International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction最新文献

Mood modification is widely considered a motive of social networking site (SNS) use, especially among problematic users, but few empirical studies on this topic have been published. The present study aims to investigate the impacts of boredom on craving, behavioural inhibition and SNS usage for users at greater and lesser risk of “addiction”. One hundred fourteen undergraduate students (85.09% female) were presented with either a boredom-inducing or control manipulation in this experiment. Following this mood induction, participants completed a Go/No-Go task modified with control and SNS-related visual cues. Participants were then presented with an unexpected, real-world boring situation, and SNS use during this period was noted. Subjective levels of craving and boredom were measured throughout the experiment. Findings demonstrate that users may view SNS as a mood modifier in the sense that craving was found to increase following experiences of boredom, and bored participants were more likely to use SNS during a waiting period. However, no differences were found between participants based upon risk of SNS addiction. These findings demonstrate that the typical experiential pattern found within addiction of dysphoric mood, enhanced craving and usage may simply be, in the context of SNS, a behavioural pattern of modern life.

We report prevalence estimates of single, dual, and poly tobacco product use and the associated factors in 18 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) countries (2015–2021). We computed the number of tobacco products currently consumed (daily or non-daily) by survey participants using GATS microdata. County-level weighted prevalence rates of single, dual (any two), and poly (more than two) tobacco product users were calculated. Demographic, socioeconomic, and tobacco control-related factors associated with single, dual, and poly use were tested using multi-level multinomial regression analyses. Single (4.3–31.5%), dual(0.2–4.3%), and poly (0–0.8%) use varied across 18 countries. Smoke-free homes, knowledge about and exposure to information on the dangers of tobacco, and health warnings were associated with dual and poly use. Findings suggest the need for monitoring dual and poly use as new tobacco products emerge and provide leads to smoke-free policies and health promotion interventions to improve tobacco control.

This study offers a model for using multidimensional growth mixture models to identify polysubstance use trajectories by examining transitions among conjoint substance use trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood and exploring potential moderators that may facilitate transitions towards healthier substance use trajectories in young adulthood. Longitudinal mixture modeling was used to examine six waves of data collected during adolescence (ages 13, 14, 15) and young adulthood (ages 25, 29, 31) in Seattle, Washington. Data were drawn from the International Youth Development Study, a longitudinal, cross-national study examining the life course patterns of substance use and development among youth. Participants (N = 961) completed questionnaires on six occasions that assessed demographics (sex, race, highest parent education), suspension and expulsion, individual substance use, partner substance use, and social role transitions (education, marriage, childbearing, employment). Four substance use classes were identified in adolescence and included low use (n = 572, 59.6%), alcohol dominant (n = 177, 18.4%), increasing use (n = 103, 10.7%), and poly-use (n = 109, 11.3%). Five substance use classes were identified in young adulthood and included low use (n = 134, 15.3%), alcohol only (n = 349, 39.8%), alcohol and tobacco (n = 97, 11.0%), alcohol and cannabis (n = 162, 18.5%), and poly-use (n = 135, 15.4%). The transition from adolescence to young adulthood showed the strongest continuity in the poly-use class and the weakest in the low use class, with a general trend toward adding substances rather than reducing them. College graduation moderated the transition in substance use patterns from adolescence to young adulthood for low use and alcohol dominant adolescent classes but not for the poly-use class. Delays in adult role assumptions were not consistently associated with substance use classes during this transition. However, where significant, delayed marriage and parenthood acted as protective factors against the progression of substance use leading into young adulthood. The findings underscore the need for early detection and tailored prevention efforts among adolescents. By identifying pivotal periods and specific substance use patterns, these findings inform the timing and focus of targeted interventions designed to reduce the escalation of substance use leading into young adulthood.

Young Hispanics are at greater risk of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use compared to non-Hispanic individuals. A lack of a consistent theoretical framework in ENDS research warrants assessing ENDS use from a socioecological approach. Hispanic college students (N = 761; 76.2% female) completed a survey of ENDS use and potentially related sociocultural and behavioral constructs. A logistic regression model indicated that the Attitudinal Familism Scale (AFS) Subjugation of Self for Family, tobacco and cannabis ever use, Comparison of E-Cigarettes and Cigarettes General Benefits were significant predictors of ENDS ever use. A linear regression model indicated that monthly ENDS use was positively associated with AFS Familial Support, monthly cannabis use, Negative Consequences, and the E-cigarette Dependence Scale and negatively associated with monthly alcohol use. Cessation efforts may wish to focus on family support for health-promoting behaviors, reducing dual use of cigarettes and cannabis, and addressing the impact of nicotine dependence.

Studies examining the relationship between locus of control (LoC; i.e., the extent to which individuals believe they have control over their lives) and psychotic symptoms in both clinical and non-clinical samples did not take cannabis use into account. Understanding the role of cannabis in this relationship is important to inform prevention efforts. To contribute to the field, this study aimed to test the hypothesis that past-year cannabis use frequency moderates the association between LoC and psychotic experiences (PEs). This study has a cross-sectional design. A self-administered online questionnaire was adopted to collect data from participants, using the snowball sampling method. The questionnaire included a section on sociodemographic information, and the three following measures: the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief, the Internal–External Locus of Control Short Scale-4, and a 7-point single-item scale to assess past-year cannabis use frequency. A total of 475 young adult lifetime cannabis users from Tunisia (age range 18–35 years, with a mean age of 26.87 ± 3.90 years and 44.2% females), with no history of psychotic disorders and/or antipsychotics intake, were included. After controlling for potential confounders (age, marital status, education level, living arrangement, region of living, tobacco and alcohol use, household crowding index, and personal history of psychiatric illness), moderation analyses showed that past-year cannabis use moderated the association between external LoC and PEs (beta = .10; t = 2.29; p = .022; 95% CI 01; .18). At moderate (beta = .64; p < .001) and high (beta = .74; p < .001) levels of cannabis use, higher external LoC was significantly associated with more severe PEs. No moderating role was found for internal LoC. Findings suggest that among young adults who have a more externally oriented LoC, moderate- to high-frequency past-year cannabis users are more likely to exhibit greater PEs. Therefore, more attention should be directed towards this group of individuals in the context of early intervention programs. Future longitudinal studies in different cultural contexts and more representative samples are still required to confirm the present findings.

Background

Fentanyl use in the Midwest is rising, and there is data to suggest that this is a particular area of concern among sexual and gender minorities assigned male at birth (SGM-AMABs). However, little is known about intentional and non-intentional use among this population. The goal of this study was to document rates of fentanyl use and associated indicators (e.g., mode of administration) among a cohort of SGM-AMABs.

Method

Participants (N = 924) were drawn from the RADAR cohort study of SGM-AMABs recruited from the Chicago metropolitan area. All cohort members were designated male at birth and were required to be a sexual minority (i.e., individuals who are gay, bisexual, queer; have same-sex attraction/behavior; or endorse another non-heterosexual identity), a gender minority (i.e., individuals who are transgender, nonbinary, or another non-cisgender identity), or both. All participants completed a urine drug screen as well as self-report items regarding fentanyl use, mode of administration, opioid use, injection history, and overdose via REDCap survey instrument.

Results

Of the 924 total participants, 0.3% (N = 3) self-reported fentanyl use, and 0.5% (N = 5) tested reactive via urine drug screen for fentanyl. Other substances of use were relatively common, and self-report fentanyl use was non-overlapping with urine drug screens for fentanyl.

Conclusions

Although preliminary, these analyses suggest that fentanyl exposure is rare in this population. However, better screening methods to identify those who are using fentanyl by other modalities—including unintentional use—may be warranted.

Substance use disorder, labelled a chronic relapse condition by the WHO, remains challenging to address with limited progress in effective relapse prevention measures. Scientific evaluation is hindered by cost, but an opportunity arises in the German forensic psychiatric setting governed by § 64 of the German criminal code. Here, patients undergo two-year multi-modal therapy followed by up to five years of supervised oversight post-release. This retrospective study analyzed legal and medical records, revealing key determinants of relapse, including emotional stress, social activities, personality disorder diagnosis, inpatient treatment relapse, age at first conviction, and loss of motivation. Surprisingly, social factors like family and work status, living situation at discharge, and dialectical behavioral therapy during admission showed no impact, nor did index crime type. Polysubstance use, except for cannabinoids and psychostimulants other than cocaine, increased relapse probability. Multiple inpatient pretreatments were insignificant predictors. A generalized linear model highlighted substance use during inpatient treatment, personality disorder, and previous convictions as most central predictors of post-discharge relapse, challenging conventional notions and informing effective substance use disorder management.

Diagnoses of adult ADHD and substance use disorder (SUD) have been increased recently, but no treatment guideline is available in the U.S. This study aims to (a) assess the association between central nervous system (CNS) stimulant users and their first SUD diagnosis and (b) examine the impact of CNS stimulant use on health resource utilization (HRU). We conducted a retrospective study using electronic health records. Cox and negative binomial regression models were utilized to examine the association between CNS stimulant use and incidence of SUD and HRU, respectively. A total of 28,540 ADHD patients were mostly White (96.3%) and between 18 and 44 years old (79.7%). The CNS stimulant users were less likely to develop a SUD (HR = 0.86 [0.81–0.91], p < 0.05) and took longer days to develop a SUD (1462 days vs 1077 days) and utilized fewer inpatient and emergency room services. (IRR = 0.90 [0.86–0.95], 0.82 [0.78–0.85], respectively, p < 0.05). Our findings emphasize the need for assessment and treatment of adults with ADHD to mitigate the risk of developing SUD.

We conducted a household survey among 6061 adults in Lesotho to (1) assess the prevalence of moderate/severe mental health (MH) and substance use (SU) problems (2) describe the MH and SU service cascades, and (3) assess predictors of MH and SU problem awareness (i.e., awareness of having a MH/SU problem that requires treatment). Moderate/severe MH or SU problems was reported between 0.7% for anxiety in the past 2 weeks to 36.4% for alcohol use in the past 3 months. The awareness and treatment gaps were high for both MH (62% awareness gap; 82% treatment gap) and SU (89% awareness gap; 95% treatment gap). Individuals with higher than the median household wealth had lower MH and SU problem awareness and those living in urban settings had greater SU problem awareness. Research should investigate how to increase population awareness of MH/SU problems to reduce the burden of these conditions in this setting.

Little is known about the efficacy and effectiveness of the Unified Protocol for Emotional Disorders in group format. A systematic review of the research of this intervention (UP) was conducted, and a meta-analysis of the efficacy and effectiveness was made. We searched for studies in the databases Web of Science, PubMed, PsycInfo, PSICODOC, Scholar Google, EBSCOhost, SpringerLink, and Sage Publications. We used a fixed effects model. Effect sizes were measured using Hedges’ g (adjusted), and heterogeneity was calculated using Cochran’s Q and I2. The psychological variables on which we assessed the effect of the intervention were anxiety and depressive symptoms, positive and negative affect, quality of life, and social adjustment. We located 115 studies that applied the UP, including 7 studies for the efficacy analysis (randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies) and 24 for the effectiveness analysis (RCT and non-RCT studies). The analyses suggest that the UP presents high efficacy reducing anxiety (1.29) and depressive (1.54) symptoms, as well as high effectiveness in decreasing negative affect (0.78), anxiety (1.08), and depressive (1.02) symptoms and increasing quality of life (1.01), social adjustment (0.62), and positive affect (0.59). We found heterogeneity in the analyses performed. This heterogeneity could be explained by the differences between the heterogeneous studies and the rest of the studies. The UP in group format for adults represents a highly effective and efficient alternative for treating emotional problems.