The present study was design to evaluate the Mentha longifolia stem, flower and leaves infusion, decoction and hydroalcoholic extracts to determine the bioactive molecules and antifungal activities by zone of inhibition technique, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were assay by broth dilution technique and spore germination assay using Light Compound Microscope against plant pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus parasiticus, Rhizoctonia solani and Alternaria alternata). The Mentha longifolia phytochemicals were found in the range flavonoids 3.8 - 2.4%, saponins were 5.6-3.4%, alkaloids 0.7-0.1% and total phenolic were 40-15 mg Gallic acid/g. The maximum zone of inhibition 23±1 mm and 22±1 mm were found by hydroalcoholic leaves extract against Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus parasiticus respectively. The MIC range of hydroalcoholic were 12.5-100 mg/mL, infusion were 25-100 mg/mL and decoction were 25-200 mg/mL. While MFC range of hydroalcoholic were 25-200 mg/mL, infusion were 50- 200 mg/mL and decoction were 50-200 mg/mL. Spore germination assay reaveled that increse in the extract concenetration decrese the spore germination. The results revealed that Mentha longifolia chemical composition might be build up as latent bio- fungicides against plant pathogenic fungi.
{"title":"Comparative bioactive compounds and antifungal potential evaluation of Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson (Lamiaceae) extracts against plant pathogenic fungi","authors":"Javid Ali, J. Abbas","doi":"10.4314/ijest.v15i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v15i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was design to evaluate the Mentha longifolia stem, flower and leaves infusion, decoction and hydroalcoholic extracts to determine the bioactive molecules and antifungal activities by zone of inhibition technique, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were assay by broth dilution technique and spore germination assay using Light Compound Microscope against plant pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus parasiticus, Rhizoctonia solani and Alternaria alternata). The Mentha longifolia phytochemicals were found in the range flavonoids 3.8 - 2.4%, saponins were 5.6-3.4%, alkaloids 0.7-0.1% and total phenolic were 40-15 mg Gallic acid/g. The maximum zone of inhibition 23±1 mm and 22±1 mm were found by hydroalcoholic leaves extract against Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus parasiticus respectively. The MIC range of hydroalcoholic were 12.5-100 mg/mL, infusion were 25-100 mg/mL and decoction were 25-200 mg/mL. While MFC range of hydroalcoholic were 25-200 mg/mL, infusion were 50- 200 mg/mL and decoction were 50-200 mg/mL. Spore germination assay reaveled that increse in the extract concenetration decrese the spore germination. The results revealed that Mentha longifolia chemical composition might be build up as latent bio- fungicides against plant pathogenic fungi.","PeriodicalId":14145,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83832626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The major concern of reverse logistics operations involves reducing logistics costs, improving after sales service, waste disposal and providing good quality service in today's green environment. Process optimization involving uncertainty under reverse logistics set-up is a major challenge. There is a need to consider the dynamics of the real situation because of the variation of product/process characteristics to make the system more robust. A comparative analysis and the need for multi-stage optimization are illustrated here based on a single stage optimization model after performing its sensitivity analysis. Accordingly, a multi-stage optimization problem is formulated here to solve the cost optimization problem of charge mix under a reverse logistics set-up of a foundry business and to deal with the uncertainties involved in a practical business scenario. The proposed framework can be effectively implemented in a similar reverse logistics environment considering uncertainties of the process parameters/product characteristics.
{"title":"Multi-Stage optimization under uncertainty in reverse logistics operations: An industrial scenario","authors":"P. Das, Sayantani Ghosh","doi":"10.4314/ijest.v15i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v15i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The major concern of reverse logistics operations involves reducing logistics costs, improving after sales service, waste disposal and providing good quality service in today's green environment. Process optimization involving uncertainty under reverse logistics set-up is a major challenge. There is a need to consider the dynamics of the real situation because of the variation of product/process characteristics to make the system more robust. A comparative analysis and the need for multi-stage optimization are illustrated here based on a single stage optimization model after performing its sensitivity analysis. Accordingly, a multi-stage optimization problem is formulated here to solve the cost optimization problem of charge mix under a reverse logistics set-up of a foundry business and to deal with the uncertainties involved in a practical business scenario. The proposed framework can be effectively implemented in a similar reverse logistics environment considering uncertainties of the process parameters/product characteristics. ","PeriodicalId":14145,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82327794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
More than a billion people do not have access o electricity, so it is important to find ways to generate power close to where they live. Hybrid energy systems can be made and used to generate electricity for homes and businesses that are not connected to national or regional power grids. Hybrid energy systems yield greater environmental and economic returns than stand-alone geothermal, solar, wind, or bigenerational systems. The goal of this paper is to simulate a hybrid power system for COMSATS University in Islamabad that is both technically and economically feasible and plays a big part to support clean energy production and safeguard the environment from toxic emissions. This paper provides a case study of COMSATS University Islamabad. The results showed that a hybrid system with a grid and a wind turbine that produced 1 MWh/yr was the best option. This study also provides a cost summary of PV panels, batteries, diesel generators, capital value, replacement, operation and maintenance (OM), fuel cost, and salvage value in dollars. In this study, a hybrid power system is designed that can provide us with a detailed analysis of power generation and consumption for the case study.
{"title":"Design of hybrid power system for COMSATS University Islamabad using homer pro software","authors":"A. Rashid, Muhammad Ehsan, Javid Rashid","doi":"10.4314/ijest.v15i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v15i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"More than a billion people do not have access o electricity, so it is important to find ways to generate power close to where they live. Hybrid energy systems can be made and used to generate electricity for homes and businesses that are not connected to national or regional power grids. Hybrid energy systems yield greater environmental and economic returns than stand-alone geothermal, solar, wind, or bigenerational systems. The goal of this paper is to simulate a hybrid power system for COMSATS University in Islamabad that is both technically and economically feasible and plays a big part to support clean energy production and safeguard the environment from toxic emissions. This paper provides a case study of COMSATS University Islamabad. The results showed that a hybrid system with a grid and a wind turbine that produced 1 MWh/yr was the best option. This study also provides a cost summary of PV panels, batteries, diesel generators, capital value, replacement, operation and maintenance (OM), fuel cost, and salvage value in dollars. In this study, a hybrid power system is designed that can provide us with a detailed analysis of power generation and consumption for the case study. ","PeriodicalId":14145,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75002804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuyun Yuniar Rohmatin, N. Nurjannah, Stephanus Benedictus
The use portable study desk that is designed to be easy moved still make complaints in muscles and bones give risk for posture. Design improvements can be based on measurements results of static anthropometric and dynamic anthropometric to identify the risk of posture. The method used in this reaserch is a Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method to analyze the risk of posture users of portable study desk, while for the design of study desk using anthropometric data, The purpose of this study was to design a portable study table and analyze the risk posture that occur when users use a portable study desk using the RULA method. The results of study show that design desk study using anthropometric data obtained dimensions of 800 mm in length and 420 mm in width. The table height from the floor to the table surface is 220 mm high. a place to put a D100 mm glass, and there is a place to put a 400 mm cell phone or iPad along with a hole for the cable, there is a Diameter 40 mm. The 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional design process uses Catia software. The results of the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) analysis show that the user's posture risk is indicated in green color, which means that there is no posture that needs to be corrected and that posture is acceptable except for the posture muscles (muscles) which are are indicated red color so needed move as soon possible or muscle stretching, this is in line with Osha (2020) who states that static postures are recommended for stretching muscles to avoid muscle fatigue.
{"title":"USING ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA TO DESIGN A FORTABLE STUDY DESK AND USER POSTURE ANALYSIS WITH THE RAPPID UPPER LIMB ASSESSMENT (RULA) METHOD","authors":"Yuyun Yuniar Rohmatin, N. Nurjannah, Stephanus Benedictus","doi":"10.56127/ijst.v2i1.586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56127/ijst.v2i1.586","url":null,"abstract":"The use portable study desk that is designed to be easy moved still make complaints in muscles and bones give risk for posture. Design improvements can be based on measurements results of static anthropometric and dynamic anthropometric to identify the risk of posture. The method used in this reaserch is a Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method to analyze the risk of posture users of portable study desk, while for the design of study desk using anthropometric data, The purpose of this study was to design a portable study table and analyze the risk posture that occur when users use a portable study desk using the RULA method. The results of study show that design desk study using anthropometric data obtained dimensions of 800 mm in length and 420 mm in width. The table height from the floor to the table surface is 220 mm high. a place to put a D100 mm glass, and there is a place to put a 400 mm cell phone or iPad along with a hole for the cable, there is a Diameter 40 mm. The 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional design process uses Catia software. The results of the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) analysis show that the user's posture risk is indicated in green color, which means that there is no posture that needs to be corrected and that posture is acceptable except for the posture muscles (muscles) which are are indicated red color so needed move as soon possible or muscle stretching, this is in line with Osha (2020) who states that static postures are recommended for stretching muscles to avoid muscle fatigue.","PeriodicalId":14145,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80935528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A cafe is a place that serves food and drink orders in a relaxed or informal atmosphere, a cafe is also a center for social interaction where people can gather to read, write, have business meetings, or just fill their spare time. Recording of food and beverage orders at the Freezing Point Cafe is still done manually and the sales system is still offline where if a buyer wants to order food from the cafe they have to come to the location so it is time consuming and inefficient and many people don't know about the cafe, so a This web-based Food & Beverage Ordering Information System aims to introduce the Cafe to the wider community and make it easier for buyers to place orders for food and drinks offered by the Café without coming directly to the location. This study uses the SDLC method which consists of Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation and Testing. The results of the tests that have been carried out can be concluded that this website has been successfully created, which in terms of appearance is quite attractive, all the menus on the website function properly and are in accordance with the designs and algorithms that have been made before.
{"title":"WEB-BASED FOOD AND BEVERAGES ORDERING INFORMATION SYSTEM AT CAFE IN BEKASI","authors":"Dewi Andryani, Devi Indriani, Risma Maulida","doi":"10.56127/ijst.v2i1.613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56127/ijst.v2i1.613","url":null,"abstract":"A cafe is a place that serves food and drink orders in a relaxed or informal atmosphere, a cafe is also a center for social interaction where people can gather to read, write, have business meetings, or just fill their spare time. Recording of food and beverage orders at the Freezing Point Cafe is still done manually and the sales system is still offline where if a buyer wants to order food from the cafe they have to come to the location so it is time consuming and inefficient and many people don't know about the cafe, so a This web-based Food & Beverage Ordering Information System aims to introduce the Cafe to the wider community and make it easier for buyers to place orders for food and drinks offered by the Café without coming directly to the location. This study uses the SDLC method which consists of Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation and Testing. The results of the tests that have been carried out can be concluded that this website has been successfully created, which in terms of appearance is quite attractive, all the menus on the website function properly and are in accordance with the designs and algorithms that have been made before.","PeriodicalId":14145,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84251569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For assessing capability of a normal process with upper specification limit (USL) conventionally Cpu index is estimated to facilitate better decision making in product and process management. But, in practice, many quality characteristics having USL only, e.g. count data, proportion defective etc. are discrete and follow Poisson or binomial distributions. Some unconventional indices (e.g. Cu , Cfu ¸ Cpcu and Cpyu) are proposed in literature for assessing capability of Poisson or binomial processes. Due to legacy of usages of Cpu index and its interpretations, a user of an unconventional index often tends to interpret its values with reference to the values of Cpu for the bad, good or highly capable normal processes, and get a false impression about the capability of the concerned Poisson or binomial process. In this paper, the key features of those unconventional indices are highlighted and then some numerical analysis is carried out for assessing the interpretation issues associated with these unconventional indices. The results of these analyses reveal that although there is no interpretation issue for the unconventional index Cu , there are serious interpretation issues with all other unconventional indices. The mathematical relationships of estimates of other unconventional indices with the estimate of Cu index are established. It is recommended to convert the estimates of other unconventional indices into estimated Cu value using those relationships before any decision making. Otherwise, users of the other unconventional indices may inadvertently be led to erroneous decision making.
{"title":"The pitfalls of the unconventional process capability indices","authors":"Surajit Pal, S. Gauri","doi":"10.4314/ijest.v15i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v15i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"For assessing capability of a normal process with upper specification limit (USL) conventionally Cpu index is estimated to facilitate better decision making in product and process management. But, in practice, many quality characteristics having USL only, e.g. count data, proportion defective etc. are discrete and follow Poisson or binomial distributions. Some unconventional indices (e.g. Cu , Cfu ¸ Cpcu and Cpyu) are proposed in literature for assessing capability of Poisson or binomial processes. Due to legacy of usages of Cpu index and its interpretations, a user of an unconventional index often tends to interpret its values with reference to the values of Cpu for the bad, good or highly capable normal processes, and get a false impression about the capability of the concerned Poisson or binomial process. In this paper, the key features of those unconventional indices are highlighted and then some numerical analysis is carried out for assessing the interpretation issues associated with these unconventional indices. The results of these analyses reveal that although there is no interpretation issue for the unconventional index Cu , there are serious interpretation issues with all other unconventional indices. The mathematical relationships of estimates of other unconventional indices with the estimate of Cu index are established. It is recommended to convert the estimates of other unconventional indices into estimated Cu value using those relationships before any decision making. Otherwise, users of the other unconventional indices may inadvertently be led to erroneous decision making. ","PeriodicalId":14145,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81301774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New antifungal agrochemicals compounds discovering from natural products are a vital goal for the management of plant pathogenic fungi. As present synthetic fungicide used for the treatment of plant pathogenic fungi have negative effects on environment and human health. Therefore, it is need of the day to develop and discover new antifungal substances from natural products. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the extracts of leaves, seeds and twigs of Azadirachta indica using infusion, decoction and microwave extraction techniques. These extracts were subjected to phytochemical quantification, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis and antifungal assays against pathogenic fungi by well diffusion technique. The quantitative of phytochemicals screening showed that leaves had showed high concentrations of bioactive compounds, seeds showed a moderate and twigs observed the least phyto-compounds. The infusion extracts system showed high amount of active compounds, followed by microwave and decoction. Extracts of leaves and seeds showed evidence of inhibition growth of fungi. The spectra of FTIR verified the occurrence of different functional groups such as aromatic compounds, alkanes, alkyl halides, amines, carboxylic acids, phenols, alcohol and amino acids, in the neem extracts. Relevant stakeholders along with the help of policy makers and researchers should build extra understanding regarding the requirement to clinch products of organic fungicides like secure fungus management system.
{"title":"Comparative bioactive compounds and fourier transform infrared spectroscopic evaluation of Azadirachta indica extracts and its potential as bio-fungicides against plant pathogenic fungi","authors":"","doi":"10.4314/ijest.v15i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v15i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"New antifungal agrochemicals compounds discovering from natural products are a vital goal for the management of plant pathogenic fungi. As present synthetic fungicide used for the treatment of plant pathogenic fungi have negative effects on environment and human health. Therefore, it is need of the day to develop and discover new antifungal substances from natural products. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the extracts of leaves, seeds and twigs of Azadirachta indica using infusion, decoction and microwave extraction techniques. These extracts were subjected to phytochemical quantification, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis and antifungal assays against pathogenic fungi by well diffusion technique. The quantitative of phytochemicals screening showed that leaves had showed high concentrations of bioactive compounds, seeds showed a moderate and twigs observed the least phyto-compounds. The infusion extracts system showed high amount of active compounds, followed by microwave and decoction. Extracts of leaves and seeds showed evidence of inhibition growth of fungi. The spectra of FTIR verified the occurrence of different functional groups such as aromatic compounds, alkanes, alkyl halides, amines, carboxylic acids, phenols, alcohol and amino acids, in the neem extracts. Relevant stakeholders along with the help of policy makers and researchers should build extra understanding regarding the requirement to clinch products of organic fungicides like secure fungus management system.","PeriodicalId":14145,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89799310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ludovic Ivan Ntom Nkotto, B. Manjia, Ekode Rodin Wilson, Jordan Valdès Sontia Metekong, Sontia Metekong
In developing countries (DC), particularly in Cameroon, the demand for drinking water is increasing. To date, the methods of design, sizing and extension of existing drinking water networks are done through the EPANET application which is a simulation software based on the Hardy-Cross method. The main objective of this study is to set up a local tool adapted to the context of D.C. allowing the design, sizing and extension of networks based on the rough model method (RMM). Thus, on the basis of a previously modelled existing network, a comparison was made between the Hardy-Cross method and the RMM (according to the criteria: costs, speed of execution, aptitude for automation, fidelity and precision) with the multi-criteria analysis tool PROMETHEE II. The results of this analysis show that the best adapted method for the design, sizing and extension of drinking water networks is the RMM. It appears that the setting up of water supply networks in DC must be done by the RMM for affordable costs, rapid execution, easy reproducibility and reliable precision.
{"title":"Optimisation of the choice of the sizing method for drinking water networks in the developing countries: A case of Cameroon","authors":"Ludovic Ivan Ntom Nkotto, B. Manjia, Ekode Rodin Wilson, Jordan Valdès Sontia Metekong, Sontia Metekong","doi":"10.4314/ijest.v15i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v15i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"In developing countries (DC), particularly in Cameroon, the demand for drinking water is increasing. To date, the methods of design, sizing and extension of existing drinking water networks are done through the EPANET application which is a simulation software based on the Hardy-Cross method. The main objective of this study is to set up a local tool adapted to the context of D.C. allowing the design, sizing and extension of networks based on the rough model method (RMM). Thus, on the basis of a previously modelled existing network, a comparison was made between the Hardy-Cross method and the RMM (according to the criteria: costs, speed of execution, aptitude for automation, fidelity and precision) with the multi-criteria analysis tool PROMETHEE II. The results of this analysis show that the best adapted method for the design, sizing and extension of drinking water networks is the RMM. It appears that the setting up of water supply networks in DC must be done by the RMM for affordable costs, rapid execution, easy reproducibility and reliable precision.","PeriodicalId":14145,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77143024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cement sand mortar is frequently used as water proofing plaster layer for water retaining structures. However, the current practice of using standard mortar for plastering has shown to be infective due to observed leakages and low durability of some water retaining structures. In the effort of solving these problems, materials engineers have used artificial chemicals like Zypex to control leakages and improve durability with some success. This paper reports on a study done to address the use of high workability plaster mortar as a solution to meet serviceability requirements for water retaining structures. The study involved the development of mix ratios 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 for standard mortar mixes and using the same mix ratios with different doses of super-plasticizer from 0.00% to 0.50%, testing all mortar mixes for physical properties then determining their performances. The performance of mortar mixes was investigated in terms of workability, unit weight, strength development, tensile strength and water absorption. The test results have indicated high performance and suitability of high workability mortar mixes forplastering water retaining structures.
{"title":"Performance of high workability plaster mortar for water tanks","authors":"J. Makunza","doi":"10.4314/ijest.v15i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v15i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Cement sand mortar is frequently used as water proofing plaster layer for water retaining structures. However, the current practice of using standard mortar for plastering has shown to be infective due to observed leakages and low durability of some water retaining structures. In the effort of solving these problems, materials engineers have used artificial chemicals like Zypex to control leakages and improve durability with some success. This paper reports on a study done to address the use of high workability plaster mortar as a solution to meet serviceability requirements for water retaining structures. The study involved the development of mix ratios 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 for standard mortar mixes and using the same mix ratios with different doses of super-plasticizer from 0.00% to 0.50%, testing all mortar mixes for physical properties then determining their performances. The performance of mortar mixes was investigated in terms of workability, unit weight, strength development, tensile strength and water absorption. The test results have indicated high performance and suitability of high workability mortar mixes forplastering water retaining structures.","PeriodicalId":14145,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90372549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Excavator is one of the heavy equipment used to move material from one place to another. The excavator consists of several parts, one of which is the side frame. The side frame is the bottom part of the excavator which functions to hold the load, steer, support the unit and act as the driving force for the heavy equipment. The data collection method was taken by reading data supporting books, making direct observations and conducting question and answer. The side frame uses SS400 material, SS 400 steel is low carbon steel with carbon content (max 0.17% C) or low carbon steel according to ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials) A36 or JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) G3101 standards. SS 400 steel can only be hardened by surface hardening such as caburizing. In the process of making the ZX – 200 5G side frame, the first process is tack welding idler bracket and motor bracket which uses 322 watt amperes and 29 – 36 V voltage. Then full idler and motor bracket welding takes ±42 minutes. Followed by the process of full welding of the idler and motor bracket with the middle body using amperes of 275 – 300 A, voltage 33 – 35 V. Then the process of making the center line and ending the process of visual inspection of the welds.
{"title":"PRODUCTION PROCESS OF ZX - 200 5G SIDE FRAME AT PT. OHGISHI INDONESIA","authors":"Abdul Muchlis, Andika Wisnu, Supriyono","doi":"10.56127/ijst.v2i1.851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56127/ijst.v2i1.851","url":null,"abstract":"Excavator is one of the heavy equipment used to move material from one place to another. The excavator consists of several parts, one of which is the side frame. The side frame is the bottom part of the excavator which functions to hold the load, steer, support the unit and act as the driving force for the heavy equipment. The data collection method was taken by reading data supporting books, making direct observations and conducting question and answer. The side frame uses SS400 material, SS 400 steel is low carbon steel with carbon content (max 0.17% C) or low carbon steel according to ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials) A36 or JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) G3101 standards. SS 400 steel can only be hardened by surface hardening such as caburizing. In the process of making the ZX – 200 5G side frame, the first process is tack welding idler bracket and motor bracket which uses 322 watt amperes and 29 – 36 V voltage. Then full idler and motor bracket welding takes ±42 minutes. Followed by the process of full welding of the idler and motor bracket with the middle body using amperes of 275 – 300 A, voltage 33 – 35 V. Then the process of making the center line and ending the process of visual inspection of the welds.","PeriodicalId":14145,"journal":{"name":"International journal of engineering science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90300208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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