Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1229
Qibin Li, Hong Liu
In southern China, where there is no district heating in residential buildings, the thermal comfort of indoor occupants cannot be guaranteed in winter due to the high energy consumption of whole-space heating. Foot Heating Pad (FHP), as a Personal Comfort System (PCS) device, enables occupants to improve thermal comfort with less cost. In this study, the effects of local heating by FHP on foot skin temperatures and thermal comfort were investigated, and the energy-efficiency performance of FHP was analyzed. A heat transfer model of human foot, which consists of four layers of body tissues, was established to simulate the foot temperatures under continuous and intermittent heating, and the numerical simulation of the model was accomplished using ANSYS. Besides, an FHP (36 W) based on Peltier heater was proposed and developed to heat the foot, and a climate chamber experiment involving 16 subjects was performed to collect subjects’ thermal comfort votes at three ambient temperature conditions of 8 °C, 11 °C, and 14 °C. The simulation results show that the foot skin temperature was significantly enhanced, and the plantar skin temperature increased by seven Temperature (K). Besides, there was no significant difference in foot temperature distribution between intermittent heating and continuous heating. However, the experimental results indicated that continuous heating was more effective in enhancing subjects’ thermal comfort and was able to ensure a neutral overall thermal sensation in a 14 °C environment. The Corrective Power (CP) of FHP was 7K and the Corrective Energy & Power (CEP) was 5.1W/K. This study is expected to provide guidance for the optimization design of PCS devices.
{"title":"Heating Performance and Energy-Efficiency Evaluation of a Personal Heating Device: Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation","authors":"Qibin Li, Hong Liu","doi":"10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1229","url":null,"abstract":"In southern China, where there is no district heating in residential buildings, the thermal comfort of indoor occupants cannot be guaranteed in winter due to the high energy consumption of whole-space heating. Foot Heating Pad (FHP), as a Personal Comfort System (PCS) device, enables occupants to improve thermal comfort with less cost. In this study, the effects of local heating by FHP on foot skin temperatures and thermal comfort were investigated, and the energy-efficiency performance of FHP was analyzed. A heat transfer model of human foot, which consists of four layers of body tissues, was established to simulate the foot temperatures under continuous and intermittent heating, and the numerical simulation of the model was accomplished using ANSYS. Besides, an FHP (36 W) based on Peltier heater was proposed and developed to heat the foot, and a climate chamber experiment involving 16 subjects was performed to collect subjects’ thermal comfort votes at three ambient temperature conditions of 8 °C, 11 °C, and 14 °C. The simulation results show that the foot skin temperature was significantly enhanced, and the plantar skin temperature increased by seven Temperature (K). Besides, there was no significant difference in foot temperature distribution between intermittent heating and continuous heating. However, the experimental results indicated that continuous heating was more effective in enhancing subjects’ thermal comfort and was able to ensure a neutral overall thermal sensation in a 14 °C environment. The Corrective Power (CP) of FHP was 7K and the Corrective Energy & Power (CEP) was 5.1W/K. This study is expected to provide guidance for the optimization design of PCS devices.","PeriodicalId":14142,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88392410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1230
Huijuan Lu
The goal of cite space mapping analysis is to identify structures and then make comparison of the related mapping objects, such as probing knowledge structures, scientific change, research frontiers, invisible contact, and domain analysis, etc. In this study, Cite Space software was used to analyze the knowledge map of the published research articles containing “animal images” in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to provide a basis for relevant research work.
{"title":"Visual Analysis of the Hot-Spots and Trends of Literary “Animal Image” Research in CNKI Based on Cite Space","authors":"Huijuan Lu","doi":"10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1230","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of cite space mapping analysis is to identify structures and then make comparison of the related mapping objects, such as probing knowledge structures, scientific change, research frontiers, invisible contact, and domain analysis, etc. In this study, Cite Space software was used to analyze the knowledge map of the published research articles containing “animal images” in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to provide a basis for relevant research work.","PeriodicalId":14142,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81347719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1233
Zhenzhen Cai, Jun Wang, Xuyin Lin, Tuanyu Guo
Nowadays, pollution caused by heavy metals has become an urgent problem to be solved today, especially Hg(II) in heavy metals can cause diarrhea, neurological weakness and serious life threatening. Therefore, new materials are urgently needed to adsorb Hg(II) ions in water. Herein, we loaded sulfide (CuS) particles onto SiO2 aerogel obtained from boron slag, which was used to prepare new SiO2/CuS adsorbents. The influence of pH in the solution, the initial Hg(II) ion concentration, contact time, and co-existing cations on the adsorption behavior of mercury(II) ions by SiO2/CuS was investigated. At the optimal conditions, the removal rate and adsorption amount of mercury(II) ions by SiO2/CuS reached 93.16% and 232.90 mg/g within 60 min. The results show that the adsorption process of SiO2/CuS is consistent with the PSO model. The adsorption mechanism of SiO2/CuS on Hg(II) ions is a chemisorption process.
{"title":"Rapid and Effective Absorption of Mercury(II) in Aqueous Solution Using CuS Composites Supported by SiO2 Aerogel","authors":"Zhenzhen Cai, Jun Wang, Xuyin Lin, Tuanyu Guo","doi":"10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1233","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, pollution caused by heavy metals has become an urgent problem to be solved today, especially Hg(II) in heavy metals can cause diarrhea, neurological weakness and serious life threatening. Therefore, new materials are urgently needed to adsorb Hg(II) ions in water. Herein, we loaded sulfide (CuS) particles onto SiO2 aerogel obtained from boron slag, which was used to prepare new SiO2/CuS adsorbents. The influence of pH in the solution, the initial Hg(II) ion concentration, contact time, and co-existing cations on the adsorption behavior of mercury(II) ions by SiO2/CuS was investigated. At the optimal conditions, the removal rate and adsorption amount of mercury(II) ions by SiO2/CuS reached 93.16% and 232.90 mg/g within 60 min. The results show that the adsorption process of SiO2/CuS is consistent with the PSO model. The adsorption mechanism of SiO2/CuS on Hg(II) ions is a chemisorption process.","PeriodicalId":14142,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87602481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1225
R. Nag, M. Clifford, A. Long
Tossa jute yarn as received from the supplier is denoted as “hairy yarn” and after removing hairs, yarn is denoted as “hairless yarn”. Hairs are removed manually by burning using a candle flame. Tensile properties of hairy and hairless yarn are measured. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and fourier transform infrared analysis are performed to understand the difference in properties between hairy and hairless yarns. Unidirectional (UD) mat of “unsized yarn” is prepared by wrapping it on a metal frame and UD mat of “sized yarn” is prepared by wrapping it on a drum and applying hydroxyethyl cellulose solution (a water based adhesive) as binder. Unidirectional composites are manufactured using hairy and hairless yarns separately. Unsaturated polyester resin is used as matrix and composites are manufactured via resin transfer moulding. Composites test results show an increase in tensile modulus (5.5%) and decrease in strain at failure (7.5%) of composites manufactured with unsized hairy yarn compared to those manufactured with unsized hairless yarn in the longitudinal direction. Composites manufactured with unsized hairy yarn shows an increase in strain at failure (86%) compared to that of composites manufactured with unsized hairless yarn in transverse direction.
{"title":"Influence of Yarn Hairiness on the Mechanical Properties of Unidirectional Jute Polyester Composites","authors":"R. Nag, M. Clifford, A. Long","doi":"10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1225","url":null,"abstract":"Tossa jute yarn as received from the supplier is denoted as “hairy yarn” and after removing hairs, yarn is denoted as “hairless yarn”. Hairs are removed manually by burning using a candle flame. Tensile properties of hairy and hairless yarn are measured. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and fourier transform infrared analysis are performed to understand the difference in properties between hairy and hairless yarns. Unidirectional (UD) mat of “unsized yarn” is prepared by wrapping it on a metal frame and UD mat of “sized yarn” is prepared by wrapping it on a drum and applying hydroxyethyl cellulose solution (a water based adhesive) as binder. Unidirectional composites are manufactured using hairy and hairless yarns separately. Unsaturated polyester resin is used as matrix and composites are manufactured via resin transfer moulding. Composites test results show an increase in tensile modulus (5.5%) and decrease in strain at failure (7.5%) of composites manufactured with unsized hairy yarn compared to those manufactured with unsized hairless yarn in the longitudinal direction. Composites manufactured with unsized hairy yarn shows an increase in strain at failure (86%) compared to that of composites manufactured with unsized hairless yarn in transverse direction.","PeriodicalId":14142,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78646039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The identification of biological aerosols is a subject of worldwide interest because of the potential for biological terrorism and the increase in public health emergencies. Laser-induced fluorescence is widely used to investigate the fluorescence properties of biomolecules and spores in solution; however, data on the fluorescence properties of the aerosolized forms are lacking. In this study, we report the fluorescence properties of tryptophan, serotonin, tyrosine, vitamin B6, and Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus subtilis spores in solution and aerosol form. Our results show that the shapes of the fluorescence spectra were generally consistent between the solution and aerosol states despite some wavelength shifts in the emission spectra. In contrast, the fluorescence intensity of the emissions varied significantly between the solutions and aerosols. Given the growing global interest in accurate measurement of airborne biological molecules and particles, our findings provide a useful baseline for further research into the development of laser-induced fluorescence-based bioaerosol detection instruments and can guide the ongoing design of effective measurement and engineering technologies.
{"title":"Comparison of the Fluorescence Properties of Biological Solutions and Aerosols","authors":"Yanlei Li, Yi Cai, Zhe Yang, Haiyan Chen, Zhanying Zhang, Dongsheng Yu, Weikai Fang, Yanfei Wang, Chidong Xu","doi":"10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1231","url":null,"abstract":"The identification of biological aerosols is a subject of worldwide interest because of the potential for biological terrorism and the increase in public health emergencies. Laser-induced fluorescence is widely used to investigate the fluorescence properties of biomolecules and spores in solution; however, data on the fluorescence properties of the aerosolized forms are lacking. In this study, we report the fluorescence properties of tryptophan, serotonin, tyrosine, vitamin B6, and Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus subtilis spores in solution and aerosol form. Our results show that the shapes of the fluorescence spectra were generally consistent between the solution and aerosol states despite some wavelength shifts in the emission spectra. In contrast, the fluorescence intensity of the emissions varied significantly between the solutions and aerosols. Given the growing global interest in accurate measurement of airborne biological molecules and particles, our findings provide a useful baseline for further research into the development of laser-induced fluorescence-based bioaerosol detection instruments and can guide the ongoing design of effective measurement and engineering technologies.","PeriodicalId":14142,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74220635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1227
Esra Çakır, Furkan Erdi, E. Demircioglu, M. Taş
With the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, major established health rituals were forced to transform. The most well-known of these is the medical mask, which is widely used and required to be worn in designated areas. Although pandemic regulations have been relaxed recently, health authorities agree that wearing masks, especially in closed areas, is a life-saving measure. Proper use of face masks is one of the most effective, easy and inexpensive actions to prevent the rapid spread of viruses indoors. By examining the use of masks in closed areas, the risk of transmission of the virus can be analyzed, and the measures can be determined correctly. Taking advantage of up-to-date technological equipment and approaches are important tools for making these determinations accurately and easily. In this study, the risk of indoor virus transmission from mask wearing styles is analyzed with an integrated method that includes Machine Learning (ML) and Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) approach. In order to achieve this, images taken from the camera of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), which is one of the current technologies suitable for contactless, mobile operations, were used. While determining the mask wearing status with the help of machine learning over the images, the ambient temperature and the mask wearing ratio gave the risk results with the fuzzy inference system. The results are intended to guide decision makers in identifying and implementing measures to reduce and prevent the spread of the virus indoors.
{"title":"A Hybrid Machine Learning and Fuzzy Inference Approach with UAV for Indoor Virus Contamination Risk","authors":"Esra Çakır, Furkan Erdi, E. Demircioglu, M. Taş","doi":"10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1227","url":null,"abstract":"With the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, major established health rituals were forced to transform. The most well-known of these is the medical mask, which is widely used and required to be worn in designated areas. Although pandemic regulations have been relaxed recently, health authorities agree that wearing masks, especially in closed areas, is a life-saving measure. Proper use of face masks is one of the most effective, easy and inexpensive actions to prevent the rapid spread of viruses indoors. By examining the use of masks in closed areas, the risk of transmission of the virus can be analyzed, and the measures can be determined correctly. Taking advantage of up-to-date technological equipment and approaches are important tools for making these determinations accurately and easily. In this study, the risk of indoor virus transmission from mask wearing styles is analyzed with an integrated method that includes Machine Learning (ML) and Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) approach. In order to achieve this, images taken from the camera of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), which is one of the current technologies suitable for contactless, mobile operations, were used. While determining the mask wearing status with the help of machine learning over the images, the ambient temperature and the mask wearing ratio gave the risk results with the fuzzy inference system. The results are intended to guide decision makers in identifying and implementing measures to reduce and prevent the spread of the virus indoors.","PeriodicalId":14142,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75705454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1232
A. Sanonok, P. Patthamanawin, C. Pornsing, N. Sangkhiew, A. Jatephook, C. Intawongse, P. Jomtong
Nowadays, electricity is the energy source that is most conveniently and comfortably transferred to the consumer since it can be wired directly from the energy source to the user. It can be easily transformed into other energy types and kept in reserve. Natural gas is the primary fuel produced in Thailand due to its minimum cost and it’s also a sustainable alternative. However, due to the annual shutdown of gas pipelines and drilling sites are forced to use Fuel Oil (FO) and High-Speed Diesel (HSD) instead of natural gas to produce electricity. This paper is a study of the oil transportation systems of each alternative, which consists of alternative I being the main oil distribution center, alternative II being the main oil distribution center and the old oil distribution centers A and B, and alternative III being the new oil distribution centers C and D to study the feasibility of the location selection for oil distribution center during this shutdown period. According to the simulation and economic analysis, the Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of each alternative are known, which will be taken into account at the meeting with management. The result was found that alternative III should be chosen because it can satisfy both the quantitative and qualitative. Furthermore, we conducted the sensitivity analysis, it was found that increased investment selections. On the other hand, it will make investment selections.
{"title":"Feasibility Study of the Location Selection for Oil Distribution Center with Sensitivity Analysis Case Study: A Sample Oil Company","authors":"A. Sanonok, P. Patthamanawin, C. Pornsing, N. Sangkhiew, A. Jatephook, C. Intawongse, P. Jomtong","doi":"10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1232","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, electricity is the energy source that is most conveniently and comfortably transferred to the consumer since it can be wired directly from the energy source to the user. It can be easily transformed into other energy types and kept in reserve. Natural gas is the primary fuel produced in Thailand due to its minimum cost and it’s also a sustainable alternative. However, due to the annual shutdown of gas pipelines and drilling sites are forced to use Fuel Oil (FO) and High-Speed Diesel (HSD) instead of natural gas to produce electricity. This paper is a study of the oil transportation systems of each alternative, which consists of alternative I being the main oil distribution center, alternative II being the main oil distribution center and the old oil distribution centers A and B, and alternative III being the new oil distribution centers C and D to study the feasibility of the location selection for oil distribution center during this shutdown period. According to the simulation and economic analysis, the Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of each alternative are known, which will be taken into account at the meeting with management. The result was found that alternative III should be chosen because it can satisfy both the quantitative and qualitative. Furthermore, we conducted the sensitivity analysis, it was found that increased investment selections. On the other hand, it will make investment selections.","PeriodicalId":14142,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80805580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1226
N. Dung, N. Thuan
The avocado is a nutritious fruit that originated from tropical countries such as Central and Southern America, and Southeast Asia. From the commercial point of view, it is an important fruit with a total world production is around eight million tons in 2020. Fresh avocados can be consumed directly or stored before advanced processing. The drying technique can be applied as an efficient post-harvesting technique to prolong the storage time of avocados. In this paper, heat pump drying experiments were performed to evaluate the influence of drying conditions on the drying time, the moisture diffusion coefficient, and the color change of avocado slices. It was obtained that color change can be decreased by increasing the drying temperature from 35 °C to 50 °C. Additionally, the effective moisture diffusivity was enhanced approximately two times by increasing temperature. It was suggested that a drying temperature of 50 °C should be used for the heat pump drying system operation and design to shorten drying time and prevented the quality of avocado. Additionally, empirical models were established to describe the drying behavior of avocados. The results indicated that the Page model can reflect well the evolution of moisture content over time with determination coefficient R2 greater than 0.996.
{"title":"Influence of Drying Temperature on Drying Kinetics and Appearance of Avocado Slices in Heat Pump Drying Process","authors":"N. Dung, N. Thuan","doi":"10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1226","url":null,"abstract":"The avocado is a nutritious fruit that originated from tropical countries such as Central and Southern America, and Southeast Asia. From the commercial point of view, it is an important fruit with a total world production is around eight million tons in 2020. Fresh avocados can be consumed directly or stored before advanced processing. The drying technique can be applied as an efficient post-harvesting technique to prolong the storage time of avocados. In this paper, heat pump drying experiments were performed to evaluate the influence of drying conditions on the drying time, the moisture diffusion coefficient, and the color change of avocado slices. It was obtained that color change can be decreased by increasing the drying temperature from 35 °C to 50 °C. Additionally, the effective moisture diffusivity was enhanced approximately two times by increasing temperature. It was suggested that a drying temperature of 50 °C should be used for the heat pump drying system operation and design to shorten drying time and prevented the quality of avocado. Additionally, empirical models were established to describe the drying behavior of avocados. The results indicated that the Page model can reflect well the evolution of moisture content over time with determination coefficient R2 greater than 0.996.","PeriodicalId":14142,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86408878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1228
Qiqi Liu, Chenghao Zhu, Xin Wu
The design of Eco Learning Camps (ELC) for primary and secondary school students endeavors in building individuals’ awareness to care for the environment through environmental-based value education. Against the backdrop of achieving China’s goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, it seems to be an urgent task to answer the question of how to reduce the carbon footprint of buildings in the design and operation of ELC. This paper selects the camp of ancient dragon kiln in Huangshi Village, a village in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, as a case study for design and research. Comparing with relevant cases, it finds out that the carbon footprints of different building materials used in the existing Eco educational buildings are much lower comparing with the traditional building materials. The results of this study show that carbon emissions can be significantly reduced by replacing the main building materials of the camp. On this basis, this study proposes the four major design strategies that need to be followed in the selection of materials for the design of ELC.
{"title":"The Building Material Use Study of the Eco Learning Camps Design for Elementary and Middle School Students: A Case Study","authors":"Qiqi Liu, Chenghao Zhu, Xin Wu","doi":"10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1228","url":null,"abstract":"The design of Eco Learning Camps (ELC) for primary and secondary school students endeavors in building individuals’ awareness to care for the environment through environmental-based value education. Against the backdrop of achieving China’s goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, it seems to be an urgent task to answer the question of how to reduce the carbon footprint of buildings in the design and operation of ELC. This paper selects the camp of ancient dragon kiln in Huangshi Village, a village in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, as a case study for design and research. Comparing with relevant cases, it finds out that the carbon footprints of different building materials used in the existing Eco educational buildings are much lower comparing with the traditional building materials. The results of this study show that carbon emissions can be significantly reduced by replacing the main building materials of the camp. On this basis, this study proposes the four major design strategies that need to be followed in the selection of materials for the design of ELC.","PeriodicalId":14142,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78955001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1224
Asiye Öztürk
With the structural change in the electrical energy supply, supply-related processes and procedures are increasingly being modified. Due to the gradual decentralization of electrical energy generation and the network expansion required for this, new requirements are being placed on the electrotechnical processes and the information and communication technology processes. A currently promising concept for solving these challenges in favor of transmission operators and distribution system operators is the integration of a so-called virtual power plant. Virtual power plants act as an integral part of the future electrical supply system between the critical infrastructure and the distribution network operators as well as transmission system operators in the field of remote monitoring and remote control of decentralized energy generation systems. With the classification of a virtual power plant as a critical infrastructure, the importance of these entities as an active member of the German electrical energy system in the interest of compliance with electrical and information technology security is explicitly emphasized. As a critical infrastructure, virtual power plants are committed to achieving a minimum level of information security. Chapter 6.1.3 of DIN EN ISO/IEC TR 27019:2020 recommends that virtual power plants maintain contacts with certain Computer Emergency Response Team organizations. However, it turns out that there is currently no organizational model for a computer emergency response team that focuses on virtual power plants in targeting its target group. Thus, the main goal of the present elaboration is the completion of a scientifically based approach, which deals with the efficiency of a possible solution to the problem of designing integrative security processes for the provision of Computer Emergency Response Team services, which is growing out of practical relevance to be solved in virtual power plants. The assumption here is that there is a need for research at this point about the challenges of the energy transition that have not yet been clearly presented.
随着电力供应结构的变化，与供应有关的流程和程序也在不断修改。由于电力生产的逐渐分散和为此所需的网络扩大，对电工工艺和信息和通信技术工艺提出了新的要求。为了解决这些挑战，目前有一个有利于输电运营商和配电系统运营商的有前途的概念是所谓的虚拟发电厂的整合。在分布式发电系统的远程监控和远程控制领域，虚拟电厂是关键基础设施与配电网运营商以及输电系统运营商之间未来电力供应系统的重要组成部分。随着虚拟电厂作为关键基础设施的分类，这些实体作为德国电力能源系统中符合电气和信息技术安全利益的积极成员的重要性得到明确强调。作为关键的基础设施，虚拟电厂致力于实现最低水平的信息安全。DIN EN ISO/IEC TR 27019:2020第6.1.3章建议虚拟发电厂与某些计算机应急响应小组组织保持联系。然而，事实证明，目前还没有一个计算机应急响应小组的组织模式，以虚拟电厂为重点，针对其目标群体。因此，目前阐述的主要目标是完成一种以科学为基础的方法，该方法涉及为提供计算机应急小组服务而设计综合安全流程的问题的可能解决办法的效率，这一问题正在脱离虚拟发电厂解决的实际意义。这里的假设是，在这一点上，有必要对尚未明确提出的能源转型挑战进行研究。
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