Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-6-701-709
L. M. Kelekhsashvili
The growth of soybean production and the expansion of the range of this crop should be accompanied by its comprehensive study. soybean production is constrained to a large extent by its low yield, including in North Ossetia-Alania. It is necessary to overcome a significant gap in terms of yields in scientific institutions and production units. Experimental studies were carried out on the experimental fields of the North Caucasian Research Institute of Mountain and Piedmont Agriculture of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. As a result of our research, it was revealed that the total energy content on average for 2018-2020. fluctuated within 51.75-68.02 GJ/ha. The energy intensity of protein varied in the range of 22.64-29.70, fat - 18.34-24.24, carbohydrates - 10.77-14.08 GJ/ha. The net energy income by experiment options varied within 4.48-19.06 GJ/ha. The timing of sowing also contributed to an increase in the energy efficiency coefficient and bioenergy coefficient by 0.11-0.28. The energy cost of 1 ton of seeds decreased by 1.6-4.1 GJ/t, protein - by 4.1-10.5 GJ/t. The highest costs were noted in the third sowing period, the lowest - in the first. The cost of 1 centner of products was equal to 1020.1-1188.5 rubles, and the cost of the obtained crop was 49000-63800 rubles/ha. Profit from the sale of the highest was noted in the third sowing period - 31,260 rubles. with a profitability level of 96.1%, the lowest - in the first sowing period with a profitability level of 69.4%.
{"title":"ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND ENERGY ASSESSMENT OF SOYBEAN CULTIVATION DEPENDING ON SOWING TIME","authors":"L. M. Kelekhsashvili","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-6-701-709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-6-701-709","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of soybean production and the expansion of the range of this crop should be accompanied by its comprehensive study. soybean production is constrained to a large extent by its low yield, including in North Ossetia-Alania. It is necessary to overcome a significant gap in terms of yields in scientific institutions and production units. Experimental studies were carried out on the experimental fields of the North Caucasian Research Institute of Mountain and Piedmont Agriculture of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. As a result of our research, it was revealed that the total energy content on average for 2018-2020. fluctuated within 51.75-68.02 GJ/ha. The energy intensity of protein varied in the range of 22.64-29.70, fat - 18.34-24.24, carbohydrates - 10.77-14.08 GJ/ha. The net energy income by experiment options varied within 4.48-19.06 GJ/ha. The timing of sowing also contributed to an increase in the energy efficiency coefficient and bioenergy coefficient by 0.11-0.28. The energy cost of 1 ton of seeds decreased by 1.6-4.1 GJ/t, protein - by 4.1-10.5 GJ/t. The highest costs were noted in the third sowing period, the lowest - in the first. The cost of 1 centner of products was equal to 1020.1-1188.5 rubles, and the cost of the obtained crop was 49000-63800 rubles/ha. Profit from the sale of the highest was noted in the third sowing period - 31,260 rubles. with a profitability level of 96.1%, the lowest - in the first sowing period with a profitability level of 69.4%.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88578961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-8-1039-1050
Tarchokov Khasan Shamsadinovich, Bzhinaev Felix Khasanovich, Mataeva Oksana Khasanovna
The results of 3-year data obtained as a result of testing a promising maize hybrid Maisky 260MV bred by the Institute of Agriculture of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in a new generation of agricultural technologies under irrigation conditions of the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria are presented. The effectiveness of methods of caring for corn crops placed against the background of agricultural technologies of varying intensity has been studied. So, by the end of the growing season of corn, the highest weediness of crops was noted against the background of intensive technology - 350pcs/m2 with the lowest grain productivity - 34.0c/ha. The number of perennial weeds was also 130.0 specimens per 1m2. In the variant with basic agricultural technology, these indicators are reduced: in terms of total weediness of crops to 110.0 weeds/m2, perennials - up to 120.0 pcs/m2 with a grain yield of 42.5 centners/ha. Given the placement of corn crops against the background of intensive agricultural technology, the indicators of technical and economic efficiency increase. Thus, the level of crop cleansing is 73.4% in terms of the total number of weeds, incl. perennial group of weeds dies by 56.2%. This ensures the formation of grain crop production up to 47.6 c/ha and is saved from losses up to 13.6 c/ha of grain compared to the data obtained against the background of the use of extensive agricultural technology. In the variant of the technology of increased intensity (T-4.), these figures are even higher - 95.0% of the death of the total mass of weeds with a corn grain yield of 50.8 c/ha with an additional gain of up to 16.8 c/ha. With a juvenile type of weediness of crops, the technical and economic efficiency was almost the same in different variants of the experiment.
{"title":"EFFICIENCY OF CARE TECHNIQUES ON CORN SOWINGS IN NEW GENERATION AGROTECHNOLOGIES","authors":"Tarchokov Khasan Shamsadinovich, Bzhinaev Felix Khasanovich, Mataeva Oksana Khasanovna","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-8-1039-1050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-8-1039-1050","url":null,"abstract":"The results of 3-year data obtained as a result of testing a promising maize hybrid Maisky 260MV bred by the Institute of Agriculture of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in a new generation of agricultural technologies under irrigation conditions of the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria are presented. The effectiveness of methods of caring for corn crops placed against the background of agricultural technologies of varying intensity has been studied. So, by the end of the growing season of corn, the highest weediness of crops was noted against the background of intensive technology - 350pcs/m2 with the lowest grain productivity - 34.0c/ha. The number of perennial weeds was also 130.0 specimens per 1m2. In the variant with basic agricultural technology, these indicators are reduced: in terms of total weediness of crops to 110.0 weeds/m2, perennials - up to 120.0 pcs/m2 with a grain yield of 42.5 centners/ha. Given the placement of corn crops against the background of intensive agricultural technology, the indicators of technical and economic efficiency increase. Thus, the level of crop cleansing is 73.4% in terms of the total number of weeds, incl. perennial group of weeds dies by 56.2%. This ensures the formation of grain crop production up to 47.6 c/ha and is saved from losses up to 13.6 c/ha of grain compared to the data obtained against the background of the use of extensive agricultural technology. In the variant of the technology of increased intensity (T-4.), these figures are even higher - 95.0% of the death of the total mass of weeds with a corn grain yield of 50.8 c/ha with an additional gain of up to 16.8 c/ha. With a juvenile type of weediness of crops, the technical and economic efficiency was almost the same in different variants of the experiment.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87838387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-5-583-590
L. Dzugaeva
One of the significant factors of increasing the yield of agricultural crops is the use of fertilizers and pesticides. However, the use of chemicals causes environmental pollution and is accompanied by significant investments of material and energy resources. In addition, there is a decrease in humus in the soil. Therefore, agrotechnical techniques aimed at maintaining the natural fertility of the soil and stimulating the development of soil microflora are very relevant. Currently, natural growth regulators and bacterial preparations designed to activate the metabolic processes of plants and increase their productivity are increasingly used in crop production. Biological products can affect plants at different stages of growth and development. But their influence is most effectively manifested in the process of seed treatment before sowing. Such seeds have a high plasticity to changes in environmental conditions. And the use of drugs has a multifunctional effect. The article presents research materials on the effectiveness of the use of a new-generation biological product and micro-fertilizer, as well as zeolite-containing clays as a pre-sowing treatment of clover seeds. We used "Albit "(a complex biological product), "Polydon Bio Bean" (micro-fertilizer) and a mixture of rhizotorphin with "Alanite" (zeolite-containing clay). The results of the conducted studies revealed differences in the germination energy and germination of seeds of different types of clover. The influence of meteorological conditions and ecological and geographical origin on hard - seeding is determined. The seeds were treated with rhizotorphin and thiamine. Various doses of Alanite were tested in a mixture with risotorphin. The best option is a mixture of 1:5, which increased germination (37%), seed productivity (84%) and nitrogen-fixing ability. Both drugs had a stimulating effect on the germination energy and seed germination (15 – 28%). The acceleration of the development phases, an increase in the number of generative stems, the number of inflorescences, and foliage were noted. The yield of green mass for 2 mowing increased by 130 c/ha. The qualitative composition of the feed mass has also improved.
提高农作物产量的一个重要因素是化肥和农药的使用。然而，化学品的使用造成环境污染，并伴随着大量的物质和能源投资。此外，土壤中的腐殖质也在减少。因此，旨在保持土壤自然肥力和促进土壤微生物群发育的农业技术是非常重要的。目前，旨在激活植物代谢过程并提高其生产力的天然生长调节剂和细菌制剂越来越多地用于作物生产。生物制品可以影响不同生长发育阶段的植物。但其影响最有效地体现在播前种子处理过程中。这种种子对环境条件的变化具有很高的可塑性。药物的使用具有多方面的影响。本文介绍了新一代生物制品和微量肥料以及含沸石粘土作为三叶草种子播前处理的有效性研究资料。我们使用了“Albit”(一种复杂的生物制品)、“Polydon Bio Bean”(微量肥料)和根状啡与“Alanite”(含沸石的粘土)的混合物。研究结果表明，不同类型三叶草种子的萌发能量和发芽率存在差异。确定了气象条件、生态地理条件对硬播的影响。种子用根啡和硫胺素处理。在与视啡的混合物中测试了不同剂量的Alanite。最好的选择是1:5的混合物，可以提高发芽率(37%)，种子生产力(84%)和固氮能力。两种药物对种子萌发能和种子萌发均有刺激作用(15 ~ 28%)。发育阶段的加速，生殖茎的数量增加，花序和叶片的数量增加。刈割2次，青稞产量提高130 c/ha。饲料质量的组成也得到了改善。
{"title":"MODERN BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS FOR HARD-SEEDED CROPS","authors":"L. Dzugaeva","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-5-583-590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-5-583-590","url":null,"abstract":"One of the significant factors of increasing the yield of agricultural crops is the use of fertilizers and pesticides. However, the use of chemicals causes environmental pollution and is accompanied by significant investments of material and energy resources. In addition, there is a decrease in humus in the soil. Therefore, agrotechnical techniques aimed at maintaining the natural fertility of the soil and stimulating the development of soil microflora are very relevant. Currently, natural growth regulators and bacterial preparations designed to activate the metabolic processes of plants and increase their productivity are increasingly used in crop production. Biological products can affect plants at different stages of growth and development. But their influence is most effectively manifested in the process of seed treatment before sowing. Such seeds have a high plasticity to changes in environmental conditions. And the use of drugs has a multifunctional effect. The article presents research materials on the effectiveness of the use of a new-generation biological product and micro-fertilizer, as well as zeolite-containing clays as a pre-sowing treatment of clover seeds. We used \"Albit \"(a complex biological product), \"Polydon Bio Bean\" (micro-fertilizer) and a mixture of rhizotorphin with \"Alanite\" (zeolite-containing clay). The results of the conducted studies revealed differences in the germination energy and germination of seeds of different types of clover. The influence of meteorological conditions and ecological and geographical origin on hard - seeding is determined. The seeds were treated with rhizotorphin and thiamine. Various doses of Alanite were tested in a mixture with risotorphin. The best option is a mixture of 1:5, which increased germination (37%), seed productivity (84%) and nitrogen-fixing ability. Both drugs had a stimulating effect on the germination energy and seed germination (15 – 28%). The acceleration of the development phases, an increase in the number of generative stems, the number of inflorescences, and foliage were noted. The yield of green mass for 2 mowing increased by 130 c/ha. The qualitative composition of the feed mass has also improved.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88187158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-3-338-349
V. Safonov, S. Shishurin, P. Gorbushin, V. V. Ostrikov
The article presents the results of research on the establishment of an effective nanoscale phase and modes of applying nanocomposite electroplating coatings based on chromium. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that it is advisable to use a nanodispersed aluminum oxide powder as a nanoscale phase. The method of mathematical planning of the experiment was used to determine the optimal modes of coating and the concentration of nanoscale particles in the electrolyte. The microhardness of the obtained coatings was chosen as an optimization parameter, since it significantly affects their wear resistance. The highest microhardness of a nanocomposite electrolytic coating based on chromium is achieved when the electrolyte is heated to a temperature of 50 °C, a current density of 59 A/dm2 and a concentration of nanoscale phase particles in the electrolyte of 3.2 g/l, which ultimately corresponds to an increase in microhardness to 14.32 GPa. It is also established that nanocomposition coatings have a positive microhardness gradient in thickness, which allows leveling the difference in the values of the microhardness of the coatings and the base metal and will help to increase the adhesion strength of the coatings to the base on the one hand and their wear resistance on the other. Based on the microhardness measurements of chromium-based nanocomposition coatings, statistical series were formed. 30 samples were subjected to measurements. According to the results of microhardness measurements, the average square deviation of the values of nanocomposition coatings based on chromium was 0.05 (coefficient of variation 0.283). To equalize the obtained experimental microhardness information, the law of normal distribution is chosen, since the coefficient of variation, according to which the greatest probability of microhardness values of nanocomposite coatings based on chromium is observed in the range of 14.32–14.37 GPa.
本文介绍了有效的纳米相的建立和基于铬的纳米复合电镀涂层的应用模式的研究结果。研究结果表明，采用纳米分散的氧化铝粉作为纳米级相是可取的。采用数学规划的方法确定了最佳的包覆模式和电解质中纳米级粒子的浓度。选择涂层的显微硬度作为优化参数，因为显微硬度对涂层的耐磨性有重要影响。当电解液温度为50℃，电流密度为59 a /dm2，电解液中纳米级相颗粒浓度为3.2 g/l时，基于铬的纳米复合电解涂层的显微硬度最高，最终对应的显微硬度增加到14.32 GPa。研究还发现，纳米复合涂层在厚度上具有正的显微硬度梯度，这使得涂层与母材的显微硬度差异趋于均匀，有助于提高涂层与基体的结合强度和耐磨性。基于铬基纳米复合涂层的显微硬度测量，形成了统计序列。对30个样品进行了测量。显微硬度测量结果表明，镀铬纳米复合镀层硬度的均方根偏差为0.05(变异系数为0.283)。为了使实验所得的显微硬度信息均衡，选择正态分布规律，因为变异系数在14.32 ~ 14.37 GPa范围内，铬基纳米复合镀层的显微硬度值概率最大。
{"title":"SELECTION OF THE NANOSCALE PHASE MATERIAL AND ESTABLISHMENT OF MODES FOR APPLYING NANOCOMPOSITION ELECTROPLATING COATINGS BASED ON CHROMIUM","authors":"V. Safonov, S. Shishurin, P. Gorbushin, V. V. Ostrikov","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-3-338-349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-3-338-349","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of research on the establishment of an effective nanoscale phase and modes of applying nanocomposite electroplating coatings based on chromium. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that it is advisable to use a nanodispersed aluminum oxide powder as a nanoscale phase. The method of mathematical planning of the experiment was used to determine the optimal modes of coating and the concentration of nanoscale particles in the electrolyte. The microhardness of the obtained coatings was chosen as an optimization parameter, since it significantly affects their wear resistance. The highest microhardness of a nanocomposite electrolytic coating based on chromium is achieved when the electrolyte is heated to a temperature of 50 °C, a current density of 59 A/dm2 and a concentration of nanoscale phase particles in the electrolyte of 3.2 g/l, which ultimately corresponds to an increase in microhardness to 14.32 GPa. It is also established that nanocomposition coatings have a positive microhardness gradient in thickness, which allows leveling the difference in the values of the microhardness of the coatings and the base metal and will help to increase the adhesion strength of the coatings to the base on the one hand and their wear resistance on the other. Based on the microhardness measurements of chromium-based nanocomposition coatings, statistical series were formed. 30 samples were subjected to measurements. According to the results of microhardness measurements, the average square deviation of the values of nanocomposition coatings based on chromium was 0.05 (coefficient of variation 0.283). To equalize the obtained experimental microhardness information, the law of normal distribution is chosen, since the coefficient of variation, according to which the greatest probability of microhardness values of nanocomposite coatings based on chromium is observed in the range of 14.32–14.37 GPa.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79632355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-4-435-446
O. V. Bukin, D. V. Bochkarev, A. N. Nikolsky, V. Bochkarev
Weediness of crops is one of the factors when choosing a method of basic tillage for individual crops and in crop rotation as a whole. The studies carried out in 2017-2019 in the conditions of the Republic of Mordovia indicate an insignificant effect of soil cultivation on the species composition of the weed component of the pea agrocenosis. The greatest species diversity is noted for the weeds of the Asteraceae, Yasnotkovye and Poa Grass families. To a greater extent, tillage affects the change in the population density of agrobiological groups of weeds and individual weed species. Disking and direct sowing contributed to an increase in the population density of wintering juvenile weeds to a greater extent. In terms of the plowing background, the greatest abundance was noted for early spring weeds. With an equal spectrum of species, the variants with zero and minimal tillage significantly exceeded plowing in terms of the number of rhizome species per unit area by 7-9 times. Direct sowing and disking contributed to an increase in the abundance of odorless three-ribbed peas (Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip), tenacious bedstraw Galium aparine L., field horsetail (Equiseeum arvense L.) Convolvulus arvensis L., bristly thistle (Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Besser.), White marie (Chenopodium album L.)
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TREATMENT METHODS ON THE PHYTOSANITARY CONDITION OF PEA CROPS","authors":"O. V. Bukin, D. V. Bochkarev, A. N. Nikolsky, V. Bochkarev","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-4-435-446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-4-435-446","url":null,"abstract":"Weediness of crops is one of the factors when choosing a method of basic tillage for individual crops and in crop rotation as a whole. The studies carried out in 2017-2019 in the conditions of the Republic of Mordovia indicate an insignificant effect of soil cultivation on the species composition of the weed component of the pea agrocenosis. The greatest species diversity is noted for the weeds of the Asteraceae, Yasnotkovye and Poa Grass families. To a greater extent, tillage affects the change in the population density of agrobiological groups of weeds and individual weed species. Disking and direct sowing contributed to an increase in the population density of wintering juvenile weeds to a greater extent. In terms of the plowing background, the greatest abundance was noted for early spring weeds. With an equal spectrum of species, the variants with zero and minimal tillage significantly exceeded plowing in terms of the number of rhizome species per unit area by 7-9 times. Direct sowing and disking contributed to an increase in the abundance of odorless three-ribbed peas (Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip), tenacious bedstraw Galium aparine L., field horsetail (Equiseeum arvense L.) Convolvulus arvensis L., bristly thistle (Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Besser.), White marie (Chenopodium album L.)","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77287975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-6-683-689
T. V. Fedyunina, M. P. Gorbacheva
According to the open access data of the Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography (Rosreestr), as of January 1, 2020, the area of the land fund in the administrative units of the Russian Federation amounted to 1,712,519.1 thousand hectares (directly in the Saratov region - 10,124.0 thousand hectares) , in the structure of which agricultural land occupies 22.29% and 85.43%, respectively. In the composition of agricultural lands of the region, agricultural lands are dominated by processing and cultivation of crops, with an area in the structure of 95.6%. These analytical data alone allow us to call the Saratov region a dynamically developing agrarian region. However, due to its location, arid climatic zone, it is this aggressive factor that determines the specifics of agricultural production, when the priority direction for the development of the agro-industrial complex is the improvement of the reclamation complex in terms of the effective use of existing irrigation systems. Here we should not forget about the high technogenic load of the reclamation complex, which leads to degradation and loss of soil fertility. Within the framework of this study, methodological and methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the directions for the development of the reclamation complex in terms of the effective use of existing irrigation systems, taking into account the provisions of rational nature management, are analyzed.
{"title":"RATIONAL NATURE MANAGEMENT IN MATTERS OF MELIORATIVE AGRICULTURE","authors":"T. V. Fedyunina, M. P. Gorbacheva","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-6-683-689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-6-683-689","url":null,"abstract":"According to the open access data of the Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography (Rosreestr), as of January 1, 2020, the area of the land fund in the administrative units of the Russian Federation amounted to 1,712,519.1 thousand hectares (directly in the Saratov region - 10,124.0 thousand hectares) , in the structure of which agricultural land occupies 22.29% and 85.43%, respectively. In the composition of agricultural lands of the region, agricultural lands are dominated by processing and cultivation of crops, with an area in the structure of 95.6%. These analytical data alone allow us to call the Saratov region a dynamically developing agrarian region. However, due to its location, arid climatic zone, it is this aggressive factor that determines the specifics of agricultural production, when the priority direction for the development of the agro-industrial complex is the improvement of the reclamation complex in terms of the effective use of existing irrigation systems. Here we should not forget about the high technogenic load of the reclamation complex, which leads to degradation and loss of soil fertility. Within the framework of this study, methodological and methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the directions for the development of the reclamation complex in terms of the effective use of existing irrigation systems, taking into account the provisions of rational nature management, are analyzed.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76975002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-4-519-528
K. Artemenko, D. Adushinov
Comprehensive studies have been conducted on the comparative assessment of the influence of the method of maintenance and technological equipment on the clinical, physiological, hematological and productive indicators of cows in the climatic conditions of the Irkutsk region. The results of the conducted studies indicate the high degree of importance of maintaining optimal parameters of the microclimate of cowsheds in the harsh climatic conditions of the Baikal region and the use of modern automatic equipment. Significant temperature changes in the cowshed during the seasons have a negative impact on the behavior and health of the animal. Excessive temperature and humidity readings lead to a deterioration of appetite, a decrease in feed consumption and a decrease in animal productivity. At low temperatures, there is an increased consumption of feed, which is associated with the need to obtain energy aimed at warming the body without a positive effect on milk productivity. Also, under equal microclimatic conditions of cowsheds, a more positive effect on the economic and useful indicators of Siberian cows with a loose method of maintenance compared to a tethered one was noted. With loose technology, cows have the best indicators of resistant qualities, metabolism and milk productivity, while increasing the automation of production processes, increasing the level of labor and profitability of production. The given advantages of a loose method of keeping, a calm disposition and a technological predisposition of Siberian cows indicate the optimal use of this technology for keeping the cows under study in the conditions of the Irkutsk Region.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT ON THE CLINICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL STATUS AND PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF COWS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE IRKUTSK REGION","authors":"K. Artemenko, D. Adushinov","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-4-519-528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-4-519-528","url":null,"abstract":"Comprehensive studies have been conducted on the comparative assessment of the influence of the method of maintenance and technological equipment on the clinical, physiological, hematological and productive indicators of cows in the climatic conditions of the Irkutsk region. The results of the conducted studies indicate the high degree of importance of maintaining optimal parameters of the microclimate of cowsheds in the harsh climatic conditions of the Baikal region and the use of modern automatic equipment. Significant temperature changes in the cowshed during the seasons have a negative impact on the behavior and health of the animal. Excessive temperature and humidity readings lead to a deterioration of appetite, a decrease in feed consumption and a decrease in animal productivity. At low temperatures, there is an increased consumption of feed, which is associated with the need to obtain energy aimed at warming the body without a positive effect on milk productivity. Also, under equal microclimatic conditions of cowsheds, a more positive effect on the economic and useful indicators of Siberian cows with a loose method of maintenance compared to a tethered one was noted. With loose technology, cows have the best indicators of resistant qualities, metabolism and milk productivity, while increasing the automation of production processes, increasing the level of labor and profitability of production. The given advantages of a loose method of keeping, a calm disposition and a technological predisposition of Siberian cows indicate the optimal use of this technology for keeping the cows under study in the conditions of the Irkutsk Region.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75963321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-8-1095-1105
Ostrikov Valery Vasilyevich, Koshelev Alexander Viktorovich, Zabrodskaya Alla Vladimirovna, Safonov Valentin Vladimirovich
In lubricating engine oil and on engine parts, depending on the engine operating time, a significant amount of contaminants, resins, oxidation products accumulate, which are deposited in the oil channels of the lubrication system, on the pistons, under the oil scraper rings. Based on the parametric data, a theoretical dependence was constructed to assess the relationship between the characteristics of the oil, an expression was obtained that determines the relationship between compression and oil color in the process of flushing the lubrication system. The differential function of the efficiency of restoring the operational properties of the engine is presented. To solve the existing problem, studies were carried out to simulate the process of removing deposits from the lubrication system with flushing oil. It has been established that used engine oil purified with clarification can be used as the basis for flushing oil. The dependence of the change in the contamination of the surface of the oil pipeline and the content of insoluble sediment in the oil on the time of flushing the lubrication system with purified waste oil has been obtained. A decrease in the contamination of the surface of the oil pipeline from 10 to 7 points and an increase in the content of insoluble impurities in the oil from 0.01% to 0.20% were determined. It was found that the addition of diesel fuel to the purified waste oil in the amount of 3% by volume does not lead to a significant increase in the washing properties of the oil. Additional enrichment of the cleaning mixture, consisting of purified used engine oil, 3% diesel fuel and potassium isopropoxide 3% wt, 3% wt dimethyl sulfoxide, reduces the point of contamination of the oil pipeline surface from 10 to 1 point. It has been established that the introduction of the entire complex of additives into the oil leads to an increase in the content of contamination in the developed oil composition after 40 minutes of washing from 0.01% to 0.45%.
{"title":"FLUSHING THE LUBRICATION SYSTEM OF TRACTOR ENGINES WITH A COMPOSITION BASED ON USED ENGINE OIL","authors":"Ostrikov Valery Vasilyevich, Koshelev Alexander Viktorovich, Zabrodskaya Alla Vladimirovna, Safonov Valentin Vladimirovich","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-8-1095-1105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-8-1095-1105","url":null,"abstract":"In lubricating engine oil and on engine parts, depending on the engine operating time, a significant amount of contaminants, resins, oxidation products accumulate, which are deposited in the oil channels of the lubrication system, on the pistons, under the oil scraper rings. Based on the parametric data, a theoretical dependence was constructed to assess the relationship between the characteristics of the oil, an expression was obtained that determines the relationship between compression and oil color in the process of flushing the lubrication system. The differential function of the efficiency of restoring the operational properties of the engine is presented. To solve the existing problem, studies were carried out to simulate the process of removing deposits from the lubrication system with flushing oil. It has been established that used engine oil purified with clarification can be used as the basis for flushing oil. The dependence of the change in the contamination of the surface of the oil pipeline and the content of insoluble sediment in the oil on the time of flushing the lubrication system with purified waste oil has been obtained. A decrease in the contamination of the surface of the oil pipeline from 10 to 7 points and an increase in the content of insoluble impurities in the oil from 0.01% to 0.20% were determined. It was found that the addition of diesel fuel to the purified waste oil in the amount of 3% by volume does not lead to a significant increase in the washing properties of the oil. Additional enrichment of the cleaning mixture, consisting of purified used engine oil, 3% diesel fuel and potassium isopropoxide 3% wt, 3% wt dimethyl sulfoxide, reduces the point of contamination of the oil pipeline surface from 10 to 1 point. It has been established that the introduction of the entire complex of additives into the oil leads to an increase in the content of contamination in the developed oil composition after 40 minutes of washing from 0.01% to 0.45%.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76435342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-5-619-627
E. Kazanovsky, T. V. Tarabukina
Reindeer husbandry is one of the leading branches of animal husbandry in the Far North of the Russian Federation and serves as the main source of life and employment for the local population. Anti-anthrax vaccinations of almost all deer are carried out annually, since immunity persists in the body for 12 months, and the spores of the pathogen of anthrax can persist in the external environment for many decades, especially in the “permafrost " zone. Therefore, vaccination of deer should continue as long as reindeer husbandry exists. Vaccination is carried out in early summer or autumn. At the same time, the pc vaccine has been successfully used recently.55 VNIIVViM. The purpose of the work is to conduct research to develop a method for creating a composition of therapeutic and prophylactic drugs against edemagenosis and anthrax of reindeer on the basis of new iver -, avermectins and anti-ulcer vaccine pcs. 55 VNIIVViM. Data on the results of screening of means and methods of combating the dominant diseases of reindeer are obtained from archival materials, publications of relevant scientific developments and research in recent years. The research is carried out in close creative cooperation and with the direct participation of employees of the VNIIVViM anthrax laboratory (Selyaninov Yu. O., Grekhova N. V.). Experiments on deer are carried out in reindeer breeding farms of the Komi Republic and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The results of all conducted tests of the association of drugs are issued by the relevant acts. Mass one-time antiepizootic treatment of deer provides 100% protection of livestock from an outbreak of anthrax. In addition, due to the destruction of parasitic larvae of the subcutaneous gadfly, the income of reindeer farms increases by 27-30% (up to about 3 thousand rubles per deer from the slaughter contingent). In the Komi Republic, this is determined by the amount of 6-8 million rubles annually.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMBATING EDEMAGENOSIS AND ANTHRAX OF REINDEER","authors":"E. Kazanovsky, T. V. Tarabukina","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-5-619-627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-5-619-627","url":null,"abstract":"Reindeer husbandry is one of the leading branches of animal husbandry in the Far North of the Russian Federation and serves as the main source of life and employment for the local population. Anti-anthrax vaccinations of almost all deer are carried out annually, since immunity persists in the body for 12 months, and the spores of the pathogen of anthrax can persist in the external environment for many decades, especially in the “permafrost \" zone. Therefore, vaccination of deer should continue as long as reindeer husbandry exists. Vaccination is carried out in early summer or autumn. At the same time, the pc vaccine has been successfully used recently.55 VNIIVViM. The purpose of the work is to conduct research to develop a method for creating a composition of therapeutic and prophylactic drugs against edemagenosis and anthrax of reindeer on the basis of new iver -, avermectins and anti-ulcer vaccine pcs. 55 VNIIVViM. Data on the results of screening of means and methods of combating the dominant diseases of reindeer are obtained from archival materials, publications of relevant scientific developments and research in recent years. The research is carried out in close creative cooperation and with the direct participation of employees of the VNIIVViM anthrax laboratory (Selyaninov Yu. O., Grekhova N. V.). Experiments on deer are carried out in reindeer breeding farms of the Komi Republic and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The results of all conducted tests of the association of drugs are issued by the relevant acts. Mass one-time antiepizootic treatment of deer provides 100% protection of livestock from an outbreak of anthrax. In addition, due to the destruction of parasitic larvae of the subcutaneous gadfly, the income of reindeer farms increases by 27-30% (up to about 3 thousand rubles per deer from the slaughter contingent). In the Komi Republic, this is determined by the amount of 6-8 million rubles annually.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81657786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-7-939-944
A. Bychkov, S. R. Yumaguzina
Lack of feed resources is a common problem that limits the development of livestock production. Various cataclysms, such as floods, droughts, lead to a shortage of food and feed. Among all cataclysms, drought is the main destructive natural disaster, leading to significant loss of vegetation. On average, about 30-40% of the cultivated area in areas affected by drought. Also, drought causes another type of loss when the growth rate of plants is limited. In such conditions in the regions, there is an acute shortage of feed and fodder. Therefore, there is a need to develop feeding strategies for keeping animals to ensure their development and productivity. Feeding strategies during times of scarcity depend on the specific conditions prevailing in any particular area. In general, the farmer must make decisions based on economics, knowledge of nutrition, availability of forage resources in difficult climatic conditions. Technological issues of feed preparation cannot be considered in isolation from the processes of digestion and metabolism in the animal body. Canned and treated with chemicals and other substances have specific nutritional properties and affect the animal's body, milk production and weight gain in different ways. However, if used incorrectly, they have a negative impact on the physiological state of the animal organism, productivity and viability. When characterizing feeds in this work, considerable attention is paid not only to the concentration of various substances in the feed, but also to their effect on the productivity of animals.
{"title":"EFFICIENT FEEDING IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY","authors":"A. Bychkov, S. R. Yumaguzina","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-7-939-944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-7-939-944","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of feed resources is a common problem that limits the development of livestock production. Various cataclysms, such as floods, droughts, lead to a shortage of food and feed. Among all cataclysms, drought is the main destructive natural disaster, leading to significant loss of vegetation. On average, about 30-40% of the cultivated area in areas affected by drought. Also, drought causes another type of loss when the growth rate of plants is limited. In such conditions in the regions, there is an acute shortage of feed and fodder. Therefore, there is a need to develop feeding strategies for keeping animals to ensure their development and productivity. Feeding strategies during times of scarcity depend on the specific conditions prevailing in any particular area. In general, the farmer must make decisions based on economics, knowledge of nutrition, availability of forage resources in difficult climatic conditions. Technological issues of feed preparation cannot be considered in isolation from the processes of digestion and metabolism in the animal body. Canned and treated with chemicals and other substances have specific nutritional properties and affect the animal's body, milk production and weight gain in different ways. However, if used incorrectly, they have a negative impact on the physiological state of the animal organism, productivity and viability. When characterizing feeds in this work, considerable attention is paid not only to the concentration of various substances in the feed, but also to their effect on the productivity of animals.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76647949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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