Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i6a.716
M Suganya, GB Brindha Devi
Heavy metal bioaccumulation is the process by which the application of Eisenia fetida earthworm species in bioremediation of contaminated soil results in a decrease in the concentration of heavy metals. However, it negatively impacts earthworms and hence detrimental to agriculture. On the other hand, in adult mosquitoes, exposure to metal pollution during the larval stage significantly impacted their subsequent insecticide tolerance. The current in silico study, we carry out a comparative study on the effect of Heavy metal (PbSO4) bioaccumulation in Eisenia fetida and in the larvae of Anopheles gambiae complex. Metallothionein protein is selected as a common biomarker for the expression of metal accumulation in both species. In order to observe the accumulation of Lead II sulphate in the Metallothionein protein of Eisenia fetida and in the mosquito larvae, this study's methodology entails molecular drug docking and H-bond interaction studies using sophisticated automated drug docking servers. The findings unequivocally demonstrate that amino acid residues found in Eisenia fetida and in the larvae of the An. gambiae complex bind with different heavy metals, most notably Lead II sulphate. Our findings also line up with the previously validated wet lab findings. Finally, it was determined that Lead II sulphate directly binds to Metallothionein amino acid positions of both species. Based on the expression of Metallothionein protein, these results have demonstrated that Eisenia fetida and the larvae of the An. gambiae complex are capable of accumulating Lead II sulphate in their body. The accumulation of metals in a specific species of earthworm and mosquito larvae, which has detrimental effects on the species' biological systems at high concentrations, is clearly described throughout this entire In silico study.
{"title":"Heavy metal (PB) bioaccumulation study in Eisenia fetida and in the larvae of Anopheles gambiae complex using in silico drug docking protocols","authors":"M Suganya, GB Brindha Devi","doi":"10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i6a.716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i6a.716","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal bioaccumulation is the process by which the application of Eisenia fetida earthworm species in bioremediation of contaminated soil results in a decrease in the concentration of heavy metals. However, it negatively impacts earthworms and hence detrimental to agriculture. On the other hand, in adult mosquitoes, exposure to metal pollution during the larval stage significantly impacted their subsequent insecticide tolerance. The current in silico study, we carry out a comparative study on the effect of Heavy metal (PbSO4) bioaccumulation in Eisenia fetida and in the larvae of Anopheles gambiae complex. Metallothionein protein is selected as a common biomarker for the expression of metal accumulation in both species. In order to observe the accumulation of Lead II sulphate in the Metallothionein protein of Eisenia fetida and in the mosquito larvae, this study's methodology entails molecular drug docking and H-bond interaction studies using sophisticated automated drug docking servers. The findings unequivocally demonstrate that amino acid residues found in Eisenia fetida and in the larvae of the An. gambiae complex bind with different heavy metals, most notably Lead II sulphate. Our findings also line up with the previously validated wet lab findings. Finally, it was determined that Lead II sulphate directly binds to Metallothionein amino acid positions of both species. Based on the expression of Metallothionein protein, these results have demonstrated that Eisenia fetida and the larvae of the An. gambiae complex are capable of accumulating Lead II sulphate in their body. The accumulation of metals in a specific species of earthworm and mosquito larvae, which has detrimental effects on the species' biological systems at high concentrations, is clearly described throughout this entire In silico study.","PeriodicalId":14127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mosquito Research","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135506440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i5a.695
CH LDS Narayana Gupta, Y Pavani, N Murali Krishna, M Subba Rao
Plant extracts and secondary metabolites extracted from plants can produce natural pesticides. Compared to synthetic insecticides, they degrade quickly and threaten the environment and public health less. It was feasible to discover the formation of the important secondary metabolites, phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids by the Homonoia riparia leaf extract as the investigation progressed. Because phenolic chemicals are renowned for their antioxidant activity, they have a lot of interest. At low doses, the larvicidal activity of Homonoia riparia leaf extract implies that it could be utilized as a domestic larvicide to restrict the spread of the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. Following the WHO guidelines, a dose-response bioassay was done on Aedes aegypti larvae collected from the municipality of Guntur rural areas. After 48 hours, the extracts of Homonoia riparia (692.6%±125.89) required less concentration to kill 95% of the larvae. Ethanolic extract (EE) obtained from Homonoia riparia leaves, and their effect on Aedes aegypti was evaluated at concentrations of 40, 60, 80, 85, and 95% for EE, in a completely randomized design with a 2x5 factorial arrangement. There were also substantial differences (p
{"title":"In vitro insecticidal activity of Homonoia riparia Lour leaf extract for use in controlling Aedes aegypti L. populations","authors":"CH LDS Narayana Gupta, Y Pavani, N Murali Krishna, M Subba Rao","doi":"10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i5a.695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i5a.695","url":null,"abstract":"Plant extracts and secondary metabolites extracted from plants can produce natural pesticides. Compared to synthetic insecticides, they degrade quickly and threaten the environment and public health less. It was feasible to discover the formation of the important secondary metabolites, phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids by the Homonoia riparia leaf extract as the investigation progressed. Because phenolic chemicals are renowned for their antioxidant activity, they have a lot of interest. At low doses, the larvicidal activity of Homonoia riparia leaf extract implies that it could be utilized as a domestic larvicide to restrict the spread of the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. Following the WHO guidelines, a dose-response bioassay was done on Aedes aegypti larvae collected from the municipality of Guntur rural areas. After 48 hours, the extracts of Homonoia riparia (692.6%±125.89) required less concentration to kill 95% of the larvae. Ethanolic extract (EE) obtained from Homonoia riparia leaves, and their effect on Aedes aegypti was evaluated at concentrations of 40, 60, 80, 85, and 95% for EE, in a completely randomized design with a 2x5 factorial arrangement. There were also substantial differences (p","PeriodicalId":14127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mosquito Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135446596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i6a.710
Dr. Venkata Prasad Rao Sriram, Dr. Y Rajeswari
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is common in the Parvathipuram Manyam District of Andhra Pradesh, India. According to the Public Health Office in the district headquarters, there has been an increase in dengue cases at Parvathipuram Manyam Community Health Center over the past six months of 2022. The dengue virus, which causes dengue hemorrhagic fever, is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. If DHF is not treated immediately, it can be fatal. Over the last five years, the Parvathipuram Manyam district of Andhra Pradesh, India, has seen an increase in dengue fever cases. The incidence rate will have an impact on the community health development index and general health status in Parvathipuram Manyam. The goal of this study was to determine how vulnerable the Parvathipuram Manyam district was to dengue fever using the disease vulnerability index. The methodology used to calculate the Village Development Index was investigated. The index of environmental disease vulnerability is divided into seven categories and 23 sub indicators. The district is at an intermediate level of risk, with a DHF vulnerability index score of 2.771. If this condition is not addressed and significant preventative measures are not implemented, it has the potential to become extremely vulnerable in the coming year. Addapuseela was the most vulnerable village, with a value of 3.348, while Parvathipuram was the least vulnerable, with a value of 2.304. According to the findings, every village in the Parvathipuram Manyam district is vulnerable in some way. True and effective efforts on the part of all parties involved, particularly the Community Health Center and the surrounding community, are required to prevent and manage the underlying causes of DHF disease. This is critical if we are to see a decrease in DHF cases and, eventually, its abolition. Using the chi-square test, the statistical analysis produced a p-value of 0.666, indicating that p> 0.05. Hence, there exists a correlation between behavioral factors and the incidence of DHF.
{"title":"Aedes aegypti mosquito vector disease susceptibility index, environmental factors in Parvathipuram Manyam District, Andhra Pradesh, India","authors":"Dr. Venkata Prasad Rao Sriram, Dr. Y Rajeswari","doi":"10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i6a.710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i6a.710","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is common in the Parvathipuram Manyam District of Andhra Pradesh, India. According to the Public Health Office in the district headquarters, there has been an increase in dengue cases at Parvathipuram Manyam Community Health Center over the past six months of 2022. The dengue virus, which causes dengue hemorrhagic fever, is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. If DHF is not treated immediately, it can be fatal. Over the last five years, the Parvathipuram Manyam district of Andhra Pradesh, India, has seen an increase in dengue fever cases. The incidence rate will have an impact on the community health development index and general health status in Parvathipuram Manyam. The goal of this study was to determine how vulnerable the Parvathipuram Manyam district was to dengue fever using the disease vulnerability index. The methodology used to calculate the Village Development Index was investigated. The index of environmental disease vulnerability is divided into seven categories and 23 sub indicators. The district is at an intermediate level of risk, with a DHF vulnerability index score of 2.771. If this condition is not addressed and significant preventative measures are not implemented, it has the potential to become extremely vulnerable in the coming year. Addapuseela was the most vulnerable village, with a value of 3.348, while Parvathipuram was the least vulnerable, with a value of 2.304. According to the findings, every village in the Parvathipuram Manyam district is vulnerable in some way. True and effective efforts on the part of all parties involved, particularly the Community Health Center and the surrounding community, are required to prevent and manage the underlying causes of DHF disease. This is critical if we are to see a decrease in DHF cases and, eventually, its abolition. Using the chi-square test, the statistical analysis produced a p-value of 0.666, indicating that p> 0.05. Hence, there exists a correlation between behavioral factors and the incidence of DHF.","PeriodicalId":14127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mosquito Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i1a.659
P. Dey, D. Goyary, Santa Mandal, B. Dey, A. Verma
{"title":"Vector-borne diseases: Prevalence, impacts, and strategies to address disease burden and threats","authors":"P. Dey, D. Goyary, Santa Mandal, B. Dey, A. Verma","doi":"10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i1a.659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i1a.659","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mosquito Research","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74559019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i4a.682
Neha Kumawat, P. Meena, R. Prajapat, V. Kumari, S. Meena
The threat of mosquito-borne diseases has increased, which makes mosquito control a key concern worldwide. Aedes aegypti control is now more important than ever due to the outbreaks of Zika, Dengue, and Chikungunya. Furthermore, the excessive use of synthetic insecticides in mosquito control operations has led to significant levels of insecticide resistance, which has negatively impacted both human health and the environment. This research was intended to assess Ae. Aegypti susceptibility to the two different kinds of adulticides because dengue has grown prevalent in the Rajasthan. According to the CDC procedure, adult bioassays were carried out using lambda-cyhalothrin, Malathion, permethrin, deltamethrin and observed complete mortality to all insecticides from the Jaipur district of Rajasthan. Thus, at CDC recommended diagnostic doses, the current findings show 100% susceptibility to deltamethrin, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and Malathion. As a result, additional research should be planned to examine the regional diagnostic concentrations for several insecticides for the state of Rajasthan.
{"title":"Susceptibility status of dengue vector Aedes aegypti against the pyrethroids and organophosphate insecticides in Jaipur (Rajasthan) India","authors":"Neha Kumawat, P. Meena, R. Prajapat, V. Kumari, S. Meena","doi":"10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i4a.682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i4a.682","url":null,"abstract":"The threat of mosquito-borne diseases has increased, which makes mosquito control a key concern worldwide. Aedes aegypti control is now more important than ever due to the outbreaks of Zika, Dengue, and Chikungunya. Furthermore, the excessive use of synthetic insecticides in mosquito control operations has led to significant levels of insecticide resistance, which has negatively impacted both human health and the environment. This research was intended to assess Ae. Aegypti susceptibility to the two different kinds of adulticides because dengue has grown prevalent in the Rajasthan. According to the CDC procedure, adult bioassays were carried out using lambda-cyhalothrin, Malathion, permethrin, deltamethrin and observed complete mortality to all insecticides from the Jaipur district of Rajasthan. Thus, at CDC recommended diagnostic doses, the current findings show 100% susceptibility to deltamethrin, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and Malathion. As a result, additional research should be planned to examine the regional diagnostic concentrations for several insecticides for the state of Rajasthan.","PeriodicalId":14127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mosquito Research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80616694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i3a.678
P. Astalakshmi, M. John, K. G, D. Vimala
{"title":"Identification of the efficiency of Pentane on the bacterial and insecticide proteins of Aedes aegypti and Aeromonas hydrophila by Insilico methods","authors":"P. Astalakshmi, M. John, K. G, D. Vimala","doi":"10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i3a.678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i3a.678","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mosquito Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78913841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i1a.655
M. Paramanik, S. Chatterjee, G. Chandra
{"title":"Larvicidal efficacy of Vangueria spinosa Roxb. (Rubiaceae) leaf extracts against filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus","authors":"M. Paramanik, S. Chatterjee, G. Chandra","doi":"10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i1a.655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i1a.655","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mosquito Research","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86192596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i5b.708
Surabhi Chittora, Smriti Johari
Aedes albopictus, a potential vector of dengue and a significant global arbovirus carrier, has seen its geographical distribution expand due to trade and climate change. The accumulation of waste materials in metropolitan areas has provided breeding grounds for this mosquito species. Vector control is crucial in preventing disease transmission since widespread vaccination for vector-borne illnesses, such as dengue, remains inaccessible. However, the indiscriminate use of insecticides in proximity to human habitats has led to the development of insecticide resistance in Aedes albopictus. This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of Aedes albopictus strains from Barmer and Kota regions of Rajasthan to bio-essential oils, including pine, eucalyptus, and infusion of pine and eucalyptus oils. The results showed that Barmer strain exhibited greater susceptibility to these oils compared to the Kota strain. Pine oil was found to be effective in reducing larval populations, with a 1.19-fold higher susceptibility in the Barmer strain (LC50: 31.458 mg/l) than the Kota strain (LC50: 37.723 mg/l). Eucalyptus oil displayed LC50: 45.920 mg/l for Kota strain while Barmer strain had LC50: 36.763 mg/l. Similarly, infusion of pine and eucalyptus oils had greater efficacy in Barmer strain (LC50: 28.032 mg/l) than the Kota strain (32.197 mg/l). This research emphasizes the importance of tailored vector control measures based on local susceptibility patterns and highlights the potential of plant-based larvicides in disease management. These findings suggest that the Kota region may require more robust vector control strategies than the Barmer region.
{"title":"Assessing the effectiveness of bio essential oils on ecologically distinct populations of Aedes albopictus","authors":"Surabhi Chittora, Smriti Johari","doi":"10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i5b.708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/23487941.2023.v10.i5b.708","url":null,"abstract":"Aedes albopictus, a potential vector of dengue and a significant global arbovirus carrier, has seen its geographical distribution expand due to trade and climate change. The accumulation of waste materials in metropolitan areas has provided breeding grounds for this mosquito species. Vector control is crucial in preventing disease transmission since widespread vaccination for vector-borne illnesses, such as dengue, remains inaccessible. However, the indiscriminate use of insecticides in proximity to human habitats has led to the development of insecticide resistance in Aedes albopictus. This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of Aedes albopictus strains from Barmer and Kota regions of Rajasthan to bio-essential oils, including pine, eucalyptus, and infusion of pine and eucalyptus oils. The results showed that Barmer strain exhibited greater susceptibility to these oils compared to the Kota strain. Pine oil was found to be effective in reducing larval populations, with a 1.19-fold higher susceptibility in the Barmer strain (LC50: 31.458 mg/l) than the Kota strain (LC50: 37.723 mg/l). Eucalyptus oil displayed LC50: 45.920 mg/l for Kota strain while Barmer strain had LC50: 36.763 mg/l. Similarly, infusion of pine and eucalyptus oils had greater efficacy in Barmer strain (LC50: 28.032 mg/l) than the Kota strain (32.197 mg/l). This research emphasizes the importance of tailored vector control measures based on local susceptibility patterns and highlights the potential of plant-based larvicides in disease management. These findings suggest that the Kota region may require more robust vector control strategies than the Barmer region.","PeriodicalId":14127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mosquito Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135262548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.22271/23487941.2022.v9.i6a.639
R. Govoétchan, A. Sovi, R. Ossè, M. Akogbéto
The persistence of malaria transmission in areas with very arid environmental conditions remains enigmatic. The present study investigated seasonal variation of mosquito species composition and Kdr and Ace-1 mutations in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in the very arid district of Kandi in North-eastern Benin. Adult mosquitoes were sampled over 1 year using both human landing catches (HLC) and pyrethrum spray catches in 4 villages belonging to 2 areas of different levels of aridity. The collections were carried out on a bi-monthly basis in the wet season, and once every month in the dry season to better capture the entomological situation in drought period. Females An. gambiae s.l. specimens were kept aside and analysed by PCR for species identification. Presence of kdr and Ace-1 mutations was also assessed in the An. gambiae s.l. collection. A total of 2,211 host-seeking mosquitoes belonging to 15 species were collected in the study area. An. gambiae s.l. was the most abundant species and represented 67% of the collection. Other Anopheles species were found at very low frequency among which An. funestus , An. pharoensis , An. broheri and An. coustani . Molecular species identification showed in dry season a significantly higher frequency of An. coluzzii over An. gambiae s. s. in both less dry (70% vs 29% with p < 0.001) and driest (70% vs 30% and p = 0.034) areas of the district of Kandi. In the rainy season, there was similar frequency of An. coluzzii and An. gambiae s. s. in the less arid area (53% vs 45%; p = 0.153), while An. coluzzii remained significantly predominant (62% vs 38%; p = 0.012) in the driest zone. The frequency of kdr mutation was significantly higher in dry season than in rainy season (93% vs 84%; p < 0.001), while no Ace-1 mutation was detected in the collection. In the current context of climate change marked by increasingly high temperatures and longer droughts, suitable vector control should be designed taking into account characteristics of the vector population maintaining malaria transmission in such arid environmental conditions.
在环境条件非常干旱的地区，疟疾的持续传播仍然是个谜。本研究调查了贝宁东北部干旱地区冈比亚按蚊种群组成及Kdr和Ace-1突变的季节变化。在2个不同干旱程度地区的4个村庄，采用人落捕法和除虫菊喷雾法对成蚊进行1年取样。在丰水期每两个月采集一次，在旱季每月采集一次，以便更好地捕捉干旱期昆虫学状况。雌性的。冈比亚虫标本保存，用PCR法进行物种鉴定。在An中也评估了kdr和Ace-1突变的存在。冈比亚s.l.收集。在研究区共捕获15种、2211只寻宿主蚊。一个。冈比亚种(Gambiae s.l.)数量最多，占标本总数的67%。其他按蚊种类的发现频率很低，其中安氏按蚊。funestus, An。安。broheri和An。coustani。分子物种鉴定表明，旱季黄杨的发生频率显著高于旱季黄杨。coluzzii over An。冈比亚在坎迪地区不太干燥的地区(70%对29%，p < 0.001)和最干燥的地区(70%对30%，p = 0.034)均存在。在雨季，安的频率相似。coluzzi和An。冈比亚在干旱较少的地区(53% vs 45%);p = 0.153);Coluzzii仍然占据显著优势(62% vs 38%);P = 0.012)。旱季kdr突变频率显著高于雨季(93% vs 84%;p < 0.001)，未检出Ace-1突变。当前气候变化的特点是气温越来越高，干旱时间更长，在设计适当的病媒控制时，应考虑到在这种干旱环境条件下保持疟疾传播的病媒种群的特点。
{"title":"Seasonal change in species composition and target-site mutations in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in the severe drought area of Kandi, North-eastern Benin","authors":"R. Govoétchan, A. Sovi, R. Ossè, M. Akogbéto","doi":"10.22271/23487941.2022.v9.i6a.639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/23487941.2022.v9.i6a.639","url":null,"abstract":"The persistence of malaria transmission in areas with very arid environmental conditions remains enigmatic. The present study investigated seasonal variation of mosquito species composition and Kdr and Ace-1 mutations in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in the very arid district of Kandi in North-eastern Benin. Adult mosquitoes were sampled over 1 year using both human landing catches (HLC) and pyrethrum spray catches in 4 villages belonging to 2 areas of different levels of aridity. The collections were carried out on a bi-monthly basis in the wet season, and once every month in the dry season to better capture the entomological situation in drought period. Females An. gambiae s.l. specimens were kept aside and analysed by PCR for species identification. Presence of kdr and Ace-1 mutations was also assessed in the An. gambiae s.l. collection. A total of 2,211 host-seeking mosquitoes belonging to 15 species were collected in the study area. An. gambiae s.l. was the most abundant species and represented 67% of the collection. Other Anopheles species were found at very low frequency among which An. funestus , An. pharoensis , An. broheri and An. coustani . Molecular species identification showed in dry season a significantly higher frequency of An. coluzzii over An. gambiae s. s. in both less dry (70% vs 29% with p < 0.001) and driest (70% vs 30% and p = 0.034) areas of the district of Kandi. In the rainy season, there was similar frequency of An. coluzzii and An. gambiae s. s. in the less arid area (53% vs 45%; p = 0.153), while An. coluzzii remained significantly predominant (62% vs 38%; p = 0.012) in the driest zone. The frequency of kdr mutation was significantly higher in dry season than in rainy season (93% vs 84%; p < 0.001), while no Ace-1 mutation was detected in the collection. In the current context of climate change marked by increasingly high temperatures and longer droughts, suitable vector control should be designed taking into account characteristics of the vector population maintaining malaria transmission in such arid environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":14127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mosquito Research","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74749917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.22271/23487941.2022.v9.i6a.634
Hitesh Singh, Manisha Kirar, N. Sehrawat
{"title":"In-silico characterization and evolutionary analysis of conserved GPI-anchored protein SGU (Secretory Glycoconjugate of Unknownfunction) in Anopheles gambiae","authors":"Hitesh Singh, Manisha Kirar, N. Sehrawat","doi":"10.22271/23487941.2022.v9.i6a.634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/23487941.2022.v9.i6a.634","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14127,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mosquito Research","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85763333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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