International Journal of Food Science最新文献

Anemia is a public health problem that affects about 50% of adolescent females in sub-Saharan Africa. Anemia can negatively affect the overall growth, cognitive performance, and productivity of school-going adolescents. This pilot study assessed the impact of Solanum torvum-fortified biscuits on hemoglobin levels and cognitive performance of school-going adolescent females. A cluster randomized controlled, open labeled trial was undertaken among four basic schools in the Ahafo Region of Ghana. Out of the 169 participants, 151 (intervention = 83, control = 68) adolescent females completed the trial. The intervention and control groups were made up of two schools each. The participants in the intervention and control groups received a total of 30 turkey berry-fortified biscuit supplementation or 30 placebos for a period of six weeks, respectively. The hemoglobin levels and cognitive test scores were obtained before and after the intervention. The number of anemic cases and low cognitive performance among the female adolescents in the intervention group reduced by 23.8% and 8.7%, respectively. There was a positive impact on the hemoglobin levels and cognitive performance of the intervention group. For every unit of turkey berry-fortified biscuit consumed by the intervention group, there was a 0.945 unit increase in hemoglobin level (p = 0.001) and a 2.796 unit increase in cognitive performance (p = 0.005). The turkey berry-fortified biscuit significantly reduced anemia prevalence and improved cognitive performance among the adolescent girls. Therefore, its potential in the management of anemia and improvement of cognition could be explored.

Rubus alceifolius Poir (R.A. Poir) leaves are rich in phenolic compounds, offering many health benefits due to their incredible antioxidant potential. In this study, conditions for the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity from R.A. Poir leaves were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). This methodology assessed the effects of ultrasound power (X₁: 100-500 W), extraction temperature (X₂: 30-60°C), and extraction time (X₃: 5-55 min). The optimized UAE conditions were then compared with conventional extraction methods (Soxhlet extraction: SE and maceration extraction: ME) for extracting total phenolics. A phenolic profile using GC-MS and antioxidant activity (ABTS) was also compared. According to the RSM, the best conditions for UAE to extract the highest total polyphenol content and ABTS radical scavenging activity were 320 W ultrasound power, 40°C extraction temperature, and 35.5 min sonication duration. Under these optimal conditions, the TPC and antioxidant activity reached 16.68 mg GAE/g dm and 21.9 mg TE/g, respectively, closely aligning with the predicted values. The UAE extraction technique proved to be more efficient in extracting phenolics and antioxidant capacity (ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) radical scavenging activity, and enzyme inhibition) compared to the conventional extraction methods (SE and ME). A GC-MS analysis identified 12 components, including 5 phenolics and 3 flavonoids, which likely contribute to the antioxidant activity. Consequently, the UAE method improved extraction efficiency within a shorter time frame, suggesting that UAE is a promising, efficient, and ecofriendly technology for extracting bioactive compounds from R.A. Poir leaves.

Native starch extracted from wild yam (Dioscorea villosa) was evaluated for its intrinsic physicochemical properties. From the results, essential metals such as K, Ca, P, and Fe were detected along with some nonessential heavy metals below the WHO permissible limits. Bulk density was 0.13-0.63 g/mL. The water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling power, and solubility of the starch were pH-responsive. Thermal profiles showed onset temperature, T_o (59.21 °C), peak temperature, T_p (60.22 °C), endset temperature, T_c (63.12 °C), gelatinization enthalpy, ΔH_gel (0.54 J/g), temperature range of gelatinization, R (3.91 °C), and peak height index, PHI (1.87 J/g °C). Exhibiting a crystallite size of 0.03 nm, absorption peaks of 15.3119°, 24.4120°, and 18.4170°, corresponding to interplanar d-spacings of 3.7500 Ǻ, 5.14000 Ǻ, and 4.954610 Ǻ, were obtained. Evidence of C-H at 1338.1 cm^-1, C-O at 640.0 cm^-1, C-H stretch at 2829.7 cm^-1, and a strong and broad O-H group at 3291.2 cm^-1 were obtained. The starch granules had low particle sizes, were homogeneous, and were aggregates of irregular shapes. At a lower pH (2-4), the wild yam starch studied could be a potential absorbent material in the production of disposable diapers and female napkins and as biodegradable films due to its high hydrophobicity at a high pH (8-12).

Toxic compounds can induce the formation of free radicals (reactive oxygen species (ROS)) which can trigger damage and decrease cell viability. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) contains phenolic compounds that are useful as antioxidants which can reduce ROS toxicity. However, little is known about the antitoxin activity of clove extract. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the effect of ethanolic clove extract as an antitoxin agent against malachite green (MG) mutagen using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model. The methods used to analyze the ability of ethanolic clove extract as antitoxin were decolorization assay and cell viability test towards MG. The phenol contents of leaf and bud extract were 441.28 and 394.73 mg GAE g^-1 extract, respectively. Clove leaf extract has strong antioxidant activity in vitro (IC₅₀ 9.29 ppm for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 29.57 for 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)). Liquid chromatography quadrupole-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed the presence of 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid and several other bioactive compounds, in which these compounds had bioactivity against toxic compound. The addition of extract reduced the ability of S. cerevisiae to decolorize malachite green but increased cell viability. Based on the data, clove leaf extract shows the potential antitoxin activity. This research should facilitate a preliminary study to investigate the antitoxin agent derived from cloves leaf extract. Further research to analyze the antitoxin mechanism of this extract in yeast model is interesting to do to provide a comprehensive insight into the potential antitoxin agents of clove leaf extract.

Common konjac flour, especially of low grade, is a waste material produced in large quantities during purification of konjac glucomannan (KGM). It contains impurities, particularly oxalate salts, which irritate and may cause kidney stones. Konjac flour has glucomannan as a main component. Glucomannan is characterized by low crystallinity, high thermostability, and the ability to form a strong gel. Subsequently, glucomannan has good potential for the production of biodegradable material. However, its high-water affinity limits its use in packaging. The deacetylated by thermal forming process and reinforced konjac flour with 15% and 20% of microcrystalline cellulose showed improved water absorption and thermal properties of the specimen. Moreover, the thermal forming process resulted in the reduction of soluble oxalate. Therefore, due to the conditions used in this experiment, the material will be stronger, more waterproof properties, and more highly resistant to temperatures, so it is suitable to be used as a packaging that is environmentally friendly.

The plant flavonoids taxifolin and rutin are among the best known and best studied antioxidants. In addition to their antioxidant properties, other pharmacobiological properties have been established for these substances. At the same time, taxifolin and rutin are chemically labile. They are prone to oxidative degradation and have poor water solubility. Under conditions of their real consumption, all this can lead to a significant reduction or complete loss of bioactivity of these flavonoids. Flavonoid modification and encapsulation techniques can be used to overcome these barrier factors. The use of micronization process for taxifolin and rutin allows changing the lipophilicity values of antioxidants. For micronized taxifolin, the log P value is 1.3 (1.12 for the control forms), and for rutin, it was 0.15 (-0.64 for the control forms). The antioxidant activity of micronized flavonoids has increased about 1.16 times compared to control forms. The present study evaluates the possibility of using encapsulation of premyconized flavonoids by complex coacervation, in order to preserve their antioxidant properties. The results of an in vitro digestion study show that the encapsulated forms of antioxidants retain their bioactivity and bioavailability better than their original forms. The bioavailability indices for the encapsulated forms of flavonoids are more than 1.6 times higher than for their original forms. The digested fractions of the encapsulated properties reveal better antioxidant properties than their original forms in in vitro tests evaluating the antioxidant properties on cultures of the protozoan Paramecium caudatum and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Encapsulated rutin indicates the highest activity, 0.64 relative to PMA. Thus, the studies represent the feasibility of using encapsulation to protect flavonoids during digestion and ensure the preservation of their antioxidant properties.

Tunnel solar dryer is the recently used drying method for better quality and safety of parchment coffee. However, the higher variation of drying temperature and RH along the long tunnel solar dryer results in a heterogeneous environment in the tunnel, which could make parchment coffee dried at different times or with different moisture contents. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of solar tunnel dryer zones at different zones of the dryer, divided into three zones from the inlet to the exit side of the drier and drying layer thicknesses on the drying time, drying kinetics, physicochemical, sensory, and fungal growth loads of parchment coffee. Furthermore, seven mathematical models were evaluated to select the best-fitting model for a specific zone to predict drying time. Results showed that dryer zones significantly (p < 0.05) interacted with layer thickness for most of the measured parameters except titratable acidity and sensory properties. The dryer zone, coupled with the reduction in drying layer thickness, caused an increase in effective diffusivity and moisture removal rate and reduced drying time. The drying time to reach constant moisture content varied from 14 to 17 hours. Overall raw bean, cup, and total quality varied from 36.3 to 37, 48 to 51, and 84.3 to 87.3%, respectively. Values for physicochemical parameters ranged from 5.3 to 6.9 (pH), 2.1 to 2.6% (titratable acidity), 2.3 to 4.3°Brix TSS, 10.9 to 15.2% (ether extract), 39.2 to 53.5GAE/g (total phenolic content), and 38.5 to 59.2 (DPPH scavenging capacity). The fungal infection percentage at the end of drying varied from 4 to 93.3%, which could be associated with potential mycotoxin formation if recommended conditions were not maintained. In general, for better quality, similar drying times, and a lesser fungal load, it is recommended to use 4, 5, and 6 cm layer thickness in zones one, two, and three, respectively. The drying kinetics of parchment coffee in different dryer zones with different drying layer thicknesses showed variation. Zone one at 2 and 4 cm layer thicknesses is best described by the Verma model. Four- and six-centimetre layer thicknesses in zones 2 and 3 are best described by the modified Midilli model.

Major losses are recorded every year in the plantain production sector in Côte d'Ivoire. These losses are mainly due to poor harvesting, transport, and storage conditions. Local processing of this food crop into other products could help limit postharvest losses. The aim of this study was to evaluate some microbiological and physicochemical parameters during the fermentation of plantain must for the production of an alcoholic beverage. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, titratable acidity, and reducing sugars were measured using a pH meter by titration and the Bernfeld method, respectively. Refractometric dry extract and alcohol content were measured using a refractometer. Loads of mesophilic aerobic germs, total coliforms, streptococci, and yeasts were determined by standard microbiological methods. Values for refractometric dry extract (10°B-4.5°B), reducing sugars (8.25-0 mg/mL), and pH (4.37-3.36) decrease during fermentation. The highest alcohol content (11%) is obtained after four days of fermentation of plantain must. In contrast to total coliforms (5.27-3.61 log₁₀ cfu/mL), loads of mesophilic aerobic germs (4.84-9.8 log₁₀ cfu/mL) increase during fermentation. Yeast and streptococci loads reach their peaks at 7.81 log₁₀ cfu/mL and 8.15 log₁₀ cfu/mL, respectively, after six (6) days of fermentation before dropping off. Plantain must could be used to produce distilled alcoholic beverages.

Salmonella is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen causing diarrhoeal disease to humans after consuming contaminated water, animal, and plant products. The bacterium is the third leading cause of human death among diarrhoeal diseases worldwide. Therefore, human salmonellosis is of public health concern demanding integrated interventions against the causative agent, Salmonella enterica. The prevention of salmonellosis in humans is intricate due to several factors, including an immune-stable individual infected with S. enterica continuing to shed live bacteria without showing any clinical signs. Similarly, the asymptomatic Salmonella animals are the source of salmonellosis in humans after consuming contaminated food products. Furthermore, the contaminated products of plant and animal origin are a menace in food industries due to Salmonella biofilms, which enhance colonization, persistence, and survival of bacteria on equipment. The contaminated food products resulting from bacteria on equipment offset the economic competition of food industries and partner institutions in international business. The most worldwide prevalent broad-range Salmonella serovars affecting humans are Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, and poultry products, among others, are the primary source of infection. The broader range of Salmonella serovars creates concern over multiple strategies for preventing and controlling Salmonella contamination in foods to enhance food safety for humans. Among the strategies for preventing and controlling Salmonella spread in animal and plant products include biosecurity measures, isolation and quarantine, epidemiological surveillance, farming systems, herbs and spices, and vaccination. Other measures are the application of phages, probiotics, prebiotics, and nanoparticles reduced and capped with antimicrobial agents. Therefore, Salmonella-free products, such as beef, pork, poultry meat, eggs, milk, and plant foods, such as vegetables and fruits, will prevent humans from Salmonella infection. This review explains Salmonella infection in humans caused by consuming contaminated foods and the interventions against Salmonella contamination in foods to enhance food safety and quality for humans.

Mango purée is a byproduct of the current production processes (such as freeze-drying, dehydration) after the product shaping stage or grades II and III mangoes. Currently, fruit bar is a convenient and highly nutritious snack made from fruit. The objective of this study is to utilize mango byproduct in order to develop a fruit bar processing technology, which is based on evaluating the quality (color, break force, vitamin C content, and sensory) when varying the pH of mango purée and the concentration of added pectin. Additionally, total soluble solids (TSS) after blending at 80°C were also investigated. The increase in pH, pectin concentration of mango purée, and TSS after blending showed that vitamin C content in fruit bars tended to decrease. TSS results revealed that at TSS = 63°Bx, pH 3.3, and a pectin concentration of 1.3%, the product received a high rating of 6.3. Additionally, the vitamin C content of the product reached 7.82 mg/100 gDW. The results of this study are expected on the diversification of products from mango. Solving the situation that grades II and III mangoes are difficult to be commercialized and making the most of the byproduct mango flesh after certain production processes.