This research aimed to study the effect of addition carrot powder and pumpkin powder on some properties of flat bread. Carrot powder and pumpkin powder were added with the ratio of 10 % and 20% with bread flour in order to prepare flat bread. Chemical composition, caloric value, mineral content, dietary fiber, texture profile and staling rate of flat bread samples were studied. Obtained results indicated that addition of carrot powder and pumpkin powder increased the amount of protein, ash, crude fibers, minerals and dietary fiber in prepared flat bread samples. While, the carbohydrates and caloric value content decreased in compared with those of control samples. Texture properties also resulted that addition of carrot and pumpkin powder positively influence on some texture parameters. Staling rate results showed that there was gradual decrease in all fortified flat bread samples for freshness up to 72 hours of storage in compared with those of control sample, also, an observed decrease in staling rate after 72 hours of storage of all flat bread samples. Results of sensory evaluation showed that flat bread samples with 10% carrot and pumpkin powder were more acceptable than those of other sample with 20% carrot and pumpkin powder.
{"title":"Processing Low Calorie Flat Bread with added value of Carrot and pumpkin Powder Nada*, Shatat A, Khalil MM and El-Gammal RE","authors":"Nada, Shatat A, Khalil Mm, El-Gammal Re","doi":"10.47440/jafe.2022.3310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47440/jafe.2022.3310","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to study the effect of addition carrot powder and pumpkin powder on some properties of flat bread. Carrot powder and pumpkin powder were added with the ratio of 10 % and 20% with bread flour in order to prepare flat bread. Chemical composition, caloric value, mineral content, dietary fiber, texture profile and staling rate of flat bread samples were studied. Obtained results indicated that addition of carrot powder and pumpkin powder increased the amount of protein, ash, crude fibers, minerals and dietary fiber in prepared flat bread samples. While, the carbohydrates and caloric value content decreased in compared with those of control samples. Texture properties also resulted that addition of carrot and pumpkin powder positively influence on some texture parameters. Staling rate results showed that there was gradual decrease in all fortified flat bread samples for freshness up to 72 hours of storage in compared with those of control sample, also, an observed decrease in staling rate after 72 hours of storage of all flat bread samples. Results of sensory evaluation showed that flat bread samples with 10% carrot and pumpkin powder were more acceptable than those of other sample with 20% carrot and pumpkin powder.","PeriodicalId":14096,"journal":{"name":"International journal of food, agriculture and environment","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79264962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from April to August 2019 to find out the effect of spacing of transplanting and nitrogen level on weed growth and yield performance of aus rice (cv. Binadhan-19). Four spacings of transplanting (25 cm × 15 cm, 25 cm × 10 cm, 20 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 10 cm) and four levels of nitrogen (control, 50% of RD, 100% of RD, 150% of RD and application of USG) were used in this experiment. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Nine weed species belonging to five families infested the experimental field. Among the nine species three were grasses, three were broad leaves and three were sedges. Paspalum scrobiculatum, Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Oxalis europaea, Monochoria vaginalis, Nymphaea nouchali, Cyperus difformis, Scirpus juncoides and Fimbristylis miliacea were the important weeds in the experimental plots. The highest weed density at 20 DAT (14.43) and 40 DAT (17.40) were obtained from spacing of 20 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 10 cm, respectively. Control treatment showed maximum weed densities (15.08 and 18.41, respectively) at both sampling dates. The highest weed density (16.67) was recorded from the treatment combination of 20 cm × 10 cm spacing with control treatment at 20 DAT and the highest weed density (19.66) was recorded from treatment combination of 20 cm × 10 cm spacing with 150% of RD of nitrogen at 40 DAT. Spacing of 20 cm × 10 cm gave the highest (3.54 t ha-1 ) grain yield compared to other spacings. The highest number of grains panicle-1 was found in 20 cm × 10 cm spacing compared to other spacings used in the study. The highest grain yield (3.89 t ha-1 ) was recorded from application of USG, which was significantly higher than other nitrogen levels. The 20 cm × 10 cm spacing produced the highest grain yield (4.41 t ha-1 ) with application of USG, whereas 20 cm × 15 cm with no nitrogen (control) treatment produced the lowest grain yield (2.39 t ha-1 ). So, it can be concluded that 20 cm × 10 cm spacing of transplanting with application of USG may be used for maximization of yield of Binadhan-19 in aus season.
2019年4 - 8月，在孟加拉国农业大学迈门辛格农学田间实验室进行了试验，研究了移栽间距和施氮水平对水稻杂草生长和产量的影响。Binadhan-19)。试验采用4个移栽间距(25 cm × 15 cm、25 cm × 10 cm、20 cm × 15 cm和20 cm × 10 cm)和4个施氮水平(对照、50%施氮肥、100%施氮肥、150%施氮肥和施用USG)。试验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)， 3个重复。实验田中有5科9种杂草。9种中3种为禾本科植物，3种为阔叶植物，3种为莎草植物。试验区主要杂草为雀稗、松果、马地黄、欧草草、阴道单毛草、褐花花、异草草、山楂、金缕草。20 cm × 15 cm和20 cm × 10 cm时，杂草密度最高，分别为20 DAT(14.43)和40 DAT(17.40)。在两个采样日期，对照处理的杂草密度最高，分别为15.08和18.41。间距20 cm × 10 cm与对照处理的杂草密度最高，为16.67;间距20 cm × 10 cm与氮素残留量150%处理的杂草密度最高，为19.66。与其他间距相比，20 cm × 10 cm间距的籽粒产量最高(3.54 t hm -1)。与其他间距相比，20 cm × 10 cm间距的穗粒数最高。施用USG的籽粒产量最高(3.89 t hm -1)，显著高于其他施氮水平。20 cm × 10 cm施氮量最高，为4.41 t hm -1, 20 cm × 15 cm不施氮(对照)产量最低，为2.39 t hm -1。综上所述，施用USG的20 cm × 10 cm插秧可使比纳丹-19单季产量最大化。
{"title":"Weed Growth and Yield of Transplant Aus Rice (cv. Binadhan-19) as Influenced by Spacing of Transplanting and Level of Nitrogen","authors":"Salam Ma, F. R., Kheya Sa","doi":"10.47440/jafe.2022.3309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47440/jafe.2022.3309","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from April to August 2019 to find out the effect of spacing of transplanting and nitrogen level on weed growth and yield performance of aus rice (cv. Binadhan-19). Four spacings of transplanting (25 cm × 15 cm, 25 cm × 10 cm, 20 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 10 cm) and four levels of nitrogen (control, 50% of RD, 100% of RD, 150% of RD and application of USG) were used in this experiment. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Nine weed species belonging to five families infested the experimental field. Among the nine species three were grasses, three were broad leaves and three were sedges. Paspalum scrobiculatum, Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Oxalis europaea, Monochoria vaginalis, Nymphaea nouchali, Cyperus difformis, Scirpus juncoides and Fimbristylis miliacea were the important weeds in the experimental plots. The highest weed density at 20 DAT (14.43) and 40 DAT (17.40) were obtained from spacing of 20 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 10 cm, respectively. Control treatment showed maximum weed densities (15.08 and 18.41, respectively) at both sampling dates. The highest weed density (16.67) was recorded from the treatment combination of 20 cm × 10 cm spacing with control treatment at 20 DAT and the highest weed density (19.66) was recorded from treatment combination of 20 cm × 10 cm spacing with 150% of RD of nitrogen at 40 DAT. Spacing of 20 cm × 10 cm gave the highest (3.54 t ha-1 ) grain yield compared to other spacings. The highest number of grains panicle-1 was found in 20 cm × 10 cm spacing compared to other spacings used in the study. The highest grain yield (3.89 t ha-1 ) was recorded from application of USG, which was significantly higher than other nitrogen levels. The 20 cm × 10 cm spacing produced the highest grain yield (4.41 t ha-1 ) with application of USG, whereas 20 cm × 15 cm with no nitrogen (control) treatment produced the lowest grain yield (2.39 t ha-1 ). So, it can be concluded that 20 cm × 10 cm spacing of transplanting with application of USG may be used for maximization of yield of Binadhan-19 in aus season.","PeriodicalId":14096,"journal":{"name":"International journal of food, agriculture and environment","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81748251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the face of climate change, improved management practices (IMP) may play a significant role in driving up productivity and profitability. However, studies on the impact of IMP use on farm revenue, particularly among producers of cassava, have not gotten enough attention. So, we looked at how using Improved Management Practices affected the income of cassava growers in Kwara State, Nigeria. The specific goals were to: a) identify the Improved Management Practices used by cassava farmers; b) examine how using Improved Management Practices affected the farmers' farm income; and c) define the poverty profile of the cassava farmers. Using descriptive statistics, index ranking, correlation, and the Foster Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) poverty decomposition model, the cross-sectional data collected from 120 cassava farmers were analyzed. The findings showed that the three most commonly used Improved Management Practices in the research area were guided planting time, herbicides, and guided planting distance. Additionally, the intensity of IMP consumption positively and significantly affects farm income. According to the FGT results, 30% of farmers were in poverty. It is important to explore any tactics and laws that would encourage farmers to learn more about Improved Management Practices and, as a result, enhance the intensity of IMP usage.
面对气候变化，改进管理实践(IMP)可能在提高生产力和盈利能力方面发挥重要作用。然而，关于IMP使用对农业收入影响的研究，特别是对木薯生产者的影响，还没有得到足够的重视。因此，我们研究了在尼日利亚Kwara州使用改进管理实践如何影响木薯种植者的收入。具体目标是:a)确定木薯农民使用的改进管理规范;b)检查使用改进的管理方法如何影响农民的农场收入;c)定义木薯农民的贫困状况。采用描述性统计、指数排序、相关性和福斯特·格里尔和托贝克(Foster Greer and Thorbecke, FGT)贫困分解模型，对120名木薯农户的横断面数据进行分析。结果表明，研究区最常用的3种改良管理措施是引导种植时间、除草剂和引导种植距离。此外，IMP消费强度对农业收入有显著的正向影响。根据FGT的结果，30%的农民处于贫困状态。重要的是探索任何能够鼓励农民更多地学习改进管理做法的策略和法律，从而提高IMP的使用强度。
{"title":"Does Improved Management Practices Usage Affect Farm Income? Evidence from Cassava Farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"Salami Mf, Osasona Kk, Ajibade Tb, Fateru Bo, Ibitomi Oo","doi":"10.47440/jafe.2022.3303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47440/jafe.2022.3303","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of climate change, improved management practices (IMP) may play a significant role in driving up productivity and profitability. However, studies on the impact of IMP use on farm revenue, particularly among producers of cassava, have not gotten enough attention. So, we looked at how using Improved Management Practices affected the income of cassava growers in Kwara State, Nigeria. The specific goals were to: a) identify the Improved Management Practices used by cassava farmers; b) examine how using Improved Management Practices affected the farmers' farm income; and c) define the poverty profile of the cassava farmers. Using descriptive statistics, index ranking, correlation, and the Foster Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) poverty decomposition model, the cross-sectional data collected from 120 cassava farmers were analyzed. The findings showed that the three most commonly used Improved Management Practices in the research area were guided planting time, herbicides, and guided planting distance. Additionally, the intensity of IMP consumption positively and significantly affects farm income. According to the FGT results, 30% of farmers were in poverty. It is important to explore any tactics and laws that would encourage farmers to learn more about Improved Management Practices and, as a result, enhance the intensity of IMP usage.","PeriodicalId":14096,"journal":{"name":"International journal of food, agriculture and environment","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84789596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water scarcity is the most common abiotic stress limiting chickpea production which is usually grown under the residual soil moisture. Considering this point, the present study was undertaken to determine the effect of irrigation levels on growth and yield of chickpea varieties. The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from November 2016 to March 2017. The experiment comprised of four varieties such as BARI Chola-5, BARI Chola-9, BINA Chola-4 and BINA Chola-7 and three irrigation levels viz. one irrigation at pre-flowering stage, two irrigations at pre-flowering and pod formation stages and rainfed condition. The results revealed that irrigation treatments had significant effect on growth parameters (plant height, nodule number and dry matter production). Among the yield and yield contributing characters, the highest number of pods plant-1 (48.67), number of seeds pod-1 (1.44), seed yield (1.25 t ha-1 ) and stover yield (2.85 t ha-1 ) were found from BARI Chola-9. Accordingly, highest number of pods plant-1 (49.75), number of seeds pod-1 (1.53), seed yield (1.32 t ha-1 ) and stover yield (2.94 t ha-1 ) were found from two irrigations (pre-flowering and pod formation stages). The lowest seed yield (0.63 t ha-1 ) and stover yield (1.63 t ha1 ) were found from BINA Chola-4 with rainfed condition while the highest seed yield (1.59 t ha-1 ) and stover yield (3.46 t ha-1 ) were found from BARI Chola-9 with two irrigations (pre-flowering and pod formation stage).Considering the above results, it can be suggested that BARI Chola-9 cultivation with applying supplemental irrigation before flowering and pod formation stages may be useful for yield maximization of chickpea.
缺水是限制鹰嘴豆生产的最常见的非生物胁迫，鹰嘴豆通常在土壤剩余水分条件下生长。考虑到这一点，本研究旨在确定灌溉水平对鹰嘴豆品种生长和产量的影响。该实验于2016年11月至2017年3月在孟加拉国农业大学Mymensingh农学田间实验室进行。试验选用BARI Chola-5、BARI Chola-9、BINA Chola-4和BINA Chola-7 4个品种，分别在花前1次灌溉、花前及结荚期2次灌溉和雨养条件下进行。结果表明，灌水处理对水稻生长参数(株高、根瘤数和干物质产量)有显著影响。在产量和产量贡献性状中，BARI Chola-9的荚果数(48.67)、籽粒数(1.44)、籽粒产量(1.25 t ha-1)和秸秆产量(2.85 t ha-1)最高。结果表明，开花前和结荚期两次灌水处理的豆荚数最高(49.75)，种子数最高(1.53)，种子产量最高(1.32 t ha-1)，秸秆产量最高(2.94 t ha-1)。雨灌条件下BINA Chola-4的种子产量最低(0.63 t ha-1)，秸秆产量最低(1.63 t ha-1 )，而两种灌条件下(开花前和结荚期)BARI Chola-9的种子产量最高(1.59 t ha-1)，秸秆产量最高(3.46 t ha-1)。综上所述，BARI Chola-9在开花期和结荚期前进行补灌栽培可能有利于鹰嘴豆产量的最大化。
{"title":"Growth and yield performance of chickpea varieties (CicerarietinumL.) under rainfedand irrigated conditions","authors":"U. Sarker","doi":"10.47440/jafe.2021.2205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47440/jafe.2021.2205","url":null,"abstract":"Water scarcity is the most common abiotic stress limiting chickpea production which is usually grown under the residual soil moisture. Considering this point, the present study was undertaken to determine the effect of irrigation levels on growth and yield of chickpea varieties. The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from November 2016 to March 2017. The experiment comprised of four varieties such as BARI Chola-5, BARI Chola-9, BINA Chola-4 and BINA Chola-7 and three irrigation levels viz. one irrigation at pre-flowering stage, two irrigations at pre-flowering and pod formation stages and rainfed condition. The results revealed that irrigation treatments had significant effect on growth parameters (plant height, nodule number and dry matter production). Among the yield and yield contributing characters, the highest number of pods plant-1 (48.67), number of seeds pod-1 (1.44), seed yield (1.25 t ha-1 ) and stover yield (2.85 t ha-1 ) were found from BARI Chola-9. Accordingly, highest number of pods plant-1 (49.75), number of seeds pod-1 (1.53), seed yield (1.32 t ha-1 ) and stover yield (2.94 t ha-1 ) were found from two irrigations (pre-flowering and pod formation stages). The lowest seed yield (0.63 t ha-1 ) and stover yield (1.63 t ha\u00021 ) were found from BINA Chola-4 with rainfed condition while the highest seed yield (1.59 t ha-1 ) and stover yield (3.46 t ha-1 ) were found from BARI Chola-9 with two irrigations (pre-flowering and pod formation stage).Considering the above results, it can be suggested that BARI Chola-9 cultivation with applying supplemental irrigation before flowering and pod formation stages may be useful for yield maximization of chickpea.","PeriodicalId":14096,"journal":{"name":"International journal of food, agriculture and environment","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75407153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the economic progress in Bangladesh, a hot spot of hunger remained within the rapidly growing population and even the Covid-19 Pandemic made the hunger more intensive. Increasing the cropping intensity by replacing fallow with a short-duration pulse crop using climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technology in the northeastern area of Bangladesh might increase food security and the livelihood of poor farmers. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate short-duration mungbean crop in between the two rice-based cropping systems following CSA technology. The study was conducted at two locations following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in the farmers' field of Netrokona and Sunamganj Districts of Bangladesh during the period from March to May 2021. Results from both the study areas showed that CSA technology had substantially increased the total yield of mungbean, and BINA-8 variety performed the best results of 1061 kg/ha yield in the Sunamganj area. In mungbean cultivation, the lower tillage, 50% less fertilization, manuring, crop residues and efficient irrigation of CSA technology had a positive impact on water infiltration, soil nutrient status and water use efficiency of more than 40% compared to traditional cultivation systems. Nevertheless, the CSA in mungbean cultivation had enhanced carbon sequestration and reduces GHG emissions. The results also revealed that mungbean plant residues add an average 4.35 ton/ha green mass to the soil and saved more than 25% labor costs for mungbean cultivation. Therefore, crop intensification with mungbean using CSA technology in the disasters pruned area would be a good approach to combat food security and income generation of farmers. The study also argues that there is an immediate need for more intensive research to better quantify the mitigation effects of CSA technology.
尽管孟加拉国取得了经济进步，但在快速增长的人口中，饥饿热点仍然存在，甚至Covid-19大流行也使饥饿更加严重。在孟加拉国东北部地区，利用气候智能型农业(CSA)技术以短周期脉冲作物取代休耕，从而提高种植强度，可能会提高粮食安全和贫困农民的生计。因此，本研究的目的是研究采用CSA技术的两种水稻种植制度之间的短期绿豆作物。该研究于2021年3月至5月期间在孟加拉国Netrokona和Sunamganj地区的农民田间的两个地点按照随机完全块设计(RCBD)进行。两个试验区的结果表明，CSA技术显著提高了绿豆的总产量，其中bna -8品种在水南甘吉地区的产量最高，达到1061 kg/ hm2。在绿豆栽培中，与传统栽培制度相比，CSA技术的低耕、少施肥50%、施肥、残茬和高效灌溉对土壤入渗、土壤养分状况和水分利用效率的正向影响达到40%以上。然而，绿豆栽培中的CSA具有增强固碳和减少温室气体排放的作用。结果还表明，绿豆植物残茬平均为土壤增加4.35 t /ha的绿质，为绿豆种植节省25%以上的人工成本。因此，利用CSA技术在灾害修剪地区进行绿豆作物集约化种植将是一种改善粮食安全和农民创收的好方法。该研究还认为，迫切需要进行更深入的研究，以便更好地量化CSA技术的减缓效果。
{"title":"Crop intensification with short-duration pulse crop(mungbean)using climate-smart agriculture technology in northeastern region of Bangladesh","authors":"K. K. Islam","doi":"10.47440/jafe.2021.2212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47440/jafe.2021.2212","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the economic progress in Bangladesh, a hot spot of hunger remained within the rapidly growing population and even the Covid-19 Pandemic made the hunger more intensive. Increasing the cropping intensity by replacing fallow with a short-duration pulse crop using climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technology in the northeastern area of Bangladesh might increase food security and the livelihood of poor farmers. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate short-duration mungbean crop in between the two rice-based cropping systems following CSA technology. The study was conducted at two locations following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in the farmers' field of Netrokona and Sunamganj Districts of Bangladesh during the period from March to May 2021. Results from both the study areas showed that CSA technology had substantially increased the total yield of mungbean, and BINA-8 variety performed the best results of 1061 kg/ha yield in the Sunamganj area. In mungbean cultivation, the lower tillage, 50% less fertilization, manuring, crop residues and efficient irrigation of CSA technology had a positive impact on water infiltration, soil nutrient status and water use efficiency of more than 40% compared to traditional cultivation systems. Nevertheless, the CSA in mungbean cultivation had enhanced carbon sequestration and reduces GHG emissions. The results also revealed that mungbean plant residues add an average 4.35 ton/ha green mass to the soil and saved more than 25% labor costs for mungbean cultivation. Therefore, crop intensification with mungbean using CSA technology in the disasters pruned area would be a good approach to combat food security and income generation of farmers. The study also argues that there is an immediate need for more intensive research to better quantify the mitigation effects of CSA technology.","PeriodicalId":14096,"journal":{"name":"International journal of food, agriculture and environment","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89847374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farmer’s source of fund is crucial for vegetable production in Bangladesh. This paper attempts to identify vegetable grower’s choices of funds and factors responsible for their fund used for vegetable production. Primary data were collected from 354 farmers by using simple random sampling technique in three districts of Bangladesh. Farmers socio-economic characteristics were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Multinomial Logit Regression Model was used to identify factors responsible for farmer’s choice of funds for vegetables production. Analysis showed that farmer’s average age was 43.96 years and they had 5.24 years of formal education. In addition, they had 1.39 number of training and 10.79 years of farming experience. Personal savings, banks, NGOs, and friends and relatives were the sources of farmers funds for vegetables production. On average, 62.99% of the farmers used their own savings, 13.28% of the farmers used bank loans, 11.58% of the farmers used NGOs loans and 12.15% of the farmers took loans from friends and relatives. Results also showed that farmer’s level of education influenced negatively while farm size and number of family members positively influenced the probability of using bank loans compared to farmer’s own fund. Moreover, farmer’s years of farming experience influenced positively, and farm size negatively influenced NGOs loans used compared to farmer’s own fund. Besides, farmer’s level of education was negatively, and agricultural training positively influenced the loans from friends and relatives compared to farmer’s own fund. Vegetable farmers (24.86%) used institutional sources of funds for vegetable production. So, availability of institutional funds is required for the farmers to increase the vegetable production in Bangladesh.
{"title":"Assessing the effect of farmer’s choice of fund for vegetable production in Bangladesh","authors":"M. R. Hasan","doi":"10.47440/jafe.2021.2203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47440/jafe.2021.2203","url":null,"abstract":"Farmer’s source of fund is crucial for vegetable production in Bangladesh. This paper attempts to identify vegetable grower’s choices of funds and factors responsible for their fund used for vegetable production. Primary data were collected from 354 farmers by using simple random sampling technique in three districts of Bangladesh. Farmers socio-economic characteristics were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Multinomial Logit Regression Model was used to identify factors responsible for farmer’s choice of funds for vegetables production. Analysis showed that farmer’s average age was 43.96 years and they had 5.24 years of formal education. In addition, they had 1.39 number of training and 10.79 years of farming experience. Personal savings, banks, NGOs, and friends and relatives were the sources of farmers funds for vegetables production. On average, 62.99% of the farmers used their own savings, 13.28% of the farmers used bank loans, 11.58% of the farmers used NGOs loans and 12.15% of the farmers took loans from friends and relatives. Results also showed that farmer’s level of education influenced negatively while farm size and number of family members positively influenced the probability of using bank loans compared to farmer’s own fund. Moreover, farmer’s years of farming experience influenced positively, and farm size negatively influenced NGOs loans used compared to farmer’s own fund. Besides, farmer’s level of education was negatively, and agricultural training positively influenced the loans from friends and relatives compared to farmer’s own fund. Vegetable farmers (24.86%) used institutional sources of funds for vegetable production. So, availability of institutional funds is required for the farmers to increase the vegetable production in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":14096,"journal":{"name":"International journal of food, agriculture and environment","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84813266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Worldwide crop production is affected by different kinds of weeds that reduce yield in agricultural practices. Therefore, for the observation of weed seeds germination and the effect of mechanical scarification of the seed coats on the germination of selected weeds was assessed in the laboratory conditions. For the assessment of scarification effects on seed germination, the seven different kinds of weed genotypes were collected from rice fields in Kumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal. The collected seeds were kept for one month and after de-husking of each species of 25 seeds was allowed to germinate in the laboratory with unscarred (normal) and scarred conditions on blotters at temperature 25±5oC and experimental observation was done for 14 days. Among all the species, the highest germination (96%) was observed in scarred seeds but the lower germination (58%) was observed in normal seeds of B. pilosa compare to scarred seeds. The unscarred seeds of A. conyzoides seeds did not germinate at all, while the scarred seeds germinated up to 20%. But the seeds of A. viridis were germinated well in both scarred (84%) and unscarred conditions (80%). The germination of E. colona was also greatly influenced by scarification which increased from 4 to 32%. Similarly, the germination of E. crus-galli, P. barbartum, and S. acmella was also increased by 12, 20, and 4% respectively on scarification. It was observed that scarification of the seeds of the weeds under study quite satisfactorily improved the germination rate. The linear growth of the seedlings was also affected by the scarification of the seeds. In conclusion, the weed seeds management is needed for better production in the cropping system.
{"title":"Effect of mechanical scarification on seed germination of selected weeds occurring in rice field","authors":"N. Paudel, M. Rahman","doi":"10.47440/jafe.2021.2207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47440/jafe.2021.2207","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide crop production is affected by different kinds of weeds that reduce yield in agricultural practices. Therefore, for the observation of weed seeds germination and the effect of mechanical scarification of the seed coats on the germination of selected weeds was assessed in the laboratory conditions. For the assessment of scarification effects on seed germination, the seven different kinds of weed genotypes were collected from rice fields in Kumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal. The collected seeds were kept for one month and after de-husking of each species of 25 seeds was allowed to germinate in the laboratory with unscarred (normal) and scarred conditions on blotters at temperature 25±5oC and experimental observation was done for 14 days. Among all the species, the highest germination (96%) was observed in scarred seeds but the lower germination (58%) was observed in normal seeds of B. pilosa compare to scarred seeds. The unscarred seeds of A. conyzoides seeds did not germinate at all, while the scarred seeds germinated up to 20%. But the seeds of A. viridis were germinated well in both scarred (84%) and unscarred conditions (80%). The germination of E. colona was also greatly influenced by scarification which increased from 4 to 32%. Similarly, the germination of E. crus-galli, P. barbartum, and S. acmella was also increased by 12, 20, and 4% respectively on scarification. It was observed that scarification of the seeds of the weeds under study quite satisfactorily improved the germination rate. The linear growth of the seedlings was also affected by the scarification of the seeds. In conclusion, the weed seeds management is needed for better production in the cropping system.","PeriodicalId":14096,"journal":{"name":"International journal of food, agriculture and environment","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80246298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pigeons are reared in Bangladesh principally with the interest of nutrition, recreation, religious attitude and an income source to earn a livelihood. The study was conducted for the assessment of characteristics of eggs and serum electrolytes concentration (Na, K, Ca and P) of Lakkha, Khaki and Shiraz pigeon’s breeds. Three pairs of each breed were reared in cage with commercial feed and water. After laying eggs, the length and width of eggs were recorded. After hatching of eggs, egg shell thickness was recorded. Thickness of eggshell was 0.20±0.01 mm, 0.13±0.00 mm, 0.21±0.01 mm for Lakkha, Khaki and Shiraz breeds respectively. The squabs were sacrificed on the 45th day after recording body weights and the blood sample was collected and serum sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus were analyzed. Serum sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus concentrations were: (96.35±5.20) mmol/L, (12.11±0.60) mmol/L, (5.89±0.67) mmol/L and (4.87±0.33) mmol/L for Lakkha breed; (102.96±2.14) mmol/L, (12.31±1.58) mmol/L, (5.80±0.76) mmol/L and (4.75±0.31) mmol/L for Khaki breed; (103.53±0.93) mmol/L, (12.23±0.60), (5.85±0.52) mmol/L and (4.68±0.17) mmol/L for Shiraz breed respectively. A positive correlation between serum calcium and thickness of eggshell was found in Shiraz and khaki breed respectively. On the other hand, a positive correlation was found between eggshell thickness and squab body weight only in the Shiraz breed. It could be concluded that serum calcium and body weight having a potential positive effect on eggshell thickness of corresponding pigeon breed.
{"title":"Assessment of bodyweight, egg quality traits and some selected serum electrolyte concentration (Na, K, Ca and P) of three different breeds of pigeon atRajshahi region, Bangladesh","authors":"M. K. Islam","doi":"10.47440/jafe.2021.2202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47440/jafe.2021.2202","url":null,"abstract":"Pigeons are reared in Bangladesh principally with the interest of nutrition, recreation, religious attitude and an income source to earn a livelihood. The study was conducted for the assessment of characteristics of eggs and serum electrolytes concentration (Na, K, Ca and P) of Lakkha, Khaki and Shiraz pigeon’s breeds. Three pairs of each breed were reared in cage with commercial feed and water. After laying eggs, the length and width of eggs were recorded. After hatching of eggs, egg shell thickness was recorded. Thickness of eggshell was 0.20±0.01 mm, 0.13±0.00 mm, 0.21±0.01 mm for Lakkha, Khaki and Shiraz breeds respectively. The squabs were sacrificed on the 45th day after recording body weights and the blood sample was collected and serum sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus were analyzed. Serum sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus concentrations were: (96.35±5.20) mmol/L, (12.11±0.60) mmol/L, (5.89±0.67) mmol/L and (4.87±0.33) mmol/L for Lakkha breed; (102.96±2.14) mmol/L, (12.31±1.58) mmol/L, (5.80±0.76) mmol/L and (4.75±0.31) mmol/L for Khaki breed; (103.53±0.93) mmol/L, (12.23±0.60), (5.85±0.52) mmol/L and (4.68±0.17) mmol/L for Shiraz breed respectively. A positive correlation between serum calcium and thickness of eggshell was found in Shiraz and khaki breed respectively. On the other hand, a positive correlation was found between eggshell thickness and squab body weight only in the Shiraz breed. It could be concluded that serum calcium and body weight having a potential positive effect on eggshell thickness of corresponding pigeon breed.","PeriodicalId":14096,"journal":{"name":"International journal of food, agriculture and environment","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81738805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the surge in single-use plastic use, waste generation and related consequences amid the pandemic in Bangladesh. 14,500 tons of dangerous plastic waste was collected in the very first month of official lockdown in Bangladesh, which was almost twice that of collected before pandemic (~7250 tons per month). COVID-19 related medical waste in Bangladesh is haphazardly thrown away, much of which carries the coronavirus. Individual choices during lockdowns are also increasing plastic demand. Packaged take-out meals and home delivered groceries contributed 40% of plastic waste. Crucially, the virus can remain active on plastic surfaces for two to three days. However, it only infectious for up to 24 hours on cardboard or paper. From these findings it can be extrapolated that paper bags could be a better alternative for plastic bags, not only due to the short lifetime of the virus but also because paper bags are more environmentally friendly. Finally, we made some recommendations on how to reduce the use of single-use plastic, and recent status of biodegradable plastic items manufacturing industries in Bangladesh.
{"title":"Rise in Single-Use Plastic Pollution Amid COVID-19 Pandemic: Bangladesh Perspective","authors":"M. Ali","doi":"10.47440/jafe.2021.2214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47440/jafe.2021.2214","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the surge in single-use plastic use, waste generation and related consequences amid the pandemic in Bangladesh. 14,500 tons of dangerous plastic waste was collected in the very first month of official lockdown in Bangladesh, which was almost twice that of collected before pandemic (~7250 tons per month). COVID-19 related medical waste in Bangladesh is haphazardly thrown away, much of which carries the coronavirus. Individual choices during lockdowns are also increasing plastic demand. Packaged take-out meals and home delivered groceries contributed 40% of plastic waste. Crucially, the virus can remain active on plastic surfaces for two to three days. However, it only infectious for up to 24 hours on cardboard or paper. From these findings it can be extrapolated that paper bags could be a better alternative for plastic bags, not only due to the short lifetime of the virus but also because paper bags are more environmentally friendly. Finally, we made some recommendations on how to reduce the use of single-use plastic, and recent status of biodegradable plastic items manufacturing industries in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":14096,"journal":{"name":"International journal of food, agriculture and environment","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85769171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gradding of potato tuber for different processing purposes may reduce the main constraints of establishing export industry in Bangladesh. From this perspective the experiment was conducted to assess the effect of potassium sources and vermicompost level on yield and grading of potato tuber. The potato tuber of variety BARI Alu-25 (Asterix) was used as the planting material for this experiment. The experiment consisted of two factors: Factor A: 3 sources of Potassium such as-K1: KCl, K2: KNO3, K3: K2SO4; Factor B: 4 levels of vermicompost such as-Vm0: 0 t ha-1 , Vm1: 4 t ha-1 , Vm2: 8 t ha-1 and Vm3: 12 t ha-1 . The two factor experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The highest yield of potato tubers (27.86 t ha-1 ) was recorded from K2SO4, whereas, the lowest (26.02 t ha-1 ) was found from KNO3. The number of tubers hill-1 , average tuber weight, yield and different categories of potato tuber were increased with the increasing of vermicompost level. Among the 12 treatment combinations, the highest yield of potato tubers (31.17 t ha-1 ) were found from K3Vm3, whereas, the lowest (22.09 t ha-1 ) was recorded from K2Vm0. However, K1Vm2, K1Vm3, K3Vm2, K3Vm3 showed statistically similar results regarding yield and grading. So, K2SO4 or KCl as a source of potassium and 8 or 12 ton vermicompost ha-1 was found to be better in respect of yield and grading of potato tubers compared to the other treatments. Among potassium sources, KCl may be economic and will found available for producing good quality potato in Bangladesh.
为不同的加工目的对马铃薯块茎进行分级可以减少在孟加拉国建立出口工业的主要限制。本试验旨在探讨不同钾源和蚯蚓堆肥水平对马铃薯块茎产量和分级的影响。本试验以BARI Alu-25 (Asterix)马铃薯块茎为种植材料。试验由两个因素组成:因子A: 3种钾源，如k1: KCl、K2: KNO3、K3: K2SO4;因子B: 4级蚯蚓堆肥，vm0: 0 t ha-1, Vm1: 4 t ha-1, Vm2: 8 t ha-1, Vm3: 12 t ha-1。双因素试验采用裂图设计，重复3次。K2SO4处理马铃薯块茎产量最高(27.86 t ha-1)，而KNO3处理马铃薯块茎产量最低(26.02 t ha-1)。随着蚯蚓堆肥水平的增加，马铃薯块茎数、平均块茎重、产量和薯类块茎均呈增加趋势。12个处理组合中，K3Vm3处理马铃薯块茎产量最高(31.17 t ha-1)， K2Vm0处理马铃薯块茎产量最低(22.09 t ha-1)。然而，K1Vm2、K1Vm3、K3Vm2、K3Vm3在产量和分级方面具有统计学上相似的结果。因此，以K2SO4或KCl为钾源，8或12吨蚯蚓堆肥hm -1处理马铃薯块茎的产量和分级较其他处理好。在钾源中，氯化钾可能是经济的，在孟加拉国可用于生产优质马铃薯。
{"title":"Yield and grading of potato tuber for processing purpose as affected by vermicompostand potassium sources","authors":"R. Chakraborty","doi":"10.47440/jafe.2021.2210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47440/jafe.2021.2210","url":null,"abstract":"Gradding of potato tuber for different processing purposes may reduce the main constraints of establishing export industry in Bangladesh. From this perspective the experiment was conducted to assess the effect of potassium sources and vermicompost level on yield and grading of potato tuber. The potato tuber of variety BARI Alu-25 (Asterix) was used as the planting material for this experiment. The experiment consisted of two factors: Factor A: 3 sources of Potassium such as-K1: KCl, K2: KNO3, K3: K2SO4; Factor B: 4 levels of vermicompost such as-Vm0: 0 t ha-1 , Vm1: 4 t ha-1 , Vm2: 8 t ha-1 and Vm3: 12 t ha-1 . The two factor experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The highest yield of potato tubers (27.86 t ha-1 ) was recorded from K2SO4, whereas, the lowest (26.02 t ha-1 ) was found from KNO3. The number of tubers hill-1 , average tuber weight, yield and different categories of potato tuber were increased with the increasing of vermicompost level. Among the 12 treatment combinations, the highest yield of potato tubers (31.17 t ha-1 ) were found from K3Vm3, whereas, the lowest (22.09 t ha-1 ) was recorded from K2Vm0. However, K1Vm2, K1Vm3, K3Vm2, K3Vm3 showed statistically similar results regarding yield and grading. So, K2SO4 or KCl as a source of potassium and 8 or 12 ton vermicompost ha-1 was found to be better in respect of yield and grading of potato tubers compared to the other treatments. Among potassium sources, KCl may be economic and will found available for producing good quality potato in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":14096,"journal":{"name":"International journal of food, agriculture and environment","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76920606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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