Pub Date : 2023-08-05DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i2.40171
Idha Arfianti Wiraagni, Beta Ahlam Gizela, Firdaus, A. B. Auvaq, Budiatri Retno Noormaningrum, Busyra, Wendi Wiradinata, Nurholis Majid
Background: Time of death estimation is crucial to help investigators to solve a case. In this study, Forensica application, version 4, an android-based mobile phone application was developed as a tool to educate and calculate the time of death estimation. This study aimed to compare the level of knowledge between medical students that studied using the application and textbook. Methods: Both groups had the same study duration and answered the same questions. Participants had then filled out a questionnaire about the Forensica. Results: Statistical analysis shows that gender differences do not result in significant differences. The mean of the post-test result shows significant improvement (P=0.00) in both groups when compared to the pre-test result. Conclusion: The result shows that generally, the respondents feel that learning with Forensica was easier, faster, more fun, more practical, and more exciting than learning compared with textbooks. Thus, Forensica application can be a better learning method alternative to textbooks that is easier, faster, more fun, more practical, and more exciting.
{"title":"Forensica Application as Learning Media on Forensic","authors":"Idha Arfianti Wiraagni, Beta Ahlam Gizela, Firdaus, A. B. Auvaq, Budiatri Retno Noormaningrum, Busyra, Wendi Wiradinata, Nurholis Majid","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i2.40171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i2.40171","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Time of death estimation is crucial to help investigators to solve a case. In this study, Forensica application, version 4, an android-based mobile phone application was developed as a tool to educate and calculate the time of death estimation. This study aimed to compare the level of knowledge between medical students that studied using the application and textbook. Methods: Both groups had the same study duration and answered the same questions. Participants had then filled out a questionnaire about the Forensica. Results: Statistical analysis shows that gender differences do not result in significant differences. The mean of the post-test result shows significant improvement (P=0.00) in both groups when compared to the pre-test result. Conclusion: The result shows that generally, the respondents feel that learning with Forensica was easier, faster, more fun, more practical, and more exciting than learning compared with textbooks. Thus, Forensica application can be a better learning method alternative to textbooks that is easier, faster, more fun, more practical, and more exciting.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43667124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-05DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i2.41490
M. Forouzesh, Ramin Talaie, Nahid Dadashzadehasl, Seyed Shahram Mousavi, Abdolrazagh Barzegar, eyed Amirhosein Mahdavi, M. Ghadipasha, Roya Kordrostami, R. Valizadeh
H1N1 swine flu is an acute disease that infects the upper respiratory tract and can cause inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, trachea, and possibly the lower respiratory tract. The known course for H1N1 swine flu is varied from one to four days, on average for most people about two days, but in some cases, it can be up to seven days.
{"title":"Mortality due to H1N1 Influenza in Cases Registered at the Autopsy Halls of Kahrizak, Tehran","authors":"M. Forouzesh, Ramin Talaie, Nahid Dadashzadehasl, Seyed Shahram Mousavi, Abdolrazagh Barzegar, eyed Amirhosein Mahdavi, M. Ghadipasha, Roya Kordrostami, R. Valizadeh","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i2.41490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i2.41490","url":null,"abstract":"H1N1 swine flu is an acute disease that infects the upper respiratory tract and can cause inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, trachea, and possibly the lower respiratory tract. The known course for H1N1 swine flu is varied from one to four days, on average for most people about two days, but in some cases, it can be up to seven days.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47214206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-05DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i2.40267
Zainab Waleed Aziz, Mohammed Ghassan Saeed, Karam Turath Tawfeeq
Background: An accurate histopathological assessment and reporting of testicular biopsies require an appropriate tissue fixative. We assessed the histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical quality of testicular biopsies, comparing 10% formalin versus Bouin solution as tissue fixatives. Methods: This experimental study utilized 20 adult male albino rats equally divided into five cages for 30 days. By the end of the experiment, all animals were anesthetized, and both testes were removed and weighted; one testicle was fixed in 10% formalin and the other testicle in Bouin solution, offering 40 specimens and then subjected to histological, morphometric, histochemical, and immunohistochemical assessments. Results: Formalin revealed high-quality cytological details and better nuclear chromatin detail (P=0.03). At the architectural level, the Bouin solution showed better quality details with less cytoplasmic shrinkage of seminiferous tubule germ cells (P=0.001). Bouin’s fixed tissues were more suitable for staining by trichrome methods but unsuitable when subsequent immunohistochemistry was requested. The diagnostic concordance between the Bouin solution versus formalin-fixed biopsies was 91.7%. Conclusion: This study supports that the morphology of testicular tissue fixed with Bouin solution was nearly comparable to those fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin. However, the Bouin solution cannot substitute formalin when subsequent immunohistochemistry is considered.
{"title":"Formalin Versus Bouin Solution for Rat Testicular Tissue Fixation: A Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Evaluation","authors":"Zainab Waleed Aziz, Mohammed Ghassan Saeed, Karam Turath Tawfeeq","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i2.40267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i2.40267","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An accurate histopathological assessment and reporting of testicular biopsies require an appropriate tissue fixative. We assessed the histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical quality of testicular biopsies, comparing 10% formalin versus Bouin solution as tissue fixatives. Methods: This experimental study utilized 20 adult male albino rats equally divided into five cages for 30 days. By the end of the experiment, all animals were anesthetized, and both testes were removed and weighted; one testicle was fixed in 10% formalin and the other testicle in Bouin solution, offering 40 specimens and then subjected to histological, morphometric, histochemical, and immunohistochemical assessments. Results: Formalin revealed high-quality cytological details and better nuclear chromatin detail (P=0.03). At the architectural level, the Bouin solution showed better quality details with less cytoplasmic shrinkage of seminiferous tubule germ cells (P=0.001). Bouin’s fixed tissues were more suitable for staining by trichrome methods but unsuitable when subsequent immunohistochemistry was requested. The diagnostic concordance between the Bouin solution versus formalin-fixed biopsies was 91.7%. Conclusion: This study supports that the morphology of testicular tissue fixed with Bouin solution was nearly comparable to those fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin. However, the Bouin solution cannot substitute formalin when subsequent immunohistochemistry is considered.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41411161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-05DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i2.40881
Galih Endradita M, Muhammad Kholil Ikhsan, William Daniel Napitupulu, A. Yudianto
Child physical abuse (CPA) is prone to occur in developing areas. Aside from stressors in the home, the presence of a stepfather is another cause of CPA. The case reported here is of a 3-year-old girl who experienced fatal physical abuse by her stepfather. On external examination, bruises were found on the forehead, right and left cheeks, chin, chest, back, upper and lower left arms, pubic lips, upper and lower right legs, and lower left legs, and blisters on the lips. On internal examination, severe damage was found to internal organs. This paper also discussed how this case was viewed from the Indonesian legal framework.
{"title":"Autopsy Finding of Fatal Child Physical Abuse by Stepfather: Case Report","authors":"Galih Endradita M, Muhammad Kholil Ikhsan, William Daniel Napitupulu, A. Yudianto","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i2.40881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i2.40881","url":null,"abstract":"Child physical abuse (CPA) is prone to occur in developing areas. Aside from stressors in the home, the presence of a stepfather is another cause of CPA. The case reported here is of a 3-year-old girl who experienced fatal physical abuse by her stepfather. On external examination, bruises were found on the forehead, right and left cheeks, chin, chest, back, upper and lower left arms, pubic lips, upper and lower right legs, and lower left legs, and blisters on the lips. On internal examination, severe damage was found to internal organs. This paper also discussed how this case was viewed from the Indonesian legal framework.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49030228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i1.39138
M. Safaei, Raziyeh Maasoumi, S. Mahdavi, Laleh Ghadirian
Background: In the current era, divorce has become quite commonplace. One of the significant reasons for divorce is sexual dysfunction. the aim of this study was to explore the perceptions and experience of Forensic Medicine Department service recipients and providers during male sexual dysfunction assessment following filing for divorce. Methods: This study was a qualitative study that was analyzed through a content analysis approach. Individual interviews were used for data collection. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with Twenty service recipients and nine service providers of Forensic Medicine Department in Tehran from Jan 2022 and ended in March 2022. Results: The analysis of the data led to the extraction of two main categories, including: existing challenges of the forensic medical system in the sexual assessment process with 3 sub-categories (Absence of the plaintiff during the assessment process, sharing a common room with other clients, The psychosocial pressure associated with a Rigi Scan test) and features of desirable evaluation services with 5 Sub-categories (Service delivery to couples, Service delivery by observing ethical principles, confidentiality and human dignity, Comprehensive physical-psychological-communicative assessment, Service delivery that emphasizes informing couples about the road ahead, Provision of services if the authenticity of the sexual problem is proven). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, Service recipients expected the claimant to be present throughout the evaluation process and to cover the expenses too. Moreover, they expected a better atmosphere to be available for these individuals and that human dignity and ethical principles be safeguarded. Furthermore, based on their opinions, a comprehensive physical-psychological-communicative assessment was necessary and couples should be informed and aware of the process when they enter it –particularly when the complaint is proven to be unreal, and all evaluations should be performed on both spouses, not just one.
{"title":"Perceptions and experiences of Forensic Medicine Department service recipients and providers during male sexual dysfunction assessment following filing for divorce: a qualitative study in Iran","authors":"M. Safaei, Raziyeh Maasoumi, S. Mahdavi, Laleh Ghadirian","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i1.39138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i1.39138","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the current era, divorce has become quite commonplace. One of the significant reasons for divorce is sexual dysfunction. the aim of this study was to explore the perceptions and experience of Forensic Medicine Department service recipients and providers during male sexual dysfunction assessment following filing for divorce. Methods: This study was a qualitative study that was analyzed through a content analysis approach. Individual interviews were used for data collection. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with Twenty service recipients and nine service providers of Forensic Medicine Department in Tehran from Jan 2022 and ended in March 2022. Results: The analysis of the data led to the extraction of two main categories, including: existing challenges of the forensic medical system in the sexual assessment process with 3 sub-categories (Absence of the plaintiff during the assessment process, sharing a common room with other clients, The psychosocial pressure associated with a Rigi Scan test) and features of desirable evaluation services with 5 Sub-categories (Service delivery to couples, Service delivery by observing ethical principles, confidentiality and human dignity, Comprehensive physical-psychological-communicative assessment, Service delivery that emphasizes informing couples about the road ahead, Provision of services if the authenticity of the sexual problem is proven). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, Service recipients expected the claimant to be present throughout the evaluation process and to cover the expenses too. Moreover, they expected a better atmosphere to be available for these individuals and that human dignity and ethical principles be safeguarded. Furthermore, based on their opinions, a comprehensive physical-psychological-communicative assessment was necessary and couples should be informed and aware of the process when they enter it –particularly when the complaint is proven to be unreal, and all evaluations should be performed on both spouses, not just one.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44804572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i1.39171
S. H. S. Mostafavi, Ramin Emami, A. Memarian, S. Soltani, O. Motamedi, Mohammadreza Khaleghi, Shirin Habibi
Background: Gender identification is a crucial starting point in creating a biological profile for human skeletal remains because it reduces the number of possible matches by 50%. The vertebrae (especially the chest and back) can also be some of the best-preserved skeletal elements in some areas of forensics and archeology. In the present study, gender and age were assessed based on the measurement of three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scan indices of the Twelfth thoracic (T12) vertebrae and the first and fifth lumbar (L1 and L5) vertebrae in Iranian adults. Methods: The present study was a descriptive study carried out on 200 participants over 18 years of age in 2020. Individuals measuring thoracic and lumbar vertebrae diameters (T12 and first and fifth lumbar vertebrae) by three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scan (Toshiba, Japan, 16-Slice) with multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and volume rendering were placed in two sagittal and horizontal sections. Results: The mean age of male and female participants was 34.62±9.63 years and 34.10±9.70 years, respectively, which were not significantly different (P=0.789). The present study showed that the mean indices for T12, L1 and L5 vertebrae were significantly higher in males (P>0.05). The results also showed that T12, L1, and L5 indices of nuts are not good predictors for age estimation. Conclusion: Based on the results, the indices of the T12 vertebrae and the L1, and L5 vertebrae can be used to determine gender, but these indices are not a good criterion to estimate age and do not have the necessary accuracy to predict the age variable.
{"title":"Estimation of Gender and Age Based on Three-dimensional Computed Tomography Scan Indices of the Twelfth Thoracic Vertebrae and the First and Fifth Lumbar Vertebrae in Iranian Adults","authors":"S. H. S. Mostafavi, Ramin Emami, A. Memarian, S. Soltani, O. Motamedi, Mohammadreza Khaleghi, Shirin Habibi","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i1.39171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i1.39171","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gender identification is a crucial starting point in creating a biological profile for human skeletal remains because it reduces the number of possible matches by 50%. The vertebrae (especially the chest and back) can also be some of the best-preserved skeletal elements in some areas of forensics and archeology. In the present study, gender and age were assessed based on the measurement of three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scan indices of the Twelfth thoracic (T12) vertebrae and the first and fifth lumbar (L1 and L5) vertebrae in Iranian adults. Methods: The present study was a descriptive study carried out on 200 participants over 18 years of age in 2020. Individuals measuring thoracic and lumbar vertebrae diameters (T12 and first and fifth lumbar vertebrae) by three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scan (Toshiba, Japan, 16-Slice) with multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and volume rendering were placed in two sagittal and horizontal sections. Results: The mean age of male and female participants was 34.62±9.63 years and 34.10±9.70 years, respectively, which were not significantly different (P=0.789). The present study showed that the mean indices for T12, L1 and L5 vertebrae were significantly higher in males (P>0.05). The results also showed that T12, L1, and L5 indices of nuts are not good predictors for age estimation. Conclusion: Based on the results, the indices of the T12 vertebrae and the L1, and L5 vertebrae can be used to determine gender, but these indices are not a good criterion to estimate age and do not have the necessary accuracy to predict the age variable.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49045017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38718
H. Sadeghi-Gandomani, H. Banafshe, Z. Sadat, Ghaderi Amir, Shirvanizadeh Fatemeh, M. Afshar, Narges Naseri-Borujeni
Background: Aging is a period of human life in which general health, especially happiness, and hope, may be impaired. Also, sleep quality, general health, and happiness of the elderly begin o decline at this stage of life. The present study aimed to determine the effect of crocin of saffron on sleep quality, general health, and happiness in the elderly population Methods: In this triple-blind randomized trial, 70 elderly people referred to Kashan health center in 2020 were selected. The study samples were divided into intervention and control groups using computer-generated random numbers to receive 30 mg/d of crocin (2 plus crocin tablet, 15 mg Beck depression inventory [BID]) (n=35) or placebo (2 tablets per day, 15 mg Beck depression inventory [BID]) (n=35), one hour after taking food, for 4 weeks. The sleep quality, general health, and happiness were evaluated at the beginning of the study, 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, independent t-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The two groups were matched in terms of demographic characteristics (P>0.05). The independent t-test showed no significant difference between the two groups in the baseline (sleep quality P=0.55, general health P=0.060, and happiness P=0.83) while a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups on the post-test (P=0.001) and follow-up for three variables. Conclusion: The consumption of crocin by elderly individuals had useful outcomes on sleep quality, well-being, and happiness. Given that the efficacy of the psychological drugs is vital, nurses can use natural medications, such as crocin to improve the psychological disorders of elderly people.
{"title":"The Effects of Crocin Supplementation on Sleep Quality, General Health, and Happiness in Elderly Population: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial","authors":"H. Sadeghi-Gandomani, H. Banafshe, Z. Sadat, Ghaderi Amir, Shirvanizadeh Fatemeh, M. Afshar, Narges Naseri-Borujeni","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38718","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aging is a period of human life in which general health, especially happiness, and hope, may be impaired. Also, sleep quality, general health, and happiness of the elderly begin o decline at this stage of life. The present study aimed to determine the effect of crocin of saffron on sleep quality, general health, and happiness in the elderly population Methods: In this triple-blind randomized trial, 70 elderly people referred to Kashan health center in 2020 were selected. The study samples were divided into intervention and control groups using computer-generated random numbers to receive 30 mg/d of crocin (2 plus crocin tablet, 15 mg Beck depression inventory [BID]) (n=35) or placebo (2 tablets per day, 15 mg Beck depression inventory [BID]) (n=35), one hour after taking food, for 4 weeks. The sleep quality, general health, and happiness were evaluated at the beginning of the study, 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, independent t-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The two groups were matched in terms of demographic characteristics (P>0.05). The independent t-test showed no significant difference between the two groups in the baseline (sleep quality P=0.55, general health P=0.060, and happiness P=0.83) while a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups on the post-test (P=0.001) and follow-up for three variables. Conclusion: The consumption of crocin by elderly individuals had useful outcomes on sleep quality, well-being, and happiness. Given that the efficacy of the psychological drugs is vital, nurses can use natural medications, such as crocin to improve the psychological disorders of elderly people.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43939124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i1.40000
Sella Takei, H. Kinoshita, M. Jamal, Tadayoshi Yamashita, Etsuko Tanaka, Sachiko Kawahara, Hiroko Abe, S. Kimura
A fatal case of drowning under the influence of etizolam is presented. Quantitative toxicological analysis revealed etizolam concentrations of 0.50 µg/mL and 0.068 µg/mL in femoral venous blood and urine, respectively. According to the autopsy findings, the results of toxicological examinations, and the investigation by the authorities, it is concluded that the cause of death is drowning under the influence of etizolam.
{"title":"An Autopsy Case of Drowning Under the Influence of Etizolam: A Case Report","authors":"Sella Takei, H. Kinoshita, M. Jamal, Tadayoshi Yamashita, Etsuko Tanaka, Sachiko Kawahara, Hiroko Abe, S. Kimura","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i1.40000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i1.40000","url":null,"abstract":"A fatal case of drowning under the influence of etizolam is presented. Quantitative toxicological analysis revealed etizolam concentrations of 0.50 µg/mL and 0.068 µg/mL in femoral venous blood and urine, respectively. According to the autopsy findings, the results of toxicological examinations, and the investigation by the authorities, it is concluded that the cause of death is drowning under the influence of etizolam.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44938782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i1.39497
H. Aboubakr, Nadia Abd El Monem Kotb, F. Shaban, Hanaa Mohamed Samir Elattar, E. Shalaby
Background: Drug abuse is considered a global and growing problem worldwide. Emergency medical care is required for acute intoxication, which adds to the threat of COVID-19. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the pattern of acute toxicity in drug abuse patients admitted to National Environmental and Clinical Toxicology and Research Center (NECTR), Cairo University. Methods: This comparative study included 978 cases admitted to NECTR during 12 months before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018-2019) and 12 months during the pandemic (2020-2021). Results: The number of cases during the pandemic was lower than before; adults and men predominate in both periods. During the pandemic, cannabis, heroin, opium, and alcohol showed a mild increase, while the new synthetic drugs, tramadol, and pregabalin, showed a mild decrease. A significant increase in discharges and a decrease in intensive care unit (ICU) admissions were observed during the pandemic. Besides, more oxygen (O2) therapy was required, and more cases died on mechanical ventilation. The worst outcome was associated with old age, male gender, heroin and opium toxicity, and the highest score of poisoning severity. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a definite reforming effect on the pattern of intoxication by drugs of abuse in NECTR, Egypt.
{"title":"The Impact of COVID-19 on Intoxication Pattern by Drugs of Abuse in Egypt","authors":"H. Aboubakr, Nadia Abd El Monem Kotb, F. Shaban, Hanaa Mohamed Samir Elattar, E. Shalaby","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i1.39497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i1.39497","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drug abuse is considered a global and growing problem worldwide. Emergency medical care is required for acute intoxication, which adds to the threat of COVID-19. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the pattern of acute toxicity in drug abuse patients admitted to National Environmental and Clinical Toxicology and Research Center (NECTR), Cairo University. Methods: This comparative study included 978 cases admitted to NECTR during 12 months before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018-2019) and 12 months during the pandemic (2020-2021). Results: The number of cases during the pandemic was lower than before; adults and men predominate in both periods. During the pandemic, cannabis, heroin, opium, and alcohol showed a mild increase, while the new synthetic drugs, tramadol, and pregabalin, showed a mild decrease. A significant increase in discharges and a decrease in intensive care unit (ICU) admissions were observed during the pandemic. Besides, more oxygen (O2) therapy was required, and more cases died on mechanical ventilation. The worst outcome was associated with old age, male gender, heroin and opium toxicity, and the highest score of poisoning severity. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a definite reforming effect on the pattern of intoxication by drugs of abuse in NECTR, Egypt.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46796590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i1.39298
Foroozan Faress, M. Ameri, Marzieh Mojbafan, M. Aminifard, S. Marashi
Background: In forensic medicine, predicting the age of a victim or suspect can be a clue to solving a crime. Epigenetics has recently played a vital role in age prediction in forensic medicine. Cytosine methylation at cytosine and guanine separated by phosphate (CpG) sites is well recognized as a novel epigenetic marker for age estimation. This study aimed to summarize the information obtained from previous studies to determine age by evaluating DNA methylation in the ELOVL2 gene. Methods: In this systematic review, all related articles published between 2012 and 2022 were extracted by searching reputable scientific databases, such as ISI Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus. After selecting the appropriate articles, the full text of the articles was prepared and fully evaluated by the researchers. The protocol of this study was carried out based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results: Out of 307 articles, 5 articles were eligible for review according to the study protocol. The strongest correlation between DNA methylation and age was observed at sites 11044644 and 11044634 on chromosome 6 in the living cases. The relationship between the chronological age and the age calculated through DNA methylation was above 90% with an approximate error ranging from 7.5 to 10.4. However, the relationship between the chronological age and the age calculated through DNA methylation was above 90% in the multivariate analysis of sites 11044624 and 11044634 on chromosome 6. In this case, the calculation error reached approximately 6.9 years. Hence, considering a combination of multiple cytosine and guanine separated by phosphate (CpG) sites improves the calculation accuracy and reduces the error percentage. The relationships between DNA methylation and the age at sites 11044880 and 11044640 on chromosome 6 were significantly less reported in the blood samples taken from the dead and in those taken from the living (nearly 64%–78.5%). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that DNA methylation in the ELOVL2 gene could help predict a person’s biological age.
背景:在法医学中，预测受害者或嫌疑人的年龄可能是破案的线索。近年来，表观遗传学在法医学的年龄预测中发挥了至关重要的作用。胞嘧啶和鸟嘌呤被磷酸(CpG)位点分离的甲基化被认为是一种新的年龄估计表观遗传标记。本研究旨在总结从以往研究中获得的信息，通过评估ELOVL2基因的DNA甲基化来确定年龄。方法:检索ISI Web of Science、Science Direct、PubMed、Scopus等知名科学数据库，提取2012 - 2022年间发表的所有相关文章。在选择合适的文章后，由研究人员准备文章全文并进行充分评估。本研究的方案是根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目(PRISMA)声明进行的。结果:在307篇文章中，5篇文章符合研究方案。DNA甲基化与年龄的相关性最强的位点是6号染色体11044644和11044634位点。实足年龄和通过DNA甲基化计算的年龄之间的关系在90%以上，近似误差在7.5到10.4之间。然而，在6号染色体11044624和11044634位点的多变量分析中，实足年龄与通过DNA甲基化计算的年龄之间的关系在90%以上。在这种情况下，计算误差达到了大约6.9年。因此，考虑由磷酸(CpG)位点分离的多个胞嘧啶和鸟嘌呤的组合可以提高计算精度，降低错误率。6号染色体上11044880和11044640位点的DNA甲基化与年龄之间的关系在死者和生者的血液样本中明显较少(近64%-78.5%)。结论:这项研究的结果表明，ELOVL2基因的DNA甲基化可以帮助预测一个人的生物年龄。
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