Dairy farming remains the economic backbone of livestock farmers in high potential area like Badulla district in Sri Lanka. Though, milk production has been quite low. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the factors affecting dairy cattle milk production in Badulla. Total of 500 dairy farmers were selected using multistage stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Milk production and socio-economic data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire covering 15 divisional secretariats in Badulla. Data were analyzed for descriptive and inferential statistics followed by regression analysis. Results of the study revealed that the intensive dairy cattle farming is operated (87.14%) in up country wet zone. Jersey breed was the major breed (86.4%) accounting for 6.19 L/cow average daily milk production. The highest (10.89±1.73 L/cow/day) and lowest (3.17±0.38 L/cow/day) milk productions were reported in Haputhale and Mahiyangana, respectively. The best fitted multiple linear regression model predicted that R2 value of 62.91% daily milk production suggesting farmers experience, farmer’s age, number of milking cows, forage type, shed condition, concentrate feeding supplement, frequency of concentrate supplement, frequency of water supplement, calves feeding amount age at wean, feeding method of cow, mineral supplement and monthly income of the farmers were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the daily milk production of Badulla district. However, lack of high yielding cross breeds, less success rate in artificial inseminations, low quality pasture and seasonality in pasture production, poor milk collection network and low farmer gate price, high price of concentrates, and inadequate facilities for animals in the estate area were reported as key constraints which need to be properly focused on in future to increase milk production in Badulla district, Sri Lanka. Key words: Dairy cattle farming, milk production, factors, regression analysis.
{"title":"Identifications of the major factors that influence milk production: The case of dairy farmers in Badulla district, Sri Lanka","authors":"K. Kumari, J. Jayawardana, J. Jayasinghe","doi":"10.5897/IJLP2018.0566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJLP2018.0566","url":null,"abstract":"Dairy farming remains the economic backbone of livestock farmers in high potential area like Badulla district in Sri Lanka. Though, milk production has been quite low. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the factors affecting dairy cattle milk production in Badulla. Total of 500 dairy farmers were selected using multistage stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Milk production and socio-economic data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire covering 15 divisional secretariats in Badulla. Data were analyzed for descriptive and inferential statistics followed by regression analysis. Results of the study revealed that the intensive dairy cattle farming is operated (87.14%) in up country wet zone. Jersey breed was the major breed (86.4%) accounting for 6.19 L/cow average daily milk production. The highest (10.89±1.73 L/cow/day) and lowest (3.17±0.38 L/cow/day) milk productions were reported in Haputhale and Mahiyangana, respectively. The best fitted multiple linear regression model predicted that R2 value of 62.91% daily milk production suggesting farmers experience, farmer’s age, number of milking cows, forage type, shed condition, concentrate feeding supplement, frequency of concentrate supplement, frequency of water supplement, calves feeding amount age at wean, feeding method of cow, mineral supplement and monthly income of the farmers were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the daily milk production of Badulla district. However, lack of high yielding cross breeds, less success rate in artificial inseminations, low quality pasture and seasonality in pasture production, poor milk collection network and low farmer gate price, high price of concentrates, and inadequate facilities for animals in the estate area were reported as key constraints which need to be properly focused on in future to increase milk production in Badulla district, Sri Lanka. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Dairy cattle farming, milk production, factors, regression analysis.","PeriodicalId":14143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Livestock Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90701349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cattle genotypes and adoption of new feeding technology are necessary for improving beef cattle production and managing efficiently beef production costs. A study was conducted to determine the effects of cattle genotypes and levels of concentrate supplements on cost effectiveness of feedlot beef production in a Complete Randomized Block Design in 3×4 factorial arrangements with 4 replications. Feeds were urea-treated rice straw (UTRS: 4%, w/w) and concentrates made from decorticated cottonseed cake (66%) and maize bran (34%). The experimental animals were Ankole (A×A: n=16), Ankole × Friesian (A×F: n=16) and Ankole × Sahiwal (A×S: n=16) steers. Proxy indicators used to determine profitability and likelihood of economic viability were Initial and Final values of carcass existing abattoir price (RwF 1800/kg beef); Break-even scenarios using What-if Analysis in Excel, 2010; and Gross Margin (GM). Results suggested that cost effectiveness of feedlot beef did not differ (p>0.05) by genotype; but they differed (p<0.05) by diets. It is concluded that beef feedlots using UTRS was marginally economical at 500 g/day of concentrate supplements. A policy incentive to reduce Breakeven Price (BEP) is suggested. A confirmatory study using actual slaughters is recommended. Key words: Feedlot beef production, cattle genotype, gross margin, what-if analysis.
{"title":"Cost effectiveness of feeding cattle genotypes fed rice straw with graded levels of concentrate supplements","authors":"J. Mutabazi, C. Ebong, M. Mutimura, H. D'andre","doi":"10.5897/IJLP2018.0531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJLP2018.0531","url":null,"abstract":"Cattle genotypes and adoption of new feeding technology are necessary for improving beef cattle production and managing efficiently beef production costs. A study was conducted to determine the effects of cattle genotypes and levels of concentrate supplements on cost effectiveness of feedlot beef production in a Complete Randomized Block Design in 3×4 factorial arrangements with 4 replications. Feeds were urea-treated rice straw (UTRS: 4%, w/w) and concentrates made from decorticated cottonseed cake (66%) and maize bran (34%). The experimental animals were Ankole (A×A: n=16), Ankole × Friesian (A×F: n=16) and Ankole × Sahiwal (A×S: n=16) steers. Proxy indicators used to determine profitability and likelihood of economic viability were Initial and Final values of carcass existing abattoir price (RwF 1800/kg beef); Break-even scenarios using What-if Analysis in Excel, 2010; and Gross Margin (GM). Results suggested that cost effectiveness of feedlot beef did not differ (p>0.05) by genotype; but they differed (p<0.05) by diets. It is concluded that beef feedlots using UTRS was marginally economical at 500 g/day of concentrate supplements. A policy incentive to reduce Breakeven Price (BEP) is suggested. A confirmatory study using actual slaughters is recommended. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Feedlot beef production, cattle genotype, gross margin, what-if analysis.","PeriodicalId":14143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Livestock Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82694752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aryee Sethlina Naa Dodua, Osei-Amponsah Richard, Adjei Owusu Dennis, Ahunu Benjamin Kwadjo, Skinner Benjamin Matthew, Sargent Carole Anne
Local pig production is of economic, nutritional and socio-cultural importance to livelihoods in Ghana. Data was collected from 176 local pig farmers in four regions of Ghana using pretested structured questionnaire. Majority of the farmers interviewed were males over 30 years and kept crossbred pigs (64%) with income (95%) as their main motivation. In terms of housing of pigs, most farmers use sheds (39%), about a third had permanent structures (34%), whilst the rest (22%) use stalls with a few keeping their animals in their yards (2%) or having no housing facility (2%) at all. Growth rate of pigs was a relatively important trait (49%) for the farmers compared to aesthetic traits like coat colour or ear orientation. Majority of the farmers (90%) acquired their breeding stock from family, friends and the open market with only 10% acquiring breeding stock from government breeding stations. Local pig production in the study area was characterised as semi-intensive with significant opportunities for stakeholders to make interventions for improvement through provision of improved breeds, housing, feeding and veterinary care. Key words: Food security, farmer education, pig production, sustainable breeding programmes.
{"title":"Production practices of local pig farmers in Ghana","authors":"Aryee Sethlina Naa Dodua, Osei-Amponsah Richard, Adjei Owusu Dennis, Ahunu Benjamin Kwadjo, Skinner Benjamin Matthew, Sargent Carole Anne","doi":"10.5897/IJLP2019.0583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJLP2019.0583","url":null,"abstract":"Local pig production is of economic, nutritional and socio-cultural importance to livelihoods in Ghana. Data was collected from 176 local pig farmers in four regions of Ghana using pretested structured questionnaire. Majority of the farmers interviewed were males over 30 years and kept crossbred pigs (64%) with income (95%) as their main motivation. In terms of housing of pigs, most farmers use sheds (39%), about a third had permanent structures (34%), whilst the rest (22%) use stalls with a few keeping their animals in their yards (2%) or having no housing facility (2%) at all. Growth rate of pigs was a relatively important trait (49%) for the farmers compared to aesthetic traits like coat colour or ear orientation. Majority of the farmers (90%) acquired their breeding stock from family, friends and the open market with only 10% acquiring breeding stock from government breeding stations. Local pig production in the study area was characterised as semi-intensive with significant opportunities for stakeholders to make interventions for improvement through provision of improved breeds, housing, feeding and veterinary care. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Food security, farmer education, pig production, sustainable breeding programmes.","PeriodicalId":14143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Livestock Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90486252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaldjob M. Christian, Enangue N. Annick, N. S. Bella, Etchu Kingsley
Cameroon south-west region offers favorable climatic conditions for survival of land snails whose meat is known for their nutritional benefits. Besides, conventional livestock (beef, chicken, etc.) cannot satisfy the high demand in Cameroon. Hence, snail meat could be suitable alternative source of protein. Therefore, this article investigated the perception and identified the main determinants of land snail meat consumption in the Fako division (south-west region Cameroon). A multistage random sampling method was used to select a total of 211 respondents. Descriptive statistics has highlighted that snail meat is quite consumed in Fako with 76.30% of respondents. Majority of respondents where Christians (95.26%) and have their origin from south-west region (56.40%). Additionally, regression analysis has pointed out that snail meat consumption depends on marital status, household size, income, snail origin and religion. The amount of snail meat consumed was shown to be influenced by its price and price variation between seasons. At the end of this study, two recommendations were made: snail farming should be increased in order to reduce scarcity of snail during dry season as well as its price and educate the people coming from other region of Cameroon on the nutritional benefits of snail meat. Key words: Snail consumption, African garden snails, Cameroon.
{"title":"Socio-economic perception of snail meat consumption in Fako division, south-west region Cameroon","authors":"Kaldjob M. Christian, Enangue N. Annick, N. S. Bella, Etchu Kingsley","doi":"10.5897/IJLP2018.0543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJLP2018.0543","url":null,"abstract":"Cameroon south-west region offers favorable climatic conditions for survival of land snails whose meat is known for their nutritional benefits. Besides, conventional livestock (beef, chicken, etc.) cannot satisfy the high demand in Cameroon. Hence, snail meat could be suitable alternative source of protein. Therefore, this article investigated the perception and identified the main determinants of land snail meat consumption in the Fako division (south-west region Cameroon). A multistage random sampling method was used to select a total of 211 respondents. Descriptive statistics has highlighted that snail meat is quite consumed in Fako with 76.30% of respondents. Majority of respondents where Christians (95.26%) and have their origin from south-west region (56.40%). Additionally, regression analysis has pointed out that snail meat consumption depends on marital status, household size, income, snail origin and religion. The amount of snail meat consumed was shown to be influenced by its price and price variation between seasons. At the end of this study, two recommendations were made: snail farming should be increased in order to reduce scarcity of snail during dry season as well as its price and educate the people coming from other region of Cameroon on the nutritional benefits of snail meat. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Snail consumption, African garden snails, Cameroon.","PeriodicalId":14143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Livestock Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78532439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Analyzing eggs quality is so important for both consumers and for coming new chicks. Total of 300 eggs (100 eggs from each native, Sasso and Bovans brown) chicken were collected during winter of 2017 to evaluate some egg quality parameters of chickens reared at Yirgalem and Hawassa towns of Southern Ethiopia. The eggs were purchased from the householders and each egg was carefully broken on a glass sheet, and was analyzed for different quality traits. The results of the study indicated that the weight of the eggs highly varied between the genotypes and also within genotypes (between locations) the eggs of the native chickens weighed (45.20±5.53 and 39.30±4.04 g), while eggs of Sasso chickens weighed (56.40±7.07 and 56.00±7.2 g), whereas those of Bovans brown weighed (57.80±7.22 and 60.70±5.98 g) at Hawassa and Yirgalem towns, respectively. The results pertaining to the Haugh unit of the eggs (from Hawassa and Yirgalem) and of the native chickens was (74.91±15.78 and 82.55±3.82), while for Sasso chickens (86.50±11.07 and 87.04±11.10) and Bovans brown were (94.60±7.74 and 86.29±5.85), respectively. The Haugh unit of the egg from the native chickens was lower than exotic chicken; this was observed irrespective of the locations. It was concluded that egg quality of exotic chickens in the study areas performed fairly well, but it needs further comparative study under farmers’ level and intensive farm. Key words: Egg quality traits, exotic and local chickens, Southern Ethiopia.
{"title":"Some internal and external egg quality characteristics of local and exotic chickens reared in Yirgalem and Hawassa towns, Ethiopia","authors":"Yonas Kejela, S. Banerjee, Mestawet Taye","doi":"10.5897/IJLP2018.0547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJLP2018.0547","url":null,"abstract":"Analyzing eggs quality is so important for both consumers and for coming new chicks. Total of 300 eggs (100 eggs from each native, Sasso and Bovans brown) chicken were collected during winter of 2017 to evaluate some egg quality parameters of chickens reared at Yirgalem and Hawassa towns of Southern Ethiopia. The eggs were purchased from the householders and each egg was carefully broken on a glass sheet, and was analyzed for different quality traits. The results of the study indicated that the weight of the eggs highly varied between the genotypes and also within genotypes (between locations) the eggs of the native chickens weighed (45.20±5.53 and 39.30±4.04 g), while eggs of Sasso chickens weighed (56.40±7.07 and 56.00±7.2 g), whereas those of Bovans brown weighed (57.80±7.22 and 60.70±5.98 g) at Hawassa and Yirgalem towns, respectively. The results pertaining to the Haugh unit of the eggs (from Hawassa and Yirgalem) and of the native chickens was (74.91±15.78 and 82.55±3.82), while for Sasso chickens (86.50±11.07 and 87.04±11.10) and Bovans brown were (94.60±7.74 and 86.29±5.85), respectively. The Haugh unit of the egg from the native chickens was lower than exotic chicken; this was observed irrespective of the locations. It was concluded that egg quality of exotic chickens in the study areas performed fairly well, but it needs further comparative study under farmers’ level and intensive farm. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Egg quality traits, exotic and local chickens, Southern Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":14143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Livestock Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78516590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Livestock farmers are advised to engage in direct dialogue with consumers. However, attempts to communicate in this way e.g. by farmers using social media have received little academic attention. The present article, based on an online questionnaire conducted in the summer of 2018, provides an explorative insight into the motives, strategies and experiences of criticism of German-speaking livestock farmers with a Facebook business page. The questionnaire reveals that farmers’ motives are not limited to immediate economic objectives. The farmers also aim to provide general information on agriculture and livestock farming. In doing this, they wish to regain the leading role in agricultural discourses and to improve society’s understanding of current agricultural practices with the overall objective of gaining wider societal acceptance of present-day livestock farming. However, the study also makes clear that Facebook is a platform on which farmers are confronted with criticism, and that this criticism can be violent and personally insulting, allowing the diagnosis that livestock farmers are exposed to hate speech. Key words: Descriptive ethics, social media, livestock farming, Facebook, hate speech, food production.
{"title":"You should be slaughtered! Experiences of criticism/hate speech, motives and strategies among German-speaking livestock farmers using social media","authors":"C. Dürnberger","doi":"10.5897/IJLP2018.0567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJLP2018.0567","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock farmers are advised to engage in direct dialogue with consumers. However, attempts to communicate in this way e.g. by farmers using social media have received little academic attention. The present article, based on an online questionnaire conducted in the summer of 2018, provides an explorative insight into the motives, strategies and experiences of criticism of German-speaking livestock farmers with a Facebook business page. The questionnaire reveals that farmers’ motives are not limited to immediate economic objectives. The farmers also aim to provide general information on agriculture and livestock farming. In doing this, they wish to regain the leading role in agricultural discourses and to improve society’s understanding of current agricultural practices with the overall objective of gaining wider societal acceptance of present-day livestock farming. However, the study also makes clear that Facebook is a platform on which farmers are confronted with criticism, and that this criticism can be violent and personally insulting, allowing the diagnosis that livestock farmers are exposed to hate speech. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Descriptive ethics, social media, livestock farming, Facebook, hate speech, food production.","PeriodicalId":14143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Livestock Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74886639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Bigirwa, J. Acai, P. Bogere, S. Im, Hyun Kim, D. Kwon, H. Lee, K. Song
Suboptimum reproductive performance affects the overall profitability of dairy herds. In order to manage this condition, there is need to clearly understand the different forms in which it presents, as well as its possible risk factors under the Ugandan context. This review study was conducted to highlight the different forms of suboptimum reproductive performances among Ugandan dairy herds through literatures from previous studies. At the same time, underscores the coexistence of risk factors of suboptimum reproductive performance among the same dairy herds in Uganda. In Uganda, dairy cattle experienced pathological postpartum cycling patterns, delayed calving to first service intervals, long calving intervals, low pregnancy rates and high abortion rates. Inadequate nutrition, management errors and infectious genital diseases such brucellosis and bovine viral diarrhea were common in these herds. There is need to undertake studies that link the different forms of suboptimum reproductive performance and their possible risk factors. Key words: Suboptimum reproductive performance, postpartum pathological anestrous, infectious genital diseases.
{"title":"Suboptimum reproductive performance among dairy herds in Uganda","authors":"G. Bigirwa, J. Acai, P. Bogere, S. Im, Hyun Kim, D. Kwon, H. Lee, K. Song","doi":"10.5897/IJLP2018.0520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJLP2018.0520","url":null,"abstract":"Suboptimum reproductive performance affects the overall profitability of dairy herds. In order to manage this condition, there is need to clearly understand the different forms in which it presents, as well as its possible risk factors under the Ugandan context. This review study was conducted to highlight the different forms of suboptimum reproductive performances among Ugandan dairy herds through literatures from previous studies. At the same time, underscores the coexistence of risk factors of suboptimum reproductive performance among the same dairy herds in Uganda. In Uganda, dairy cattle experienced pathological postpartum cycling patterns, delayed calving to first service intervals, long calving intervals, low pregnancy rates and high abortion rates. Inadequate nutrition, management errors and infectious genital diseases such brucellosis and bovine viral diarrhea were common in these herds. There is need to undertake studies that link the different forms of suboptimum reproductive performance and their possible risk factors. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Suboptimum reproductive performance, postpartum pathological anestrous, infectious genital diseases.","PeriodicalId":14143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Livestock Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86930397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Munyaneza Celestin, Nyiramuhire Valentine, Mubashankwaya Isaac, Munyandamutsa Fabrice, Ndisanze Oscar, Bagaragaza François, Mujyambere Jean Marie Vianey
The present study was conducted to analyse the factors influencing the success of artificial insemination (AI) in pigs using extended fresh semen in rural smallholder pig farms. One hundred female pigs from Rulindo and Gicumbi districts in Northern Region of Rwanda were artificially inseminated using locally collected and extended fresh semen. The pregnancy was confirmed by using both no returns to estrus and abdomen palpation at 21 and two and half months post insemination, respectively. The factors influencing the success of AI were analysed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The results showed that the number of inseminations per conception (IC) and litter size were 1.89 ± 0.83 and 7.94 ± 2.24, respectively. The number of AI per conception was significantly influenced (p < 0.05) by intrinsic factors (age and parity of the female pig) and extrinsic factors (sex, age and education of household head, time of AI and distance between the farm and semen collection center). The litter size was significantly influenced (p < 0.05) by parity. From the results, we recommend establishing more semen production centers and providing more training on pig management and AI. Key words: Inseminations per conception, litter size, swine, fresh semen, smallholder farms, natural oestrus.
{"title":"Factors influencing success of artificial insemination of pigs using extended fresh semen in rural smallholder pig farms of Rwanda","authors":"Munyaneza Celestin, Nyiramuhire Valentine, Mubashankwaya Isaac, Munyandamutsa Fabrice, Ndisanze Oscar, Bagaragaza François, Mujyambere Jean Marie Vianey","doi":"10.5897/IJLP2018.0562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJLP2018.0562","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to analyse the factors influencing the success of artificial insemination (AI) in pigs using extended fresh semen in rural smallholder pig farms. One hundred female pigs from Rulindo and Gicumbi districts in Northern Region of Rwanda were artificially inseminated using locally collected and extended fresh semen. The pregnancy was confirmed by using both no returns to estrus and abdomen palpation at 21 and two and half months post insemination, respectively. The factors influencing the success of AI were analysed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The results showed that the number of inseminations per conception (IC) and litter size were 1.89 ± 0.83 and 7.94 ± 2.24, respectively. The number of AI per conception was significantly influenced (p < 0.05) by intrinsic factors (age and parity of the female pig) and extrinsic factors (sex, age and education of household head, time of AI and distance between the farm and semen collection center). The litter size was significantly influenced (p < 0.05) by parity. From the results, we recommend establishing more semen production centers and providing more training on pig management and AI. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Inseminations per conception, litter size, swine, fresh semen, smallholder farms, natural oestrus.","PeriodicalId":14143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Livestock Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87812797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tibebu Manaye Zewide, A. Wossen, Adugna Tolera Yadeta, G. Geesink
The experiment was conducted with the objective of studying the carcass characteristics and meat quality of Arsi-Bale lambs (AB) and Afar lambs (Af) fed on tef straw (TS) ensiled with effective microorganisms and supplemented with concentrate. The experimental design was complete randomized block with two factors having 7 replications. Each lamb was fed on TS silage alone, or supplemented with either wheat bran Bokashi alone or mixed with noug seed cake. The results indicated that, except for chilling loss and the dressing percentages the AB were better than the Af in all the carcass characteristics that were improved by supplementation. Most of the carcass linear measurements were influenced only by diet which made the supplemented lambs performed (p>0.05) better (p 0.05) for both breeds, though better (p<0.05) for the supplemented. It is concluded that compared to the Af the AB can produce similar quality but better lean meat yield. Key words: Bokashi, Tef straw silage, meat quality, morphometric carcass measurements, sensory evaluation, physicochemical characteristics.
{"title":"Carcass and meat quality characteristics of two hair type breed lambs fed tef (Eragrostistef) straw ensiled with effective micro-organisms and supplemented with concentrates","authors":"Tibebu Manaye Zewide, A. Wossen, Adugna Tolera Yadeta, G. Geesink","doi":"10.5897/IJLP2018.0565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJLP2018.0565","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted with the objective of studying the carcass characteristics and meat quality of Arsi-Bale lambs (AB) and Afar lambs (Af) fed on tef straw (TS) ensiled with effective microorganisms and supplemented with concentrate. The experimental design was complete randomized block with two factors having 7 replications. Each lamb was fed on TS silage alone, or supplemented with either wheat bran Bokashi alone or mixed with noug seed cake. The results indicated that, except for chilling loss and the dressing percentages the AB were better than the Af in all the carcass characteristics that were improved by supplementation. Most of the carcass linear measurements were influenced only by diet which made the supplemented lambs performed (p>0.05) better (p 0.05) for both breeds, though better (p<0.05) for the supplemented. It is concluded that compared to the Af the AB can produce similar quality but better lean meat yield. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Bokashi, Tef straw silage, meat quality, morphometric carcass measurements, sensory evaluation, physicochemical characteristics.","PeriodicalId":14143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Livestock Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76664193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Morenikeji, O. J. Ogunshola, O. A. Adu, S. Aro, C. A. Chineke
Data from fifty-four pigs: twenty-five Duroc, twenty-one Large White and eight crosses of Duroc and Large White (Hybrid) were used to quantify and mathematically describe the performance traits of pigs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of genotype, sex and their interaction on the performance characteristics of three pig genotypes. The pigs were 30 kg of body weight and 70 days of age at the beginning of the study. Records for body weight (BW), body length (BL), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), rump and back fat thickness, trunk length(TRL), height at withers (HW), chest girth (CG),tail length (TL), shoulder to tail length (STL) were used for the analysis. The results of the least squares means analysis on the performance traits showed that genotype and sex were important sources of variation for traits such as feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), rump and back fat thickness. Also, the linear body traits namely; body weight (BW), body length (BL), trunk length (TRL), height at withers (HW), chest girth (CG), tail length(TL) and shoulder to tail length (STL) were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by genotype and sex. The male sex and the hybrid had better performance traits at various stages. Key words: Pig, genotype, sex, hybrid, duroc, Large White.
{"title":"Genotype and sex effects on the performance characteristics of pigs","authors":"O. Morenikeji, O. J. Ogunshola, O. A. Adu, S. Aro, C. A. Chineke","doi":"10.5897/IJLP2015.0254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJLP2015.0254","url":null,"abstract":"Data from fifty-four pigs: twenty-five Duroc, twenty-one Large White and eight crosses of Duroc and Large White (Hybrid) were used to quantify and mathematically describe the performance traits of pigs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of genotype, sex and their interaction on the performance characteristics of three pig genotypes. The pigs were 30 kg of body weight and 70 days of age at the beginning of the study. Records for body weight (BW), body length (BL), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), rump and back fat thickness, trunk length(TRL), height at withers (HW), chest girth (CG),tail length (TL), shoulder to tail length (STL) were used for the analysis. The results of the least squares means analysis on the performance traits showed that genotype and sex were important sources of variation for traits such as feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), rump and back fat thickness. Also, the linear body traits namely; body weight (BW), body length (BL), trunk length (TRL), height at withers (HW), chest girth (CG), tail length(TL) and shoulder to tail length (STL) were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by genotype and sex. The male sex and the hybrid had better performance traits at various stages. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Pig, genotype, sex, hybrid, duroc, Large White.","PeriodicalId":14143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Livestock Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75574603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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