International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction最新文献

This study examined differences in quit attempts, 1-month quit success, and vaping status at follow-up among a cohort of 3709 daily smokers with and without depression, anxiety, and regular alcohol use who participated in both the 2018 and 2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV) Surveys. At baseline, a survey with validated screening tools was used to classify respondents as having no, or one or more of the following: 1) depression, 2) anxiety, and 3) regular alcohol use. Multivariable adjusted regression analyses were used to examine whether baseline (2018) self-report conditions were associated with quit attempts; quit success; and vaping status by follow-up (2020). Results showed that respondents who reported depressive symptoms were more likely than those without to have made a quit attempt (aOR=1.32, 95% CI:1.03-1.70, p=0.03), but were less likely to have quit (aOR=0.55, 95% CI:0.34-0.89, p=0.01). There were no differences in quit attempts or quit success between those with and without self-reported anxiety diagnoses or regular alcohol use. Among successful quitters, respondents with baseline depressive symptoms and self-reported anxiety diagnoses were more likely than those without to report vaping at follow-up (aOR=2.58, 95% CI:1.16-5.74, p=0.02, and aOR=3.35 95% CI:1.14-9.87, p=0.03). In summary, it appears that smokers with depression are motivated to quit smoking but were less likely to manage to stay quit, and more likely to be vaping if successfully quit. As smoking rates are higher among people with mental health conditions, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to identify these vulnerable groups and offer tailored smoking cessation support and continued support during their quit attempt.

Objective: Efforts to prevent opioid overdose mortality have rapidly expanded, including community-based distribution of naloxone to laypeople. In turn, responding to the opioid overdose crisis has increasingly fallen on the shoulders of community laypeople. Yet, little attention has been given to studying the mental health consequences of responding to an opioid overdose for community laypeople. This study examined emotion dysregulation as a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) stemming from opioid overdose responding among community laypeople.

Methods: Participants were 80 community laypeople who had responded to an opioid overdose (M _age = 39.10, 59.5% women, 86.3% white).

Results: Elevated emotion dysregulation was found in community laypeople with versus without PTSD stemming from opioid overdose responding. Limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies was uniquely associated with PTSD stemming from opioid overdose responding.

Conclusions: Opioid overdose trainings may benefit from the addition of trauma first aid to bolster emotion regulation skills.

This study aims to uncover distinctive patterns in weight control methods within latent classes among Korean adolescents. It explores how substance use (i.e., alcohol, traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products) and mental health (i.e., stress, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation) impact each class. Using the cross-sectional secondary dataset from the 2022 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which includes 26,942 Korean adolescents, latent class analysis categorizes weight control methods into three groups: “Class 1: Medication-Centered Weight Control Group,” “Class 2: Diet-Centered Group,” and “Class 3: Holistic Approach to Diet and Exercise Group.” The results indicate that substance use and mental health challenges both increase the risk of medication-centered or diet-centered weight control practices in male adolescents. In contrast, only mental health challenges heighten the risk in female adolescents. This study contributes to a more profound comprehension of the intricate relationship between substance use, mental health, and weight control practices in Korean adolescents.

There is growing public interest in the use of hallucinogens to manage mental health symptoms (i.e., medicinal hallucinogen use). Yet, limited research has examined the correlates of hallucinogen use for self-described medicinal purposes––an important gap given that self-medication may confer increased risk for harm. Accordingly, this study examined the demographic, mental health, and substance use correlates of medicinal hallucinogen use relative to no hallucinogen use and to exclusively recreational hallucinogen use. Adults reporting no hallucinogen use (n = 4837), medicinal hallucinogen use (n = 110), and exclusively recreational hallucinogen use (n = 240) were recruited from across Canada via Prolific and from six Canadian universities. Participants completed an online questionnaire assessing demographic characteristics, mental health, hallucinogen use, and other substance use. Logistic regression analyses showed that greater depression severity; more frequent use of alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine; and using several illegal and prescription drugs were associated with an increased likelihood of medicinal hallucinogen use relative to no hallucinogen use. Greater depression severity was also associated with an increased likelihood of medicinal hallucinogen use relative to exclusively recreational hallucinogen use. Further, participants who used hallucinogens for medicinal reasons reported more frequent hallucinogen use relative to those who used hallucinogens for exclusively recreational reasons. Results suggest that poorer mental health and greater use of other substances differentiate people who use hallucinogens for medicinal reasons from people who do not use hallucinogens or who use hallucinogens for exclusively recreational reasons. Further, medicinal hallucinogen use, relative to exclusively recreational hallucinogen use, is associated with using hallucinogens more frequently. Findings may inform targeted preventive and harm reduction interventions for hallucinogen use.

Rapid assessment for alcohol use in clinical practice and research is key to improved health and study participation. We assessed the correlation between Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score and responses from a single question on frequency of alcohol use among people living in fishing communities of Uganda. Four hundred nineteen participants screened for a simulated vaccine efficacy trial completed the AUDIT and single question. Spearman’s correlation coefficients compared the two tools. There was significant correlation between the AUDIT score and the single question (rho = 0.824, P < 0.001). The single question can be used as an alternative to the full AUDIT during screening.

Coping and enhancement motives are theoretically implicated in the risks associated with compulsive buying, yet there is a paucity of empirical support. The current study aimed to (1) develop and validate a psychometrically sound measure of coping and enhancement buying motives and (2) assess the unique association of coping/enhancement buying motives with Yi and Baumgartner’s (2023) four dimensions of compulsive buying. Two samples collected by online panel companies were used for measurement development (N = 859) and for validity and hypothesis testing (N = 1157). A seven-item Affective Buying Motives Questionnaire (ABMQ) consisting of coping and enhancement motives was supported. Path analyses identified coping motives as a stronger positive predictor of the financial and interpersonal problems dimensions of compulsive buying. However, both motives were equivalent positive predictors of the excessive buying and phenomenology of pathological buying dimensions of compulsive buying. Our findings point to the unique compulsive buying risks associated with the coping and enhancement motives of buying.

The diverging trends of decreasing alcohol use and increasing anxiety symptoms among adolescents raise a question, has the strength of the well-known association between these issues also changed. This study examined changes in the co-occurrence and associations between heavy episodic drinking (HED) and generalized anxiety (GA) among Finnish adolescents between 2013 and 2023. From the repeated cross-sectional Finnish School Health Promotion Study (N = 874 110, age 13–20 years) we estimated self-reported GA symptoms and HED. The proportion of those with both HED and moderate to severe GA increased from 2.9% in 2013 to 3.6% in 2023, indicating a 21.5% relative difference. The association between GA symptoms and HED was stable during the study period (ORs 1.06–1.07). Although the association has been stable, there has been a rise in the proportion of adolescents experiencing both conditions concurrently over the past decade. This calls for strengthening the integration of mental health and substance use prevention and services.

Adolescents’ access to alcohol has been associated with a higher risk of harmful use in the future. In this study, we aimed to identify latent class patterns of how Brazilian adolescents access alcohol, including parental supply, friends supply, other person supply, home access, and purchase. We examined the prospective association between these access methods and alcohol-related harms and binge drinking over 9 months of follow-up. We leveraged data via anonymous questionnaires at baseline and 9 months of follow-up from 1149 8th-grade students (mean age 13.4 years, 56.83% girls) across 37 public schools in three Brazilian cities, allocated to the control arm of the #Tamojunto 2.0 program. Four classes of access to alcohol emerged: (1) “low access to alcohol” (67%), (2) “friend supply only” (16%), (3) “purchase only” (14%), and (4) “high access to alcohol” (3%). Adolescents with low access to alcohol were less likely to engage in other access methods. Friends were the main source of alcohol. The more sources of access, the greater the alcohol-related harms. Policies and interventions should focus on targeted prevention programs that address common alcohol access methods among adolescents.

The period immediately following residential substance use disorder (SUD) treatment is characterized by high rates of return to substance use. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly prevalent among individuals in residential SUD treatment and is a primary motive for substance use among individuals with co-occurring PTSD and SUD. Addressing important gaps in the literature, the current study examined the role of PTSD severity on days of substance use during the 30 days immediately following residential SUD treatment over and above demographic, SUD, and clinical factors associated with return to substance use. Participants (N = 65, M_age = 40.6, 52% women, 79% white) completed semi-structured diagnostic interviews for PTSD and SUD and self-report measures of demographics and depression while in residential SUD treatment (approximately one week before discharge), and then a follow-up assessment (timeline follow-back for substance use) approximately one month after discharge. Greater PTSD severity was associated with more days of substance use in the 30 days immediately following residential SUD treatment over and above demographic (i.e., race/ethnicity, gender, employment, housing insecurity), SUD (i.e., alcohol, stimulant, opioid, cannabis, and sedative/hypnotic/anxiolytic use disorder severity), and clinical (i.e., depression severity) factors. Findings underscore the importance of PTSD assessment and intervention during residential SUD treatment and re-entry planning to assist in mitigating return to substance use during community reintegration.

Physical activity (PA) positively impacts mental health by reducing psychological distress (PD), while cannabis use can increase PD. This study investigates the moderating effect of physical activity (PA) on the relationship between the frequency of past 90-day cannabis use (CU) and psychological distress (PD) among college students, using data from the American College Health Association’s National College Health Assessment III surveys (2019–2023). We explored the following research questions: (1) Does PA moderate the relationship between CU and PD? (2) How do different levels of PA influence PD and CU? The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) measured PD, and CU was categorized as never, once-monthly, and weekly-daily. Three PA measures (hours of moderate and vigorous activity, and days of strength training) were used in a Two-Step Cluster analysis to group participants by PA level. The study included 157,880 students from 127 universities, predominantly aged 18–29, biologically female, and non-Hispanic white. CU frequency was linked to increased PD, but higher PA levels were associated with lower PD. The interaction between PA and CU was significant, indicating PA moderates CU’s impact on PD. The study’s findings suggest that PA may serve as a protective factor against PD associated with CU. Public health strategies could incorporate PA as a harms reduction approach for cannabis users, particularly targeting college students who may be at high risk for PD. Future research should further explore the mechanisms underlying the moderating effect of physical activity and expand these findings to more diverse populations.