International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction最新文献

As part of a multilayered scoping review, we assessed literature on prevention and management interventions for racial/ethnic minorities in the United States (US) who non-medically use prescription opioids and/or who use illicit opioids such as heroin. The review specifically focused on access to and uptake of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and harm reduction resources. We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature and governmental reports published between January 2000 and August 2024 on patterns of access to, and acceptability and utilization of, overdose prevention and opioid use management resources among racial/ethnic minorities in the US. Searches were conducted on Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, with us examining studies on the uptake of MOUD, such as buprenorphine and methadone, syringe services programs (SSPs), safe consumption sites, and harm reduction resources like naloxone (used to reverse overdoses) and fentanyl test strips (used to test for the presence of fentanyl in drug supplies). Additionally, we sought to identify and describe existing interventions for opioid use prevention and management that have expressly incorporated cultural adaptations related to racial/ethnic minorities’ specific needs and preferences in an effort to improve participants' sense of salience and acceptability and thus enhance utilization. We further endeavored to leverage this scoping review towards the development of research and intervention guidelines contoured to improve future scholarship and programming with these populations. The existing evidence suggests that racial/ethnic minorities in the US, specifically Black individuals, have diminished access to and/or utilization of preventive and management resources and amenities such as buprenorphine and naloxone, owing to structural deficits, provider bias, socioeconomic obstacles, geographic barriers, and communal stigma and distrust. Black individuals, relative to White individuals, also appear less likely to report using SSPs to obtain syringes and related resources, but across racial groups, those who used SSPs were more likely to be trained in, possess, and/or use naloxone. Further, there have been very few culturally tailored interventions for harm reduction or MOUD; there were limited data across the reviewed works on Native American/Indigenous or Asian populations; and the broader body of literature lacks methodological rigor. We close by proposing a cultural humility-focused model for better meeting the complex needs of these populations through research and primary and secondary intervention.

Worldwide estimates of the prevalence of online gaming disorder (OGD) and online sports betting addiction (OSBA) have become exceedingly high, particularly among young people. The objective of this study was to compare the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of treatment-seeking patients for these mental health disorders. The sample included n = 495 patients (n = 108 OGD and n = 387 OSBA) recruited from a tertiary care unit specialized in the treatment of behavioral addictions. Sociodemographic variables, psychopathologic state, impulsivity, emotion regulation, substances, and personality traits were assessed and compared between both these diagnostic subtypes. The prevalence for OGD was 3.82% and for OSBA was 13.01% among the whole sample of n = 3,036 patients. Compared with OGD, OSBA presented a profile characterized by a greater proportion of non-single men with higher levels of education, employed, and of higher socioeconomic status. OSBA was also characterized by older chronological age, later age of onset of the addictive behaviors, worse psychopathology state (greater likelihood of depression and anxiety), higher impulsivity, and higher substance use. The personality profile related to OSBA presented higher novelty seeking, reward dependence and persistence, and lower harm avoidance. Despite the similarities between OGD and OSBA, and even though both behaviors could be perceived by the general population as low-risk leisure activities (as opposed to other gambling types, such as casinos or slot machines), the differences in the clinical profiles should be considered in efforts to improve assessment tools and specialized intervention plans.

The meta-analysis integrated research on associations of contents of alcohol outcome expectancies (AOE) with alcohol use in adolescents and emerging adults. A systematic search in the electronic databases PsycInfo, Medline, Psyndex, and Web of Science identified 558 studies with 494,116 individuals (mean age 17.92, SD = 3.04) that were included in multi-level meta-analysis. AOE about pleasure and social enhancement showed the strongest concurrent associations with alcohol use (r = .33 and r = .29, respectively). Among negative AOE, only expectancies about negative alcohol effects on self-perception were related to lower consumption. Longitudinal analyses indicated reciprocal determinism of AOE and alcohol use. Associations of AOE and drinking were moderated by age, gender, and heavy/binge drinking status. We conclude that social and pleasure-related expectancies are especially relevant targets of prevention and intervention and that expectancies of adolescents and of heavy/binge drinkers should be, in particular, addressed in expectancy-challenging interventions.

The aim of this study is to perform an explorative analysis of potential risk and protective factors for overt and covert suicidal behaviors in a large sample of subjects with Impulse Control Disorder (ICD) and to assess the association between both domains. This is a cross-sectional study with all patients looking for treatment for any ICD, between 1998 and 2019. A total of 2,788 patients with ICD were interviewed at day 0 of treatment with structured and non-structured psychiatric interview. Several multiple regression analyses were performed in order to access potential risk and protective factors for these behaviors. The association between overt and covert suicidal behavior was highly significant (χ2[1] = 164.5, p < 0.001), with an odds ratio of 3.5. In all regression models, we found the nuclei of suicide risk factors of social vulnerability, mental disorder related vulnerability and personality/individual related vulnerability. Our study highlights the importance of including covert suicidal behavior measures when assessing a patient with potential suicidal risk.

Problematic short-form video use (PSVU) has been a concern for the public. However, it is unclear whether there is an imbalance between goal-directed and habitual action control systems in problematic short-form video users (PSVUs). This study recruited 30 PSVUs (20 females, 10 males; 20.50 ± 1.76 years old) and 28 healthy controls (19 females, 9 males; 20.29 ± 2.21 years old) to investigate the effect of PSVU on the imbalance of the dual system. The contingency degradation paradigm and go/no-go task were applied. Compared to controls, PSVUs exhibited a stubborn ratio score during task structure transitions and a lower accuracy rate in no-go trials. Moreover, the accuracy rate fully mediated the relationship between the frequency of short-form video use and ratio scores, highlighting such imbalance in PSVUs, along with inhibitory control deficits as a mediator. The findings indicated PSVUs’ insensitivity to task structure transition, and the inhibitory control deficits might exacerbate the habitual behavior, contributing to a better understanding of PSVUs from a dual system perspective.

Social phobia has often been associated with problematic social media use (PSMU) and problematic smartphone use (PSU). Studies have also shown an association between social phobia and self-esteem. However, no studies have analyzed the relationship between social phobia, self-esteem, PSMU, and PSU in an integrated model. The present study hypothesized that social phobia may influence PSMU and PSU through the role of self-esteem. A cross-sectional study comprising 400 Italians (74.75% female) with a mean age of 37.11 years (SD = ± 10.83) participated in the study that included Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, Severity Measure for Social Phobia Disorder, and Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale. The results indicated direct positive associations between social phobia and both types of problematic technology use (PSMU and PSU). The results also indicated that self-esteem was a partial mediator in this complex relationship, suggesting that excessive technology use could be a way to compensate for low self-esteem among individuals with social phobia. The present study contributes to the understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying the relationship between social anxiety, self-esteem, and problematic technology use.

The aim of this study was to examine underlying patterns of substances detected among accidental acute toxicity deaths in Canada and their associations with sociodemographic characteristics, location, and substance use and health history. Data abstracted from coroner and medical examiner files for all accidental acute toxicity deaths across Canada (2016 to 2017) were analyzed. Six classes emerged from a latent class analysis conducted to characterize detected substance classes: (1) cocaine and alcohol, (2) benzodiazepines and other pharmaceutical substances, (3) pharmaceutical opioids, (4) multiple pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical substances, (5) methamphetamine and fentanyl or analogues, and (6) fentanyl or analogues. Differences were identified between latent classes by sex, age, marital status, location of death, place of residence, and substance use and health history. Patterns of detected substances among deaths characterized in this study emphasize the complex nature of substance-related acute toxicity deaths across Canada and can inform future research and public health action.

This study aimed to determine the relationships between mental health problems and IGD in children and adolescents from a school-based cohort in Korea. A total of 2319 family dyads were enrolled at baseline and followed up at 12 and 24 months. At baseline, parent’s face-to-face interviews were performed by trained laypersons using the DISC-IV to detect children’s mental health problems. Children’s IGD status was confirmed through face-to-face interviews using the Diagnostic Interview for Internet Gaming Addiction (DIA) at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. To estimate the probability of IGD over time, we used longitudinal generalized estimating equation regression of the baseline, 12-, and 24-month outcomes into a single model. Of 2319 participants, 94 (4.1%) were classified as having a mental health problem at baseline. During the two follow-up visits, 115 (5.0%) participants were clinically diagnosed with IGD at least once. Any diagnosis of mental health problems was associated with increased odds of IGD over a 2-year period after adjusting for potential confounders (aOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.11–4.53, p = 0.025). These findings suggest that mental health concerns may precede IGD and that addressing psychological concerns could be a promising approach in interventions for IGD among children and adolescents.

Exercise addiction has been investigated for almost half a decade in well over 1000 published papers. Studies adopt different terminologies like exercise addiction, overexercise, exercise dependence, compulsive exercise, obligatory exercise, and the like to refer to the same concept while creating conceptual confusion and rendering cross-study comparability challenging. The paradox is that fewer than ten research articles cover cases of clinical significance, yielding an extremely high ratio of publications to problematic cases. While there is evidence that significantly more clinically attention-meriting cases might exist, they surface in clinical practice rather than research settings. It is also peculiar that scholars search for a common path or shared etiology for exercise addiction, while each case, like those in substance use disorder, is unique, as also predicted by clinical models. Furthermore, the survey method uses scales yielding risk scores without diagnostic value. Most research in this direction, therefore, seems to be futile. Thus, it is not surprising that more than 10 years ago, the panel editing the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) found insufficient evidence for exercise addiction being a mental dysfunction. As a result, exercise addiction has no clinical diagnostic criteria. This position paper aims to identify conceptual and methodological research barriers that hinder progress in this field, ultimately calling for a paradigm shift toward more productive research. In conclusion, the position of this paper is that most currently used research methodologies on exercise addiction are unsatisfactory and, consequently, a paradigm shift is urgently needed.

Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is a significant mental health concern. This cross-sectional study tested the indirect effects of childhood maltreatment on distress tolerance, neuroticism, and IGD symptoms in a sample of 475 young adult daily gamers (ages 18–25). We hypothesized the direct effects of childhood maltreatment on distress tolerance and IGD symptoms and an indirect effect of childhood maltreatment on IGD symptoms via distress tolerance. Significant direct effects from trait neuroticism to IGD symptoms were expected; trait neuroticism was hypothesized to strengthen the relationship between distress tolerance and IGD symptoms. No paths were freed post hoc. The results supported all hypothesized direct effects except neuroticism on IGD; the indirect effect of childhood maltreatment via distress tolerance was also supported. As expected, the effect of distress tolerance on IGD symptoms was moderated by neuroticism, particularly at low and average levels of neuroticism. The manuscript discusses our findings in greater detail, and treatment recommendations are offered.