International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction最新文献

Social context plays an important role in alcohol consumption. While most studies focus on explicit social drinking norms, this study aimed to (1) develop an implicit social attunement (ISA) task to experimentally assess how willingness to drink alcohol is affected by social alcohol drinking (SAD), social non-alcohol drinking (SNAD), and social non-drinking (SND) settings and peer feedback on willingness to drink in these settings, and (2) assess how ISA is associated with explicit social attunement, age, alcohol use and related problems. Participants (N = 506) aged 16–60 years completed the ISA task and questionnaires assessing alcohol use and alcohol use–related problems, age, and explicit social attunement online. Willingness to drink was highest in the SAD setting (SAD: M(SD) = 5.70 (2.68); SNAD: M(SD) = 4.03 (2.20); SND: M(SD) = 2.02 (1.30)) and—regardless of social setting—lower peer willingness to drink induced higher ISA than higher peer willingness to drink (SAD: t(325) = − 2.929, p = .035; SNAD: t(325) = − 2.888 p = .036; SND: t(325) = − 6.764, p < .001). Higher ISA to higher peer willingness in the SAD (r = .15, p = .001) and SNAD (r = .11, p = .011) settings was associated with higher alcohol use and related problems, while higher ISA to lower peer willingness in the SND setting was associated with lower alcohol use and related problems (r = − .18, p = .002) and recent alcohol use (standard drinks: r = − .14, p = .011; binge drinking days: r = − .16, p = .005). Explicit social attunement, but not ISA, mediated the association between lower age and higher alcohol use and related problems (b = − .013, p = .009). Results indicate that peer feedback can be a protective or risk factor for alcohol use, depending on the social setting. Future studies are needed to elucidate differences between implicit and explicit social attunement behaviors in their associations with age and alcohol use and related problems.

Alcohol’s harm to others (AHTO) is a growing concern globally. Yet research in Asia, especially among multi-ethnic populations, remains scarce. This cross-sectional study utilized national population data from the Health and Lifestyle Survey, and aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with AHTO in Singapore. Among 6465 respondents, findings revealed a lower prevalence of reported harm from others’ drinking (9.6%) compared to Western countries. Notably, young people (aged 15–34 years); ethnic minorities (Indians and Malays); individuals who are separated, divorced, or widowed; and victims who are drinkers themselves (whether light or hazardous drinking) were more susceptible to AHTO. These results underscore the need for targeted interventions and policies to mitigate AHTO, considering its impact on individuals’ health, well-being, and societal costs. This study contributes to the understanding of AHTO in a Southeast Asian context, informing public health strategies to address alcohol-related harms beyond the drinker.

We aimed to identify interventions for college students’ harmful cannabis use in the United States (U.S.) and determine whether (and what type of) additional randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are needed. We conducted a scoping review of RCTs of individual-focused cannabis interventions for U.S. college students. Database searches yielded 13 RCTs—seven interventions were effective. Effective interventions typically comprised one session, representing various modalities and intervention types (e.g., personalized feedback interventions [PFIs]; brief motivational interventions [BMIs]), and reduced frequency of cannabis use or consequences in the target population across variable follow-up periods. Single-session PFIs and BMIs that engage subgroups reporting cannabis-related consequences may be effective. There is a need for a tool like the College Alcohol Intervention Matrix, but focused on cannabis prevention, to increase the dissemination and uptake of effective, evidence-based strategies. Researchers are called on to fill gaps and strengthen content within a possible College Cannabis Intervention Matrix (149/150).

Substance use disorder treatment faces challenges such as dropout, relapse, and readmission. This study aims to identify factors associated with readmission and those influencing dropout among dual diagnosis (DD) patients (those with both a substance use disorder and another psychiatric disorder) attending outpatient addiction centers. Retrospective cohort study using the electronic health records of 8383 outpatients diagnosed with DD. Bivariate analysis and regression analysis were applied to control for the variables. Age, incarceration for 30 days prior to admission, and specific patterns of consumption increased the likelihood of readmission. Specifically, individuals who reported no substance use in the 30 days before admission or those diagnosed with an opioid or cocaine use disorder were particularly susceptible to readmission. Of the dual diagnoses, patients with personality disorders were more likely to be readmitted. In relation to dropout, opioid dependence and frequency of use were associated with a higher probability of dropout. Patients with poorer adherence to treatment and previous readmissions were also more likely to drop out. Enhancing treatment adherence and reducing dropout and readmission rates poses a challenge in managing patients with DD. Leveraging electronic health records offers enhanced ecological validity concerning the outpatient treatment requirements for such patients. Therapeutic adherence, alongside specific sociodemographic variables and consumption patterns, emerges as pivotal factors in this context. Identifying and understanding these variables facilitates the customization of outpatient treatment strategies to better meet the needs of patients with comorbidities.

Individuals with co-occurring psychiatric and substance use disorders (COD) face challenges, including accessing treatment, accurate diagnoses, and effective treatment for both disorders. This study aimed to develop a COD prediction model by examining the intersectionality of COD with race/ethnicity, age, gender identity, pandemic year, and behavioral health needs and strengths. Individuals aged 18 or older who participated in publicly funded behavioral health services (N = 22,629) were selected. Participants completed at least two Adult Needs and Strengths Assessments during 2019 and 2020, respectively. A chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree analysis was conducted to identify patterns that increased the likelihood of having COD. Among the decision tree analysis predictors, Involvement in Recovery emerged as the most critical factor influencing COD, with a predictor importance value (PIV) of 0.46. Other factors like Legal Involvement (PIV = 0.12), Decision-Making (PIV = 0.12), Parental/Caregiver Role (PIV = 0.11), Other Self-Harm (PIV = 0.10), and Criminal Behavior (PIV = 0.09) had progressively lower PIVs. Age, gender, race/ethnicity, and pandemic year did not show statistically significant associations with COD. The CHAID decision tree analysis provided insights into the dynamics of COD. It revealed that legal involvement played a crucial role in treatment engagement. Individuals with legal challenges were less likely to be involved in treatment. Individuals with COD displayed more complex behavioral health needs that significantly impaired their functioning compared to individuals with psychiatric disorders to inform the development of targeted interventions.

We characterized overdose prevalence and its correlates among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran. Our analysis included 2618 PWID with a recent history of drug injection, recruited from 11 cities across Iran using a respondent-driven sampling approach. The primary outcome was a lifetime history of drug-related non-fatal overdose. The nation-wide lifetime prevalence of overdose among PWID was 21.7%, with considerable variations across different cities. In the multivariable analysis, older age, being men, history of homelessness, younger age at injection initiation, recent stimulant injection, recent non-prescribed benzodiazepine use, lifetime suicide attempt, and HIV sero-positivity were positively associated with a history of non-fatal overdose. Our findings underscore the need for comprehensive and tailored approaches to overdose prevention and treatment in Iran, including increased access to take-home naloxone for PWID. The diverse risk profiles of PWID should also be considered in the development of substance use harm reduction policies in Iran, reflecting their varied needs in terms of mental, physical, and social well-being.

Consumption of E-cigarettes has increased worldwide. Despite this, there is still a lack of data about the use of E-cigarettes in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). This study uses data from the 2019 National Adolescent School-based Health Survey, which encompasses a nationally representative sample of 125,997 Brazilian adolescents. The prevalence of E-cigarette use was 17.14%. Through the use of logistic regression models, we found an association between the use of E-cigarettes and being male, having other ethnicities than Black or mixed races, as well as lifetime use of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs. These findings improve the understanding of E-cigarette use in LMIC populations and direct the path for future research.

Policymakers planning to implement evidence-based programs (e.g., harm reduction therapy) to address opioid-related overdoses and deaths may benefit from a better understanding of the community’s vulnerability and deprivation in the United States (US). A cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the association between quintiles of the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and Social Deprivation Index (SDI) with the opioid dispensing rate (number per 100 persons) in 2020. Data sources on opioid dispensing rate and SVI were derived from the Centers for Disease Control Prevention, and SDI was derived from the Robert Graham Center. A total of 3069 US counties were included for analysis. In our study, counties with higher quintiles (more vulnerability or deprivation) were significantly associated with a higher incidence of opioid dispensing rate. These findings may inform policymakers to adopt implementation strategies that are tailored to the community’s vulnerability and deprivation to maximize the effectiveness of evidence-based programs.

This study examines longitudinal behaviour change in six key lifestyle behaviours—sleep, physical activity (PA), sedentary recreational screen time, diet, alcohol use, and tobacco use—and associations with mental health in a large study of Australian adolescents. Change between baseline (M_age = 12.7, N = 6,639) and 3-year follow up (M_age = 15.7, N = 4445) was investigated. Generalised linear mixed effects regressions modelled associations between behaviour change and later psychological distress score adjusting for baseline behaviours, baseline psychological distress, social determinants, and school clustering. Changes over time in each of the behaviours were significantly associated with later psychological distress, whereby health-promoting behaviours were associated with reduced psychological distress and vice versa. When all behaviour changes were modelled together, significant effects remained for sleep, PA, vegetable consumption, junk food and SSB consumption, alcohol, and tobacco use. Results highlight the potential benefits of behaviour modification to reduce the progression of psychological distress in adolescence.