International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction最新文献

Previous studies have observed the protective effects of alcohol and the deleterious effects of smoking on chronic pain in the general population. Interestingly, alcohol and smoking were negatively associated with the severity and status of depression and anxiety. Meanwhile, depression and anxiety are associated with an increased perception of pain severity. However, little is known regarding the associations of alcohol and smoking with chronic pain in people with depression and anxiety. Depression was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Anxiety was measured with items based on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). We used logistic and liner regression models to examine associations between smoking, alcohol consumption, and 8 pain phenotypes, including (1) headache; (2) facial pain; (3) neck or shoulder pain; (4) back pain; (5) stomach or abdominal pain; (6) hip pain; (7) knee pain; and (8) multisite chronic pain. Additionally, we did subgroup analysis in the non-depression and anxiety groups and comorbid anxiety-depression group to test if there were differences. Our results found that alcohol consumption was negatively associated with headache in depression group (odds ratio (OR) = 0.71, P = 0.007), which was also found in anxiety group (OR = 0.63, P = 0.002), comorbid anxiety and depression group (OR = 0.68, P = 0.025), and non-depression and anxiety group (OR = 0.72, P = 0.002). We observed that smoking was positively associated with back pain in depression group (OR = 1.14, P = 0.016) and mild to moderate depression group (OR = 1.13, P = 0.049). Also, positive associations of smoking with hip pain were found in the anxiety group (OR = 1.37, P = 0.001) and comorbid anxiety and depression group (OR = 1.31, P = 0.022). Our research indicated that for participants with depression and anxiety, alcohol consumption was negatively associated with most of the pain phenotypes, while smoking was positively associated with most of the 8 pain phenotypes.

Recovery Colleges (RCs) are mental health learning communities, operated in 28 countries across cultures. However, the RC operational model is informed by Western countries sharing similar cultural characteristics such as individualism and short-term orientation. How RC operational model needs to be adapted to non-Western culture remains unknown. We investigated how RCs are introduced to the public in two countries with contrasting cultural characteristics: Japan (collectivism, long-term) and England (individualism, short-term). Corpus-based discourse analysis on 22,827 words from promotional texts (13 RCs in Japan, 61 in England) revealed that both countries emphasised mental illness lived experiences. In Japan, the focus was on the relational and long-term aspects of recovery. In England, the focus was on personal learning and skill acquisition. People attending RCs in Japan may anticipate experiencing collectivistic and long-term elements, which are viewed unfavourably in the operational model. Findings suggest refinements to the operational model to include under-represented cultural characteristics.

Gambling to escape is often purported to play a central role in the maintenance of problem gambling. However, the strength and consistency this association is unknown. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to explore the association between gambling to escape and problem gambling. The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database and protocols were developed and published studies were searched until May 2024. The PRISMA standards were adopted for screening and extraction of relevant data. Twenty-seven studies that measured gambling motives, reasons, or expectancies, related to escape, using validated multiple item measures, were included. Positive associations were found between gambling to escape and problem gambling, and this association remained after controlling for the effect of gambling for financial gain. Additional subgroup analyses were conducted to test the stability of the association by escape measure. Although the magnitude of the positive association changed depending on the scales used, the positive relationship held. The findings support the contention that problem gambling is at least, in part, maintained by the escape afforded by gambling—indicating the importance considering the emotion focused reasons in the design of initiative to reduce problem gambling behaviours.

This study compares the developmental course of cannabis use in adolescents with versus without an immigrant background. Data came from a Swiss prospective-longitudinal cohort study (n = 1445) with nine assessments between ages 7 and 24. Parents reported their immigration history; adolescents self-reported their past-year cannabis use five times between ages 13 (in 2011) and 24 years (in 2022). Latent growth curve models revealed a curvilinear increase in cannabis use, with a peak at age 20. Adolescents whose parents had immigrated showed a less steep increase in cannabis use during adolescence and a lower cumulative prevalence of cannabis use by age 24. Specific cultural and religious backgrounds were linked with lower odds of cannabis use. Interventions in early adolescence need to consider immigration, cultural, and religious backgrounds.

Tobacco-cannabis co-use is more common than exclusive cannabis use and is linked to more severe tobacco and cannabis health consequences. We assessed trends and predictors of tobacco-cannabis co-use and their link to future substance use problems and severity among Black and Hispanic adolescent and young adult (AYA) females living in New York City. Secondary data were analyzed from a 7-year (2013–2020) prospective open cohort study conducted at Mount Sinai Adolescent Health Center in New York City (n = 1281). Participants completed questionnaires every 6 months, and self-reported information on use of smoked tobacco, cannabis, and blunts/spliffs; sexual risk behaviors; depressive symptoms; and other substance use. Regression analyses examined initiation and frequency of past 30-day co-use and risk of future substance use severity. Age-adjusted prevalence of past 30-day cannabis use increased from 46.5% in 2013–2014 to 59.0% in 2019–2020, while past 30-day tobacco smoking declined from 22.1 to 6.1%. After accounting for blunt/spliff use, any use of tobacco increased from 31.6% in 2013–2014 to 39.6% in 2019–2020. Co-consumers were more likely to meet criteria for clinical depression (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.12–1.61) and have same-sex (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.03–1.76) and/or multiple male sex partners (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.23–1.71). Those who used blunts/spliffs frequently or rarely had higher risk profiles for problematic substance use. Tobacco-cannabis co-use, particularly blunt use, appears to drive increasing prevalence of cannabis use, sustain overall rates of tobacco use, and predicts substance use problems among inner-city Black and Hispanic AYA females, independent of other factors.

Psychiatric and substance use disorders frequently coexist and require co-management, yet little is known about the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among patients maintained on medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in Ukraine. We analyzed baseline data from a cluster-randomized trial of an integrated model of depression diagnosis and treatment among MOUD patients in Ukraine to determine prevalence and correlates of depression and bipolar disorder in this population. From a randomly selected sample of 1345 patients on MOUD at 12 sites in Ukraine, screening for moderate/severe depression (PHQ-9) and bipolar disorder (MDQ) yielded high prevalence of 50% (95% CI 42–58%) and 12% (95% CI 8–16%), respectively. Correlates of depression included recent drug injection, worse physical health, shorter duration on MOUD, higher methadone dosages, and stigma levels, being unmarried and having low trust in physicians. Bipolar disorder was correlated with alcohol use disorder and prior incarceration. The high burden of mental health disorders among patients prescribed MOUD in Ukraine calls for the urgent implementation of models to address co-occurring disorders, including those using integrated care strategies.

This scoping review mapped the extant research literature examining stigma towards people living with co-occurring schizophrenia spectrum and substance use disorders (SZSUD). Five online databases were searched for research published before September 2023. Eighteen relevant studies were identified, including six from the perspective of people living with SZSUD and 12 exploring public stigma towards the conditions. The majority of studies (n = 11) explored stigma from care providers, including healthcare, mental healthcare, and addiction clinicians and carers. In general, responses to people living with SZSUD were more negative than towards people living with either condition alone. People living with SZSUD identified numerous challenges associated with experienced, anticipated, internalised, and perceived stigma. Additional research is required to determine the extent and scope of the stigma faced by people living with SZSUD and how stigma manifests in other types of interpersonal relationships. Implications and additional recommendations for future research are discussed.

This study examines the process of implementing One-at-a-Time (OAAT; i.e., single-session) therapy into child and youth addiction and mental health services in New Brunswick. The implementation process was retrospectively mapped onto implementation science frameworks. Providers were recruited to participate in research associated with the system change, and completed surveys to assess readiness for implementation. Client satisfaction and system-outcomes were measured through surveys and system indicators, respectively. Key implementation considerations included age of consent for services, implementation within an integrated service delivery model, and mapping the client journey to conceptualize changes in service delivery. Providers (N = 214) felt that OAAT therapy was acceptable and appropriate to implement into practice, and would lead to observable short-term outcomes. During the implementation (April–December 2022), 2266 sessions were delivered, resulting in a 62% waitlist reduction. Most clients who completed the satisfaction survey (N = 518) reported benefit. This study elucidates the successful implementation of OAAT therapy for children and youth, and can serve as a heuristic for comparable practice change initiatives.

Suicide is one of the most important public health problems. The implementation of suicide prevention strategies depends on the region, available resources, willingness of stakeholders, and policies. This study considers the strategy of Castilla y León (CyL) in Spain designing Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to aid suicide prevention. Evaluating these technologies will allow us to explore the needs of patients with suicidal behavior and with their feedback to improve the proposed technological design oriented to be a complement within clinical practice. A qualitative study has been chosen using a focus group of patients who used this tool during 2022. Applying ICT in a simple, transparent, and safe way to the daily life of patients with suicidal behavior is a challenge and a continuous evolution when facing a follow-up by means of a complementary tool. For this reason, it was necessary to carry out an evaluation with the target users telling us—“Because we (users) know what we feel”—in this type of tools. The evaluation results indicate that patients are satisfied, the application is easy to use (when they are not in crisis), and they make suggestions to improve the proposed design. The main recommendations for patients with suicidal behavior are as follows: (1) a mood tracker that allows them to write down why they feel this way; (2) friendly language; (3) suggest more activities for when they feel bad, such as mindfulness, talking to other people, doing sports activities, and other activities that can motivate them; (4) the need for the application to be more attractive to the user; (5) sociability option (creating a community to share and build support network among them). E-health solutions to prevent suicide are challenging and promising. Setting clear and realistic aims as well as improving user interface (UI), user experience (UX), and acceptability are critical for adoption of such applications. Involving patients in its development and design is an important aspect. We believe that it is possible to develop innovative apps that improve treatment adherence in this field, despite the stigma surrounding suicide. Crisis management is important in this type of patients and its accompaniment, and more attention should be paid to this area.

A major worldwide health concern is mental health issues, which highlights the importance of early identification and intervention. In this paper, the effectiveness of two new hybrid classifiers is examined and compared to traditional machine learning techniques. Our study presents a novel hybrid classifier framework that combines Decision Trees with k-Nearest Neighbors (Hybrid_1) and Random Forest with Neural Networks (Hybrid_2). We do a detailed study with an emphasis on customized feature engineering techniques for mental health evaluation utilizing this novel fusion technique. The results of the experiments conducted on the Mental_health.csv dataset show how well the hybrid classifiers work; accuracy rates of 86.69% and 93.54%, respectively, for (DT + kNN) and (RF + NN) is attained. The aforementioned results highlight the potential of hybrid classifiers to improve mental health prediction and highlight the importance of feature engineering in optimizing predictive models. By combining Decision Trees with k-Nearest Neighbors and Random Forests with Neural Networks, respectively, our hybrid classifiers, Hybrid_1 and Hybrid_2, surpass current techniques and mark a breakthrough in the prediction of mental health. Our hybrids take advantage of the complimentary capabilities of various algorithms, in contrast to traditional techniques that could have trouble with complex feature connections or be less flexible when working with different datasets. In addition to showcasing the potential of hybrid classifiers in mental health assessment, our results offer insightful information on feature selection and model explainability, furthering our understanding of this important area.