Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38605
Seyed Ali Mohtarami, A. Hedjazi, Reza Haj Manouchehri
Background: One of the main steps in identifying a person in forensic medicine is determining the age of skeletal remains, including the skull. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of predicting age from facial angles (glabella, piriformis, and maxillary angle and measuring peripheral length and width) with artificial intelligence in a CT scan. Methods: The cross-sectional study method is simple random sampling using a questionnaire. Accurately measurable CT scan samples are selected. For exclusion criteria, gender uncertainty, and the possibility of measurement based on CT scan quality, the researchers examined the facial angles (angle of the glabella and maxilla and length and width of the piriformis) for 100 men and 100 women. The Mean±SD of the age was 39.16±2.22 years for men and 47.84±2.46 years for women. The samples were classified based on age differences, and then the data were analyzed using machine learning algorithms to determine the age group. Results: After determining the exact amount of measurement, the data were evaluated by machine learning algorithms to determine the age group. Accordingly, in the age group classification based on the World Health Organization (WHO) (with an age difference of 10 years) (years±5) with 100% accuracy and in the second classification (with an age difference of 5 years) (years±2.5) with 88% accuracy and 79% precision of the age group was predicted. Conclusion: The obtained data show the importance of new artificial intelligence methods, including machine learning, in providing new methods to determine age groups (age±2.5) through skull angles with high accuracy in cases where even cranial remains are found in identification in forensic medicine.
{"title":"Determining the Age Range Based on Machine-Learning Methods From Facial Skeletal Angles (Glabella and Maxilla Angle and Length and Width of Piriformis) in CT Scan","authors":"Seyed Ali Mohtarami, A. Hedjazi, Reza Haj Manouchehri","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38605","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the main steps in identifying a person in forensic medicine is determining the age of skeletal remains, including the skull. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of predicting age from facial angles (glabella, piriformis, and maxillary angle and measuring peripheral length and width) with artificial intelligence in a CT scan. Methods: The cross-sectional study method is simple random sampling using a questionnaire. Accurately measurable CT scan samples are selected. For exclusion criteria, gender uncertainty, and the possibility of measurement based on CT scan quality, the researchers examined the facial angles (angle of the glabella and maxilla and length and width of the piriformis) for 100 men and 100 women. The Mean±SD of the age was 39.16±2.22 years for men and 47.84±2.46 years for women. The samples were classified based on age differences, and then the data were analyzed using machine learning algorithms to determine the age group. Results: After determining the exact amount of measurement, the data were evaluated by machine learning algorithms to determine the age group. Accordingly, in the age group classification based on the World Health Organization (WHO) (with an age difference of 10 years) (years±5) with 100% accuracy and in the second classification (with an age difference of 5 years) (years±2.5) with 88% accuracy and 79% precision of the age group was predicted. Conclusion: The obtained data show the importance of new artificial intelligence methods, including machine learning, in providing new methods to determine age groups (age±2.5) through skull angles with high accuracy in cases where even cranial remains are found in identification in forensic medicine.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45768824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38615
Abrar Roshdy Abouelkeir, Abla Abdel Alrahman Ali, Mokhtar Fathi Abdelsatar, Laila Ahmed Rashed, Shimaa Ahmed Alsaeed
Background: Semen identification is assumed a crucial proof of sexual assault. Moreover, body fluids at the crime scene of a human being, such as blood, semen, and saliva, are often mixed. Methods: Hence, in our study, we aimed to use methylation analysis targeting DNA epigenetic markers Spectrin beta chain (B_SPTB_03) and DEAD-box protein (DDX4) to differentiate between fresh semen (less than 4 hours) and aged semen (after 24 hours) as well as to differentiate between semen alone and semen mixed with other body fluids (blood and saliva) in the fresh and dried state. Results: Our findings showed statistically significant differences in the methylation patterns of the SPTB and DDX4 loci to distinguish semen from mixed body fluids in fresh and old samples. We were able to obtain two novel cutoff values to differentiate between fresh and aged semen, which are (52.25) with the SPTB marker and (70.75) with the DDX4 marker. Conclusion: It is concluded that the methylation approach based on the epigenetic markers of Spectrin beta chain and DEAD-box protein (B_SPTB_03 and DDX4) successfully identified fresh from aged semen and semen-derived alleles from mixed stains, hence it is recommended to be employed in forensic practice.
{"title":"Application of the Methylated Markers (Spectrin Beta and DEAD-Box Protein) for Definitive Differentiation Between Fresh and Aged Semen by evaluating Their Role in Identifying Semen From Mixed Body Fluids","authors":"Abrar Roshdy Abouelkeir, Abla Abdel Alrahman Ali, Mokhtar Fathi Abdelsatar, Laila Ahmed Rashed, Shimaa Ahmed Alsaeed","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38615","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Semen identification is assumed a crucial proof of sexual assault. Moreover, body fluids at the crime scene of a human being, such as blood, semen, and saliva, are often mixed. Methods: Hence, in our study, we aimed to use methylation analysis targeting DNA epigenetic markers Spectrin beta chain (B_SPTB_03) and DEAD-box protein (DDX4) to differentiate between fresh semen (less than 4 hours) and aged semen (after 24 hours) as well as to differentiate between semen alone and semen mixed with other body fluids (blood and saliva) in the fresh and dried state. Results: Our findings showed statistically significant differences in the methylation patterns of the SPTB and DDX4 loci to distinguish semen from mixed body fluids in fresh and old samples. We were able to obtain two novel cutoff values to differentiate between fresh and aged semen, which are (52.25) with the SPTB marker and (70.75) with the DDX4 marker. Conclusion: It is concluded that the methylation approach based on the epigenetic markers of Spectrin beta chain and DEAD-box protein (B_SPTB_03 and DDX4) successfully identified fresh from aged semen and semen-derived alleles from mixed stains, hence it is recommended to be employed in forensic practice.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41735487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.37771
S. Tehrani, Hadiseh Shabanpour Dehbaneh, N. Khabiri, I. Alavi Darazam, S. Shokouhi, Z. Sahraei, M. Zaman, M. Shabani
Background: Due to uncontrolled lymphocyte reaction, the overproduction of cytokines in COVID-19 patients can cause sepsis-like symptoms, suggesting sepsis, cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH). Since different therapeutic approaches are used for each diagnosis, differentiation is essential. This study aims to use H-score as a possible prognostic tool in COVID-19 patients. Methods: A sample of 64 moderate and severe COVID-19 patients was enrolled in this study. Clinical and laboratory findings were assessed. H-score was initially calculated and reevaluated among severe cases 72 hours later and among moderate cases showing severe features of COVID-19. Results: Mortality of 31.3% was reported. Laboratory findings, including triglycerides (TG), ferritin, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) showed significantly higher initial and follow-up laboratory assessment levels in severe cases than in moderate cases. Moreover, fibrinogen was significantly higher among severe cases than moderate cases at the initial assessment, but no significant difference was reported in the second fibrinogen assessment. Conclusion: In this study, H-score was useful as a predictive tool for the initial evaluation of severe cases of COVID-19. H-score is much lower in these patients than in non-COVID-19 HLH patients may be due to the different underlying immunologic pathophysiology of COVID-19; thus, each H-score criterion must be evaluated for sensitivity and specificity in COVID-19 patients. The H-score cut-offs, H-score may be useful for diagnosing immune overreaction and determining the need for more exclusive immunomodulatory treatments.
{"title":"Evaluation of Outcome in Patients With Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Via H-Score","authors":"S. Tehrani, Hadiseh Shabanpour Dehbaneh, N. Khabiri, I. Alavi Darazam, S. Shokouhi, Z. Sahraei, M. Zaman, M. Shabani","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.37771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.37771","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to uncontrolled lymphocyte reaction, the overproduction of cytokines in COVID-19 patients can cause sepsis-like symptoms, suggesting sepsis, cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH). Since different therapeutic approaches are used for each diagnosis, differentiation is essential. This study aims to use H-score as a possible prognostic tool in COVID-19 patients. Methods: A sample of 64 moderate and severe COVID-19 patients was enrolled in this study. Clinical and laboratory findings were assessed. H-score was initially calculated and reevaluated among severe cases 72 hours later and among moderate cases showing severe features of COVID-19. Results: Mortality of 31.3% was reported. Laboratory findings, including triglycerides (TG), ferritin, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) showed significantly higher initial and follow-up laboratory assessment levels in severe cases than in moderate cases. Moreover, fibrinogen was significantly higher among severe cases than moderate cases at the initial assessment, but no significant difference was reported in the second fibrinogen assessment. Conclusion: In this study, H-score was useful as a predictive tool for the initial evaluation of severe cases of COVID-19. H-score is much lower in these patients than in non-COVID-19 HLH patients may be due to the different underlying immunologic pathophysiology of COVID-19; thus, each H-score criterion must be evaluated for sensitivity and specificity in COVID-19 patients. The H-score cut-offs, H-score may be useful for diagnosing immune overreaction and determining the need for more exclusive immunomodulatory treatments.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42981321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38109
Basma Kamal Ibrahim, Abla Abdelmeguid Attia, L. Rashed, M. E. El Salam, Heba Abdo Abdel Razik
Background: While messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) can be used to identify the type of body fluid, its degradation can also indicate the time interval since it was deposited. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature on the estimation of the age of human semen stains using mRNA deposited on porous versus non-porous surfaces at different time intervals. Methods: Ten semen samples were applied on two different media (glass and cotton) and exposed to three different temperatures (4°C, room temperature, 40°C) and examined at threetime intervals (0, 45, and 90 days). The semen-specific mRNA markers protamine 1 (PRM1) and protamine 2 (PRM2) were quantitatively assessed along with a reference gene, beta-actin, using a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Mean Cq values of mRNA markers (PRM1 and PRM2) and the reference gene (betaactin) increased with time of storage at different temperatures in both examined media. The mean quantification cycle (Cq) values of PRM2 were lower than PRM1, indicating that the levels of PRM2 marker in semen stain were higher than those of PRM1 marker. However, the mean Cq values of PRM2 at each time interval were not significantly different between temperatures, while PRM1 showed statistically significant differences in mean Cq values between temperatures at day 45 in both media. Conclusion: These results indicate that PRM2 can act as a reliable mRNA marker to estimate the time of deposition of semen stain at different temperatures on two different media.
{"title":"The Effect of Temperature on Age Estimation of Semen Stains on Porous Versus Non-porous Surfaces Using Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Measurement","authors":"Basma Kamal Ibrahim, Abla Abdelmeguid Attia, L. Rashed, M. E. El Salam, Heba Abdo Abdel Razik","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38109","url":null,"abstract":"Background: While messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) can be used to identify the type of body fluid, its degradation can also indicate the time interval since it was deposited. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature on the estimation of the age of human semen stains using mRNA deposited on porous versus non-porous surfaces at different time intervals. Methods: Ten semen samples were applied on two different media (glass and cotton) and exposed to three different temperatures (4°C, room temperature, 40°C) and examined at threetime intervals (0, 45, and 90 days). The semen-specific mRNA markers protamine 1 (PRM1) and protamine 2 (PRM2) were quantitatively assessed along with a reference gene, beta-actin, using a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Mean Cq values of mRNA markers (PRM1 and PRM2) and the reference gene (betaactin) increased with time of storage at different temperatures in both examined media. The mean quantification cycle (Cq) values of PRM2 were lower than PRM1, indicating that the levels of PRM2 marker in semen stain were higher than those of PRM1 marker. However, the mean Cq values of PRM2 at each time interval were not significantly different between temperatures, while PRM1 showed statistically significant differences in mean Cq values between temperatures at day 45 in both media. Conclusion: These results indicate that PRM2 can act as a reliable mRNA marker to estimate the time of deposition of semen stain at different temperatures on two different media.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48624228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38299
Saeedehsadat Valiollahzadeh, A. Ostadi, F. Rahmani
Background: Using different scores to predict the outcome of patients and determine the severity of their illness could be effective in making better clinical decisions and helping patients. The purpose of this study is to determine the predictive value of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) and Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) of in-hospital mortality in patients with a suicide attempt. Methods: In a diagnostic study, we included 453 patients with suicide attempts in the poisoning unit and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) poisoning unit of Sina Hospital from December 2019 to September 2021. Patients’ vital signs and level of consciousness were recorded and then analyzed by statistical methods. Results: The Mean±SD of patients’ age was 31.82±12.28 and the mortality rate was 7.7%. The median (25%-75%) of NEWS and MEWS in all patients was 4(2-7) and 2(1-3), respectively. Based on the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of NEWS, the Area Under The Curve (AUC) (CI95%), standard error, and cut off point were 0.915(0.876-0.995), 0.020, and 7.5 respectively (85% sensitivity and 81% specificity) (P˂0.001). The results of MEWS based on Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve were 0.87 (0.805-0.932), 0.033, and 3.5 respectively (74% sensitivity and 84% specificity) (P˂0.001). Conclusion: Based on our study results, we concluded that in hospitalized patients with suicide attempts, the accuracy of NEWS in predicting hospital mortality is higher than MEWS
背景:使用不同的评分来预测患者的预后和确定其疾病的严重程度，可以有效地做出更好的临床决策和帮助患者。本研究的目的是确定国家预警评分(NEWS)和修正预警评分(MEWS)对自杀未遂患者住院死亡率的预测价值。方法:在一项诊断研究中，我们纳入了2019年12月至2021年9月在新浪医院中毒病房和重症监护病房(ICU)中毒病房自杀未遂的453例患者。记录患者生命体征及意识水平，并用统计学方法进行分析。结果:患者年龄的平均值±SD为31.82±12.28，病死率为7.7%。所有患者NEWS和MEWS的中位数(25%-75%)分别为4(2-7)和2(1-3)。基于NEWS的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线，曲线下面积(AUC) (CI95%)、标准误差(standard error)和截止点(cut off point)分别为0.915(0.876 ~ 0.995)、0.020和7.5(敏感性85%，特异性81%)(P小于0.001)。基于受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线的MEWS结果分别为0.87(0.805 ~ 0.932)、0.033和3.5(敏感性74%，特异性84%)(P小于0.001)。结论:根据我们的研究结果，我们得出结论，在自杀未遂住院患者中，NEWS预测医院死亡率的准确性高于MEWS
{"title":"Predictive Value of National Early Warning Score and Modified Early Warning Score in Outcome of Patients With Poisoning","authors":"Saeedehsadat Valiollahzadeh, A. Ostadi, F. Rahmani","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38299","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Using different scores to predict the outcome of patients and determine the severity of their illness could be effective in making better clinical decisions and helping patients. The purpose of this study is to determine the predictive value of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) and Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) of in-hospital mortality in patients with a suicide attempt. Methods: In a diagnostic study, we included 453 patients with suicide attempts in the poisoning unit and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) poisoning unit of Sina Hospital from December 2019 to September 2021. Patients’ vital signs and level of consciousness were recorded and then analyzed by statistical methods. Results: The Mean±SD of patients’ age was 31.82±12.28 and the mortality rate was 7.7%. The median (25%-75%) of NEWS and MEWS in all patients was 4(2-7) and 2(1-3), respectively. Based on the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of NEWS, the Area Under The Curve (AUC) (CI95%), standard error, and cut off point were 0.915(0.876-0.995), 0.020, and 7.5 respectively (85% sensitivity and 81% specificity) (P˂0.001). The results of MEWS based on Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve were 0.87 (0.805-0.932), 0.033, and 3.5 respectively (74% sensitivity and 84% specificity) (P˂0.001). Conclusion: Based on our study results, we concluded that in hospitalized patients with suicide attempts, the accuracy of NEWS in predicting hospital mortality is higher than MEWS","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43479948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38931
Arezou Mahdavinejad, H. Talaie, A. Saffaei, Mitra Rahimi, S. M. Hosseini
Background: Drug-induced liver injury is a major cause of hepatitis worldwide. In patients diagnosed with acute poisoning, drug-induced liver injury is a critical challenge. This study aims to evaluate the pattern of hepatotoxicity in poisoned patients admitted to Loghman Hakim Hospital. Methods: In this cross-sectional study that was conducted at Loghman Hakim hospital, the clinical records of poisoned patients were evaluated and patients with hepatotoxicity were selected for final analysis. The clinical and para-clinical information of these patients was recorded. The SPSS software, version 23. was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 260 cases were included in this study. The Mean±SD age of patients was 38.24±16.29 years and most of them were male (79.2%). Patients with narcotics poisoning had the highest prevalence (38.5%), especially when they were taken together with acetaminophen or benzodiazepine. In addition, among the patients studied, those with underlying cardiovascular disease are more likely to develop hepatotoxicity. Conclusion: In conclusion, among people with various types of poisoning, it seems that narcotics (opium, heroin, methadone, etc.), particularly when taken together with acetaminophen or benzodiazepines, cause hepatotoxicity and increase serum levels of liver aminotransferases. Also, in the study population, patients with underlying cardiovascular disease had a higher chance of liver injury. Therefore, clinicians are recommended to accurately monitor the sign and symptoms of hepatotoxicity in these populations.
{"title":"Hepatotoxicity Among Poisoned Patients: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Arezou Mahdavinejad, H. Talaie, A. Saffaei, Mitra Rahimi, S. M. Hosseini","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38931","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drug-induced liver injury is a major cause of hepatitis worldwide. In patients diagnosed with acute poisoning, drug-induced liver injury is a critical challenge. This study aims to evaluate the pattern of hepatotoxicity in poisoned patients admitted to Loghman Hakim Hospital. Methods: In this cross-sectional study that was conducted at Loghman Hakim hospital, the clinical records of poisoned patients were evaluated and patients with hepatotoxicity were selected for final analysis. The clinical and para-clinical information of these patients was recorded. The SPSS software, version 23. was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 260 cases were included in this study. The Mean±SD age of patients was 38.24±16.29 years and most of them were male (79.2%). Patients with narcotics poisoning had the highest prevalence (38.5%), especially when they were taken together with acetaminophen or benzodiazepine. In addition, among the patients studied, those with underlying cardiovascular disease are more likely to develop hepatotoxicity. Conclusion: In conclusion, among people with various types of poisoning, it seems that narcotics (opium, heroin, methadone, etc.), particularly when taken together with acetaminophen or benzodiazepines, cause hepatotoxicity and increase serum levels of liver aminotransferases. Also, in the study population, patients with underlying cardiovascular disease had a higher chance of liver injury. Therefore, clinicians are recommended to accurately monitor the sign and symptoms of hepatotoxicity in these populations.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47741146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38932
Mjtaba Ahmadinejad, Elham Valimohammdi, Ghazale Molaverdi, Seydehamideh Hashemi, Mohammad Hadi Bahri, Javad zebarjadi bagherpour
Background: According to the last report of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNOCD), opiate use (including heroin) is 1.2% of the world population. In Iran, about 2 million people are drug addicts. Heroin reduces gastric motility and prolongs gastric emptying time and causes gastric dilation which can be a reason for gastric ischemia. Gastric ischemia is an uncommon condition due to the rich gastric blood perfusion and collateral arteries. As some studies show, gastric dilation can be the cause of gastric necrosis. Methods: A 22-year-old woman presented to our hospital with severe abdominal pain and several episodes of vomiting. The patient declared that she had a history of addiction to methamphetamine and heroin. Abdominal examination revealed a soft and non-distended abdomen with generalized tenderness, mostly in the hypogastric region without rebound tenderness. Abdominal radiograph revealed that the stomach was highly distended. Abdominal CT without contrast confirmed severe gastric dilatation. In endoscopy, multiple necrotic lesions were seen throughout the stomach and mostly in the proximal part. Our finding in the laparotomy was gastric necrosis in the proximal part, which resulted in a total gastrectomy. Esophagojejunostomy was performed with roux en y reconstruction after total gastrectomy. Conclusion: Opioids can increase the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction and can increase the risk of infection in the GI tract. In our case, heroin abuse caused gastric dilation and massive gastric necrosis.
{"title":"Can Heroin Poisoning Lead to Stomach Necrosis? A Case Report","authors":"Mjtaba Ahmadinejad, Elham Valimohammdi, Ghazale Molaverdi, Seydehamideh Hashemi, Mohammad Hadi Bahri, Javad zebarjadi bagherpour","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38932","url":null,"abstract":"Background: According to the last report of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNOCD), opiate use (including heroin) is 1.2% of the world population. In Iran, about 2 million people are drug addicts. Heroin reduces gastric motility and prolongs gastric emptying time and causes gastric dilation which can be a reason for gastric ischemia. Gastric ischemia is an uncommon condition due to the rich gastric blood perfusion and collateral arteries. As some studies show, gastric dilation can be the cause of gastric necrosis. Methods: A 22-year-old woman presented to our hospital with severe abdominal pain and several episodes of vomiting. The patient declared that she had a history of addiction to methamphetamine and heroin. Abdominal examination revealed a soft and non-distended abdomen with generalized tenderness, mostly in the hypogastric region without rebound tenderness. Abdominal radiograph revealed that the stomach was highly distended. Abdominal CT without contrast confirmed severe gastric dilatation. In endoscopy, multiple necrotic lesions were seen throughout the stomach and mostly in the proximal part. Our finding in the laparotomy was gastric necrosis in the proximal part, which resulted in a total gastrectomy. Esophagojejunostomy was performed with roux en y reconstruction after total gastrectomy. Conclusion: Opioids can increase the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction and can increase the risk of infection in the GI tract. In our case, heroin abuse caused gastric dilation and massive gastric necrosis.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48796147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38573
Kourosh Eftekharian, A. Eftekharian, I. Alavi Darazam, L. Gachkar, Sajjad Panahi, F. Davoodi, Zahra Babamohamadi Esfand Abadi, Mohsen Fazli
Background: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, many vaccines were developed to counter the disease, including the vector-based Sputnik V vaccine. This study aims to identify the side effects of the Sputnik V COVID–19 vaccine in a medical center and compare the results with the previous reports. Methods: A questionnaire-based study was performed after the injection of the first and second doses of the vaccine to assess the side effects experienced by the participants. It was performed by reviewing similar previous studies. Results: Injection site pain, muscle pain, fever, fatigue, chills, and headache were the most common side effects of the vaccine. The incidence of major side effects decreased with age and was lower in men. In our study and others, the incidence of side effects was decreased in the second dose. In some studies, participants with a previous history of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCOV-2) infection developed more side effects, especially injection site pain, muscle pain, and fatigue. Conclusion: Most studies agree with our reported results. Serious side effects of this vaccine are rare and may be considered tolerable in adults.
背景:由于COVID-19大流行，开发了许多疫苗来应对该疾病，包括基于媒介的Sputnik V疫苗。这项研究的目的是在医疗中心确定Sputnik V COVID-19疫苗的副作用，并将结果与之前的报告进行比较。方法:在注射第一剂和第二剂疫苗后进行基于问卷的研究，以评估参与者所经历的副作用。它是通过回顾以前类似的研究来完成的。结果:注射部位疼痛、肌肉疼痛、发热、疲劳、寒战和头痛是疫苗最常见的副作用。主要副作用的发生率随着年龄的增长而下降，在男性中更低。在我们的研究和其他研究中，第二次剂量的副作用发生率降低了。在一些研究中，有严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARSCOV-2)感染史的参与者出现了更多的副作用，特别是注射部位疼痛、肌肉疼痛和疲劳。结论:大多数研究与我们报道的结果一致。这种疫苗的严重副作用是罕见的，在成人中可能被认为是可容忍的。
{"title":"Examining Side Effects of the Sputnik V COVID-19 Vaccine","authors":"Kourosh Eftekharian, A. Eftekharian, I. Alavi Darazam, L. Gachkar, Sajjad Panahi, F. Davoodi, Zahra Babamohamadi Esfand Abadi, Mohsen Fazli","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38573","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, many vaccines were developed to counter the disease, including the vector-based Sputnik V vaccine. This study aims to identify the side effects of the Sputnik V COVID–19 vaccine in a medical center and compare the results with the previous reports. Methods: A questionnaire-based study was performed after the injection of the first and second doses of the vaccine to assess the side effects experienced by the participants. It was performed by reviewing similar previous studies. Results: Injection site pain, muscle pain, fever, fatigue, chills, and headache were the most common side effects of the vaccine. The incidence of major side effects decreased with age and was lower in men. In our study and others, the incidence of side effects was decreased in the second dose. In some studies, participants with a previous history of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCOV-2) infection developed more side effects, especially injection site pain, muscle pain, and fatigue. Conclusion: Most studies agree with our reported results. Serious side effects of this vaccine are rare and may be considered tolerable in adults.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48926702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.vi.37627
S. Yekesadat, Maral Ramezani̇, S. Shadnia, H. H. Moghaddam, N. Zamani, PeymanErfan Talab Evini, F. Nazemi, Mitra Rahimi
Background: Suicide is one of the most important psychological emergencies and it is necessary to deal with it. The goal of this study was to evaluate the frequency of suicide attempts, suicide re-attempt, and guesstimated risk factors in suicidal patients in the poisoning ward of Loghman Hakim Hospital. Methods: This study was performed on suicidal patients in Loghman Hakim hospital in 2021 (January to August). The suicide attempt and the type of mental disorder were confirmed by a psychiatrist and the data sheets were completed. The sample size was 500 cases based on previous similar studies. Results: Three hundred fifteen cases attempted suicide for the first time and 185 had a history of suicide. In both groups, the numbers of women were significantly more than men. In addition, 196 cases of the first group and 121 cases of the second group were under 30 years old and 65.1% of cases with first-time suicides and 62.2% of cases with suicide re-attempts were unemployed. In both groups, the most common drug for suicide was benzodiazepines (30.5% and 21.6%). Unfortunately, two patients died. Also, 67.6% in the first-time suicide attempt group and 57.3% in the suicide re-attempt group had adjustment disorder. No significant differences were observed between both groups in terms of gender, age, marital status, education, chronic disease, drug and habit history, employment status, diagnosed mental disorder, and type of drug used for the current suicide. Conclusion: Young age, unemployment, mental disorders (especially adjustment disorder), and female gender are the most important risk factors for a suicide attempt and re-attempt.
{"title":"Suicide and Repeated Suicide Attempt in Intoxicated Patients: An Epidemiological Survey in a Tertiary Center","authors":"S. Yekesadat, Maral Ramezani̇, S. Shadnia, H. H. Moghaddam, N. Zamani, PeymanErfan Talab Evini, F. Nazemi, Mitra Rahimi","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.vi.37627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.vi.37627","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Suicide is one of the most important psychological emergencies and it is necessary to deal with it. The goal of this study was to evaluate the frequency of suicide attempts, suicide re-attempt, and guesstimated risk factors in suicidal patients in the poisoning ward of Loghman Hakim Hospital. Methods: This study was performed on suicidal patients in Loghman Hakim hospital in 2021 (January to August). The suicide attempt and the type of mental disorder were confirmed by a psychiatrist and the data sheets were completed. The sample size was 500 cases based on previous similar studies. Results: Three hundred fifteen cases attempted suicide for the first time and 185 had a history of suicide. In both groups, the numbers of women were significantly more than men. In addition, 196 cases of the first group and 121 cases of the second group were under 30 years old and 65.1% of cases with first-time suicides and 62.2% of cases with suicide re-attempts were unemployed. In both groups, the most common drug for suicide was benzodiazepines (30.5% and 21.6%). Unfortunately, two patients died. Also, 67.6% in the first-time suicide attempt group and 57.3% in the suicide re-attempt group had adjustment disorder. No significant differences were observed between both groups in terms of gender, age, marital status, education, chronic disease, drug and habit history, employment status, diagnosed mental disorder, and type of drug used for the current suicide. Conclusion: Young age, unemployment, mental disorders (especially adjustment disorder), and female gender are the most important risk factors for a suicide attempt and re-attempt.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48048230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.33545/27074447.2022.v4.i2a.53
D. Kumar, Dr. Nishantpurbey, R. .
{"title":"Autopsy and histopathological study in the cerebellum in case of aluminium phosphide poisoning","authors":"D. Kumar, Dr. Nishantpurbey, R. .","doi":"10.33545/27074447.2022.v4.i2a.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/27074447.2022.v4.i2a.53","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90189415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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