International Journal of Forensic Mental Health最新文献

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Intensive Use of Forensic Inpatient Services by People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Ontario, Canada: Prevalence and Associated Characteristics 加拿大安大略省智力和发育障碍者密集使用法医住院服务的情况及相关特征

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q2 Nursing

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health

Pub Date : 2022-01-20 DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2022.2027047

E. Lin, Lisa Whittingham, Louis Busch, A. Calzavara, F. Kouyoumdjian, A. Durbin, F. Matheson, Parisa Dastoori, T. Volpe, Y. Lunsky

引用次数: 2

Risk-Increasing and Risk-Reducing Factors for Violence: A Qualitative Study of Forensic Patients’ Perceptions 暴力行为的风险增加和风险减少因素：法医患者认知的定性研究

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q2 Nursing

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health

Pub Date : 2022-01-18 DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2021.2023238

Sara K. Levin, P. Nilsen, P. Bendtsen, Per Bülow

Abstract This study investigated forensic patients’ perceptions of relevant factors for violence risk, to facilitate an understanding of potential reasons for violence and the effect of risk management interventions. Semi-structured interviews with 13 forensic patients were analyzed with qualitative content analysis using an inductive approach. The sample of participants could identify an array of potentially relevant factors for their use of violence related to themselves, the external context, social and relational aspects, as well as situational factors. Most also actively strived to manage such risk. Considering patients’ perceptions could potentially add relevant perspectives and improve clinical and structured risk assessments.

摘要本研究调查了法医患者对暴力风险相关因素的认知，以便于了解暴力的潜在原因和风险管理干预的效果。采用归纳法对13名法医患者进行了半结构化访谈，并进行了定性内容分析。参与者样本可以确定他们使用暴力的一系列潜在相关因素，这些因素与他们自己、外部环境、社会和关系方面以及情境因素有关。大多数还积极努力管理此类风险。考虑患者的认知可能会增加相关观点，并改进临床和结构化风险评估。

引用次数: 0

A Study of the TOMM and DCT in Chinese-Speaking Immigrants with Limited English Proficiency in the United States 美国英语水平有限的汉语移民的TOMM和DCT研究

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q2 Nursing

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health

Pub Date : 2022-01-17 DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2022.2027048

Yi-Ting Chang, B. Rosenfeld, W. Tam, Cheng-Yun Teng, Ying Han

Abstract The accuracy of performance validity tests (PVTs) with culturally diverse populations has increasingly been questioned. High false positive rates have been found in some PVTs in culturally and linguistically diverse individuals within the U.S. and internationally. No study to date has investigated the accuracy of PVTs with Chinese-speaking immigrants (CSI) in the U.S. The current study aimed to evaluate two PVTs, the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) and Dot Counting Test (DCT), to determine their accuracy in a community sample of CSI with limited English proficiency. These two measures were used in a simulation design, contrasting 52 participants who were instructed to respond honestly to 22 participants instructed to feign incompetency to stand trial. Results demonstrated the scores of TOMM Trial 1 and Trial 2 were effective in classifying honest responders from simulators, whereas the DCT E-score did not differentiate the groups better than chance. However, false positive rates for the TOMM Trial 1, Trial 2, and the DCT E-score were relatively low. Only one honest responder (1.9%) was classified as exerting insufficient effort in TOMM Trial 1 and DCT E-score, and the TOMM Trial 2 did not misclassify any honest responders. Implications and cautionary statements are provided and discussed.

摘要针对多元文化人群的绩效效度测试(pvt)的准确性日益受到质疑。在美国和国际上，在文化和语言不同的个体中发现了一些pvt的高假阳性率。到目前为止，还没有研究调查了在美国讲中文的移民(CSI)的pvt的准确性。本研究旨在评估两种pvt，记忆装病测试(TOMM)和点计数测试(DCT)，以确定它们在英语水平有限的CSI社区样本中的准确性。在模拟设计中使用了这两种测量方法，对比了52名被要求诚实回答的参与者和22名被要求假装没有能力接受审判的参与者。结果表明，试验1和试验2的TOMM分数有效地区分了诚实的反应者和模拟者，而DCT E-score并没有更好地区分各组。然而，TOMM试验1、试验2和DCT e评分的假阳性率相对较低。在TOMM试验1和DCT E-score中，只有一名诚实应答者(1.9%)被归类为努力不足，TOMM试验2没有对任何诚实应答者进行错误分类。提供并讨论了影响和警示性陈述。

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引用次数: 1

Trajectories and Outcomes of Those Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder through a Canadian Forensic System 通过加拿大法医系统对精神障碍无刑事责任的人的轨迹和结果

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q2 Nursing

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health

Pub Date : 2022-01-05 DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2021.2023708

Jeremy Cheng, Mark E. Olver, Andre Haag, J. S. Wormith

Abstract Canadians adjudicated Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder (NCR) are detained in forensic psychiatric hospitals under a jurisdictional review board (RB) governed by the Canadian Criminal Code. The custody and management of NCR populations are administered independently across jurisdictions despite being federally legislated, and research is limited on how RBs may vary in their efforts to balance public safety and social reintegration across cases, settings, and provinces. To this end, the trajectories and outcomes were investigated in one understudied Canadian RB system on a sample of NCR individuals (n = 109) and compared to other provincial practices. A retrospective longitudinal design was employed to track an NCR cohort between 2005 and 2010 until 2015. Results demonstrated that the provincial RB aligned their operational and management practices with federal legislation, but unique deviations contributed to novel NCR trajectories and outcomes under RB supervision that were conservative relative to provincial partners. Dispositions varied as a function of risk level and were informed by clinician recommendations. Detention length differences were observed between ancestral lines, as the White ancestral group spent an average of three years less in custody than the Nonwhite ancestral group despite limited differences in demographic, clinical, and criminogenic profiles. Further research is required on NCR trajectories and outcomes across other understudied provinces and the role of forensic risk instruments in assisting with the consistent application of federal law.

被裁定因精神障碍(NCR)不负有刑事责任的加拿大人被拘留在由加拿大刑法管辖的司法审查委员会(RB)管辖的法医精神病院。尽管有联邦立法，但NCR人口的监护和管理是跨司法管辖区独立管理的，并且关于RBs如何在不同案件、环境和省份平衡公共安全和社会融合方面的努力有所不同的研究有限。为此，在一个未充分研究的加拿大RB系统中，对NCR个体样本(n = 109)进行了轨迹和结果调查，并与其他省的做法进行了比较。采用回顾性纵向设计追踪2005 - 2010年至2015年的NCR队列。结果表明，省级RB将其运营和管理实践与联邦立法保持一致，但独特的偏差导致了新的NCR轨迹和结果，在RB的监督下，相对于省级合作伙伴来说是保守的。处置随风险水平的变化而变化，并由临床医生建议。在不同的祖先之间，拘留时间的差异被观察到，尽管在人口统计学、临床和犯罪特征方面存在有限的差异，但白人祖先组比非白人祖先组平均少被拘留三年。需要进一步研究其他未充分研究的省份的NCR轨迹和结果，以及法医风险工具在协助一致适用联邦法律方面的作用。

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引用次数: 1

Factors associated with repeat sexual offending among U.S. military veterans compared to civilians. 与平民相比，美国退伍军人中与重复性侵犯有关的因素。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q2 Nursing

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2021.1943569

Stephanie Brooks Holliday, Shoba Sreenivasan, Eric Elbogen, David Thornton, Jim McGuire

Although veterans have lower incarceration rates than civilians, large national surveys find higher rates of incarceration for sexual offenses among veterans compared to non-veterans. However, little is known about the factors associated with repeat sexual offending among veterans. This study examines characteristics of veterans who committed sexual offenses and how they differ from civilians with those offenses. It also examined if the factors that differ between veterans and civilians who have a history of repeat sexual offenses and those who do not. Based on previous research related to risk in veterans, we expected there may be veteran-specific risk factors. This study used the Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities. Predictors were identified through a review of the literature regarding sexual offense risk assessment and justice-involved veterans. Risk factors were examined using logistic regression analysis. In a multivariate logistic regression, there were significant interactions between veteran status and age, race, and education in the prediction of repeat offense status. Prior incarceration for a non-sexual offense was also associated with repeat offense status. Findings suggests that civilian risk factors are relevant to veteran risk assessment, an important finding that can help inform intervention and risk management with veterans.

尽管退伍军人的监禁率低于平民，但大型全国性调查发现，与非退伍军人相比，退伍军人的性犯罪监禁率更高。然而，人们对退伍军人中重复性侵犯的相关因素知之甚少。本研究考察了性犯罪退伍军人的特征，以及他们与平民的不同之处。该研究还调查了有重复性侵犯历史的退伍军人和平民之间的因素是否存在差异。根据以往有关退伍军人风险的研究，我们预计可能存在退伍军人特有的风险因素。这项研究使用了州和联邦惩教机构的囚犯调查。通过回顾有关性犯罪风险评估和涉及司法的退伍军人的文献，确定了预测因子。采用logistic回归分析检验危险因素。在多元逻辑回归中，退伍军人身份与年龄、种族和教育程度之间存在显著的交互作用。非性犯罪前科也与重复犯罪有关。研究结果表明，平民风险因素与退伍军人风险评估有关，这一重要发现有助于为退伍军人干预和风险管理提供信息。

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引用次数: 2

The Role Played by Theory of Mind and Empathy in the Feigning of Psychopathology 心理理论与共情在精神病理伪装中的作用

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q2 Nursing

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health

Pub Date : 2021-12-26 DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2021.2007432

Marzia Di Girolamo, Luciano Giromini, Jessica Bosi, L. Warmelink, Ilaria La Scala, Caterina Loiacono, F. Miraglia, A. Zennaro

Abstract In this article, we hypothesized that in order to feign mental illness, one would need to have empathy and be able to understand other’s mental states. To test this hypothesis, we asked 432 healthy volunteers to feign depression, PTSD or schizophrenia while completing a self-report test that measures the severity of the feigned condition’s symptoms and the Inventory of Problems − 29 (IOP-29). Additionally, all participants were administered a theory of mind (ToM) task and an empathy measure with the request to respond truthfully. Results from a series of linear regression models revealed that higher cognitive empathy is associated with increased symptom endorsement on self-report symptom questionnaires and higher ToM abilities are associated with less credible feigned profiles, especially in the case of feigned depression.

摘要在这篇文章中，我们假设为了假装精神疾病，一个人需要有同理心，并且能够理解他人的精神状态。为了验证这一假设，我们让432名健康志愿者假装抑郁症、创伤后应激障碍或精神分裂症，同时完成一项自我报告测试，该测试测量假装症状的严重程度和问题清单-29（IOP-29）。此外，所有参与者都接受了心理理论（ToM）任务和移情测量，要求他们如实回答。一系列线性回归模型的结果显示，较高的认知移情与自我报告症状问卷中症状认可的增加有关，较高的ToM能力与不太可信的假装档案有关，尤其是在假装抑郁的情况下。

引用次数: 6

Attitudes of Forensic Psychiatric Staff to Self-Harm Behaviors of Their Female Patients 法医精神科工作人员对女性患者自残行为的态度

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q2 Nursing

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health

Pub Date : 2021-12-06 DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2021.2009596

Daphné O’Hara, João da Silva Guerreiro, Julie Lefebvre

Abstract The management of self-harm presents a major challenge in correctional and forensic psychiatric services, especially for women offenders, among whom it is reported to be highly prevalent. Even though staff play an important role in managing self-harm, few studies have evaluated their attitudes to this behavior. In order to understand the attitudes of staff to women’s self-harm, 16 staff members working in a forensic psychiatric hospital participated in semi-structured interviews designed to explore their experience in depth. The staff members presented, on the one hand, positive attitudes expressed as empathy, sensitivity, and positive feelings but, on the other hand, negative attitudes expressed in the form of preconceived ideas and negative feelings. Differences were also noted in their perceptions of the seriousness of self-harm. Self-harm behaviors seem to have a considerable impact not only on caregivers, but also on the entire care unit. Our study supports the importance of both professional support and training for staff who are exposed to this type of behavior. Clinical and research implications are discussed.

摘要自我伤害的管理是惩教和法医精神病服务中的一个重大挑战，尤其是对女性罪犯，据报道，这种情况在女性罪犯中非常普遍。尽管员工在管理自残方面发挥着重要作用，但很少有研究评估他们对这种行为的态度。为了了解工作人员对妇女自残的态度，在一家法医精神病院工作的16名工作人员参加了旨在深入探讨其经历的半结构化访谈。工作人员一方面表现出积极的态度，表现为同理心、敏感性和积极的感受，但另一方面表现为先入为主的想法和消极的感受。他们对自残严重性的看法也存在差异。自残行为似乎不仅对照顾者，而且对整个护理单位都有相当大的影响。我们的研究支持专业支持和培训对接触这种行为的员工的重要性。讨论了临床和研究意义。

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引用次数: 0

Are Mentally Disordered Offenders Admitted to Appropriate Secure Settings according to Security Needs? A Cross Sectional Study in Belgium 精神错乱的罪犯是否根据安全需求被允许进入适当的安全环境？比利时的横断面研究

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q2 Nursing

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health

Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2021.2007430

P. Nicaise, D. Bourmorck, Marjolein De Pau, F. Vander Laenen, W. Vanderplasschen, V. Lorant

Abstract Mentally Disordered Offenders (MDOs) who have been declared not criminally responsible for their offense due to their mental condition should be admitted to settings with lowest possible level of security to support their social reintegration. In the context of the reorganization of care for MDOs in Belgium, we assessed the predictors and retrospective appropriateness of 3529 MDO admissions in 2017 according to security needs. Although there was a positive association between the security needs of MDOs and the level of security of the settings to which they were admitted, there was a gap between high and lower security levels. Medium-security settings made up 46% of all admissions, covering a variety of security need profiles. Half the sample of MDOs with high security needs was found in low- and medium-security settings, while a significant proportion of MDOs with low security needs was found in medium-security settings. Clinical characteristics predicted admissions more strongly than custodial characteristics. Decision-makers should refine criteria and procedures for MDOs’ care access. Indeed, the mixed results in relation to admission appropriateness in medium-security services may result from the lack of formal guidelines.

精神障碍罪犯(MDOs)由于其精神状况而被宣布对其犯罪不负刑事责任，应被安置在尽可能低的安全水平的环境中，以支持他们重新融入社会。在比利时MDO护理重组的背景下，我们根据安全需求评估了2017年3529例MDO入院的预测因素和回顾性适当性。尽管MDOs的安全需求与它们被允许的设置的安全级别之间存在正相关关系，但在高安全级别和低安全级别之间存在差距。中等安全设置占所有入学人数的46%，涵盖了各种安全需求概况。具有高安全需求的MDOs样本中有一半是在低和中等安全设置中发现的，而具有低安全需求的MDOs样本中有很大一部分是在中等安全设置中发现的。临床特征比拘留特征更能预测入院情况。决策者应完善医疗服务不良者获得医疗服务的标准和程序。实际上，中等保安服务部门在接纳适当性方面的好坏参半的结果可能是由于缺乏正式的指导方针。

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引用次数: 2

Circumstances Leading to and Characteristics of Belgian Forensic Patients Remitted to Prison 比利时法医病人被收监的原因及特点

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q2 Nursing

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health

Pub Date : 2021-10-21 DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2021.1995085

Louis De Page, S. Godinas, P. Titeca

Abstract In Belgium, when forensic patients infringe their conditional release, they are remitted to prison. Given the poor conditions of detention and the current lack of alternatives, revoking conditional releases has a high impact. However, little is known about which patients are remitted to prison and why. In this article, we compared a sample of remitted patients (n = 50) to a matched control group (n = 48). We found that patients with high actuarial risk factors (as assessed by the Violent Risk Appraisal Guide, VRAG), antisocial personality disorder traits (measured by the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality, CAPP), and substance abuse disorder were more likely to be remitted. New acts of violence and substance abuse are the most prevalent reasons for revoking a conditional release, at 71% and 65%, respectively. The current results are independent of living conditions, and highlight the need for future research regarding this subgroup of forensic patients, who are more likely to be set back in their rehabilitative processes.

摘要在比利时，当法医病人违反有条件释放的规定时，他们会被送进监狱。鉴于拘留条件恶劣，目前缺乏替代方案，撤销有条件释放具有很大影响。然而，人们对哪些病人被送进监狱以及为什么被送进监狱知之甚少。在这篇文章中，我们比较了一个样本的缓解患者（n = 50）与匹配的对照组（n = 48）。我们发现，具有高精算风险因素（根据暴力风险评估指南（VRAG）评估）、反社会人格障碍特征（通过精神病人格综合评估（CAPP）测量）和药物滥用障碍的患者更有可能得到缓解。新的暴力行为和药物滥用是撤销有条件释放的最普遍原因，分别占71%和65%。目前的结果与生活条件无关，并强调了未来对这一法医患者亚组进行研究的必要性，他们更有可能在康复过程中倒退。

引用次数: 3

Exploring Clinician Wellbeing within a Mentalization-Based Treatment Service for Adult Offending Males with Antisocial Personality Disorder in the Community 以心理治疗为基础的社区成年男性反社会人格障碍的临床医生幸福感探讨

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q2 Nursing

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health

Pub Date : 2021-09-18 DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2021.1983087

Aaron Warner, J. Keenan

Abstract Mentalization Based Treatment (MBT) is offered as a potential treatment for clients with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD), however, research suggests that delivering MBT can often present challenges for clinicians. Furthermore, there is agreement that working with clients with ASPD can significantly impact upon staff wellbeing. This project highlights the challenges experienced by clinicians when delivering an MBT service with adult offending males with ASPD within the community. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was conducted following semi-structured interviews with six MBT clinicians. Findings highlight how the challenges of working with clients with ASPD presented a significant threat to clinicians’ professional identity. These challenges were compounded by confusion surrounding the MBT model, lack of support from multidisciplinary staff and insufficient service infrastructure. MBT clinicians’ attempts to overcome these barriers led to them striving and breaching time boundaries, leaving them at risk of burnout. These findings contribute to existing literature surrounding clients with ASPD and provide new insight into implementation barriers when delivering a community based MBT service with this client group.

摘要基于心理的治疗（MBT）是反社会人格障碍（ASPD）患者的一种潜在治疗方法，然而，研究表明，提供MBT往往会给临床医生带来挑战。此外，人们一致认为，与患有ASPD的客户合作会对员工的健康产生重大影响。该项目强调了临床医生在为社区内患有ASPD的成年犯罪男性提供MBT服务时所面临的挑战。解释性现象学分析是在对六名MBT临床医生进行半结构化访谈后进行的。研究结果强调了与ASPD患者合作的挑战如何对临床医生的职业身份构成重大威胁。围绕MBT模式的混乱、缺乏多学科工作人员的支持以及服务基础设施不足，加剧了这些挑战。MBT临床医生试图克服这些障碍，导致他们努力并突破时间界限，使他们面临倦怠的风险。这些发现有助于围绕ASPD客户的现有文献，并为该客户群体提供基于社区的MBT服务时的实施障碍提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 1

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