Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.c4031.0212323
V. D, Dr. Shahul Hameed T A, Dr. Sheeba O, A. S S
Wireless communication technology experienced drastic developments during the last few decades. Meanwhile the reconfigurable antenna had attracted more researchers because of its growing needs in various applications. Reconfiguration was performed to replace numerous antennas with single reconfigurable antenna which is capable of changing the Frequency, Polarization, Radiation Pattern etc. Antenna reconfigurability is attained by deploying several switching mechanisms among them electronic switching mechanisms are commonly used because of its simple integration, reliability, and efficiency. In this paper, review of various implementation techniques for antenna reconfiguration using meta surface are studied. Some of the reviewed factors are: Meta surface is the distribution of electrically small scatters called two-dimensional metamaterial. Metamaterial is an artificially built periodic array structure which consists of subwavelength cells. Some of the reviewed challenges in reconfiguration of the antenna are modeling of reconfigurable reflectarray, low-profile, high gain, unidirectional radiation pattern etc. Finally, some of the features, parameters and fundamental properties for designing reconfigurable antenna were investigated. Based on the study conducted, reconfigurable structure for 5 G application using meta surface is proposed.
{"title":"Polarization and Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna using Metasurface: Analysis, Review and Proposal","authors":"V. D, Dr. Shahul Hameed T A, Dr. Sheeba O, A. S S","doi":"10.35940/ijeat.c4031.0212323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c4031.0212323","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless communication technology experienced drastic developments during the last few decades. Meanwhile the reconfigurable antenna had attracted more researchers because of its growing needs in various applications. Reconfiguration was performed to replace numerous antennas with single reconfigurable antenna which is capable of changing the Frequency, Polarization, Radiation Pattern etc. Antenna reconfigurability is attained by deploying several switching mechanisms among them electronic switching mechanisms are commonly used because of its simple integration, reliability, and efficiency. In this paper, review of various implementation techniques for antenna reconfiguration using meta surface are studied. Some of the reviewed factors are: Meta surface is the distribution of electrically small scatters called two-dimensional metamaterial. Metamaterial is an artificially built periodic array structure which consists of subwavelength cells. Some of the reviewed challenges in reconfiguration of the antenna are modeling of reconfigurable reflectarray, low-profile, high gain, unidirectional radiation pattern etc. Finally, some of the features, parameters and fundamental properties for designing reconfigurable antenna were investigated. Based on the study conducted, reconfigurable structure for 5 G application using meta surface is proposed.","PeriodicalId":13981,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87559321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.f3737.0212323
Vinsent Paramanantham, Dr.S.S. Kumar
In this paper, we discuss techniques, algorithms, evaluation methods used in online, offline, supervised, unsupervised, multi-video and clustering methods used for Video Summarization/Multi-view Video Summarization from various references. We have studied different techniques in the literature and described the features used for generating video summaries with evaluation methods, supervised, unsupervised, algorithms and the datasets used. We have covered the survey towards the new frontier of research in computational intelligence technique like ANN (Artificial Neural Network) and other evolutionary algorithms for VS using both supervised and unsupervised methods. We highlight on single, multi-video summarization with features like video, audio, and semantic embeddings considered for VS in the literature. A careful presentation is attempted to bring the performance comparison with Precision, Recall, F-Score, and manual methods to evaluate the VS.
{"title":"A Review on Key Features and Novel Methods for Video Summarization","authors":"Vinsent Paramanantham, Dr.S.S. Kumar","doi":"10.35940/ijeat.f3737.0212323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.f3737.0212323","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we discuss techniques, algorithms, evaluation methods used in online, offline, supervised, unsupervised, multi-video and clustering methods used for Video Summarization/Multi-view Video Summarization from various references. We have studied different techniques in the literature and described the features used for generating video summaries with evaluation methods, supervised, unsupervised, algorithms and the datasets used. We have covered the survey towards the new frontier of research in computational intelligence technique like ANN (Artificial Neural Network) and other evolutionary algorithms for VS using both supervised and unsupervised methods. We highlight on single, multi-video summarization with features like video, audio, and semantic embeddings considered for VS in the literature. A careful presentation is attempted to bring the performance comparison with Precision, Recall, F-Score, and manual methods to evaluate the VS.","PeriodicalId":13981,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77330043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.c4030.0212323
S. A, Shahul Hameed T A, Sheeba O
Sign language is the most putative language among hearing impaired people. They use non-verbal form of communication that involves hand gestures, head or body movement or facial expressions. Of these hand gestures is more widely used. Automatic Sign Language Recognition (ASLR) System can be used to convert these non-verbal signs into text or sound so that normal people can identify them without learning the sign language. ASLR employs Image Processing and Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms for effective conversion from sign to sound or text. This review unveils various image processing and AI steps involved in the conversion process, bringing out important topologies in the Image acquisition, segmentation, feature extraction, classification and detection process and a comparative analysis among various topologies. Attempts have been made to shed light into adoption of alternate design strategies in segmentation and feature extraction that enhance the performance in a complex environment.
{"title":"Design Challenges in Effective Algorithm Development of Sign Language Recognition System","authors":"S. A, Shahul Hameed T A, Sheeba O","doi":"10.35940/ijeat.c4030.0212323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c4030.0212323","url":null,"abstract":"Sign language is the most putative language among hearing impaired people. They use non-verbal form of communication that involves hand gestures, head or body movement or facial expressions. Of these hand gestures is more widely used. Automatic Sign Language Recognition (ASLR) System can be used to convert these non-verbal signs into text or sound so that normal people can identify them without learning the sign language. ASLR employs Image Processing and Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms for effective conversion from sign to sound or text. This review unveils various image processing and AI steps involved in the conversion process, bringing out important topologies in the Image acquisition, segmentation, feature extraction, classification and detection process and a comparative analysis among various topologies. Attempts have been made to shed light into adoption of alternate design strategies in segmentation and feature extraction that enhance the performance in a complex environment.","PeriodicalId":13981,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74673381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.c3983.0212323
Rudresh T. K., M. S. H., Sonu S Y
Memory circuits such as static random-access memory (SRAM) and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) form an integral part of system design and contribute significantly to system-level power consumption. Memory operating speeds and power dissipation have become important parameters due to the explosive growth of battery-operated appliances and the increased integration of circuits Hence SRAMs with different topologies are examined in terms of parameters like propagation delay, Static Noise Margin (SNM), corner analysis, and static power dissipation by simulating using versatile tool cadence virtuoso at 180nm technology. Besides, topological performance comparison, the SRAM memory array has also been illustrated from 2×2, 4×4 to 8×8, thereby verifying the read and write modes of operation of SRAM.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Different Topologies of SRAM and SRAM Memory Array Design at 180nm Technology","authors":"Rudresh T. K., M. S. H., Sonu S Y","doi":"10.35940/ijeat.c3983.0212323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c3983.0212323","url":null,"abstract":"Memory circuits such as static random-access memory (SRAM) and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) form an integral part of system design and contribute significantly to system-level power consumption. Memory operating speeds and power dissipation have become important parameters due to the explosive growth of battery-operated appliances and the increased integration of circuits Hence SRAMs with different topologies are examined in terms of parameters like propagation delay, Static Noise Margin (SNM), corner analysis, and static power dissipation by simulating using versatile tool cadence virtuoso at 180nm technology. Besides, topological performance comparison, the SRAM memory array has also been illustrated from 2×2, 4×4 to 8×8, thereby verifying the read and write modes of operation of SRAM.","PeriodicalId":13981,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86131967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.c3984.0212323
Adari Ramesh, Dr. C K Subbaraya, Dr. G K Ravi Kumar
In recent decades, mobile health (m-health) applications have gained significant attention in the healthcare sector due to their increased support during critical cases like cardiac disease, spinal cord problems, and brain injuries. Also, m-health services are considered more valuable, mainly where facilities are deficient. In addition, it supports wired and advanced wireless technologies for data transmission and communication. In this work, an AI-based deep learning model is implemented to predict healthcare data, where the data handling is performed to improve the prediction performance. It includes the working modules of data collection, normalization, AI-based classification, and decision-making. Here, the m-health data are obtained from the smart devices through the service providers, which comprises the health information related to blood pressure, heart rate, glucose level, etc. The main contribution of this paper is to accurately predict Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) from the patient dataset using the AI-based m-health system. After obtaining the data, preprocessing can be performed for noise reduction and normalization because prediction performance highly depends on data quality. Consequently, We use the Gorilla Troop Optimization Algorithm (GTOA) to select the most relevant functions for classifier training and testing. Classify his CVD type according to a selected set of features using bidirectional long-term memory (Bi-LSTM). Moreover, the proposed AI-based prediction model’s performance is validated and compared using different measures.
{"title":"AI based Dynamic Prediction Model for Mobile Health Application System","authors":"Adari Ramesh, Dr. C K Subbaraya, Dr. G K Ravi Kumar","doi":"10.35940/ijeat.c3984.0212323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c3984.0212323","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, mobile health (m-health) applications have gained significant attention in the healthcare sector due to their increased support during critical cases like cardiac disease, spinal cord problems, and brain injuries. Also, m-health services are considered more valuable, mainly where facilities are deficient. In addition, it supports wired and advanced wireless technologies for data transmission and communication. In this work, an AI-based deep learning model is implemented to predict healthcare data, where the data handling is performed to improve the prediction performance. It includes the working modules of data collection, normalization, AI-based classification, and decision-making. Here, the m-health data are obtained from the smart devices through the service providers, which comprises the health information related to blood pressure, heart rate, glucose level, etc. The main contribution of this paper is to accurately predict Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) from the patient dataset using the AI-based m-health system. After obtaining the data, preprocessing can be performed for noise reduction and normalization because prediction performance highly depends on data quality. Consequently, We use the Gorilla Troop Optimization Algorithm (GTOA) to select the most relevant functions for classifier training and testing. Classify his CVD type according to a selected set of features using bidirectional long-term memory (Bi-LSTM). Moreover, the proposed AI-based prediction model’s performance is validated and compared using different measures.","PeriodicalId":13981,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74920750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.c4026.0212323
Laila A. Wahab Abdullah Naji, Dr. Ibrahim Khider Eltahir, Hadeil Haydar Ahmed Elsheikh
Optical burst switching (OBS) is an optical switching technology; it uses an optical fiber's high bandwidth potential to transfer huge amounts of data in the form of huge packets, which are more commonly referred to as bursts. High burst loss brought on by numerous burst contentions is a significant problem in OBS. An intelligent fuzzy offset time algorithm (FOT) algorithm is suggested to overcome this problem. This study proposed Intelligent Fuzzy Offset Time (FOT) algorithms that adjust offset time (OT) in accordance with network and traffic conditions. The fuzzy input for FOT is made up of three parameters: burst size, distance, and time that burst spent in queuing. The suggested algorithm is assessed versus the Intelligent OT algorithms using the Five defuzzification techniques (Centroid (CM00), Bisector (BM04), largest of maximum (LM02), smallest of maximum (SM03), and mean of maximum (MM01) when Maximum (M) accumulation technique is used, when using Algebraic Sum (S) aggregation methods (Centroid (CS00), Bisector (BS04), largest of maximum (LS02), smallest of maximum (SS03), and mean of maximum (MS01). Simulation results have shown that FOT LM02, FOT LS02, FOT SM03 and FOT LS02 have effects on reducing BLR (burst loss ratio) and E2E (End-2-End) delayed respectively when compared to other defuzzification techniques algorithms. FOT LM02 and FOT SM03 can be used to intelligently adjust the offset parameter using the incoming traffic load and the three parameters.
{"title":"Impact of Fuzzy Offset Time on Delay and Burst Loss Ratio for Optical Burst Switching Networks","authors":"Laila A. Wahab Abdullah Naji, Dr. Ibrahim Khider Eltahir, Hadeil Haydar Ahmed Elsheikh","doi":"10.35940/ijeat.c4026.0212323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c4026.0212323","url":null,"abstract":"Optical burst switching (OBS) is an optical switching technology; it uses an optical fiber's high bandwidth potential to transfer huge amounts of data in the form of huge packets, which are more commonly referred to as bursts. High burst loss brought on by numerous burst contentions is a significant problem in OBS. An intelligent fuzzy offset time algorithm (FOT) algorithm is suggested to overcome this problem. This study proposed Intelligent Fuzzy Offset Time (FOT) algorithms that adjust offset time (OT) in accordance with network and traffic conditions. The fuzzy input for FOT is made up of three parameters: burst size, distance, and time that burst spent in queuing. The suggested algorithm is assessed versus the Intelligent OT algorithms using the Five defuzzification techniques (Centroid (CM00), Bisector (BM04), largest of maximum (LM02), smallest of maximum (SM03), and mean of maximum (MM01) when Maximum (M) accumulation technique is used, when using Algebraic Sum (S) aggregation methods (Centroid (CS00), Bisector (BS04), largest of maximum (LS02), smallest of maximum (SS03), and mean of maximum (MS01). Simulation results have shown that FOT LM02, FOT LS02, FOT SM03 and FOT LS02 have effects on reducing BLR (burst loss ratio) and E2E (End-2-End) delayed respectively when compared to other defuzzification techniques algorithms. FOT LM02 and FOT SM03 can be used to intelligently adjust the offset parameter using the incoming traffic load and the three parameters.","PeriodicalId":13981,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80291090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.c4008.0212323
Abdoul Kamal Assouma, Tahirou Djara, Abdou-Aziz Sobabe
Multi-biometric systems using feature-level fusion allow more accuracy and reliability in recognition performance than uni-biometric systems. But in practice, this type of fusion is difficult to implement especially when we are facing heterogeneous biometric modalities or incompatible features. The major challenge of feature fusion is to produce a representation of each modality with an excellent level of discrimination. Beyond pure biometric modalities, the use of metadata has proven to improve the performance of biometric systems. In view of these findings, our work focuses on multi-origin biometrics which allows the use of pure biometric modalities and metadata in a feature fusion strategy. The main objective of this paper is to present an overview of biometrics as bordered in the literature with a particular focus on multibiometrics and to propose a model of a multi-origin biometric system using pure biometric and soft biometric modalities in a feature-level fusion strategy. The curvelet transformation and the order statistics are proposed respectively for the extraction the feature of the pure biometric modalities, and for the selection of the relevant feature of each modality in order to ensure a good level of discrimination of the individuals. In this paper, we have presented the overview of biometrics through its concepts, modalities, advantages, disadvantages and implementation architectures. A focus has been put on multi-biometrics with the presentation of a harmonized process for feature fusion. For the experiments, we proposed a global model for feature fusion in a multi-origin system using face and iris modalities as pure biometrics, and facial skin color as metadata. This system and the results will be presented in future work.
{"title":"Multi-Biometrics: Survey and Projection of a New Biometric System","authors":"Abdoul Kamal Assouma, Tahirou Djara, Abdou-Aziz Sobabe","doi":"10.35940/ijeat.c4008.0212323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c4008.0212323","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-biometric systems using feature-level fusion allow more accuracy and reliability in recognition performance than uni-biometric systems. But in practice, this type of fusion is difficult to implement especially when we are facing heterogeneous biometric modalities or incompatible features. The major challenge of feature fusion is to produce a representation of each modality with an excellent level of discrimination. Beyond pure biometric modalities, the use of metadata has proven to improve the performance of biometric systems. In view of these findings, our work focuses on multi-origin biometrics which allows the use of pure biometric modalities and metadata in a feature fusion strategy. The main objective of this paper is to present an overview of biometrics as bordered in the literature with a particular focus on multibiometrics and to propose a model of a multi-origin biometric system using pure biometric and soft biometric modalities in a feature-level fusion strategy. The curvelet transformation and the order statistics are proposed respectively for the extraction the feature of the pure biometric modalities, and for the selection of the relevant feature of each modality in order to ensure a good level of discrimination of the individuals. In this paper, we have presented the overview of biometrics through its concepts, modalities, advantages, disadvantages and implementation architectures. A focus has been put on multi-biometrics with the presentation of a harmonized process for feature fusion. For the experiments, we proposed a global model for feature fusion in a multi-origin system using face and iris modalities as pure biometrics, and facial skin color as metadata. This system and the results will be presented in future work.","PeriodicalId":13981,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85735333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.b3867.1212222
Dr. S. Alice Pappa, G. Kavitha
Let G(V, E) be a graph with pvertices and qedges. Let f∶ V (G) → {0,1,2,…, p-1} be a bijection such that the induced function f*: E(G) → N defined by f_sqdp* (uv)=|[f(u) ]2-[f(v) ]2 | for everyuv∈E(G).If f_sqdp* is injective, then f_sqdp*is calledsquare difference labeling of G.A graph Gwhich admits square difference labeling is called square difference graph. The greatest common incidence number (gcin) of a vertex v of degree v > 1 is defined as the greatest common divisor (g.c.d) of the labels of the incident edges on v. A square difference labeling fis said to be a square difference prime labeling if for each vertex v of degree >1 then gcin(v) = 1. In this paper we investigate the square difference prime labelling of Petal graph and duplication of petal graph
{"title":"Square Difference Prime Labeling for Duplication of Graphs","authors":"Dr. S. Alice Pappa, G. Kavitha","doi":"10.35940/ijeat.b3867.1212222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.b3867.1212222","url":null,"abstract":"Let G(V, E) be a graph with pvertices and qedges. Let f∶ V (G) → {0,1,2,…, p-1} be a bijection such that the induced function f*: E(G) → N defined by f_sqdp* (uv)=|[f(u) ]2-[f(v) ]2 | for everyuv∈E(G).If f_sqdp* is injective, then f_sqdp*is calledsquare difference labeling of G.A graph Gwhich admits square difference labeling is called square difference graph. The greatest common incidence number (gcin) of a vertex v of degree v > 1 is defined as the greatest common divisor (g.c.d) of the labels of the incident edges on v. A square difference labeling fis said to be a square difference prime labeling if for each vertex v of degree >1 then gcin(v) = 1. In this paper we investigate the square difference prime labelling of Petal graph and duplication of petal graph","PeriodicalId":13981,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology","volume":"55 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89174381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.b3922.1212222
Eduardo Valadez Campos, J. Torres
In the last 10 years, the advancement in the electronics have made possible the development of more sophisticated unmanned vehicles and probes, manufactured using Components-Of-The-Shelf (COTS) available to public, whether be for industrial of scientific purposes. In the matter of aerospace exploration, the CubeSats are the best example of sophisticated devices partially of entirely developed using this commercial COTS. The financial cost of some components is still a point of consideration in the design, but it is not entirely a show-stopper since some low-cost components can be optimized to meet the necessary requirements and increase the reliability. In the case of stratospheric probes and nano-satellites, the Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TT&C) subsystem, in charge of the data uplink/ downlink, can be improved by including an Error Correcting Code (ECC), making possible to use commercial transceivers of low-power are low-cost. In this article we describe an implementation of an interleaved and shortened Reed-Solomon Code, which we called siRS, to improve the image and telemetry downlink in stratospheric probes and nano-satellites, using entirely low-cost commercial RF transceivers and an ARM-based mini-PC.
{"title":"Development of a Shorted Interleaved Reed-Solomon Codes (siRS) for data downlink in Stratospheric Probes and Nano-Satellites","authors":"Eduardo Valadez Campos, J. Torres","doi":"10.35940/ijeat.b3922.1212222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.b3922.1212222","url":null,"abstract":"In the last 10 years, the advancement in the electronics have made possible the development of more sophisticated unmanned vehicles and probes, manufactured using Components-Of-The-Shelf (COTS) available to public, whether be for industrial of scientific purposes. In the matter of aerospace exploration, the CubeSats are the best example of sophisticated devices partially of entirely developed using this commercial COTS. The financial cost of some components is still a point of consideration in the design, but it is not entirely a show-stopper since some low-cost components can be optimized to meet the necessary requirements and increase the reliability. In the case of stratospheric probes and nano-satellites, the Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TT&C) subsystem, in charge of the data uplink/ downlink, can be improved by including an Error Correcting Code (ECC), making possible to use commercial transceivers of low-power are low-cost. In this article we describe an implementation of an interleaved and shortened Reed-Solomon Code, which we called siRS, to improve the image and telemetry downlink in stratospheric probes and nano-satellites, using entirely low-cost commercial RF transceivers and an ARM-based mini-PC.","PeriodicalId":13981,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80717369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.b38921212222
Rajath H G, Dr. H V Byregowda
In this contemporary world, coating plays a vital role to improve the mechanical property of the material, complete chemistry and structure of the material need not be altered instead surface modification is more than enough to reduce the degradation of material through corrosion accumulation of the dust on the surface and the contact angle between the water and the surface is the major focus. the current article, current work gives the collective result of different types of coating like dip coating, sol-gel, spray coating, spin coating, plasma coating, chemical vapor deposition, and lithography in comparing all the methods of coating with spin coating it can convert the surface into a superhydrophobic surface with more contact angle of 165° with the coating microns of 10 to 30 micron, and dip-coating having a contact angle 160° with coating 3 microns, the sol-gel coating having contact angle 115°-165° with coating 20 microns, spray coating having contact angle 164° with coating 7 microns, plasma coating having contact angle 144° with coating 25 microns, chemical vapor deposition having contact angle 159.3°with 20 microns, lithography coating has a contact angle of 160° with coating 33 microns, whereas other coating techniques like dip, spray, plasma coating, chemical vapor deposition, and lithography have constraints with contact angle respectively.
{"title":"Advantages of Spin Coating Over Other Coating Techniques in the Formation of Superhydrophobic Surfaces","authors":"Rajath H G, Dr. H V Byregowda","doi":"10.35940/ijeat.b38921212222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.b38921212222","url":null,"abstract":"In this contemporary world, coating plays a vital role to improve the mechanical property of the material, complete chemistry and structure of the material need not be altered instead surface modification is more than enough to reduce the degradation of material through corrosion accumulation of the dust on the surface and the contact angle between the water and the surface is the major focus. the current article, current work gives the collective result of different types of coating like dip coating, sol-gel, spray coating, spin coating, plasma coating, chemical vapor deposition, and lithography in comparing all the methods of coating with spin coating it can convert the surface into a superhydrophobic surface with more contact angle of 165° with the coating microns of 10 to 30 micron, and dip-coating having a contact angle 160° with coating 3 microns, the sol-gel coating having contact angle 115°-165° with coating 20 microns, spray coating having contact angle 164° with coating 7 microns, plasma coating having contact angle 144° with coating 25 microns, chemical vapor deposition having contact angle 159.3°with 20 microns, lithography coating has a contact angle of 160° with coating 33 microns, whereas other coating techniques like dip, spray, plasma coating, chemical vapor deposition, and lithography have constraints with contact angle respectively.","PeriodicalId":13981,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73770336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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