Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1209
Y. H. Cao
Shikimic acid is an important intermediate to oseltamivir phosphate which is the most effective drug for treating bird flu disease. This study was performed to determine the shikimic acid distribution of Illicium lanceolatum which was affected by its age, light condition and ecotype. The results indicated that the age of trees had an optimal effect on its content of leaves and it maintained at the highest level as trees grew. Whereas the content in root and branch declined with increasing age. The 50% light condition promoted accumulation of schikimic acid and the leaf contained the highest level of that regardless of the light conditions. The Wu’ning ecotype produced the largest amount of that in all organs. The result that the shikimic acid content in the leaves was higher than in the root indicated that the leaves can substitute for the root which was a traditional medicinal part. Possible mechanisms for the enhanced content are discussed. Findings from this study have provided the scientific bases for promoting shikimic acid industry, and developing a high efficiency artificial cultivation system of I.lanceolatum.
{"title":"Distribution Differences of Shikimic Acid in Cultivated Illicium lanceolatum","authors":"Y. H. Cao","doi":"10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1209","url":null,"abstract":"Shikimic acid is an important intermediate to oseltamivir phosphate which is the most effective drug for treating bird flu disease. This study was performed to determine the shikimic acid distribution of Illicium lanceolatum which was affected by its age, light condition and ecotype. The results indicated that the age of trees had an optimal effect on its content of leaves and it maintained at the highest level as trees grew. Whereas the content in root and branch declined with increasing age. The 50% light condition promoted accumulation of schikimic acid and the leaf contained the highest level of that regardless of the light conditions. The Wu’ning ecotype produced the largest amount of that in all organs. The result that the shikimic acid content in the leaves was higher than in the root indicated that the leaves can substitute for the root which was a traditional medicinal part. Possible mechanisms for the enhanced content are discussed. Findings from this study have provided the scientific bases for promoting shikimic acid industry, and developing a high efficiency artificial cultivation system of I.lanceolatum.","PeriodicalId":14142,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90228361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1210
Cathbert Nomwesigwa, N. Noby, S. Hammad, A. Abdel-Mawgood
The introduced study aims to isolate potent lipase producing strain from extreme habitats. The aim is extended to characterize the produced enzyme with respect to the effect of salt, temperature, pH and different organic solvents. Tween 80 plate method was used for discriminating lipase producing strains in the isolation step. Lipase activity of the selected isolates was confirmed through Rhodamine B plate assay. The enzyme of the most potent isolate was partially purified using 80% ammonium sulphate, quantified, and characterized using the synthetic substrate, para nitrophenyl laurate (pNP-C12). Twenty-three lipase-producing isolates were screened from different soil samples in Wadi El-Natrun, Egypt. Among the tested strains, a thermo- halo-tolerant bacterial isolate identified as Bacillus sp. was the most potent in terms of lipase production under high temperature and high salt concentration. The enzyme displayed its optimal activity at 60 oC and 2 M NaCl. Moreover, it showed a robust stability in 4M NaCl up to 2 h incubation time. Non-polar solvents have significantly raised the enzyme activity by 300% and 350% for ethyl acetate and n-hexane, respectively. The obtained data introduces useful insights for applying lipases in chemical catalysis and food processing fields.
本研究旨在从极端环境中分离出强效脂肪酶产生菌株。目的扩展到表征所生产的酶对盐，温度，pH值和不同的有机溶剂的影响。采用吐温80平板法对脂肪酶产菌进行分离鉴定。通过罗丹明B平板法测定所选菌株的脂肪酶活性。最有效的分离物的酶用80%的硫酸铵进行部分纯化，用合成底物对硝基苯基月桂酸酯(pNP-C12)进行定量和表征。从埃及Wadi El-Natrun的不同土壤样品中筛选了23株产脂肪酶的分离株。结果表明，在高温、高盐浓度条件下，芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)产脂酶能力最强。该酶在60℃、2 M NaCl条件下活性最佳。在4M NaCl中培养2 h，表现出较强的稳定性。非极性溶剂对乙酸乙酯和正己烷的酶活性分别提高了300%和350%。所得数据为脂肪酶在化学催化和食品加工领域的应用提供了有用的见解。
{"title":"Screening for Extremophilic Lipase Producing Bacteria: Partial Purification and Characterization of Thermo-Halophilic, Solvent Tolerant Lipase from Bacillus sp.","authors":"Cathbert Nomwesigwa, N. Noby, S. Hammad, A. Abdel-Mawgood","doi":"10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1210","url":null,"abstract":"The introduced study aims to isolate potent lipase producing strain from extreme habitats. The aim is extended to characterize the produced enzyme with respect to the effect of salt, temperature, pH and different organic solvents. Tween 80 plate method was used for discriminating lipase producing strains in the isolation step. Lipase activity of the selected isolates was confirmed through Rhodamine B plate assay. The enzyme of the most potent isolate was partially purified using 80% ammonium sulphate, quantified, and characterized using the synthetic substrate, para nitrophenyl laurate (pNP-C12). Twenty-three lipase-producing isolates were screened from different soil samples in Wadi El-Natrun, Egypt. Among the tested strains, a thermo- halo-tolerant bacterial isolate identified as Bacillus sp. was the most potent in terms of lipase production under high temperature and high salt concentration. The enzyme displayed its optimal activity at 60 oC and 2 M NaCl. Moreover, it showed a robust stability in 4M NaCl up to 2 h incubation time. Non-polar solvents have significantly raised the enzyme activity by 300% and 350% for ethyl acetate and n-hexane, respectively. The obtained data introduces useful insights for applying lipases in chemical catalysis and food processing fields.","PeriodicalId":14142,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73070103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1214
Yongxue Wei, Yi Ding, Siyuan Zhang, Guihao Pan, Tianqi Jiang
In this paper, we modify the audio files recorded by IOS “Voice Memo” by cutting and erasing them in the software, and use various software and websites to authenticate the audio files originality by taking the method of graphical analysis and metadata feature analysis of the files. By comparison, we find out the differences of the original and modified audio files and the general method of judging the originality of audio files. The results of the experiments show that the audio files generated by the IOS system's own voice memo are in M4A format by default and that the audio files generated in the IOS system environment have the important feature of system version information encoding.
{"title":"IOS “Voice Memo” Audio Files Originality Authentication","authors":"Yongxue Wei, Yi Ding, Siyuan Zhang, Guihao Pan, Tianqi Jiang","doi":"10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1214","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we modify the audio files recorded by IOS “Voice Memo” by cutting and erasing them in the software, and use various software and websites to authenticate the audio files originality by taking the method of graphical analysis and metadata feature analysis of the files. By comparison, we find out the differences of the original and modified audio files and the general method of judging the originality of audio files. The results of the experiments show that the audio files generated by the IOS system's own voice memo are in M4A format by default and that the audio files generated in the IOS system environment have the important feature of system version information encoding.","PeriodicalId":14142,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72721666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1212
Tuğba Tezcan, Banu Sezer, U. Tamer, I. Boyaci
Lithium is one of the most important materials in re-chargeable battery as well as pharmaceutical and automotive industry. Due to the increasing demand for lithium for industrial production and daily usage, the reliable detection and recovery of lithium, a non-renewable metal, from water resources is an essential requirement. In this work, we performed lithium detection using surface enhanced laser induced breakdown spectroscopy on aluminium (Al) substrate for three different matrices, sea, river and municipal water. We also examined the matrix effect on sensitivity of lithium detection. Lithium spiked samples in different concentration (0- 100 ppm) was dried on an Al surface. The specific emission line of Li 670 nm was used for quantitative analysis. The intensity of Li was obtained about 15 times on Al substrate better than microscope glass. The limit of detection (LOD) value achieved to 0.138 ppm. No significant matrix effect was observed in the different water sources. Good reliability was obtained for intra and inter-day precision methods with RSD is <3.7% and<7.3% respectively in all water samples. Total analysis time including sample preparation is approximately in 1 min. We demonstrated that SENLIBS method provides rapid, high accuracy and repeatability of sensitive Li detection in different water sources.
{"title":"Rapid and Reliable Detection of Lithium in Water Sources Using Surface Enhanced Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (SENLIBS) on Aluminium Substrate","authors":"Tuğba Tezcan, Banu Sezer, U. Tamer, I. Boyaci","doi":"10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1212","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium is one of the most important materials in re-chargeable battery as well as pharmaceutical and automotive industry. Due to the increasing demand for lithium for industrial production and daily usage, the reliable detection and recovery of lithium, a non-renewable metal, from water resources is an essential requirement. In this work, we performed lithium detection using surface enhanced laser induced breakdown spectroscopy on aluminium (Al) substrate for three different matrices, sea, river and municipal water. We also examined the matrix effect on sensitivity of lithium detection. Lithium spiked samples in different concentration (0- 100 ppm) was dried on an Al surface. The specific emission line of Li 670 nm was used for quantitative analysis. The intensity of Li was obtained about 15 times on Al substrate better than microscope glass. The limit of detection (LOD) value achieved to 0.138 ppm. No significant matrix effect was observed in the different water sources. Good reliability was obtained for intra and inter-day precision methods with RSD is <3.7% and<7.3% respectively in all water samples. Total analysis time including sample preparation is approximately in 1 min. We demonstrated that SENLIBS method provides rapid, high accuracy and repeatability of sensitive Li detection in different water sources.","PeriodicalId":14142,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83363114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1213
Ruilin Miao
This article describes the plant selection for Bioretention, a common category of green infrastructure, and how it relates to the functions of bio-retentions. Bio-retentions are type of green infrastructures, focusing on controlling runoffs and then infiltrations with flexible configurations, allowing different plant choices function in different ways, which are briefly commented by this article. Information from a BMP (Best-Management practice) mapping tool, including summary reports about bio-retention sites’ characteristics, rainfall and runoff volume are used as primary source of data in this study. Four sites were selected with relatively integrate summary reports (with enough important information including plant coverage and rate of impervious) and summarized the reports into table form. We compare details through the summary table. Overall, designing and choosing plants for bio-retentions are many-sided, and the existing plant choices fits respective sites’ characteristics. Further research can focus on subjoining parameters and applying statistical models to the summarized dataset.
{"title":"Brief Comments on Common Plant Choices of Bioretention Based on Different Green Infrastructures (GI) Sites Characteristics","authors":"Ruilin Miao","doi":"10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1213","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the plant selection for Bioretention, a common category of green infrastructure, and how it relates to the functions of bio-retentions. Bio-retentions are type of green infrastructures, focusing on controlling runoffs and then infiltrations with flexible configurations, allowing different plant choices function in different ways, which are briefly commented by this article. Information from a BMP (Best-Management practice) mapping tool, including summary reports about bio-retention sites’ characteristics, rainfall and runoff volume are used as primary source of data in this study. Four sites were selected with relatively integrate summary reports (with enough important information including plant coverage and rate of impervious) and summarized the reports into table form. We compare details through the summary table. Overall, designing and choosing plants for bio-retentions are many-sided, and the existing plant choices fits respective sites’ characteristics. Further research can focus on subjoining parameters and applying statistical models to the summarized dataset.","PeriodicalId":14142,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89852728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2022.v14.1206
Zhengying Zhao, Xiangyi Xu
Computer network is the basis of current enterprise operation and social service operation. Under the network mechanism, high-speed and high-quality operation can further accelerate the gradual development of enterprise and social structure. However, under the diversified and open transmission mode, the network has become the main disaster area where the current security accidents occur. Some hacker attacks and network viruses have brought greater threats to network users. Therefore, this paper mainly takes the practical application of computer data confidentiality technology in cloud security as the main analysis content, and discusses the characteristics of the technology, hoping to have corresponding reference value.
{"title":"Research on the Application of Computer Data Encryption Technology in Cloud Security","authors":"Zhengying Zhao, Xiangyi Xu","doi":"10.7763/ijet.2022.v14.1206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2022.v14.1206","url":null,"abstract":"Computer network is the basis of current enterprise operation and social service operation. Under the network mechanism, high-speed and high-quality operation can further accelerate the gradual development of enterprise and social structure. However, under the diversified and open transmission mode, the network has become the main disaster area where the current security accidents occur. Some hacker attacks and network viruses have brought greater threats to network users. Therefore, this paper mainly takes the practical application of computer data confidentiality technology in cloud security as the main analysis content, and discusses the characteristics of the technology, hoping to have corresponding reference value.","PeriodicalId":14142,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89195014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2022.v14.1203
Xiaoshu Jiang, Qi Fang
Sustained attention is important for survival in a challenging environment. Oscillatory activities in the pulvinar have been reported to correlate with sustained attention. However, whether pulvinar can causally establish and maintain sustained attention is elusive. To address this question, in this study, we opto-genetically activated pulvinar neurons during delay period in the five-choice serial reaction time task and measured the behavioral outputs. We found that pulvinar firing rates were significantly increased after optogenetic stimulation. Also, in the behavioral test, the correct rates were remarkably increased with decreased omission rates, but the reaction time and reward retrieval time remained the same. Together, these results deepen our understanding of the functional role of pulvinar in sustained attention.
{"title":"Functional Role of Pulvinar In the Sustained Attention","authors":"Xiaoshu Jiang, Qi Fang","doi":"10.7763/ijet.2022.v14.1203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2022.v14.1203","url":null,"abstract":"Sustained attention is important for survival in a challenging environment. Oscillatory activities in the pulvinar have been reported to correlate with sustained attention. However, whether pulvinar can causally establish and maintain sustained attention is elusive. To address this question, in this study, we opto-genetically activated pulvinar neurons during delay period in the five-choice serial reaction time task and measured the behavioral outputs. We found that pulvinar firing rates were significantly increased after optogenetic stimulation. Also, in the behavioral test, the correct rates were remarkably increased with decreased omission rates, but the reaction time and reward retrieval time remained the same. Together, these results deepen our understanding of the functional role of pulvinar in sustained attention.","PeriodicalId":14142,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80036890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2022.v14.1205
D. S. Carvalho, José Aquiles Grimon, M. E. Udaeta
Resources are limited and new forms of exploitation of energy resources, such as hydraulic fracturing, tend to enter the country. This study analyses the nexus water-energy regarding to the exploitation of oil and gas from the continent by the hydraulic fracking. The research will be of a theoretical and bibliographic genre, of an applied nature, with the objective of proposing a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach to the issues of increasing energy security and increasing water security. It aims also about the shale gas extraction in Brazil and its challenges. As result of this discussion is that the unconventional sources of obtain energy can impact the hydro security specially the groundwater.
{"title":"Groundwater and Hydrocarbon Production in Brazil","authors":"D. S. Carvalho, José Aquiles Grimon, M. E. Udaeta","doi":"10.7763/ijet.2022.v14.1205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2022.v14.1205","url":null,"abstract":"Resources are limited and new forms of exploitation of energy resources, such as hydraulic fracturing, tend to enter the country. This study analyses the nexus water-energy regarding to the exploitation of oil and gas from the continent by the hydraulic fracking. The research will be of a theoretical and bibliographic genre, of an applied nature, with the objective of proposing a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach to the issues of increasing energy security and increasing water security. It aims also about the shale gas extraction in Brazil and its challenges. As result of this discussion is that the unconventional sources of obtain energy can impact the hydro security specially the groundwater.","PeriodicalId":14142,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75164976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2022.v14.1208
S. Shalaby, A. Kabeel, A. Sayed, H. Abosheiasha
Paraffin wax (PW) is commonly used as latent heat storage material in solar energy systems. The low thermal conductivity of the PW is considered the main drawback when it is used as thermal energy storage medium. In order to overcome this drawback, tens types of high conductive nano-materials are added to paraffin wax to improve its thermal conductivity. In this work, nanoparticles of CuO, and TiO2 were individually added to paraffin wax with concentrations 1, 2 and 3%. The thermal properties of pure paraffin wax, PW/CuO and PW/TiO2 nano-composites with different mentioned concentrations were measured at different temperature. The paraffin wax/TiO2 showed higher thermal conductivity compared to paraffin wax/CuO nano-composite and pure paraffin.
{"title":"Improvement of Thermal Conductivity of Paraffin Wax Using High Conductive Nano-Materials","authors":"S. Shalaby, A. Kabeel, A. Sayed, H. Abosheiasha","doi":"10.7763/ijet.2022.v14.1208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2022.v14.1208","url":null,"abstract":"Paraffin wax (PW) is commonly used as latent heat storage material in solar energy systems. The low thermal conductivity of the PW is considered the main drawback when it is used as thermal energy storage medium. In order to overcome this drawback, tens types of high conductive nano-materials are added to paraffin wax to improve its thermal conductivity. In this work, nanoparticles of CuO, and TiO2 were individually added to paraffin wax with concentrations 1, 2 and 3%. The thermal properties of pure paraffin wax, PW/CuO and PW/TiO2 nano-composites with different mentioned concentrations were measured at different temperature. The paraffin wax/TiO2 showed higher thermal conductivity compared to paraffin wax/CuO nano-composite and pure paraffin.","PeriodicalId":14142,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75752222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2022.v14.1202
Nilesh Warad, Janardhana Rao, Kedar M. Kulkarni, Avinash Dandekar, M. Salgar, Malhar A. Kulkarni
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) for additive manufacturing is constantly growing as an innovative process across the industry in areas of prototyping, tooling, and production parts across most manufacturing industry verticals such as Aerospace, Automotive, Agricultural, Healthcare, etc. One such application that is widely used is for tooling on the shop floor e.g. for pick-off tools, assembly fixtures etc. For tooling applications printing the solid fill component with +45/- 45 raster is common practice. There is a requirement for finite element analysis to validate the strength of 3D printed components for some specific applications in tooling, but due to the anisotropic behavior of 3D printed parts and the unavailability of all mechanical properties FE analysis of 3D printed parts is sometimes challenging. Advance approaches like multiscale modeling approach requires specialized & costly analytical tools. So, to understand the behavior of additively manufactured parts the team has conducted a few tests and compared the results. In this work, solid-filled dog-bone tensile test and three-point bending test specimens were printed with +45/-45 raster orientation and tested in the lab. Tensile test specimens were built with flat, on-edge, and up-right orientations and tested to determine the directional properties of young’s modulus. Using mechanical properties from the tension test 3 points bending test is simulated in FE software- ANSYS. The FE modeling was done in two ways, in first model orthotropic properties were assigned to the specimen, and for second model isotropic properties were assigned. For isotropic modeling least value of young’s modulus is used. Simulation results of three-point bending test shows that in the linear region of force-deflection curve, deformation values from FE model with both orthotropic and isotropic modeling are in good agreement with the experimental results. Also, the difference in stress results between isotropic and orthotropic FE model is almost negligible. To support this observation, study is performed for various conditions. The specimens were printed with ABS material on Ultimaker® and ASA material on Stratasys® Fortus 360mc™ machine with T12, T16 and T20 nozzle settings. Study shows, for tooling applications if the 3D printed solid-filled components are designed with a certain factor of safety then validating its strength with isotropic material properties will give acceptable results. The advantage of this approach is getting the isotropic mechanical properties is easy and modeling with FE modeling will be simple.
{"title":"Finite Element Analysis Methodology for Additive Manufactured Tooling Components","authors":"Nilesh Warad, Janardhana Rao, Kedar M. Kulkarni, Avinash Dandekar, M. Salgar, Malhar A. Kulkarni","doi":"10.7763/ijet.2022.v14.1202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2022.v14.1202","url":null,"abstract":"Fused deposition modeling (FDM) for additive manufacturing is constantly growing as an innovative process across the industry in areas of prototyping, tooling, and production parts across most manufacturing industry verticals such as Aerospace, Automotive, Agricultural, Healthcare, etc. One such application that is widely used is for tooling on the shop floor e.g. for pick-off tools, assembly fixtures etc. For tooling applications printing the solid fill component with +45/- 45 raster is common practice. There is a requirement for finite element analysis to validate the strength of 3D printed components for some specific applications in tooling, but due to the anisotropic behavior of 3D printed parts and the unavailability of all mechanical properties FE analysis of 3D printed parts is sometimes challenging. Advance approaches like multiscale modeling approach requires specialized & costly analytical tools. So, to understand the behavior of additively manufactured parts the team has conducted a few tests and compared the results. In this work, solid-filled dog-bone tensile test and three-point bending test specimens were printed with +45/-45 raster orientation and tested in the lab. Tensile test specimens were built with flat, on-edge, and up-right orientations and tested to determine the directional properties of young’s modulus. Using mechanical properties from the tension test 3 points bending test is simulated in FE software- ANSYS. The FE modeling was done in two ways, in first model orthotropic properties were assigned to the specimen, and for second model isotropic properties were assigned. For isotropic modeling least value of young’s modulus is used. Simulation results of three-point bending test shows that in the linear region of force-deflection curve, deformation values from FE model with both orthotropic and isotropic modeling are in good agreement with the experimental results. Also, the difference in stress results between isotropic and orthotropic FE model is almost negligible. To support this observation, study is performed for various conditions. The specimens were printed with ABS material on Ultimaker® and ASA material on Stratasys® Fortus 360mc™ machine with T12, T16 and T20 nozzle settings. Study shows, for tooling applications if the 3D printed solid-filled components are designed with a certain factor of safety then validating its strength with isotropic material properties will give acceptable results. The advantage of this approach is getting the isotropic mechanical properties is easy and modeling with FE modeling will be simple.","PeriodicalId":14142,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82665078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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