shortly after Meloidogyne infection, this was likely due to the substan-tially enhanced surface area and electrolyte permeability of the root membranes during giant cell formation. The dissipation factor and electrical conductance (related to hydraulic conductance) markedly decreased at the late stage of nematode infection, this was due to restricted root growth and solute uptake caused by the intrusion of giant cells into the root vascular tissues. No serious aboveground pest symptoms were visible in the plants studied owing to the low inoculum density. The results demonstrated the potential of dielectric measurement for the early detection of root-knot nematode infection without plant damage, before the appearance of obvious disease symptoms. This diagnostic tool has the potential to contribute to the improved selection of Meloidogyne -resistant crop genotypes, as well as more efficient nematode control to mitigate economic losses.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47311054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Findura, U. Malaga-Toboła, D. Kwaśniewski, M. Stasiak, Marek Gugała, A. Sikorska, M. Gancarz
{"title":"Influence of physical properties of sugar beet seeds on the work quality of the seeding mechanism","authors":"P. Findura, U. Malaga-Toboła, D. Kwaśniewski, M. Stasiak, Marek Gugała, A. Sikorska, M. Gancarz","doi":"10.31545/intagr/162403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/162403","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49059643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Campesi, P. Deligios, L. Ledda, F. Madau, G. Piluzza, G. Re, F. Sanna, L. Sulas
:
：
{"title":"Starter irrigation in sulla as a promising practice to climate change adaptation\u0000of Mediterranean rainfed forage systems","authors":"G. Campesi, P. Deligios, L. Ledda, F. Madau, G. Piluzza, G. Re, F. Sanna, L. Sulas","doi":"10.31545/intagr/162340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/162340","url":null,"abstract":":","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46232671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renata Welc-Stanowska, Sabina Karp, M. Kurek, Antioni Miś, A. Nawrocka
. Farinographic and FT-IR analysis were used to determine water redistributrion and structural changes in the gluten network during dough mixing as a result of model bread dough supplementation with two types of β-glucans. The β-glucans were obtained from barley and beer yeast. Both polysaccharides were added to the dough in the amounts of 3, 6 and 9%. The farinographic studies show that both β-glucans have a similar effect on the course of chemically induced gluten dehydration and mechanical destruction. The application of a water redistribution model shows that barley β-glucan caused higher physical dehydration of the gluten network in comparison with yeast β-glucan. Additionally, both β-glucans did not differ significantly in their chemical reactivity to gluten. This finding was confirmed by the FT-IR results. Both β-glucans caused similar structural changes in the gluten network during dough mixing. An analysis of the spectral region connected with water populations indicates that water molecules form hydrogen bonds with β-glucans rather than with the gluten network during dough mixing.
{"title":"Effect of β-glucans on water redistribution and gluten structure in a model dough during the mixing process","authors":"Renata Welc-Stanowska, Sabina Karp, M. Kurek, Antioni Miś, A. Nawrocka","doi":"10.31545/intagr/159209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/159209","url":null,"abstract":". Farinographic and FT-IR analysis were used to determine water redistributrion and structural changes in the gluten network during dough mixing as a result of model bread dough supplementation with two types of β-glucans. The β-glucans were obtained from barley and beer yeast. Both polysaccharides were added to the dough in the amounts of 3, 6 and 9%. The farinographic studies show that both β-glucans have a similar effect on the course of chemically induced gluten dehydration and mechanical destruction. The application of a water redistribution model shows that barley β-glucan caused higher physical dehydration of the gluten network in comparison with yeast β-glucan. Additionally, both β-glucans did not differ significantly in their chemical reactivity to gluten. This finding was confirmed by the FT-IR results. Both β-glucans caused similar structural changes in the gluten network during dough mixing. An analysis of the spectral region connected with water populations indicates that water molecules form hydrogen bonds with β-glucans rather than with the gluten network during dough mixing.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45840533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Kupryaniuk, T. Oniszczuk, M. Combrzyński, A. Matwijczuk, J. Pulka
. The impact of the modification of the plasticizing system of the TS-45 single-screw extruder (by ZMCh Metalchem, Gliwice, Poland) with L/D = 12 is discussed in the article. The modification involved the reconfiguration of the extruder screw to achieve certain selected physical characteristics of the lignocellulosic raw materials which are not commonly used in biogas facilities. Shredded lignocellulosic raw materials (corn straw, wheat straw, and hay) were moistened to achieve a 25% water content and extruded at three rotational speeds of the extruder screw: 70, 90, and 110 rpm. During extrusion-cooking, the process efficiency and energy intensity were determined. The obtained extrudates were studied in order to establish selected physical properties (water solubility index, water absorption index and bulk density). In addition, the research included an analysis of microscopic images and the efficiency of cumulative methane and biogas production per fresh mass, dry mass, and dry organic mass. In addition, an analysis of the FTIR infrared spectra of the studied extruded samples was performed, these contained lignocellulose structures, and revealed explicit changes at the molecular level. The use of the extrusion technique as a pretreatment of the plant biomass allowed for the lignocellulosic bonds to be broken, which loosened the structure of the material and thus changed its physical properties and biogas efficiency.
{"title":"Physical and thermal modification of selected lignocellulosic raw materials","authors":"K. Kupryaniuk, T. Oniszczuk, M. Combrzyński, A. Matwijczuk, J. Pulka","doi":"10.31545/intagr/161612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/161612","url":null,"abstract":". The impact of the modification of the plasticizing system of the TS-45 single-screw extruder (by ZMCh Metalchem, Gliwice, Poland) with L/D = 12 is discussed in the article. The modification involved the reconfiguration of the extruder screw to achieve certain selected physical characteristics of the lignocellulosic raw materials which are not commonly used in biogas facilities. Shredded lignocellulosic raw materials (corn straw, wheat straw, and hay) were moistened to achieve a 25% water content and extruded at three rotational speeds of the extruder screw: 70, 90, and 110 rpm. During extrusion-cooking, the process efficiency and energy intensity were determined. The obtained extrudates were studied in order to establish selected physical properties (water solubility index, water absorption index and bulk density). In addition, the research included an analysis of microscopic images and the efficiency of cumulative methane and biogas production per fresh mass, dry mass, and dry organic mass. In addition, an analysis of the FTIR infrared spectra of the studied extruded samples was performed, these contained lignocellulose structures, and revealed explicit changes at the molecular level. The use of the extrusion technique as a pretreatment of the plant biomass allowed for the lignocellulosic bonds to be broken, which loosened the structure of the material and thus changed its physical properties and biogas efficiency.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41253263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Yasutake, Tomoyo Yanagisawa, K. Shiraishi, Takuro Suyama, Hiroshi Matsui, G. Yokoyama, T. Hirota
. Abstract. Avoiding high-temperature stress effectively can ensure sufficient plant production in hot seasons. Therefore, we proposed the use of zone cooling to decrease the temperatures around the chrysanthemum canopy using a heat pump and duct at the bottom (base cooling), top (top cooling), and above (above-top cooling) the canopy. The spatiotemporal distribution of temperatures (air, leaf, and stem temperatures) was measured under the various zone cooling treatments applied, and compared with those under the treatments which were not subjected to cooling (no cooling) and were entirely cooled (entire cooling). The air temperature around the targeted cooling regions and some plant temperatures declined substantially under the base and top cooling treatments at night, but such a decline was not observed with the above-top cooling treatment. During the day, the cooled region under top cooling was directly affected by solar radiation, but this region was unaffected under the base cooling treatment. The cold air was maintained at the bottom. The results indicate that solar radiation substantially influenced spatiotemporal tem - perature distribution. Moreover, base cooling was found to be the most effective method during both day and night. Thus, this study examines the spatiotemporal temperature distribution under zone cooling methods in the chrysanthemum canopy, thereby advanc-ing our understanding of the fundamental knowledge required for the establishment of a practical zone cooling system.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal temperature distribution in the canopy of summer-to-autumn flowering chrysanthemum under different zone cooling methods","authors":"D. Yasutake, Tomoyo Yanagisawa, K. Shiraishi, Takuro Suyama, Hiroshi Matsui, G. Yokoyama, T. Hirota","doi":"10.31545/intagr/159164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/159164","url":null,"abstract":". Abstract. Avoiding high-temperature stress effectively can ensure sufficient plant production in hot seasons. Therefore, we proposed the use of zone cooling to decrease the temperatures around the chrysanthemum canopy using a heat pump and duct at the bottom (base cooling), top (top cooling), and above (above-top cooling) the canopy. The spatiotemporal distribution of temperatures (air, leaf, and stem temperatures) was measured under the various zone cooling treatments applied, and compared with those under the treatments which were not subjected to cooling (no cooling) and were entirely cooled (entire cooling). The air temperature around the targeted cooling regions and some plant temperatures declined substantially under the base and top cooling treatments at night, but such a decline was not observed with the above-top cooling treatment. During the day, the cooled region under top cooling was directly affected by solar radiation, but this region was unaffected under the base cooling treatment. The cold air was maintained at the bottom. The results indicate that solar radiation substantially influenced spatiotemporal tem - perature distribution. Moreover, base cooling was found to be the most effective method during both day and night. Thus, this study examines the spatiotemporal temperature distribution under zone cooling methods in the chrysanthemum canopy, thereby advanc-ing our understanding of the fundamental knowledge required for the establishment of a practical zone cooling system.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42858514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Radawiec, J. Gołaszewski, B. Kalisz, S. Przemieniecki
. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thea digestate which originated fromon a widely cul - tivated perennial crop ( Miscanthus giganteus ). Cchanges in the physicochemical properties of the soil, the abundance of soil microorganisms, and soil respiration were all assessed. Three types of digestate: fresh in the liquid form, processed – dried and pyrolysed, were tested and compared with mineral fertilization and an unfertilized control. Soil samples were taken in spring 2014, summer 2015 and autumn 2016. In total, 14 variables were analysed: total carbon, hot water extractable carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, pH, bacteria, fungi, O 2 intake, CO 2 emission, total carbon mineralized after 7- and 100-day-long respiration. Overall, regardless of the form of the digestate, the chemical parameters of the soil improved, although the extent of the improvement depended on the applied form of the digestate. The highest TC 12.79, N 1.29, K 257.95 and P 149.96 g kg –1 DM were determined in the plots fertilized with biochar. All digestate forms had a positive influence on the bacte - rial DNA abundance, and biochar also affected the abundance of the fungal DNA and the potential carbon sequestration in the soil. Pyrolysed digestate may have a particular value in the fertilization of perennial industrial crops.
． 本研究的目的是评价源自广泛种植的多年生作物芒草(Miscanthus giganteus)的消化液的效果。评估了土壤理化性质、土壤微生物丰度和土壤呼吸的变化。对三种类型的消化液进行了测试，并与矿物施肥和未施肥的对照进行了比较。土壤样品分别于2014年春季、2015年夏季和2016年秋季采集。总共分析了14个变量:总碳、热水可提取碳、总氮、C/N比、磷、镁、钾、pH、细菌、真菌、O摄入量、CO 2排放量、7天和100天呼吸后矿化的总碳。总的来说，不管消化剂的形式如何，土壤的化学参数都有所改善，尽管改善的程度取决于消化剂的应用形式。生物炭处理的ct12.79、N 1.29、K 257.95和P 149.96 g kg -1 DM最高。所有消化形式都对细菌DNA丰度有积极影响，生物炭也影响真菌DNA丰度和土壤中潜在的碳固存。热解消化物在多年生工业作物的施肥中可能具有特殊的价值。
{"title":"Chemical, biological and respirometry properties of soil under perennial crops fertilized with digestate","authors":"W. Radawiec, J. Gołaszewski, B. Kalisz, S. Przemieniecki","doi":"10.31545/intagr/158897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/158897","url":null,"abstract":". The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thea digestate which originated fromon a widely cul - tivated perennial crop ( Miscanthus giganteus ). Cchanges in the physicochemical properties of the soil, the abundance of soil microorganisms, and soil respiration were all assessed. Three types of digestate: fresh in the liquid form, processed – dried and pyrolysed, were tested and compared with mineral fertilization and an unfertilized control. Soil samples were taken in spring 2014, summer 2015 and autumn 2016. In total, 14 variables were analysed: total carbon, hot water extractable carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, pH, bacteria, fungi, O 2 intake, CO 2 emission, total carbon mineralized after 7- and 100-day-long respiration. Overall, regardless of the form of the digestate, the chemical parameters of the soil improved, although the extent of the improvement depended on the applied form of the digestate. The highest TC 12.79, N 1.29, K 257.95 and P 149.96 g kg –1 DM were determined in the plots fertilized with biochar. All digestate forms had a positive influence on the bacte - rial DNA abundance, and biochar also affected the abundance of the fungal DNA and the potential carbon sequestration in the soil. Pyrolysed digestate may have a particular value in the fertilization of perennial industrial crops.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42898535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Nawrocka, P. Zarzycki, Konrad Kłosok, Renata Welc, A. Wirkijowska, D. Teterycz
. At present, the use of by-products from plant food production is gaining more interest because these products contain a large amount of valuable nutritional compounds e.g. dietary fibre, proteins, polyphenols, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins. The by-products improve both the nutritional profile and the health-promoting properties of bakery products but simultaneously impair some technological properties, which is strongly related to the structure of the gluten network. FT-IR spectroscopy was used to determine changes in the gluten structure through the addition of by-products from the vegetable industry and cold oil pressing production. The supplements were added to the common wheat dough in the amounts of 3, 6, 9 and 12%. Analysis of the spectra indicates that changes in the gluten structure and the distribution of water populations are connected with the type of technological process from which the supplement originated and hence its chemical composition. Vegetable supplements cause the formation of aggregated structures such as pseudo-β-sheets, whereas gluten samples modified by oil supplements contain mainly basic secondary structures i.e. α-helices, β-turns and antiparallel-β-sheets. With regard to the water populations, oil supplements do not affect them or affect them slightly. Vegetable supplements lead to the formation of a weaker gluten network. This is observed in the form of a decrease in the number of strong hydrogen bonds
{"title":"Effect of dietary fibre waste originating from food production on the gluten structure in common wheat dough","authors":"A. Nawrocka, P. Zarzycki, Konrad Kłosok, Renata Welc, A. Wirkijowska, D. Teterycz","doi":"10.31545/intagr/159236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/159236","url":null,"abstract":". At present, the use of by-products from plant food production is gaining more interest because these products contain a large amount of valuable nutritional compounds e.g. dietary fibre, proteins, polyphenols, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins. The by-products improve both the nutritional profile and the health-promoting properties of bakery products but simultaneously impair some technological properties, which is strongly related to the structure of the gluten network. FT-IR spectroscopy was used to determine changes in the gluten structure through the addition of by-products from the vegetable industry and cold oil pressing production. The supplements were added to the common wheat dough in the amounts of 3, 6, 9 and 12%. Analysis of the spectra indicates that changes in the gluten structure and the distribution of water populations are connected with the type of technological process from which the supplement originated and hence its chemical composition. Vegetable supplements cause the formation of aggregated structures such as pseudo-β-sheets, whereas gluten samples modified by oil supplements contain mainly basic secondary structures i.e. α-helices, β-turns and antiparallel-β-sheets. With regard to the water populations, oil supplements do not affect them or affect them slightly. Vegetable supplements lead to the formation of a weaker gluten network. This is observed in the form of a decrease in the number of strong hydrogen bonds","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49357569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Field water balance and root water uptake in wheat were simulated with Hydrus-2D after a 7-year transition to conservation agriculture. The zero-tilled system with a 40% anchored residue improved soil structure and porosity. Water retention was augmented for most of the growing period, especially in the subsurface (15-30 cm), which was essentially a compact layer (penetration resistance >2 500 kPa). The lower soil strength allowed the roots to extend further as compared to conventional tillage. The loss in drainage was reduced by 54-74% over the season using zero tillage with residue. Improved initial crop establishment led to a higher leaf area index and also to an enhanced interception of photosynthetically active radiation. Soil evaporation was also reduced, and root water uptake was 14-17% higher in zero tillage with residue. The grain yield was 17% higher in zero tillage with residue with a marginally higher crop water uptake efficiency. The adoption of conservation agriculture opti - mized water uptake in wheat by the improving physical condition of the soil and plant water availability. Hydrus-2D was used to successfully simulate the soil water balance and root water uptake in wheat under conservation agriculture. Conservation agriculture requires a redesign of irrigation scheduling, unlike in conventional practice. The simulation of water balance in the soil will aid in irrigation water management in the wheat crop in order to achieve a higher degree of efficiency under conservation agriculture.
{"title":"Conservation agriculture augments water uptake in wheat: Evidence from modelling","authors":"S. Mondal, D. Chakraborty, P. Aggarwal, T. Das","doi":"10.31545/intagr/156829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/156829","url":null,"abstract":". Field water balance and root water uptake in wheat were simulated with Hydrus-2D after a 7-year transition to conservation agriculture. The zero-tilled system with a 40% anchored residue improved soil structure and porosity. Water retention was augmented for most of the growing period, especially in the subsurface (15-30 cm), which was essentially a compact layer (penetration resistance >2 500 kPa). The lower soil strength allowed the roots to extend further as compared to conventional tillage. The loss in drainage was reduced by 54-74% over the season using zero tillage with residue. Improved initial crop establishment led to a higher leaf area index and also to an enhanced interception of photosynthetically active radiation. Soil evaporation was also reduced, and root water uptake was 14-17% higher in zero tillage with residue. The grain yield was 17% higher in zero tillage with residue with a marginally higher crop water uptake efficiency. The adoption of conservation agriculture opti - mized water uptake in wheat by the improving physical condition of the soil and plant water availability. Hydrus-2D was used to successfully simulate the soil water balance and root water uptake in wheat under conservation agriculture. Conservation agriculture requires a redesign of irrigation scheduling, unlike in conventional practice. The simulation of water balance in the soil will aid in irrigation water management in the wheat crop in order to achieve a higher degree of efficiency under conservation agriculture.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46751531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：