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Gender Differential in the Intensity of Adoption of Oil Palm Processing Technology in South West,Nigeria 尼日利亚西南部油棕加工技术采用程度的性别差异
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47440/jafe.2022.3202
A. Bankole, SF Arifalo
This research work investigated gender differential in the intensityof adoption of processing technology in South West, Nigeria. The primary data used for this research were collected using questionnaire. Multistage sampling method was used to pick 320, comprising of 160 each of both males and females oil palm processors.The information collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and double hurdle model. The findings of the study revealed that many of the male (89.2%) and female (89.6%) processors had knowledge of improved technology of processing oil palm. Also,77.4% and 89.0% of the both male and female processors, respectively uses the digester, semi mechanized method of processing. The impact of extension services was not really felt in the study area as only few (4.3% and 2.2%) of the male and female processors respectively sourced their information through extension agents. The Double Hurdle Model results revealed that factors affecting adoption of the oil palm processing technology were education, access to finance, extension services, association, and experience of the female respondents while for the male respondents it includes education, extension services and experience. The outcome of the second hurdle model showed that factors affecting the intensity or adoption rate of technology among the female were extension services, level of education, access to finance and experience while for male respondents were level of education, extension services and memberships of association. Therefore, one can deduce that most of the processors in the area of study were not privileged to benefit from extension education and training. This might have negative impact in their enterprise and as well deny them in terms of information and innovative technologies to take good decisions that will increase their production level. Extension service is a paramount factor influencing adoption of technology and adoption rate of processing technology by both male and female genders. It is therefore recommended that government should provide extension services for processors in South west, Nigeria to increase level of acceptability of processing technology.
本研究调查了尼日利亚西南部采用加工技术强度的性别差异。本研究的主要数据采用问卷调查的方式收集。采用多阶段抽样方法,共抽取320人,其中男、女油棕加工者各160人。采用描述性统计和双栏模型对收集到的信息进行分析。研究结果显示,许多男性(89.2%)和女性(89.6%)加工者对油棕加工技术的改进有所了解。此外,77.4%和89.0%的男、女加工商分别采用沼气池半机械化方式进行加工。研究区域并未真正感受到推广服务的影响,因为只有少数(4.3%和2.2%)的男性和女性加工者分别通过推广代理获取信息。双重障碍模型结果显示,影响油棕加工技术采用的因素包括女性受访者的教育程度、获得资金、推广服务、协会和经验,而男性受访者的影响因素包括教育程度、推广服务和经验。第二个障碍模型的结果表明,影响女性受访者对技术的接受程度或采用率的因素是推广服务、教育水平、获得资金的途径和经验,而影响男性受访者的因素是教育水平、推广服务和协会会员资格。因此,人们可以推断,研究领域的大多数加工者没有特权从推广教育和培训中受益。这可能会对他们的企业产生负面影响,也会使他们在信息和创新技术方面无法做出正确的决策,从而提高他们的生产水平。推广服务是影响技术采用率和加工技术采用率的最重要因素。因此,建议政府为尼日利亚西南部的加工者提供推广服务,以提高加工技术的可接受程度。
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引用次数: 0
Prediction and Standardization of Relative Emergence and Seed Vigour in Rice (Oryza sativaL.) Through Radicle Emergence Analysis 水稻(Oryza sativaL.)相对出苗率和种子活力的预测与标准化通过根茎涌现分析
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47440/jafe.2022.3107
Hoque Mn, Islam Mz, Zohura Ft, M. ́n, R. M, Biswas B
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引用次数: 0
Estrus Synchronization in Black Bengal Goat Using Synthetic Progesterone 合成黄体酮对黑孟加拉山羊发情同步的影响
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47440/jafe.2022.3106
K. A, Hoque Sam, Ali My, Khandoker Mamy
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引用次数: 0
Use of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in stone mastic asphalt 废弃聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)在石胶泥沥青中的应用
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47440/jafe.2022.3305
Naoshin A, M. Z., Islam Mr, Jolly Fa
Re-use of waste materials Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) in industrial construction projects such as road pavement can be an effective method of waste management. This study aimed at evaluating the performance of Stone Mastic Asphalt containing 6%, 8%, and 10% waste PET. In this experiment, gravel as coarse aggregate, river sand as fine aggregate, shredded waste PET, and bituminous pitch as binding material were used for making polymer-modified asphalt samples. The study also dealt with the determination of the physical and mechanical properties of the cylindrical samples and compared them with the conventional asphalt samples. The test result shows that the density decreased with the increase in the percentage of waste PET and the maximum 10% addition of waste PET with conventional asphalt resulted in a 3% reduction in density. Percentage water absorption at 0% PET was 2.21% which increased with the increase in the percentage of waste PET and a maximum 10% addition of waste PET resulted in a 13% increase in water absorption. A maximum of 10% addition of PET in the mixture causes 30% reduction in tensile strength. It was identified that the tensile strength ratio (TSR) of the mixtures decreased with the addition of waste PET and Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) values were above 70% which denoted that all mixes might have enough resistance against damage caused by moisture. However, the usage of waste PET in asphalt could be effective for low-density bituminous pavements and surfaces. So, this method could be the best option for recycling waste PET and thus could contribute to reducing the waste materials from the environment.
将废旧材料聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)再利用于工业建设项目,如道路铺装,是一种有效的废物管理方法。本研究旨在评价含6%、8%和10%废PET的石胶泥沥青的性能。本实验以砾石为粗骨料,河砂为细骨料,废PET粉碎,沥青沥青为粘结材料,制备聚合物改性沥青样品。研究还对圆柱形沥青样品的物理力学性能进行了测定,并与常规沥青样品进行了比较。试验结果表明,随着废PET掺量的增加,密度降低,常规沥青中废PET掺量最多为10%,密度降低3%。0% PET时吸水率为2.21%,随废PET掺量的增加而增加,废PET掺量最大为10%时吸水率增加13%。在混合物中最多添加10%的PET会导致拉伸强度降低30%。结果表明,随着废PET的加入,混合料的抗拉强度比(TSR)降低,且TSR值均在70%以上,表明混合料具有足够的抗湿损伤能力。然而,在沥青中使用废PET对低密度沥青路面和表面是有效的。因此,这种方法可能是回收废弃PET的最佳选择,从而有助于减少环境中的废物。
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引用次数: 0
Role of Income Generating Activities in Empowering Rural Women of Bangladesh 创收活动在赋予孟加拉国农村妇女权力方面的作用
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47440/jafe.2022.3403
Akter T, Nishat Sm, Jolly Fa
In Bangladesh, women in rural regions are largely responsible for agricultural production, food security, and household upkeep. This study was carried out to examine the variables affecting the income of rural women, gauge women's empowerment, and pinpointthe main issues they confront. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected through a pre-tested interview schedule from sixty women involved with income-generating activities. The multistage sampling procedure was used, and primary data were collected from Mymensingh Sadar, Muktagacha, and Bhaluka Upazila of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh from April to June 2021. Tabular analysis, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method, Women Empowerment Index (WEI), and Problem Confrontation Index (PCI) were usedfor data analysis. The result shows that family size, farm size, work experience, and availability of credit have a significant positive influence on rural women's income. The estimated value of the WEI of the respondents is 1.23 which implies that women are empowered in the study area. Their capacity for decision-making has gradually enhanced as they are involved in income-generating activities.The major concerns faced by rural women include lack of capital, training facilities, credit availability and proper education, the higher price of the input, high-interest rates, etc. However, the survey still shows that rural women's involvement in income-generating activities has improved their quality of life more than at any prior point in the past.
在孟加拉国,农村地区的妇女主要负责农业生产、粮食安全和家务。本研究的目的是检查影响农村妇女收入的变量,衡量妇女赋权,并查明她们面临的主要问题。定量和定性数据是通过预先测试的采访时间表从60名参与创收活动的妇女中收集的。采用了多阶段抽样程序,并于2021年4月至6月在孟加拉国Mymensingh地区的Mymensingh Sadar、Muktagacha和Bhaluka Upazila收集了原始数据。采用表格分析、普通最小二乘法(OLS)、妇女赋权指数(WEI)和问题对抗指数(PCI)进行数据分析。结果表明,家庭规模、农场规模、工作经验和信贷可得性对农村妇女的收入有显著的正向影响。被调查者的WEI的估计值为1.23,这意味着女性在研究领域被赋予了权力。由于她们参与创收活动,她们的决策能力逐渐得到加强。农村妇女面临的主要问题包括缺乏资金、培训设施、信贷和适当教育、投入价格较高、利率高等等。然而,调查仍然表明,农村妇女参与创收活动比以往任何时候都更能提高她们的生活质量。
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引用次数: 0
Biochemical and Bacteriological Changes in Salt-Dried Bujuri Tengra (Mystus tengara) During Storage in Different Packaging Conditions 不同包装条件下盐干藤茸的生化和细菌学变化
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47440/jafe.2022.3109
Hossain Mi, Shikha Fh, M. Mmh, Hoque Mn
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of Dried Plantain Marketing in Akure-North Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria 尼日利亚Ondo州Akure-North地方政府地区干大蕉市场评估
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47440/jafe.2022.3204
Aiyejuyo OO, Olalere IT, Bello MA, Ayoola RO, Bello J
Despite the numerous prospects and potentials that the marketing of plantain and its products holds, studies seem not to have existed on the marketing of dried plantain in Nigeria. Although several researches have been conducted to examine the economics of plantain processing and marketing, there appears to be a paucity of knowledge with respect to dried plantain marketing. It is on this premise that this study assess the marketing of dried plantain in Akure-North Local government of Ondo State, Nigeria. Specific objectives of the study include: examining the market structure and conduct of dried plantain market, estimating the profitability of dried plantain marketing, identifying the factors that influence the profitability of dried plantain marketing and identifying the various constraints militating against dried plantain marketing. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select one hundred respondents in the study area and well-structured questionnaires were administered to collect relevant data. Gini-coefficient, regression analysis and gross margin analysis were used to analyse the data collected for the study. The results from the analysis showed that 58% of the marketers were within their economic productive age. About 54% of the marketers were females and a total of 65% were married. Analysis revealed that the dried plantain market was dominated by retailers which accounted for 50% of the marketers. A Gini-coefficient of 0.6 is an indication of high-level concentration in dried plantain market and an unequal income distribution among the marketers. The profitability analysis revealedfurther that dried plantain marketing is worthwhile with an average profitof ₦24,730 per month and a return of 18% or ₦0.18, for every ₦1 invested. The significant profitability determinants identified from the regression analysis include purchase cost and transportation cost involved in dried plantain marketing. The constraints faced by dried plantain marketers in the study area include irregular supply, low demand, transportation challenges, high cost of supply and perishability of the product. This study, therefore, recommended the need for government and relevant stakeholders to address infrastructural challenges such as bad roads. We also recommended that the marketers should form cooperative society to facilitate their marketing operations and also enable them to have access to credits and expand their business
尽管大蕉及其产品的营销具有许多前景和潜力,但尼日利亚似乎没有对干大蕉的营销进行研究。虽然已经进行了几项研究,以检查大蕉加工和销售的经济学,但似乎缺乏有关干大蕉销售的知识。正是在这个前提下,本研究评估了干芭蕉在尼日利亚翁多州阿库尔-北地方政府的销售情况。本研究的具体目标包括:考察干车前草市场的市场结构和行为,估计干车前草营销的盈利能力,确定影响干车前草营销盈利能力的因素,确定阻碍干车前草营销的各种制约因素。采用多阶段抽样的方法,在研究区域内抽取100名调查对象,并采用结构合理的问卷收集相关数据。采用基尼系数、回归分析和毛利率分析对收集到的数据进行分析。分析结果显示,58%的营销人员处于经济生产年龄。约54%的营销人员是女性,65%的营销人员已婚。分析显示,干车前草市场以零售商为主,占营销商的50%。若基尼系数为0.6,则表明干车前草市场集中度高,营销商收入分配不平等。盈利能力分析进一步表明,干芭蕉营销是值得的,平均每月可获得24,730奈拉的利润,每投入1奈拉,可获得18%或0.18奈拉的回报。从回归分析中确定的显著盈利决定因素包括购买成本和运输成本,涉及干芭蕉营销。在研究区域,干芭蕉营销商面临的限制包括供应不规律、需求低、运输困难、供应成本高和产品易腐烂。因此,这项研究建议政府和相关利益相关者需要解决基础设施方面的挑战,如糟糕的道路。我们还建议营销商组成合作社,以方便他们的营销活动,并使他们能够获得信贷和扩大业务
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引用次数: 0
Effects of micronutrients on growth and yield of potato 微量元素对马铃薯生长和产量的影响
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47440/jafe.2022.3312
Rashid Mha, Islam Mr, Hossain Mm
A field experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Farm of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effects of micronutrients and their methods of application on growth and yield of potato cv. Diamant during the period from November 2019 to March 2020. The experiment consisted of two factors, Factor A: Two methods of micronutrient application viz., M1= Basal and M2= Foliar, and Factor B: Four levels of micronutrients viz., T0= control treatment, T1= Boron (B) @ 2 kg/ha, T2= Zinc (Zn) @ 3 kg/ha, T3= B @ 2 kg/ha + Zn @ 3 kg/ha. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Result of the experiment revealed that application method and different levels of micronutrients alone or in combination significantly influenced all the parameters studied. The highest tuber yield (3.53 t/ha) was obtained with foliar application and the lowest was found from basal application. On the other hand the highest tuber yield (4.56 t/ha) was obtained when B + Zn @ 2 kg B/ha + 3 kg Zn/ha was applied and the lowest was recorded from control treatment. Among the treatment combinations, foliar application of micronutrients along with combined treatment of B + Zn @ 2 kg/ha + 3 kg/ha produced the maximum tuber yield (4.89 t/ha) while the lowest was obtained from the control treatment. Therefore, foliar application method along with the combined treatment of boron plus zinc was found to be better in respect of growth and yield of potato.
在孟加拉国农业大学Mymensingh园艺农场进行了一项田间试验,以评价微量营养素及其施用方法对马铃薯生长和产量的影响。2019年11月至2020年3月期间的钻石。试验设2个因子:因子A: 2种微量元素施用方式,即M1=基面,M2=叶面;因子B: 4种微量元素施用方式,即T0=对照处理,T1=硼(B) @ 2 kg/ha, T2=锌(Zn) @ 3 kg/ha, T3= B @ 2 kg/ha + Zn @ 3 kg/ha。试验采用3个重复的分区设计。试验结果表明,施用方式和不同微量元素单独或联合施用对各参数均有显著影响。叶施块茎产量最高(3.53 t/ hm2),基施产量最低。另一方面,施用2 kg B/ha + 3 kg Zn时块茎产量最高(4.56 t/ha),对照处理产量最低。在各处理组合中,叶面施用微量元素与B + Zn @ 2 kg/ha + 3 kg/ha组合处理的块茎产量最高(4.89 t/ha),而对照处理的产量最低。因此,叶面施硼配锌处理对马铃薯的生长和产量有较好的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic Divergence and Selection of Common Bean Genotypes with High Agronomic Performance in Mozambique 莫桑比克高产普通豆类基因型的遗传分化与选择
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47440/jafe.2022.3405
Dique Jel, Pedro C, Fernando Cjj, Silota G, Savanguane Lc, Bungala Ltdc, Manhoca Pf, Charimba Am, Miguel Ma, Quinhentos Mdl, Dias D, Carneiro Vq
The deep knowledge of genetic diversity in access, in the breeding program, and the contribution of genetic factors as well as the phenotypic expression is of extreme importance for the development of new cultivars and maintenance of the program. This research aimed to study the genetic diversity and selection of the best common bean genotypes with high agronomic performance in the Agrarian Station of Sussundenga-Mozambique. Twenty-two common bean genotypes were evaluated in a randomized block design with three repetitions in the 2021/2022 agricultural season. The agronomic characteristics evaluated were: the number of days to flowering, plant height, plant architecture, number of pods per plant, the weight of 100 seeds, and grain yield. The data obtained were submitted to individual variance analysis, followed by the Scott-Knott grouping test. For the effect of genetic divergence between the genotypes, multivariate analysis was used based on the generalized Mahalanobis distance and Tocher optimization method, UPGMA, and canonical variables for the projection of distance in the 2D plane. It was also verified by the Cophenetic Correlation Coefficient. The Singh criterion (1981) was used, indicating the characteristics Number of pods per plant (42.81%), the weight of 100 seeds (19.59%), and Plant height (16.08%) as the most important for the genetic divergence of bean genotypes.
深入了解获取途径、育种计划中的遗传多样性,以及遗传因素和表型表达的贡献,对培育新品种和维持育种计划至关重要。本研究旨在研究苏桑登加-莫桑比克农站普通大豆高产基因型的遗传多样性和选择。采用随机区组设计,在2021/2022农业季节对22种常见的豆类基因型进行了3次重复评价。评价的农艺性状为:开花天数、株高、株型、单株荚果数、百粒重和籽粒产量。所得数据进行个体方差分析,然后进行Scott-Knott分组检验。对于基因型间遗传差异的影响,采用基于广义马氏距离和Tocher优化方法、UPGMA和典型变量的多变量分析方法进行距离在二维平面上的投影。并通过遗传相关系数进行了验证。采用Singh(1981)标准,单株荚果数(42.81%)、百粒重(19.59%)和株高(16.08%)是大豆基因型遗传分化的最重要特征。
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引用次数: 0
An Economic study on Vietnam Koifarming in some selected areas of Muktagacha Upazila in Mymensingh district Mymensingh地区Muktagacha Upazila一些选定地区越南koifing的经济研究
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47440/jafe.2022.3206
Mohona RH, Nishat NI, Hossain M
Vietnam Koihas opened up a new horizon of pond culture in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, the importance of this fish in meeting the protein needs of the growing population is enormous.Farmers prefer it as a business because of its strong growth and productivity. It wasnecessary to do an economic analysis on Vietnam Koiaquaculture in order to do so. The cost, returns, and profitability of Vietnam Koiproduction were estimated in this study, as well as the major variables influencing the gross return on Vietnam Koifarming. For this, 40 farmers were selected randomly from three villages namely Polsha, Sayedgram and Baniakazi at Muktagacha Upazila under Mymensingh district. Both tabular and functional analyses were done to address the objectives of the study. The average total cost of Vietnam Koiproduction per hectare was calculated Tk.12,90,498.19. The total return of Vietnam Koiper hectare was estimated as Tk.19,92,413.50. Gross margin and net return per hectare were estimated as Tk.7,84,238.11 andTk.7,01,915.31respectively. In the research area, the production of Vietnam Koiwas determined to be profitable. Cobb-Douglas production function was used to estimate the specific effect of factors on gross return. Most of the factors included in the model were considerably effective on the production of Vietnam Koi, according to the Cobb-Douglas production function model. So there is a positive effect of key factors in the gross return of Vietnam Koi. Out of nine variables, five of them (human labor, fingerling, feed, fertilizer and pesticide) had significant effect on returns of Vietnam Koiproduction. In conclusion, the study found that Vietnam Koifish farming was profitable in the research area
越南锦鲤为孟加拉国开辟了池塘文化的新视野。在孟加拉国,这种鱼在满足不断增长的人口对蛋白质的需求方面具有巨大的重要性。由于其强劲的增长和生产力,农民更喜欢将其作为一项业务。为此,有必要对越南锦鲤养殖进行经济分析。本研究估计了越南锦鲤养殖的成本、回报和盈利能力,以及影响越南锦鲤养殖总回报的主要变量。为此,从Mymensingh县Muktagacha Upazila的Polsha、Sayedgram和Baniakazi三个村庄随机挑选了40名农民。表格分析和功能分析都是为了解决研究的目标。越南每公顷锦鲤生产的平均总成本计算为12,90,498.19克朗。越南Koiper公顷的总收益估计为k.19,92,413.50。每公顷毛利率和净收益分别为7,84,238.11和7,01,915.31澳元。在研究区域,越南koi的生产被确定是有利可图的。采用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数估计各因素对总收益的具体影响。根据柯布-道格拉斯生产函数模型,模型中包含的大多数因素对越南锦鲤的生产都相当有效。因此,关键因素对越南锦鲤的总收益有正向影响。在9个变量中,5个变量(人力、鱼种、饲料、肥料和农药)对越南锦鲤生产收益有显著影响。总之,研究发现,越南kofish养殖在研究区域是有利可图的
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引用次数: 0
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International journal of food, agriculture and environment
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