Paul Leonard Mela, Balogun Sulayman Tunde, S. B. Usman
Antibacterial is extensively used in poultry to enhance productivity. Inappropriate use could yield unsafe edible poultry products. The study aimed to investigate the pattern of antibacterial use in commercial layer poultry farms in Gombe metropolis. Semi-structured questionnaire was designed and validated. The questionnaire was administered to 38 layer poultry farms to obtain information on poultry farm practices. Data was analysed by inferential statistics using SPSS (Version 20). Of the 38 administered questionnaires, 33 (86.8%) were returned and analysed. Most farms had over 500 birds (69.7%, 23/33) and Isa Brown was the most predominant strain (x2= 63.11, df=3, p< 0.05). Most farms conduct routine vaccination (93.9%, p<0.05) and use mixed formulations (78.6%, p<0.05) for prophylaxis (87.9%, p<0.05). Seven of the nine used formulations (77.8%, p<0.05) contain unapproved drugs. Farmers were aware of withdrawal period (84.8%) and the consequences of residues (60.6%) but most (75.8%) do not observe withdrawal period. The inappropriate antibacterial use in layer poultry in Gombe was high and oxytetracycline was the most predominant. Such practice could yield unsafe table eggs with dire health consequences. Key words: Antibacterial, residues, public health risks, layer poultry farms, table eggs.
{"title":"Inappropriate antibacterial use in layer poultry farms in Gombe Metropolis, Northeast Nigeria, may constitute public health challenges","authors":"Paul Leonard Mela, Balogun Sulayman Tunde, S. B. Usman","doi":"10.5897/ijlp2021.0774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijlp2021.0774","url":null,"abstract":"Antibacterial is extensively used in poultry to enhance productivity. Inappropriate use could yield unsafe edible poultry products. The study aimed to investigate the pattern of antibacterial use in commercial layer poultry farms in Gombe metropolis. Semi-structured questionnaire was designed and validated. The questionnaire was administered to 38 layer poultry farms to obtain information on poultry farm practices. Data was analysed by inferential statistics using SPSS (Version 20). Of the 38 administered questionnaires, 33 (86.8%) were returned and analysed. Most farms had over 500 birds (69.7%, 23/33) and Isa Brown was the most predominant strain (x2= 63.11, df=3, p< 0.05). Most farms conduct routine vaccination (93.9%, p<0.05) and use mixed formulations (78.6%, p<0.05) for prophylaxis (87.9%, p<0.05). Seven of the nine used formulations (77.8%, p<0.05) contain unapproved drugs. Farmers were aware of withdrawal period (84.8%) and the consequences of residues (60.6%) but most (75.8%) do not observe withdrawal period. The inappropriate antibacterial use in layer poultry in Gombe was high and oxytetracycline was the most predominant. Such practice could yield unsafe table eggs with dire health consequences. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Antibacterial, residues, public health risks, layer poultry farms, table eggs.","PeriodicalId":14143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Livestock Production","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87685902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Ouattara, Aboubacrine Mahamane Tour e, Drissa Konat e, Sognan Dao, Diakaridia Traor e
This study aimed at evaluating some morphological traits in Djallonke sheep reared in four localities (Dioila, Kolondieba, Yanfolila and Kita) in the south of Mali. Two hundred and sixty sheep (40 males and 220 females) randomly selected from these localities were used for measuring the following traits: Coat color, presence of horns/wattles, height at withers (HW), and live body weight (LBW). Animals belonged to five age groups ranging from < 1 year to ≥ 4 years, with females being predominant in each group. Nearly all males had horns (94%), whereas these were present only in a small subset of females (6%). For all animals, wattles were less frequent (10%) and the dominant coat color was plain white (45%) and white with particularities (38%). HW and LBW values were not significantly different between rams from Dioila and Kolondieba but were higher than those of their counterparts from Kita and Yanfolila. Ewes from Kita, Kolondieba, and Yanfolila displayed comparable values for both HW and LBW but these were lower than those of their counterparts from Dioila. These findings might serve as a basis for designing and implementing a genetic project aimed at ensuring the sustainable conservation and valorization of Djallonke sheep in Mali. Key words: Djallonke sheep, morphological traits, Mali
{"title":"Morphological characteristics of indigenous Djallonk sheep in rural areas in the south of Mali","authors":"O. Ouattara, Aboubacrine Mahamane Tour e, Drissa Konat e, Sognan Dao, Diakaridia Traor e","doi":"10.5897/ijlp2021.0763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijlp2021.0763","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at evaluating some morphological traits in Djallonke sheep reared in four localities (Dioila, Kolondieba, Yanfolila and Kita) in the south of Mali. Two hundred and sixty sheep (40 males and 220 females) randomly selected from these localities were used for measuring the following traits: Coat color, presence of horns/wattles, height at withers (HW), and live body weight (LBW). Animals belonged to five age groups ranging from < 1 year to ≥ 4 years, with females being predominant in each group. Nearly all males had horns (94%), whereas these were present only in a small subset of females (6%). For all animals, wattles were less frequent (10%) and the dominant coat color was plain white (45%) and white with particularities (38%). HW and LBW values were not significantly different between rams from Dioila and Kolondieba but were higher than those of their counterparts from Kita and Yanfolila. Ewes from Kita, Kolondieba, and Yanfolila displayed comparable values for both HW and LBW but these were lower than those of their counterparts from Dioila. These findings might serve as a basis for designing and implementing a genetic project aimed at ensuring the sustainable conservation and valorization of Djallonke sheep in Mali. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Djallonke sheep, morphological traits, Mali","PeriodicalId":14143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Livestock Production","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81380054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Study on Morphological Characterization of Black Bengal Goat at three Villages under Bhaluka upazila in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh","authors":"A. A., A. M., K. A, R. M, A. M.","doi":"10.5897/ijlp2021.0771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijlp2021.0771","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Livestock Production","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78665654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rajasekhar Kasula, F. Solis, Byron Shaffer, Frank Connett, Chris Barrett, R. Cocker, E. Willinghan
Hemp seed and hemp seed products such as hemp seed cake (HSC) have been shown to increase unsaturated fatty acid (FA) profile in eggs, including linoleic acid, and α-linolenic fatty acids known to increase egg weight and better human health respectively. However, the use of hemp products in animal feed is still a concern due to the potential residues of the Δ-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a psychoactive substance present in the hemp plant. No significant published research is available on the effect of dietary HSC on fatty acids profile and cannabinoids residues in organs and tissues of laying hens. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of dietary HSC on the level of fatty acids composition, and cannabinoid transfer in eggs, as well as internal organs and tissues of laying hens. Eight hundred caged Bovans white hens in at 30 weeks of age were distributed into 4 treatments of 200 hens per treatment based on inclusion levels of hemp seed cake (HSC) at 0, 10, 20 and 30% levels of inclusion. Each treatment group comprised of 8 cages of 25 hens each that served as replicates. The observations per protocol were made over a timeline of 16 weeks following that precedes a 3-week acclimation phase. HSC feeding to commercial laying hens increased (P<0.05) the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids including linoleic and linolenic acids in eggs and abdominal fat. The cannabinoids residues in eggs, blood, breast meat, body fat, liver, kidneys and spleen were below the detectable level. The results of this study confirm that HSC fed to laying hens increased deposition of polyunsaturated fatty acids, but did not contribute THC or cannabinoid residues in eggs, internal organs or body tissues. Key words: Hemp, hemp seed cake (HSC), eggs, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), fatty acids, cannabinoids
{"title":"Hemp seed cake increases fatty acids but does not transfer cannabinoids in eggs and tissues of laying hens","authors":"Rajasekhar Kasula, F. Solis, Byron Shaffer, Frank Connett, Chris Barrett, R. Cocker, E. Willinghan","doi":"10.5897/ijlp2020.0753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijlp2020.0753","url":null,"abstract":"Hemp seed and hemp seed products such as hemp seed cake (HSC) have been shown to increase unsaturated fatty acid (FA) profile in eggs, including linoleic acid, and α-linolenic fatty acids known to increase egg weight and better human health respectively. However, the use of hemp products in animal feed is still a concern due to the potential residues of the Δ-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a psychoactive substance present in the hemp plant. No significant published research is available on the effect of dietary HSC on fatty acids profile and cannabinoids residues in organs and tissues of laying hens. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of dietary HSC on the level of fatty acids composition, and cannabinoid transfer in eggs, as well as internal organs and tissues of laying hens. Eight hundred caged Bovans white hens in at 30 weeks of age were distributed into 4 treatments of 200 hens per treatment based on inclusion levels of hemp seed cake (HSC) at 0, 10, 20 and 30% levels of inclusion. Each treatment group comprised of 8 cages of 25 hens each that served as replicates. The observations per protocol were made over a timeline of 16 weeks following that precedes a 3-week acclimation phase. HSC feeding to commercial laying hens increased (P<0.05) the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids including linoleic and linolenic acids in eggs and abdominal fat. The cannabinoids residues in eggs, blood, breast meat, body fat, liver, kidneys and spleen were below the detectable level. The results of this study confirm that HSC fed to laying hens increased deposition of polyunsaturated fatty acids, but did not contribute THC or cannabinoid residues in eggs, internal organs or body tissues. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Hemp, hemp seed cake (HSC), eggs, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), fatty acids, cannabinoids","PeriodicalId":14143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Livestock Production","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82167441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Silva, Batugedara Vidanelage Ranjith Punyawardena, Ajith Kumara Hettiarachchi, W. M. M. P. Hulugalla, Gayani Madhushani Sirinayake Lokuge
The magnitude of heat stress in dairy cattle is assessed using temperature humidity index (THI) widely in the world. The present study was conducted to assess the appropriateness of incorporating THI in recommending dairy cattle breeds to different areas of Sri Lanka. The study considered 10 different cattle genotypes commonly reared for milk production in the country. Daily THI values were computed by employing a thermal model, THI = Tdb - [0.55 - (0.55 × RH/100)] × (Tdb - 58) using data collected from 26 meteorological stations from 2005-2014. The THI values for different regions and the threshold THI values for milk production of 10 genotypes were used to produce THI maps. Among the crosses, Jersey crossbreds, except Jersey × Friesian cross, showed a high coping ability with comparatively high milk production capacity. Local cattle were not affected within the THI range observed in the country. THI based recommendation for distribution of dairy cattle could be made by identifying the variation of coping ability of cattle genotype and minimizing the vulnerability to climate change. Therefore, costly management interventions needed to mitigate the heat stress and related low productivity of dairy cattle under smallholder production systems could be abated. Key words: Climate change, dairy cattle breeds, heat stress.
{"title":"Assessing thermal neutral zones in Sri Lanka for ten different dairy cattle breeds and crosses: An approach using temperature humidity index (THI)","authors":"G. Silva, Batugedara Vidanelage Ranjith Punyawardena, Ajith Kumara Hettiarachchi, W. M. M. P. Hulugalla, Gayani Madhushani Sirinayake Lokuge","doi":"10.5897/ijlp2021.0766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijlp2021.0766","url":null,"abstract":"The magnitude of heat stress in dairy cattle is assessed using temperature humidity index (THI) widely in the world. The present study was conducted to assess the appropriateness of incorporating THI in recommending dairy cattle breeds to different areas of Sri Lanka. The study considered 10 different cattle genotypes commonly reared for milk production in the country. Daily THI values were computed by employing a thermal model, THI = Tdb - [0.55 - (0.55 × RH/100)] × (Tdb - 58) using data collected from 26 meteorological stations from 2005-2014. The THI values for different regions and the threshold THI values for milk production of 10 genotypes were used to produce THI maps. Among the crosses, Jersey crossbreds, except Jersey × Friesian cross, showed a high coping ability with comparatively high milk production capacity. Local cattle were not affected within the THI range observed in the country. THI based recommendation for distribution of dairy cattle could be made by identifying the variation of coping ability of cattle genotype and minimizing the vulnerability to climate change. Therefore, costly management interventions needed to mitigate the heat stress and related low productivity of dairy cattle under smallholder production systems could be abated. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Climate change, dairy cattle breeds, heat stress.","PeriodicalId":14143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Livestock Production","volume":"357 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76331798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fortunate Mtshali Thobile, Ntanganedzeni Mapholi Olivia, Tebogo Ncube Keabetswe, Farai Dzomba Edgar, C. M. Tlou, C. C. T., D. T., Catherina Muchadeyi Farai, Hadebe Khanyisile
Breeding practices and trait preferences are key to defining sound breeding objectives and designing genetic improvement programs at community level. The current study identifies these factors for village goats within a pilot community-based breeding program in Pella village, North West province, South Africa. Thirty-five farmers were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire survey to characterize goat farmers’ production system. Breeding objectives were identified in 26 households using own flock ranking experiment and the body weight (kg) and linear measurements (cm) were collected for 10 best does and bucks. Majority of famers were males (83%) and literate (85.7%). Fifteen (43%) farmers owned a buck, and those that did not, relied on communal bucks. Average flock per household was 21±19. Farmer selling price for does was R1588.68±313.17 and bucks were sold for R1663.89±861.91. Body size traits were ranked high for both bucks (0.22) and does (0.10), followed by growth rate of 0.10 does and 0.08 for bucks. Average live body weight for all goats was 38±12 kg. Except for rump length, all linear body measurements studied were significantly correlated with body weight (p<0.0001) with chest girth having the highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.70). Breeding objectives and trait preferences established in this study provide primary data required to design a sustainable breeding program and must be incorporated into selection decisions to address farmer preferences. Key words: Breeding objectives, selection criteria, ranking, goat improvement, trait preference.
{"title":"Goat farmers production objectives and trait preferences in the North West province of South Africa: An approach to identify selection criteria for community-based breeding program","authors":"Fortunate Mtshali Thobile, Ntanganedzeni Mapholi Olivia, Tebogo Ncube Keabetswe, Farai Dzomba Edgar, C. M. Tlou, C. C. T., D. T., Catherina Muchadeyi Farai, Hadebe Khanyisile","doi":"10.5897/IJLP2020.0743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJLP2020.0743","url":null,"abstract":"Breeding practices and trait preferences are key to defining sound breeding objectives and designing genetic improvement programs at community level. The current study identifies these factors for village goats within a pilot community-based breeding program in Pella village, North West province, South Africa. Thirty-five farmers were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire survey to characterize goat farmers’ production system. Breeding objectives were identified in 26 households using own flock ranking experiment and the body weight (kg) and linear measurements (cm) were collected for 10 best does and bucks. Majority of famers were males (83%) and literate (85.7%). Fifteen (43%) farmers owned a buck, and those that did not, relied on communal bucks. Average flock per household was 21±19. Farmer selling price for does was R1588.68±313.17 and bucks were sold for R1663.89±861.91. Body size traits were ranked high for both bucks (0.22) and does (0.10), followed by growth rate of 0.10 does and 0.08 for bucks. Average live body weight for all goats was 38±12 kg. Except for rump length, all linear body measurements studied were significantly correlated with body weight (p<0.0001) with chest girth having the highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.70). Breeding objectives and trait preferences established in this study provide primary data required to design a sustainable breeding program and must be incorporated into selection decisions to address farmer preferences. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Breeding objectives, selection criteria, ranking, goat improvement, trait preference.","PeriodicalId":14143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Livestock Production","volume":"299 ","pages":"64-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91519221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Batista, S. G. Neto, D. Quadros, G. G. L. Araújo, Doug Tolleson, H. N. Souza
This trial evaluated concentrate supplementation on grazing behavior, growth performance, carcass yield and economic analysis of off-season steer production in an integrated crop-livestock system (ICL). A randomized block design with the pastures (modules) as blocks, with 4 treatments, 4 groups of animals per treatment and 3 animals per group (N=48, 395±16 kg) was used to evaluate increasing levels of concentrate supplementation (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 kg/animal/day) containing 17% crude protein and 76% total digestible nutrients. The steers were kept in “Santa Fe” ICL Urocloa ruziziensis pastures during the dry season. Concentrate intake was 0.98, 1.45, 1.86, and 2.02 kg/animal/day, representing 0.23, 0.34, 0.44, and 0.47% of BW. Supplementation did not affect grazing time (P = 0.66); however, linearly decreased rumination time (P = 0.025) and increased idling (P = 0.043) and trough (P = 0.034) times. Average daily gain, carcass weight, dressing percentage and beef productivity linearly increased (P < 0.01) with increasing concentrate in the diets. All the supplementation levels were profitable, but the profit margin was greater in the highest level of concentrate supplementation. Concentrate supplementation to produce off-season Nellore steers in ICL was an efficient and profitable way to enhance growth performance and carcass yield without compromising grazing activity. Key words: beef cattle, behavior, carcass, intake, performance.
{"title":"Grazing behavior, growth performance, carcass yield and economic analysis of steers supplemented with concentrate in an integrated crop-livestock system","authors":"P. Batista, S. G. Neto, D. Quadros, G. G. L. Araújo, Doug Tolleson, H. N. Souza","doi":"10.5897/IJLP2021.0762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJLP2021.0762","url":null,"abstract":"This trial evaluated concentrate supplementation on grazing behavior, growth performance, carcass yield and economic analysis of off-season steer production in an integrated crop-livestock system (ICL). A randomized block design with the pastures (modules) as blocks, with 4 treatments, 4 groups of animals per treatment and 3 animals per group (N=48, 395±16 kg) was used to evaluate increasing levels of concentrate supplementation (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 kg/animal/day) containing 17% crude protein and 76% total digestible nutrients. The steers were kept in “Santa Fe” ICL Urocloa ruziziensis pastures during the dry season. Concentrate intake was 0.98, 1.45, 1.86, and 2.02 kg/animal/day, representing 0.23, 0.34, 0.44, and 0.47% of BW. Supplementation did not affect grazing time (P = 0.66); however, linearly decreased rumination time (P = 0.025) and increased idling (P = 0.043) and trough (P = 0.034) times. Average daily gain, carcass weight, dressing percentage and beef productivity linearly increased (P < 0.01) with increasing concentrate in the diets. All the supplementation levels were profitable, but the profit margin was greater in the highest level of concentrate supplementation. Concentrate supplementation to produce off-season Nellore steers in ICL was an efficient and profitable way to enhance growth performance and carcass yield without compromising grazing activity. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: beef cattle, behavior, carcass, intake, performance.","PeriodicalId":14143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Livestock Production","volume":"134 1","pages":"76-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77900693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rajasekhar Kasula, F. Solis, Byron Shaffer, Frank Connett, Chris Barrett, R. Cocker, E. Willinghan
Although the nutrient composition of hemp products provides evidence that these potentially serve as valuable livestock feed ingredients and may enhance human health, the cultivation of hemp was prohibited due to the high content of the Δ-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Recently, regulatory changes by several countries allowed the cultivation of industry hemp under a license that permits plants and plant parts of the genera Cannabis with a THC lower than 0.3%. The concern of a higher THC value still remains; thus, it is justified to test the nutritional and safety properties of Hemp Seed Cake (HSC) in animal feed. The objectives of this study were to determine the nutritional (proximate principles, minerals, amino acids and fatty acids), and safety properties (mycotoxin, heavy metals and cannabinoid profiles) of HSC and feed manufactured with the ingredient for use in animal feed. Three replicate samples of HSC and two replicate samples of each feed manufactured with 0, 10%, 20 and 30% of HSC were analyzed by reference laboratories for parameters identified under study objectives. The results of the nutritional values were consistent with published results. Similarly, the safety parameters were below the detectable levels and maximum legal levels. The results of this study confirm that HSC can safely be used as animal feed ingredient. Key words: Hemp, Δ-9 tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinoids, safety, heavy metals, hemp seed cake.
{"title":"Characterization of the Nutritional and Safety Properties of Hemp Seed Cake as Animal Feed Ingredient","authors":"Rajasekhar Kasula, F. Solis, Byron Shaffer, Frank Connett, Chris Barrett, R. Cocker, E. Willinghan","doi":"10.5897/IJLP2020.0750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJLP2020.0750","url":null,"abstract":"Although the nutrient composition of hemp products provides evidence that these potentially serve as valuable livestock feed ingredients and may enhance human health, the cultivation of hemp was prohibited due to the high content of the Δ-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Recently, regulatory changes by several countries allowed the cultivation of industry hemp under a license that permits plants and plant parts of the genera Cannabis with a THC lower than 0.3%. The concern of a higher THC value still remains; thus, it is justified to test the nutritional and safety properties of Hemp Seed Cake (HSC) in animal feed. The objectives of this study were to determine the nutritional (proximate principles, minerals, amino acids and fatty acids), and safety properties (mycotoxin, heavy metals and cannabinoid profiles) of HSC and feed manufactured with the ingredient for use in animal feed. Three replicate samples of HSC and two replicate samples of each feed manufactured with 0, 10%, 20 and 30% of HSC were analyzed by reference laboratories for parameters identified under study objectives. The results of the nutritional values were consistent with published results. Similarly, the safety parameters were below the detectable levels and maximum legal levels. The results of this study confirm that HSC can safely be used as animal feed ingredient. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Hemp, Δ-9 tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinoids, safety, heavy metals, hemp seed cake.","PeriodicalId":14143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Livestock Production","volume":"8 1","pages":"53-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84169047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various factors are believed to influence quality of semen in breeding bulls. The main objective of this study was to evaluate how breed, age and time of semen production are relevant in the production of good quality semen used for Artificial Insemination. A total of 16,827 ejaculates from 187 bulls (Holstein Frisian = 114, Jersey = 35, Borena = 12, 50%HF × 50%Borena = 5, 75%HF × 25%Borena = 15 and Fogera = 6) were collected and examined at the National Animal Genetic Improvement Institute (NAGII). All these factors (breed, age and period of production) had significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect on semen volume, colour, concentration, mass activity, individual motility and production doses/ejaculate. All these semen quality measures were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) minimal in 50%HF × 50%Borena crosses and all of them except concentration were observed superior in HF. Excluding ejaculate volume and production doses, all the semen quality measures were recorded better in the first two age classes (less than 2 and 2 to 4 years of age classes). Significance differences in ejaculate volume, concentration, mass activity, and individual motility were observed among production periods; these disparities could be due to the variation in managemental practice and efficiency of implementing the protocol in selecting candidate bulls for the time period. In conclusion, breed, age and period of semen production have significant effect on bovine semen characteristics. Key words: Borena, cross breeds, Fogera, Holstein Frisian, Jersey, semen characteristics.
{"title":"Effect of breed, age and period of production on bovine semen quality used for artificial insemination","authors":"Kefelegn Seyoum, Alemayehu Lemma, Asrat Tera","doi":"10.5897/IJLP2020.0739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJLP2020.0739","url":null,"abstract":"Various factors are believed to influence quality of semen in breeding bulls. The main objective of this study was to evaluate how breed, age and time of semen production are relevant in the production of good quality semen used for Artificial Insemination. A total of 16,827 ejaculates from 187 bulls (Holstein Frisian = 114, Jersey = 35, Borena = 12, 50%HF × 50%Borena = 5, 75%HF × 25%Borena = 15 and Fogera = 6) were collected and examined at the National Animal Genetic Improvement Institute (NAGII). All these factors (breed, age and period of production) had significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect on semen volume, colour, concentration, mass activity, individual motility and production doses/ejaculate. All these semen quality measures were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) minimal in 50%HF × 50%Borena crosses and all of them except concentration were observed superior in HF. Excluding ejaculate volume and production doses, all the semen quality measures were recorded better in the first two age classes (less than 2 and 2 to 4 years of age classes). Significance differences in ejaculate volume, concentration, mass activity, and individual motility were observed among production periods; these disparities could be due to the variation in managemental practice and efficiency of implementing the protocol in selecting candidate bulls for the time period. In conclusion, breed, age and period of semen production have significant effect on bovine semen characteristics. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Borena, cross breeds, Fogera, Holstein Frisian, Jersey, semen characteristics.","PeriodicalId":14143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Livestock Production","volume":"29 1","pages":"43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77407109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olufemi Mobolaji Alabi, John Sunday Ojo, F. Aderemi, LawalTunde, A. Oguntunji, Mathew Oluwaseyi Ayoola, O. Oladejo
The effects of using Moringa leaf powder (MLP) as feed additive on the differential cholesterol profile of broiler chickens at finisher phase was investigated in view of the scientific urge to find means of reducing fatty compounds in common meat products. One hundred and twenty,4-weeks old Abor acre broilers were used for this experiment and allotted to four different treatment groups (T1-T4). The control group; T1 was without MLP inclusion, T2 with 0.40% (of the total diet on dry matter basis) MLP inclusion, T3 with 0.80% MLP inclusion and T4 with 0.40% Liver fit powder (LVP-commercial product). Each group had three replicates with 10 chickens in a completely randomized design. The experiment lasted four weeks at the end of which blood samples were collected for the serum lipid fractions analysis. Parameters investigated were Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Data generated were subjected to statistical analysis of variance. The results revealed that TC, TG, LDL and VLDL fractions of the serum cholesterol got reduced significantly (p<0.05) in birds on T3 and T4 while HDL got increased significantly with inclusion of MLP. These results suggest that MLP is hypocholesterolemic in nature. Consequently, MLP inclusions compared favorably well with LVP and therefore can be used for reducing bad lipid fractions of serum of broilers at finisher phase to reduce the risk of high fat related diseases among the consumers. Keywords: Broilers, cholesterol, fatty meat, moringa leaf powder.
{"title":"Antilipemic effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder on blood serum cholesterol fractions in broiler finishers","authors":"Olufemi Mobolaji Alabi, John Sunday Ojo, F. Aderemi, LawalTunde, A. Oguntunji, Mathew Oluwaseyi Ayoola, O. Oladejo","doi":"10.5897/IJLP2019.0638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJLP2019.0638","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of using Moringa leaf powder (MLP) as feed additive on the differential cholesterol profile of broiler chickens at finisher phase was investigated in view of the scientific urge to find means of reducing fatty compounds in common meat products. One hundred and twenty,4-weeks old Abor acre broilers were used for this experiment and allotted to four different treatment groups (T1-T4). The control group; T1 was without MLP inclusion, T2 with 0.40% (of the total diet on dry matter basis) MLP inclusion, T3 with 0.80% MLP inclusion and T4 with 0.40% Liver fit powder (LVP-commercial product). Each group had three replicates with 10 chickens in a completely randomized design. The experiment lasted four weeks at the end of which blood samples were collected for the serum lipid fractions analysis. Parameters investigated were Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Data generated were subjected to statistical analysis of variance. The results revealed that TC, TG, LDL and VLDL fractions of the serum cholesterol got reduced significantly (p<0.05) in birds on T3 and T4 while HDL got increased significantly with inclusion of MLP. These results suggest that MLP is hypocholesterolemic in nature. Consequently, MLP inclusions compared favorably well with LVP and therefore can be used for reducing bad lipid fractions of serum of broilers at finisher phase to reduce the risk of high fat related diseases among the consumers. \u0000 \u0000 Keywords: Broilers, cholesterol, fatty meat, moringa leaf powder.","PeriodicalId":14143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Livestock Production","volume":"46 1","pages":"49-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80020237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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