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First Identification of Bone Whistle-Use in Dynastic Egypt 首次鉴定埃及王朝使用骨哨
IF 1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/oa.70026
Michelle C. Langley, Anna Stevens, Christopher Stimpson

Despite over 200 years of intensive academic interest in Pharaonic Egypt, little focus has been given to understanding the production, use, and diversity of the osseous material culture created by this enigmatic culture. Here, the authors present the identification of a bone whistle recovered from the Eighteenth Dynasty (late 14th century bc) city of Akhetaten (modern Amarna), Middle Egypt. Found at the Stone Village, a peripheral workers' settlement, this object fits with ideas that this community was heavily policed because of their proximity to the royal cemetery and likely connection to work on the royal tombs. Significantly, this object is the first of its kind identified in a dynastic context and demonstrates the potential insights that wait to be gained from intensive examination of Egypt's osseous technologies.

尽管200多年来学术界对法老时代的埃及有着浓厚的兴趣,但很少有人关注这一神秘文化所创造的骨骼物质文化的生产、使用和多样性。在这里,作者展示了从中埃及第十八王朝(公元前14世纪晚期)城市阿赫塔顿(现代阿玛纳)发现的骨哨的鉴定。发现于石村,这是一个外围的工人定居点,这个物品符合这个社区被严格监管的想法,因为他们靠近皇家墓地,可能与皇家坟墓的工作有关。值得注意的是,这是第一个在王朝背景下发现的同类物品,并展示了潜在的见解,等待从对埃及骨骼技术的深入研究中获得。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Possibility of Successive Breeding of Chickens in the Yayoi Culture, Japan 探索日本弥生文化中鸡的连续繁殖的可能性
IF 1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/oa.70027
Masaki Eda, Hiroe Izumi, Yuji Matsumi

Chickens are domestic animals whose main ancestor is the red junglefowl (Gallus gallus), and their natural habitat is Southeast Asia and Southern China. Domestic chickens were brought to the Japanese archipelago by the middle of the Yayoi period (4th–3rd bce). Research on chicken sexual dimorphism shows that Yayoi-era (10th bce–3rd ce) birds were mostly male, hindering widespread breeding across Japan. In the 2011 research area at the Karakami site in Iki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, 18 Phasianidae bones were identified in a large ditch estimated to have been buried in the late Yayoi period. Although the tarsometatarsus and tibiotarsus were found to belong to chickens based on their morphological characteristics, it was impossible to determine whether the other bones, including the four juvenile bones, were derived from chickens. In our previous study, we established a method to distinguish between the bones of Japanese wild pheasants and chickens by using collagen peptide fingerprinting (ZooMS). In this study, we conducted ZooMS species identification of zooarchaeological bird remains and determined the sex of chicken remains in Karakami. We found six mature Phasianidae remains belonging to chickens, five of which were assumed to be males based on their sexual dimorphism. However, all five immature bird bones, including the three previously identified Phasianidae bones, were not derived from either chickens or Galliformes. These results do not support successful breeding of chickens at the Karakami site. Chickens were thought to have been brought to the Japanese archipelago from the Korean Peninsula through Iki Island. Further studies must determine when chickens were introduced to Iki Island and whether they included both males and females during their earliest introduction to Iki Island and the Japanese archipelago.

鸡是一种家畜,其主要祖先是红丛林鸮(Gallus Gallus),它们的自然栖息地是东南亚和中国南部。家鸡在弥生时代中期(公元前4 - 3年)被带到日本群岛。对鸡性别二态性的研究表明,弥生时代(公元前10年至公元3年)的鸡大多是雄性,阻碍了日本各地的广泛繁殖。2011年,在长崎县Iki市Karakami遗址的研究区域,在一条估计是弥生时代晚期埋葬的大沟中发现了18具Phasianidae骨骼。虽然根据其形态特征发现跗跖骨和胫跖骨属于鸡,但无法确定包括4块幼骨在内的其他骨骼是否来自鸡。在我们之前的研究中,我们建立了一种利用胶原肽指纹图谱(ZooMS)来区分日本野鸡和鸡的骨头的方法。在本研究中,我们对卡拉卡米动物考古鸟类遗骸进行了ZooMS物种鉴定,并确定了鸡遗骸的性别。我们发现了6具成熟的鸡类化石,其中5具根据其性别二态性推测为雄性。然而,所有五个未成熟的鸟类骨头,包括三个先前确定的鸡科骨头,都不是来自鸡或鸡形目。这些结果不支持在Karakami地点成功繁殖鸡。鸡被认为是从朝鲜半岛通过伊木岛带到日本群岛的。进一步的研究必须确定鸡是什么时候被引入易木岛的,以及在最早被引入易木岛和日本群岛时,它们是否包括雄性和雌性。
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引用次数: 0
Anthropological, Pathological, and Historical Analyses of a Mummified Cranium From Bolivia Hosted in the Museum of Cantonal Archaeology and History of Lausanne, Switzerland 来自玻利维亚的木乃伊头盖骨的人类学、病理学和历史分析,瑞士洛桑州考古和历史博物馆
IF 1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1002/oa.70022
Abegg Claudine, Kammermann Sabine, Magnin Virginie, Brizon Claire

The past decade has seen a worldwide tendency to re-examine human remains found in old museum collections. These studies look at the provenance of the remains, the way they ended up in specific collections, the context from which they are likely issued, and all the parameters implicated in their current presence in museum custody. Whenever human remains are involved, to obtain a full picture of the life history of the individuals under consideration, an anthropological study might be mandated, although this approach is not yet systematic.

This was the case for individual I Y-001 from the Museum of Cantonal Archaeology and History of Lausanne, Switzerland. During the provenance analyses conducted, this individual, represented by a naturally mummified cranium and neck, underwent a taphonomical and anthropological assessment, supported by a CT scan. Our findings show that I Y-001, an adult man, underwent an attempted trepanation before his death. He suffered from an abscess in his maxilla, and his remains were naturally mummified due to exposure to a dry and cold climate.

These findings are in line with the alleged origin of the remains, which were reportedly taken from an archaeological ruin by a Swiss entrepreneur, Louis Kuffré (1840–1912), in the late 1800s –early 1900s, in present-day Bolivia. At the time, sending human remains back to European museums was common practice, as attested by written exchanges between collectors and anthropologists.

By investigating the collection's archives, through anthropological and historical analysis, and reconstituting both the biography of the collector and the life history of individual I Y-001, we are able to contextualize the remains, give them back their rightful history, and envisage their future preservation with a sound understanding of the known and unknowns of them.

在过去的十年里,全世界都有重新检查旧博物馆藏品中发现的人类遗骸的趋势。这些研究着眼于这些遗骸的来源,它们最终进入特定收藏的方式,它们可能来自的背景,以及它们目前在博物馆保管中所涉及的所有参数。每当涉及到人类遗骸时,为了全面了解所考虑的个人的生活史,可能会要求进行人类学研究,尽管这种方法还不是系统的。这就是来自瑞士洛桑州考古和历史博物馆的个体I Y-001的情况。在进行来源分析的过程中,以自然木乃伊化的头盖骨和颈部为代表的这个人进行了地貌学和人类学评估,并进行了CT扫描。我们的研究结果表明,I Y-001,一名成年男子,在他死前曾尝试过钻孔。他的上颌骨有一个脓肿,由于暴露在干燥寒冷的气候中,他的遗体自然地变成了木乃伊。这些发现与所谓的遗骸来源一致,据报道,这些遗骸是由瑞士企业家Louis kuffr(1840-1912)在19世纪末至20世纪初在今天的玻利维亚从考古废墟中取出的。当时,将人类遗骸送回欧洲博物馆是一种常见的做法,收藏家和人类学家之间的书面交流证明了这一点。通过调查这些藏品的档案,通过人类学和历史分析,并重建收藏家的传记和个人I Y-001的生活史,我们能够将这些遗骸置于背景中,赋予它们应有的历史,并通过对已知和未知的充分理解来设想它们未来的保存。
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引用次数: 0
Comparing Dental Microwear in the Populations at an Iron Age (c. 4010 BP) and Early Historic (c. 2600 BP) Site in South India 比较印度南部铁器时代(距今约4010年前)和早期历史遗址(距今约2600年前)人群的牙齿微磨损
IF 1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1002/oa.70030
Ruokuonuo Rose Yhome, K. Rajan, R. Sivanantham, M. Ramesh, R. Ajaykumar, R. Kaviya, M. Suresh, T. Arun Raj, V. P. Yathees Kumar, Peter S. Ungar

Dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) has proven to be a valuable tool for separating bioarchaeological samples by subsistence practice, preferred diet, food-processing technology, and cooking method. In this study, we compared samples of individuals from two South Indian sites—an Iron Age site (Adichchanallur, ~4010 BP, n = 27) and an Early Historical site (Keeladi, ~2600 BP, n = 31). Both samples represent farming communities that likely had broadly similar diets dominated by cultivated rice and mung beans, wild nuts and pulses, and both domesticated cattle and wild game. Moreover, the archaeological evidence indicates that both communities used mortar and pestle for food preparation and employed similar cooking technologies, as inferred from the shapes of pots found at the sites. Furthermore, the two populations exhibited cultural continuity and lived in similar ecozones. However, the earlier Adichchanallur settlement represented a town with rural features, while the later Keeladi site was more of an urban population center. We hypothesized that samples from the earlier rural population would have more complex microwear textures than the samples from a predominantly later urban population given that today urban communities in India tend to consume softer, more processed foodstuffs than rural populations, which often eat coarser, less processed food items. High-resolution molar replicas were prepared and analyzed by DMTA. Results indicate that, contrary to expectation, individuals from the later, more urban site had significantly higher texture complexity values than did those from the earlier, more rural one. This finding confirms results of previous studies indicating that microwear signatures can distinguish bioarchaeological samples but also shows that the implications of observed differences for past lifeways can be difficult to interpret.

牙齿微磨损结构分析(DMTA)已被证明是一种有价值的分离生物考古样品的工具,通过生存实践,首选饮食,食品加工技术和烹饪方法。在这项研究中,我们比较了两个南印度遗址的个体样本——一个铁器时代遗址(Adichchanallur, ~4010 BP, n = 27)和一个早期历史遗址(Keeladi, ~2600 BP, n = 31)。这两个样本都代表了农业社区,他们的饮食可能大致相似,主要是种植水稻和绿豆,野生坚果和豆类,以及驯养的牛和野生动物。此外,考古证据表明,这两个社区都使用臼和杵来准备食物,并采用类似的烹饪技术,这可以从遗址中发现的锅的形状推断出来。此外,这两个种群表现出文化连续性,生活在相似的生态区。然而,早期的Adichchanallur定居点代表了一个具有农村特色的城镇,而后来的Keeladi遗址更像是一个城市人口中心。我们假设,来自早期农村人口的样本比来自主要是后期城市人口的样本具有更复杂的微磨损纹理,因为今天印度的城市社区往往比农村人口消费更软、加工程度更高的食品,而农村人口通常吃更粗糙、加工程度更低的食品。制备高分辨率的磨牙复制品并进行DMTA分析。结果表明,与预期相反,来自较晚、较城市化的地点的个体的纹理复杂性值显著高于来自较早、较农村的地点的个体。这一发现证实了先前的研究结果,表明微磨损特征可以区分生物考古样本,但也表明观察到的差异对过去生活方式的影响可能很难解释。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Soft Tissues in Burnt Human Skeletal Remains 烧伤人体骨骼残骸中软组织的作用
IF 1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1002/oa.70024
David Gonçalves

This review investigates the potential impact of soft tissues in heat-induced bone changes. This is relevant to assess the adequacy of heat exposure experiments carried out on bones, an increasingly popular approach. Concerns exist that experiments on dry bones might not accurately represent human remains from archaeological cremation. Therefore, a literature review of data obtained from burnt dry and fresh bones was carried out to identify potential differences in the manifestation of heat-induced changes according to the pre-burning condition. The literature suggests that while soft tissues can affect the timing of heat exposure, they do not fundamentally alter the bone response to heat. Warping and thumbnail fractures occur more often in bones with soft tissues but are likely related to collagen content. Color variations are more likely due to soil staining rather than the presence of soft tissues. Shrinkage is primarily due to organics and water losses and bone structural changes, while soft tissues seem to play no role in it. Mass loss may seem greater in fresh bones, but this is most probably due to prior mass loss experienced by previously inhumed dry bones. At the microstructural level, soft tissues also offer a temporary protective effect, but the bone normal response to heat seems to be resumed after that effect ends. The molecular and crystal structure, as well as the elemental composition, do not seem notably changed by the pre-burning condition of bones. In summary, soft tissues mainly delay heat-induced changes and do not appear to cause different bone responses. Both dry and fresh bones seem to be viable choices to experimentally study burnt skeletal remains.

本文综述了软组织在热致骨变化中的潜在影响。这与评估在骨骼上进行的热暴露实验的充分性有关,这是一种日益流行的方法。有人担心,对干骨的实验可能不能准确地代表考古火化后的人类遗骸。因此,我们对干骨和鲜骨燃烧后的数据进行了文献综述,以确定不同预燃烧条件下热致变化表现的潜在差异。文献表明,虽然软组织可以影响热暴露的时间,但它们不会从根本上改变骨骼对热的反应。翘曲和拇指骨折更常发生在有软组织的骨骼中,但可能与胶原蛋白含量有关。颜色变化更可能是由于土壤染色而不是软组织的存在。收缩主要是由于有机物和水分的流失以及骨骼结构的变化,而软组织似乎在其中没有任何作用。新鲜骨头的质量损失似乎更大,但这很可能是由于先前挖入的干骨头所经历的质量损失。在微观结构水平上,软组织也提供了暂时的保护作用,但骨对热的正常反应似乎在这种作用结束后才恢复。其分子和晶体结构,以及元素组成,似乎并没有因骨骼燃烧前的状态而显著改变。总之,软组织主要延缓热诱导的变化,似乎不会引起不同的骨反应。干骨和新鲜骨似乎都是实验研究烧焦骨骼遗骸的可行选择。
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引用次数: 0
Maya Sequential Burials and Subsistence Change at the Prehispanic Site of Caledonia, Cayo District, Belize: The Radiocarbon Evidence 伯利兹卡约地区喀里多尼亚前西班牙遗址的玛雅顺序埋葬和生存变化:放射性碳证据
IF 1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1002/oa.70033
Asta J. Rand, Jan Romaniszyn, Jaime J. Awe, Julie A. Hoggarth, Richard Madgwick

From the Late Preclassic to Terminal Classic periods (300 bce–900 ce), the Maya people at the site of Caledonia, Cayo District, Belize, interred their dead within site architecture. Four burials containing the remains of at least 21 individuals were uncovered during excavations and were relatively dated using typologies developed from the ceramics recovered from the burial contexts. The single older adult female who may have been bundled in Burial 5 was dated to the Late Preclassic (250 bce–250 ce) and was determined to be the oldest at the site. Burial 1 contained the remains of eight adults and one child interred from the Early Classic to the beginning of the Late Classic periods (450–650 ce) and is thought to be a sequentially used family tomb. Burials 3 and 4 were both buried during the Late Classic (600–900 ce), although the latter appears to be a sequentially used family tomb like Burial 1 and the former appears to be a nonfunerary ceremonial context possibly containing the remains of bundled or secondary burials. New radiocarbon dates presented here confirm the relative chronology developed for Caledonia and reveal that Burials 1 and 4 were indeed sequentially used over several centuries. When combined with existing stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope data, the radiocarbon dating also reveals a general decreased reliance on maize-based protein from the limestone-rich Vaca Plateau over time, which may be linked with climate trends and sociopolitical reorganization at the site.

从前古典晚期到古典末期(公元前300年-公元前900年),玛雅人在伯利兹卡约地区喀里多尼亚遗址将他们的死者埋葬在遗址建筑中。在挖掘过程中发现了四个包含至少21个人遗骸的墓葬,并通过从墓葬环境中回收的陶瓷发展出来的类型学来确定相对的年代。5号墓葬中被捆绑在一起的单身成年女性可以追溯到前古典晚期(公元前250年-公元前250年),并被确定为该遗址中年龄最大的。1号墓葬中有8具成人和1具儿童的遗骸,埋葬时间从早期古典时期到晚期古典时期(公元前450-650年),被认为是一个连续使用的家庭坟墓。墓葬3和4都是在古典晚期(公元600-900年)埋葬的,尽管后者似乎是一个像墓葬1一样连续使用的家庭墓葬,而前者似乎是一个非丧葬仪式的背景,可能包含捆绑或二次埋葬的遗骸。这里提出的新的放射性碳测年法证实了加里多尼亚的相对年代学,并揭示了1号和4号墓葬确实是在几个世纪内依次使用的。结合现有的稳定碳、氮和硫同位素数据,放射性碳定年还显示,随着时间的推移,对富含石灰岩的Vaca高原玉米基蛋白质的依赖普遍减少,这可能与该地区的气候趋势和社会政治重组有关。
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引用次数: 0
A Possible Case of β-Thalassemia From the Cemetery of Santa Maria Maggiore in Vercelli (Piedmont, Northern Italy,18th Century) 18世纪意大利北部皮埃蒙特Vercelli Santa Maria Maggiore墓地一例可能的β-地中海贫血病例
IF 1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1002/oa.70031
R. Fusco, C. Tesi, A. Mazzucchi, A. Vanni, M. Licata

In Italy's Piedmont region, the city of Vercelli has a history of malaria transmission due to favorable conditions for Anopheles mosquitoes, which may have influenced the genetic prevalence of thalassemia. This study investigates the skeletal remains of a nonadult individual from the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore in Vercelli, dating to the 18th century, and suggests possible pathological changes indicative of β-thalassemia. The skeletal analysis reveals extensive pitting, marrow hyperplasia, cortical thinning, scalloped epiphyses, and a distinctive “rib-within-a-rib” radiological appearance, which could be consistent with β-thalassemia major and intermedia. While thalassemia is currently prevalent in Piedmont, no prior paleopathological evidence of the condition has been reported. This study highlights the diagnostic challenges in identifying β-thalassemia in ancient populations due to similarities with other anemias and the absence of ancient DNA. The importance of combining skeletal analysis with historical and environmental contexts is emphasized to improve diagnostic accuracy. This research provides new insights into the historical presence of β-thalassemia in Vercelli and underscores the potential influence of environmental factors and genetic disorders.

在意大利的皮埃蒙特地区,维切利市有疟疾传播的历史,因为它为按蚊提供了有利的条件,这可能影响了地中海贫血的遗传流行。这项研究调查了一具来自维切利圣玛丽亚马吉奥教堂的非成年个体的骨骼遗骸,其历史可追溯至18世纪,并提出了β-地中海贫血可能的病理变化。骨骼分析显示广泛的凹陷,骨髓增生,皮质变薄,骨骺呈扇形,放射学表现为独特的“肋中肋”,可能与重度和中度β-地中海贫血相一致。虽然地中海贫血目前在皮埃蒙特普遍存在,但此前没有关于该病症的古病理学证据的报道。这项研究强调了在古代人群中识别β-地中海贫血的诊断挑战,因为它与其他贫血有相似之处,而且缺乏古代DNA。结合骨骼分析与历史和环境背景的重要性强调,以提高诊断的准确性。这项研究为研究β-地中海贫血在Vercelli的历史存在提供了新的见解,并强调了环境因素和遗传疾病的潜在影响。
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引用次数: 0
Dietary Tendencies Between Social and Religious Groups in Vilnius During the 13th–18th Centuries 13 - 18世纪维尔纽斯社会和宗教团体之间的饮食趋势
IF 1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1002/oa.70028
Rūta Brindzaitė, Giedrė Motuzaitė Matuzevičiūtė, Rytis Jonaitis, Irma Kaplūnaitė, Agnieška Rudinska, Audronė Jakaitienė, Rimantas Jankauskas

This study examined the dietary tendencies of individuals from Vilnius, Lithuania, between the 13th and 18th centuries using stable isotope analysis of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N). Combining newly obtained stable isotope data with previously published data, 238 bulk collagen samples were analyzed, representing individuals from diverse socioeconomic and religious backgrounds. Statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA and univariate linear regression models, were applied to assess diachronic trends and dietary differences among social and religious groups. The results indicated a significant increase in δ15N values over time, suggesting a shift in dietary practices possibly influenced by economic, environmental, and cultural factors. This pattern likely reflected greater reliance on higher-trophic-level protein foods, such as freshwater fish or terrestrial animal products, along with likely manured crops. Additionally, differences among individuals of varying socioeconomic status suggested disparities in food access, with higher-status individuals exhibiting increased δ15N values indicative of a protein-rich diet. In contrast, lower-status individuals may have consumed more plant-based or lower-trophic-level foods. Dietary choices may have also been influenced by confession, as Protestants, Catholics, and Orthodox Christians exhibited distinct isotopic signatures, likely reflecting fasting traditions and dietary restrictions. These findings provide a better understanding of dietary variation in historical Vilnius, demonstrating how social, economic, and religious differences were reflected in the diet. By linking stable isotope data with historical and archaeological contexts, this study contributed to the growing research on past dietary practices in Late Medieval and Early Modern urban contexts.

本研究利用碳(δ13C)和氮(δ15N)稳定同位素分析,研究了13至18世纪立陶宛维尔纽斯个体的饮食倾向。将新获得的稳定同位素数据与先前发表的数据相结合,分析了238个胶原蛋白样品,代表了来自不同社会经济和宗教背景的个体。统计分析,包括单因素方差分析和单变量线性回归模型,用于评估社会和宗教群体的历时趋势和饮食差异。结果表明,随着时间的推移,δ15N值显著增加,表明饮食习惯的转变可能受到经济、环境和文化因素的影响。这种模式可能反映了对高营养水平蛋白质食物的更大依赖,如淡水鱼或陆生动物产品,以及可能施用肥料的作物。此外,不同社会经济地位的个体之间的差异表明在食物获取方面存在差异,社会地位越高的个体表现出较高的δ15N值,这表明他们的饮食富含蛋白质。相比之下,地位较低的人可能会食用更多的植物性或低营养水平的食物。饮食选择也可能受到忏悔的影响,因为新教徒、天主教徒和东正教徒表现出不同的同位素特征,可能反映了禁食传统和饮食限制。这些发现有助于更好地了解维尔纽斯历史上的饮食变化,展示了社会、经济和宗教差异如何反映在饮食中。通过将稳定同位素数据与历史和考古背景联系起来,本研究有助于对中世纪晚期和现代早期城市背景下过去饮食习惯的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Domestic Cattle (Bos taurus) Late Neolithic Burial at Krzczonowice, the Greater Trochanter of Femur Lesion 家养牛(Bos taurus)新石器时代晚期在Krzczonowice的埋葬,股骨大转子病变
IF 1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1002/oa.70025
Dominik Poradowski, Artur Jedynak, Dominika Kubiak-Nowak, Wojciech Borawski, Kamilla Pawłowska, Katarzyna Kaleta-Kuratewicz, Joanna Wolińska, Vedat Onar, Aleksander Chrószcz

A domestic cattle skeleton was found in a pit at the archeological site Krzczonowice 63 (Sandomierz Upland, Poland) and was interpreted as sacrificial in nature on the basis of the archeological context. It was dated to the Late Neolithic period (Globular Amphora Culture). The right femur displays pathological lesions in the form of loss of the apical part of the greater trochanter. These were subjected to macroscopic examination, computed tomography imaging, histological analysis, and differential diagnosis. The computed tomography revealed the presence of a well-defined irregular area of hyperdensity within the medullary cavity of the femoral neck. Histological analysis of the bone tissue surrounding the lesion showed a well-mineralized extracellular matrix with changes in the lamellae of the compact bone and cortical bone thinning, and also showed there to be a lack of organized structure of the osteons. The structure of the bone was more comparable to the woven-like bone tissue matrix. Our conclusion is that the lesion seems to be the result of a lytic process of the bone tissue, most likely a cattle bone lesion caused by an infection. The location, possible pathogenesis, anatomy, and CT image make traumatic lesions, osteomyelitis, osteitis, and bone neoplasma all less plausible.

在考古遗址Krzczonowice 63(波兰桑多梅日高地)的一个坑中发现了一具家畜骨架,根据考古背景,这具骨架被解释为祭祀性质。它可以追溯到新石器时代晚期(球形双耳罐文化)。右侧股骨显示病理性病变,表现为大转子顶端部分的缺失。这些患者接受了宏观检查、计算机断层成像、组织学分析和鉴别诊断。计算机断层扫描显示股骨颈髓腔内存在一个明确的不规则高密度区。病变周围骨组织的组织学分析显示矿化良好的细胞外基质,致密骨的片层改变,皮质骨变薄,也显示骨缺乏组织结构。骨的结构更类似于编织样骨组织基质。我们的结论是,病变似乎是骨组织溶解过程的结果,最有可能是由感染引起的牛骨病变。其位置、可能的发病机制、解剖结构和CT图像使得创伤性病变、骨髓炎、骨炎和骨肿瘤都不太可信。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Age and Biometric Parameters on Metapodial Bone Measurements of the Desert Sheep Breed “Sidahou” (Ovis aries L., 1758): A New Baseline for Zooarchaeological Research and Historical Livestock Management in Central and North Africa 年龄和生物特征参数对沙漠羊品种“Sidahou”(Ovis aries L., 1758)跖骨测量的影响:中非和北非动物考古研究和历史牲畜管理的新基线
IF 1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1002/oa.70019
Ami Kenza, Bennoune Omar, Khammar Hichem, Chaffai Amin, Benacherine Mostefa, Abdassamed Amina

As part of archaeozoological research aimed at refining the interpretation of skeletal remains, this study presents an initial osteomorphometric approach to the Sidahou sheep breed, native to the Central and Northern African desert. A total of 60 right metapodial bones (30 metacarpals and 30 metatarsals) from female sheep raised in Mali and slaughtered in Algeria (Tamanrasset region) were analyzed. Seven linear measurements were taken from each bone, allowing the calculation of three gracility indices. The results show no significant differences between young adults (12–24 months) and individuals over 30 months (p > 0.05), suggesting early maturation in Sidahou females. These females reach their adult form at 2 years of age, after which the epiphyses of the cannon bones fuse, marking the end of growth. The morphometric analysis also reveals marked gracility (d/GL indices between 7% and 8%) and unusual elongation of the bones (GL ≈ 158.9 mm for the metacarpals and 169.4 mm for the metatarsals). The metapodial morphology of the Sidahou sheep closely resembles that of ancient forms, minimally affected by artificial selection, making it a relevant reference model for comparisons with archaeological sheep populations. Finally, regression equations were developed to estimate the withers height (e.g., HG = 3.22251 + 0.47941 × GL), thereby enriching the tools for archaeozoological analysis.

作为考古学研究的一部分,旨在完善对骨骼遗骸的解释,本研究提出了一种最初的骨形态测量方法,用于原产于中非和北非沙漠的Sidahou羊品种。对马里饲养和阿尔及利亚(塔曼拉塞特地区)屠宰的母羊共60块右跖骨(30块掌骨和30块跖骨)进行了分析。对每根骨头进行了7次线性测量,从而计算出3个坡度指数。结果显示,12-24月龄的青壮年与30月龄以上的青壮年之间差异不显著(p > 0.05),说明西达侯雌成虫早熟。这些雌性在2岁时达到成年形态,之后炮骨的骨骺融合,标志着生长的结束。形态计量学分析还显示了明显的倾斜(d/GL指数在7% ~ 8%之间)和异常的骨伸长(掌骨GL≈158.9 mm,跖骨GL≈169.4 mm)。西达侯羊的后跖骨形态与古代形态非常相似,受人工选择的影响最小,可作为与考古绵羊种群比较的相关参考模型。最后,通过建立回归方程来估算其高度(如HG = 3.22251 + 0.47941 × GL),从而丰富了考古分析的工具。
{"title":"The Impact of Age and Biometric Parameters on Metapodial Bone Measurements of the Desert Sheep Breed “Sidahou” (Ovis aries L., 1758): A New Baseline for Zooarchaeological Research and Historical Livestock Management in Central and North Africa","authors":"Ami Kenza,&nbsp;Bennoune Omar,&nbsp;Khammar Hichem,&nbsp;Chaffai Amin,&nbsp;Benacherine Mostefa,&nbsp;Abdassamed Amina","doi":"10.1002/oa.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As part of archaeozoological research aimed at refining the interpretation of skeletal remains, this study presents an initial osteomorphometric approach to the Sidahou sheep breed, native to the Central and Northern African desert. A total of 60 right metapodial bones (30 metacarpals and 30 metatarsals) from female sheep raised in Mali and slaughtered in Algeria (Tamanrasset region) were analyzed. Seven linear measurements were taken from each bone, allowing the calculation of three gracility indices. The results show no significant differences between young adults (12–24 months) and individuals over 30 months (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05), suggesting early maturation in Sidahou females. These females reach their adult form at 2 years of age, after which the epiphyses of the cannon bones fuse, marking the end of growth. The morphometric analysis also reveals marked gracility (d/GL indices between 7% and 8%) and unusual elongation of the bones (GL ≈ 158.9 mm for the metacarpals and 169.4 mm for the metatarsals). The metapodial morphology of the Sidahou sheep closely resembles that of ancient forms, minimally affected by artificial selection, making it a relevant reference model for comparisons with archaeological sheep populations. Finally, regression equations were developed to estimate the withers height (e.g., HG = 3.22251 + 0.47941 × GL), thereby enriching the tools for archaeozoological analysis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 5","pages":"295-305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145327808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Osteoarchaeology
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