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Nonmetric sex estimation in a contemporary Indonesian population: a validation study using clinical pelvic MSCT scans. 当代印度尼西亚人口的非测量性别估计:使用临床盆腔 MSCT 扫描进行的验证研究。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03266-4
Ridhwan Lye, Zuzana Obertová, Nur Amelia Bachtiar, Daniel Franklin

Klales et al. (2012) is a popular standard for the estimation of skeletal sex. Since its publication, a number of studies have demonstrated that population-specific applications of Klales improve classification accuracy. However, it has also been shown that age appears to affect the expression of dimorphism in the pelvis across the lifespan. As such, the present study examines the accuracy of Klales, and the modified global standard of Kenyhercz et al. (2017), in a contemporary Indonesian population, including quantifying the effect of age. Pelvic multi-slice CT scans of 378 individuals (213 female; 165 male) were analysed in OsiriX®. Both standards were tested and Indonesian-specific models thereafter derived.When applied to the Indonesian sample, both the Klales and Kenyhercz standards resulted in lower classification accuracy relative to the original studies. In considering the Indonesian-specific models, the ventral arc was the most accurate for the classification of sex, at 93.3% with a - 3.0% sex bias. The accuracy of the three-trait model was 94.4%, with a - 5.5% sex bias. Age was shown to significantly affect the distribution of pelvic trait scores. As such, age-dependent models were also derived, with the standard for individuals between 30 and 49 years the most accurate, at 93.1% and a sex bias of - 4.0%. Accuracy was lower in individuals aged ≥ 50 years, at 91.3% and a sex bias of 4.1%. These findings support the importance of establishing population-specific standards and to facilitate improved accuracy and capabilities for forensic practitioners in Indonesia.

Klales 等人(2012 年)是估计骨骼性别的常用标准。自其发表以来,许多研究表明,针对特定人群应用 Klales 提高了分类的准确性。然而,也有研究表明,年龄似乎会影响骨盆在整个生命周期中的二态性表现。因此,本研究在当代印尼人群中检验了 Klales 和 Kenyhercz 等人(2017 年)修改后的全球标准的准确性,包括量化年龄的影响。OsiriX® 对 378 人(女性 213 人;男性 165 人)的骨盆多层 CT 扫描进行了分析。对两种标准进行了测试,随后得出了印尼特定模型。当应用于印尼样本时,Klales 和 Kenyhercz 标准的分类准确率都低于原始研究。在考虑印尼特定模型时,腹侧弧线的性别分类准确率最高,为 93.3%,性别偏差为 -3.0%。三特征模型的准确率为 94.4%,性别偏差为-5.5%。研究表明,年龄对骨盆特质得分的分布有很大影响。因此,也得出了与年龄相关的模型,其中 30 至 49 岁个体的标准模型准确率最高,为 93.1%,性别偏差为-4.0%。年龄≥50 岁的人的准确率较低,为 91.3%,性别偏差为 4.1%。这些研究结果支持了建立特定人群标准的重要性,并有助于提高印度尼西亚法医从业人员的准确性和能力。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of cooling on biomechanical time since death estimations using ovine brain tissue. 冷却对利用绵羊脑组织估算死亡后生物力学时间的影响
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03267-3
Johann Zwirner, Pavithran Devananthan, Paul D Docherty, Benjamin Ondruschka, Natalia Kabaliuk

The significance of biomechanical analyses for forensic time since death estimations has recently been demonstrated. Previous biomechanical analyses successfully discriminated post-mortem brain tissue from tissue with a post-mortem interval of at least one day when held at 20 °C. However, the practical utility of such analyses beyond day one at 20 °C was limited. This study investigates the storage, loss, and complex shear modulus of various brain regions in sheep stored at 4 °C in 24-hour intervals over four days post-mortem using rheometry tests. The aim is to identify the critical biomechanical tissue property values to predict post-mortem time and assess the temperature sensitivity of the rheometry method by comparing results to recent findings at 20 °C. Thirty sheep brains were examined, including the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, anterior and posterior deep brain, superior colliculi, pons, medulla, and cerebellum. Rheometry tests were conducted, and receiver operator characteristic analyses were employed to establish cut-off values. At 4 °C storage, all investigated biomechanical properties of the examined brain regions remained stable for at least one day post-mortem. Using cerebellar samples stored at 4 °C, a post-mortem interval of at least two days could be determined with excellent diagnostic ability. Complex shear modulus values below 1435 Pa or storage modulus values below 1313 Pa allowed prediction of two or more days post-mortem. Comparisons between 4 °C and 20 °C revealed brain region-specific results. For instance, the complex shear moduli of the anterior deep brain at 4 °C were significantly higher on all individual testing days when compared to 20 °C. In contrast, the combined medulla and pons samples were similar on each day. Rheometry testing of brain tissue consistently stored at 4 °C since death proved valuable for forensic time since death estimations starting from two days after death.

生物力学分析对法医估计死亡时间的重要性最近得到了证实。以前的生物力学分析成功地将死后脑组织与在 20 °C下至少间隔一天的组织区分开来。然而,此类分析在 20 °C下保存一天后的实际效用有限。本研究使用流变仪测试方法,研究了绵羊死后四天内以 24 小时为间隔在 4 °C 下保存的不同脑区的储存、损耗和复合剪切模量。目的是确定关键的生物力学组织属性值,以预测死后时间,并通过将结果与最近在 20 °C 下的研究结果进行比较,评估流变学方法的温度敏感性。研究人员检查了 30 个绵羊大脑,包括额叶、顶叶、大脑前部和后部深部、上丘、脑桥、延髓和小脑。进行了流变学测试,并采用接收器操作者特征分析法确定了临界值。在 4 °C的储存条件下,所有受检脑区的生物力学特性在死后至少一天内都保持稳定。小脑样本在 4 °C下保存,可以确定死后至少两天的间隔时间,诊断能力极强。低于1435帕的复合剪切模量值或低于1313帕的储存模量值可预测死后两天或更长时间。4 °C和20 °C之间的比较显示了特定脑区的结果。例如,与 20 °C相比,4 °C下大脑前深部的复合剪切模量在所有测试日都明显较高。相比之下,髓质和脑桥的组合样本在每一天的测试结果都相似。对死亡后一直保存在 4 ° C 的脑组织进行流变仪测试,证明对法医从死亡后两天开始估算死亡时间很有价值。
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引用次数: 0
Post-mortem to ante-mortem facial image comparison for deceased migrant identification. 死后与死前面部图像对比,用于已故移民身份识别。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03286-0
Caroline Wilkinson, Martina Pizzolato, Danilo De Angelis, Debora Mazzarelli, Annalisa D'Apuzzo, Jessica Ching Liu, Pasquale Poppa, Cristina Cattaneo

The identification of deceased migrants is a global challenge that is exacerbated by migration distance, post-mortem conditions, access to ante-mortem data for comparison, inconsistent international procedures and lack of communication between arrival and origin countries. Due to low technology requirements, fast speed analysis and ease of transferring digital data, facial image comparison is particularly beneficial in those contexts, especially in challenging scenarios when this may be the only initial ante-mortem data available to identify the deceased. The Facial Identification Scientific Working Group (FISWG) professional guidelines for facial image comparison were developed for living facial appearance, and, therefore, a tailored protocol for the application of post-mortem to ante-mortem facial image comparison was proposed and evaluated in this research. The protocol was investigated via an inter-observer and an accuracy study, using 29 forensic cases (2001-2020) from the University of Milan, provided by the Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology and Odontology. In order to replicate a migrant identification scenario, each post-mortem subject was compared to all 29 ante-mortem targets (841 comparisons). The protocol guided the practitioner through stages of facial image comparison, from broad (phase 1) to more detailed (phase 3), eventually leading to a decision of 'exclusion' or 'potential match' for each post-mortem to ante-mortem case (phase 4). In phase 4, a support scale was also utilised to indicate the level of confidence in a potential match. Each post-mortem subject could be recorded with multiple potential matches. The protocol proved to be useful guide for facial image comparison, especially for less experienced practitioners and the inter-observer study suggested good reproducibility. The majority (82-96%) of ante-mortem subjects were excluded at the first stage of the protocol, and 71 full post-mortem to ante-mortem facial image comparisons were carried out. On average, two or three potential matches were recorded for each post-mortem subject. The overall accuracy rate was 85%, with the majority (79%) of ante-mortem non-targets correctly excluded from the identification process. An increased number and quality of available ante-mortem images produced more successful matches with higher levels of support. All potential matches involving non-targets received low levels of support, and for 73% of the post-mortem subjects, the ante-mortem target was the only recorded potential match. However, two ante-mortem targets were incorrectly excluded (one at the first stage of the protocol) and therefore changes to the protocol were implemented to mitigate these errors. A full protocol and a practical recording chart for practitioner use is included with this paper.

已故移民的身份识别是一项全球性挑战,而移民距离、死后条件、用于比对的生前数据的获取、不一致的国际程序以及抵达国和原籍国之间缺乏沟通等因素加剧了这一挑战。由于技术要求低、分析速度快、数字数据传输方便,面部图像比对在这些情况下特别有益,尤其是在具有挑战性的情况下,因为这可能是唯一可用来识别死者身份的初步生前数据。面部识别科学工作组(FISWG)的面部图像比对专业指南是针对活人面部外观而制定的,因此,本研究提出并评估了一个将死后面部图像比对应用于死前面部图像比对的定制协议。研究人员利用米兰大学法医人类学和牙科实验室提供的 29 个法医案例(2001-2020 年),通过观察者之间和准确性研究对该方案进行了调查。为了复制移民鉴定场景,每个死后鉴定对象都与所有 29 个死前鉴定对象进行了比较(841 次比较)。该规程指导从业人员完成面部图像比对的各个阶段,从广泛的(第 1 阶段)到更详细的(第 3 阶段),最终对每个死后与死前案例做出 "排除 "或 "潜在匹配 "的决定(第 4 阶段)。在第 4 阶段,还使用了支持度量表来表示对潜在匹配的信心程度。每个尸检对象都可记录多个潜在匹配结果。事实证明,该方案是面部图像比对的有用指南,尤其是对经验不足的从业人员而言,而且观察者之间的研究表明其具有良好的可重复性。大多数(82%-96%)死前受试者在方案的第一阶段被排除,共进行了 71 次完整的死后与死前面部图像比对。平均而言,每个尸检对象都有两到三个潜在的匹配结果。总体准确率为 85%,其中大多数(79%)生前非目标都被正确排除在识别过程之外。可用的生前图像数量越多、质量越高,匹配成功率越高,支持度越高。所有涉及非目标物的潜在匹配支持度都很低,对于 73% 的尸检对象来说,生前目标物是唯一记录在案的潜在匹配物。然而,有两个生前目标被错误地排除在外(其中一个是在协议的第一阶段),因此我们对协议进行了修改,以减少这些错误。本文附有完整的协议和供从业人员使用的实用记录表。
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引用次数: 0
An atypical case of fatal 'esophageal apoplexy': post-mortem findings and differential diagnosis. 致命性 "食道梗死 "的非典型病例:尸检结果和鉴别诊断。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03280-6
Hans H de Boer, Chris O'Donnell

Forensic pathologists need to have comprehensive knowledge of a large variety of causes of sudden natural death. We describe a case of sudden and unexpected death in woman in her sixties due to rupture of a large paraesophageal hematoma. The post-mortem examination and differential diagnosis are discussed. The combined findings of whole-body post-mortem CT imaging (PMCT), targeted PMCT angiography, autopsy, and histology are most in keeping with 'esophageal apoplexy'; a rare cause of hemorrhage in the esophageal wall. A review of the literature indicates that most cases of esophageal apoplexy are self-limiting and that fatal complications are exceedingly rare. Our case demonstrates that esophageal apoplexy can present as sudden unexpected death.

法医病理学家需要全面了解自然猝死的各种原因。我们描述了一例六十多岁女性因食道旁巨大血肿破裂而意外猝死的病例。我们对尸检和鉴别诊断进行了讨论。全身死后 CT 成像(PMCT)、目标 PMCT 血管造影、尸体解剖和组织学检查的综合结果与 "食管梗死 "最为吻合;"食管梗死 "是食管壁出血的罕见原因。文献综述表明,大多数食管梗死病例都是自限性的,致命的并发症极为罕见。我们的病例表明,食管卒中可表现为意外猝死。
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引用次数: 0
Single-camera photogrammetry using a mobile phone for low-cost documentation of corpses. 使用手机进行单相机摄影测量,以低成本记录尸体。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03271-7
Murilo Sérgio Valente-Aguiar, Osmar Oliveira Nascimento, Talita Lima Castro-Espicalsky, Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira

Photogrammetry is a technique for studying and defining objects' shape, dimension, and position in a three-dimensional space using measurements obtained from two-dimensional photographs. It has gained popularity following the development of computer graphics technologies and has been applied to various branches of medicine. In this study, the authors present a method for low-cost photorealistic documentation of corpses during autopsy using single-camera photogrammetry with a mobile phone. Besides representing the body by demonstrating the injured and non-injured body parts as control, evidencing the body parts on a 3D reconstruction allows easy explanation to nonmedical experts such as lawyers.

摄影测量学是一种利用从二维照片中获得的测量数据来研究和确定物体在三维空间中的形状、尺寸和位置的技术。随着计算机制图技术的发展,这种技术越来越受到人们的青睐,并被应用于医学的各个领域。在本研究中,作者介绍了一种在尸体解剖过程中使用手机单相机摄影测量法对尸体进行低成本逼真记录的方法。除了通过展示受伤和未受伤的身体部位作为对照来表现尸体外,在三维重建上证明身体部位也便于向律师等非医学专家解释。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of alcohol-impaired driving: a systematic review with a gender-driven approach and meta-analysis of gender differences. 酒后驾驶的普遍性:以性别为导向的系统综述和性别差异荟萃分析。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03291-3
Guido Pelletti, Rafael Boscolo-Berto, Laura Anniballi, Arianna Giorgetti, Filippo Pirani, Mara Cavallaro, Luca Giorgini, Paolo Fais, Jennifer Paola Pascali, Susi Pelotti

Background: A growing number of studies investigated the factors that contribute to driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol in relation to gender. However, a gendered approach of the scientific evidence is missing in the literature. To fill this gap, a gender-driven systematic review on real case studies of the last two decades was performed. In addition to the gender of the drivers involved, major independent variables such as the period of recruitment, the type of drivers recruited, and the geographical area where the study was conducted, were examined. Afterwards, a meta-analysis was performed comparing alcohol-positive rates (APR) between male and female drivers in three subgroups of drivers: those involved in road traffic accidents, those randomly tested on the road, and volunteers.

Methods: Three databases were searched for eligible studies in October 2023. Real-case studies reporting APR in man and women convicted for DUI of alcohol worldwide were included. Univariate analysis by ANOVA with post-hoc tests identified the independent variables with a significant impact on the dependent variable APR, according to a relationship subsequently investigated by standard multiple linear regression. The meta-analysis of random effects estimates was performed to investigate the change in overall effect size (measured by Cohen's d standardized mean difference test) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results: Among papers addressing driver gender, univariate analysis of independent variables revealed a higher Alcohol Positive Rate (APR) in men, particularly in drivers involved in crashes, with a noticeable decrease over time. Analyzing the gender of drivers involved in crashes, the meta-analysis showed that men had a significantly higher APR (30.7%; 95%CI 26.8-35.0) compared to women (13.2%; 95%CI 10.7-16.1). However, in drivers randomly tested, there was no significant difference in APR between genders (2.1% for men and 1.4% for women), while in volunteers, there was a statistically significant difference in APR with 3.4% (95%CI 1.5-7.6) for men and 1.1% (95%CI 0.5-2.7) for women.

Conclusion: Despite a progressive decrease in the epidemiological prevalence of alcohol-related DUI over time, this phenomenon remains at worryingly high levels among drivers involved in road traffic accidents in both genders, with a higher prevalence in men. It's important for policymakers, professionals, and scientists to consider gender when planning research, analysis, interventions, and policies related to psychoactive substances, such as alcohol or other licit drugs. Forensic sciences can play a vital role in this regard, enabling a thorough analysis of gender gaps in different populations.

背景:越来越多的研究调查了导致酒后驾驶(DUI)的因素与性别的关系。然而,文献中缺少从性别角度分析科学证据的方法。为了填补这一空白,我们对过去二十年的真实案例研究进行了性别驱动的系统回顾。除了所涉及的驾驶员性别外,还研究了主要的自变量,如招募时间、招募的驾驶员类型和进行研究的地理区域。随后,对男性和女性驾驶员的酒精阳性率(APR)进行了荟萃分析,比较了三个驾驶员亚群:涉及道路交通事故的驾驶员、在道路上接受随机测试的驾驶员和志愿者:方法:在三个数据库中搜索了 2023 年 10 月符合条件的研究。方法:在三个数据库中搜索了 2023 年 10 月符合条件的研究,其中包括报告全球因酒后驾车而被定罪的男性和女性的年平均犯罪率的真实案例研究。通过方差分析和事后检验确定了对因变量APR有显著影响的自变量,这些自变量与因变量之间的关系随后通过标准多元线性回归进行了研究。对随机效应估计值进行了元分析,以研究总体效应大小的变化(通过 Cohen's d 标准均值差异检验)和 95% 的置信区间(CI):在涉及驾驶员性别的论文中,对自变量的单变量分析表明,男性的酒精阳性率(APR)较高,尤其是在涉及车祸的驾驶员中,且随着时间的推移明显下降。在分析参与撞车事故的驾驶员性别时,荟萃分析显示,男性的酒精阳性率(30.7%;95%CI 26.8-35.0)明显高于女性(13.2%;95%CI 10.7-16.1)。然而,在接受随机测试的驾驶员中,性别间的年均死亡率没有明显差异(男性为 2.1%,女性为 1.4%),而在志愿者中,年均死亡率存在显著差异,男性为 3.4%(95%CI 1.5-7.6),女性为 1.1%(95%CI 0.5-2.7):尽管随着时间的推移,与酒精有关的酒后驾车的流行病学流行率逐渐下降,但这一现象在涉及道路交通事故的男女驾驶员中仍处于令人担忧的高水平,男性的流行率更高。政策制定者、专业人士和科学家在规划与精神活性物质(如酒精或其他合法药物)相关的研究、分析、干预措施和政策时,必须考虑到性别因素。在这方面,法医学可以发挥重要作用,对不同人群中的性别差距进行全面分析。
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引用次数: 0
Post-blast histological changes to three animal bones exposed to close-range chemical detonation. 暴露于近距离化学爆炸的三种动物骨骼爆炸后的组织学变化。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03270-8
Bandula Nishshanka, Iranthi Kumarasinghe, Chris Shepherd, Paranitharan Paranirubasingam, Damith Mohotti, Samindi Madhuba Jayawickrama, Randika Ariyarathna

A range of investigative practices to aid explosive-related death investigations currently exist, although the use of histopathological bone samples to diagnose blast exposure and the distance of individuals from the blast source has not been previously reported. Forensic histopathology has been used effectively on soft tissue samples to define blast-related injuries effectively, analysing human organs such as the lungs, brain, liver, and skeletal muscles, providing important and useful forensic pathology interpretations. However, no studies currently exist examining the post-blast histological changes in human or animal bones subjected to blasts for forensic pathology practice, despite the opportunity that hard tissue bone samples present, given their significantly lower rate of decomposition over soft tissue. This study presents the first evidence-based findings on the post-blast histological changes in three animal bones when exposed to close-range chemical detonation (C4). The study's qualitative findings highlight critical changes in the tissue architecture of three different animal bone sources due to blast effects with range from the blast source. This emphasises the potential use of histopathological bone sample analysis in future blast-related death investigations, while providing ideas to further explore this work using larger-scale experiments and post-blast case studies in aid of applying this work to human samples and forensic pathology practice.

目前已有一系列调查方法来协助与爆炸有关的死亡调查,但使用组织病理学骨骼样本来诊断爆炸暴露和个人与爆炸源的距离,以前还没有报道过。法医组织病理学已有效用于软组织样本,以有效界定与爆炸有关的伤害,分析肺、脑、肝和骨骼肌等人体器官,提供重要而有用的法医病理学解释。然而,尽管硬组织骨骼样本的分解率明显低于软组织,为法医病理学实践提供了机会,但目前还没有研究对遭受爆炸的人类或动物骨骼的爆炸后组织学变化进行检查。本研究首次以证据为基础展示了三块动物骨骼在遭受近距离化学爆炸(C4)时发生的爆炸后组织学变化。研究的定性结果突出显示了三种不同动物骨骼来源的组织结构在爆炸效应下随着爆炸源距离的增加而发生的重要变化。这强调了组织病理学骨骼样本分析在未来与爆炸有关的死亡调查中的潜在用途,同时为进一步探索这项工作提供了思路,即利用更大规模的实验和爆炸后案例研究,将这项工作应用到人类样本和法医病理学实践中。
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引用次数: 0
Buprenorphine deaths confirmed by toxicology reveal a low proportion of opioid agonist treatment before death in Finland. 经毒理学证实的丁丙诺啡死亡病例显示,在芬兰,死亡前接受阿片类受体激动剂治疗的比例较低。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03273-5
Claudia Mariottini, Margareeta Häkkinen, Pirkko Kriikku, Ilkka Ojanperä

We studied opioid agonist treatment (OAT) status before buprenorphine-related death in Finland, where buprenorphine is the principal OAT medicine and also the most misused opioid, through a retrospective population-based study using medico-legal cause-of-death investigation and OAT patient records. The study included all death cases (N = 570) between 2018 and 2020 with a buprenorphine or norbuprenorphine finding in post-mortem toxicology and with known drug misuse history or concomitant findings of illicit drugs. Of the deceased, 10% had received OAT in the year before death. Less than 1% of individuals < 25 years had received OAT, whereas the proportion in individuals ≥ 25 years was 13% (p < 0.001). There were significantly more females and more fatal poisonings (p < 0.001) among those < 25 years than among those ≥ 25 years. OAT medication at the time of death was sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone in 74% and subcutaneous buprenorphine in 23%. Except for significantly fewer benzodiazepine findings among those receiving OAT, minimal differences were found in terms of age, gender, cause and manner of death, or concomitant substance use between the deceased in and outside of OAT. Concomitant misuse of benzodiazepines, psychostimulants, alcohol, and gabapentinoids was frequent both in and outside of OAT and likely contributed to the death. These results suggest that access to OAT especially for young people and treatment of multiple addictions should be improved. Comprehensive information from medico-legal cause-of-death investigation as a starting point, combined with subsequent ante-mortem patient records, proved to be a successful approach to shed light on the Finnish scene of buprenorphine mortality.

在芬兰,丁丙诺啡是主要的阿片类受体激动剂(OAT)药物,也是滥用最多的阿片类药物,我们通过一项基于人群的回顾性研究,利用医学-法律死因调查和OAT患者记录,研究了丁丙诺啡相关死亡前的阿片类受体激动剂(OAT)治疗状态。该研究纳入了 2018 年至 2020 年间所有死亡病例(N = 570),这些病例在尸检毒理学中发现了丁丙诺啡或诺丙诺啡,并且已知有药物滥用史或同时发现有非法药物。在死者中,10%的人在死前一年曾接受过 OAT 治疗。不到1%的人
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引用次数: 0
Metabolomics efficiently discriminates monozygotic twins in peripheral blood. 代谢组学可有效区分外周血中的单卵双胞胎。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03269-1
Kuo Zeng, Jiang Du, Yun-Zhou Chen, Dan-Yang Wang, Mao-Ling Sun, Yu-Zhang Li, Dong-Yi Wang, Shu-Han Liu, Xiu-Mei Zhu, Peng Lv, Zhe Du, Kun Liu, Jun Yao

Monozygotic (MZ) twins cannot be distinguished using conventional forensic STR typing because they present identical STR genotypings. However, MZ twins do not always live in the same environment and often have different dietary and other lifestyle habits. Metabolic profiles are deyermined by individual characteristics and are also influenced by the environment in which they live. Therefore, they are potential markers capable of identifying MZ twins. Moreover, the production of proteins varies from organism to organism and is influenced by both the physiological state of the body and the external environment. Hence, we used metabolomics and proteomics to identify metabolites and proteins in peripheral blood to discriminate MZ twins. We identified 1749 known metabolites and 622 proteins in proteomic analysis. The metabolic profiles of four pairs of MZ twins revealed minor differences in intra-MZ twins and major differences in inter-MZ twins. Each pair of MZ twins exhibited distinct characteristics, and four metabolites-methyl picolinate, acesulfame, paraxanthine, and phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid-were observed in all four MZ twin pairs. These four differential exogenous metabolites conincidently show that the different external environments and life styles can be well distinguished by metabolites, considering that twins do not all have the same eating habits and living environments. Moreover, MZ twins showed different protein profiles in serum but not in whole blood. Thus, our results indicate that differential metabolites provide potential biomarkers for the personal identification of MZ twins in forensic medicine.

单卵双生(MZ)双胞胎无法通过传统的法医 STR 分型进行区分,因为他们的 STR 基因分型完全相同。然而,MZ 双胞胎并不总是生活在相同的环境中,而且往往有不同的饮食和其他生活习惯。代谢特征由个体特征决定,同时也受到生活环境的影响。因此,它们是能够识别 MZ 双胞胎的潜在标记物。此外,蛋白质的产生因生物体而异,并受到机体生理状态和外部环境的影响。因此,我们利用代谢组学和蛋白质组学来鉴定外周血中的代谢物和蛋白质,以鉴别 MZ 双胞胎。在蛋白质组学分析中,我们确定了 1749 种已知代谢物和 622 种蛋白质。四对 MZ 双胞胎的代谢图谱显示,MZ 内双胞胎的差异较小,而 MZ 间双胞胎的差异较大。每对 MZ 双胞胎都表现出不同的特征,在所有四对 MZ 双胞胎中都观察到了四种代谢物--吡啶甲酸甲酯、安赛蜜、对羟基黄嘌呤和苯并咪唑磺酸。这四种不同的外源性代谢物不约而同地表明,考虑到双胞胎的饮食习惯和生活环境不尽相同,不同的外部环境和生活方式可以通过代谢物很好地区分开来。此外,MZ 双胞胎在血清中显示出不同的蛋白质谱,但在全血中没有。因此,我们的研究结果表明,不同的代谢物为法医学中MZ双胞胎的个人识别提供了潜在的生物标志物。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring optimal methods for age-at-death estimation using pulp/tooth area ratios: a South African study. 探索利用牙髓/牙齿面积比估算死亡年龄的最佳方法:南非的一项研究。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03360-7
Daniël Kotze, Calvin G Mole, Vincent M Phillips, Victoria E Gibbon

Age-at-death estimation is pivotal in the identification of unknown human decedents in forensic medicine. The pulp/tooth area ratio (PAR) method, assessing pulp cavity size as a marker of secondary dentine apposition, is widely utilised for adult age estimation. Despite extensive evaluation of this technique, the influence of image type and enamel area inclusion on method accuracy is insufficiently explored. The present study evaluated the PAR method's applicability using maxillary canines from a South African cadaveric sample, examining reliability, sex bias, and accuracy across different image types and enamel area considerations. An observational, cross-sectional study design was followed. Fifty-two adult maxillary canines were radiographed, sectioned, and analysed using stereomicroscopy. Labiolingual and mesiodistal periapical radiographs, alongside labiolingual stereomicroscopic tooth section images, were analysed using ImageJ to calculate PARs. Age estimation linear regression models were developed for each image type, with and without enamel area inclusion. Models were compared for performance and accuracy using best-subsets regression and cross-validation analyses. Results indicated that the PAR method is a reliable, sex-independent technique, providing relatively accurate age-at-death estimates for South African adults. Image type significantly influenced accuracy, with tooth section images exhibiting the best/lowest error values, followed by labiolingual and mesiodistal radiographs, respectively. Exclusion of enamel area consistently enhanced model performance across all image types. This study contributes valuable data to the underexplored field of dental age estimation techniques for South African adults, highlighting optimal approaches when applying the PAR method to maxillary canines. Additionally, it introduces a refined stereomicroscopic technique, augmenting and enhancing existing practices.

在法医学中,死亡年龄估计是鉴定未知死者身份的关键。牙髓/牙齿面积比(PAR)方法将评估牙髓腔大小作为继发性牙本质附着的标志,被广泛用于成人年龄估计。尽管对该技术进行了广泛的评估,但对图像类型和包含的釉质面积对方法准确性的影响还没有进行充分的探讨。本研究使用南非尸体样本中的上颌犬齿对 PAR 方法的适用性进行了评估,考察了不同图像类型和釉质面积的可靠性、性别偏差和准确性。本研究采用观察性横断面研究设计。对 52 颗成人上颌犬齿进行了射线照相、切片,并使用体视显微镜进行了分析。使用 ImageJ 分析唇侧和牙中侧根尖周放射线照片以及唇侧立体显微镜牙齿切片图像,计算 PARs。针对每种图像类型,分别建立了包含和不包含釉质面积的年龄估计线性回归模型。使用最佳子集回归和交叉验证分析比较了模型的性能和准确性。结果表明,PAR 方法是一种可靠的、与性别无关的技术,能为南非成年人提供相对准确的死亡年龄估计。图像类型对准确性有很大影响,牙齿切面图像的误差值最佳/最低,其次分别是唇侧和齿中X光片。在所有图像类型中,剔除釉质区域始终能提高模型性能。这项研究为南非成人牙科年龄估计技术这一探索不足的领域提供了宝贵的数据,突出了将 PAR 方法应用于上颌犬齿时的最佳方法。此外,它还介绍了一种改进的体视显微镜技术,以加强和改进现有的实践。
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International Journal of Legal Medicine
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