首页 > 最新文献

International Journal of Osteoarchaeology最新文献

英文 中文
Cremation during the early period (1000 bc–600 ad) in the archaeological site of Matecaña (Pereira, Colombia) 马特卡尼亚考古遗址(哥伦比亚佩雷拉)早期(公元前 1000 年至公元 600 年)的火葬情况
IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1002/oa.3332
Ana María Rincón-Jaramillo, Juliana Gómez-Mejía

Cremation was a common behavior during the Early period in the Middle Cauca region of Colombia. Nevertheless, few bioarchaeological analyses have focused on understanding this phenomenon. Four funerary urns from the archaeological site Matecaña (Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia) were analyzed to understand the cremation mortuary practice during the Early period (1000 bc–600 ad). For this, the cremains went through an anatomical classification that led to establishing the minimal number of individuals with the landmark system, as well as reconstructing their biological profile and interpreting the macroscopic changes made by heat exposure, such as colorimetry, the degree of cremation, the presence of heat-induced changes, and the temperature that the incineration reached. The results indicated that the funerary cycle had three processes divided into 11 steps. During the first process, an individual's biological death led to rituals and a temporary deposition. After the skeletonization of the corpse, the second process was the cremation itself. The combustion of at least 28 individuals of different ages (fetuses, infants, and adults) was intense (400°C to over 600°C) and finalized in the third process with their burial in funerary urns. This funerary behavior reflects the long-term relationship between the living and the dead.

火葬是哥伦比亚中考卡地区早期的一种常见行为。然而,很少有生物考古学分析侧重于了解这一现象。为了了解早期时期(公元前 1000 年至公元 600 年)的火葬习俗,我们对来自考古遗址 Matecaña(哥伦比亚里萨拉尔达佩雷拉)的四个骨灰瓮进行了分析。为此,对骨灰进行了解剖学分类,从而确定了具有地标系统的最小个体数量,并重建了骨灰的生物特征,解读了热曝晒造成的宏观变化,如比色法、火化程度、是否存在热引起的变化以及焚化达到的温度。结果表明,殡葬周期有三个过程,分为 11 个步骤。在第一个过程中,一个人的生理死亡导致了仪式和暂时的沉积。在尸体骨骼化之后,第二个过程就是火化本身。至少有 28 个不同年龄的个体(胎儿、婴儿和成人)在火化过程中受到猛烈焚烧(400°C 至 600°C以上),最后在第三个过程中被埋入陪葬瓮中。这种殡葬行为反映了生者与死者之间的长期关系。
{"title":"Cremation during the early period (1000 bc–600 ad) in the archaeological site of Matecaña (Pereira, Colombia)","authors":"Ana María Rincón-Jaramillo,&nbsp;Juliana Gómez-Mejía","doi":"10.1002/oa.3332","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oa.3332","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cremation was a common behavior during the Early period in the Middle Cauca region of Colombia. Nevertheless, few bioarchaeological analyses have focused on understanding this phenomenon. Four funerary urns from the archaeological site Matecaña (Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia) were analyzed to understand the cremation mortuary practice during the Early period (1000 <span>bc</span>–600 <span>ad</span>). For this, the cremains went through an anatomical classification that led to establishing the minimal number of individuals with the landmark system, as well as reconstructing their biological profile and interpreting the macroscopic changes made by heat exposure, such as colorimetry, the degree of cremation, the presence of heat-induced changes, and the temperature that the incineration reached. The results indicated that the funerary cycle had three processes divided into 11 steps. During the first process, an individual's biological death led to rituals and a temporary deposition. After the skeletonization of the corpse, the second process was the cremation itself. The combustion of at least 28 individuals of different ages (fetuses, infants, and adults) was intense (400°C to over 600°C) and finalized in the third process with their burial in funerary urns. This funerary behavior reflects the long-term relationship between the living and the dead.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"34 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141797744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Archaeology and ethnobiology of Late Holocene bird remains from the northern Oregon coast 俄勒冈州北部海岸全新世晚期鸟类遗骸的考古学和人种生物学
IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1002/oa.3330
Hannah P. Wellman, Megan D. Spitzer, Torben C. Rick

Archaeological bird remains from the Oregon coast provide important insight into local environments and the interactions between birds and people on the North American Pacific Coast. We contribute to this discussion with an analysis of bird remains from the Late Holocene Par-Tee site (35CLT20) in Seaside, Oregon. We sampled the Par-Tee avifaunal assemblage to near-redundancy, generating the largest sample from a single site on the Oregon Coast to date (N = 7204). The Par-Tee assemblage is dominated by nearshore or estuarine birds including scoters (Melanitta spp.) and Common Murres (Uria aalge), as well as pelagic Sooty Shearwaters (Ardenna grisea). Because of the large size of the sample, we identified unique species such as the California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus), which are currently endangered and face conservation challenges. Although the Par-Tee avifaunal assemblage is diverse, site residents appear to have focused on acquiring the most accessible species in the nearshore habitat complemented by opportunistic pelagic hunting and/or scavenging of beached birds. Most birds appear to have been processed for dietary consumption, with possible preferential use of larger-winged birds for tool manufacture. These findings underscore the value and challenges of using legacy collections for evaluating past human–environmental interactions in coastal and other aquatic regions.

俄勒冈海岸的考古鸟类遗骸为了解当地环境以及北美太平洋海岸鸟类与人类之间的互动提供了重要信息。我们对俄勒冈州海滨全新世晚期 Par-Tee 遗址(35CLT20)的鸟类遗骸进行了分析,为这一讨论做出了贡献。我们对 Par-Tee 鸟类遗存进行了采样,采样数量接近零,是迄今为止俄勒冈海岸单个遗址中最大的样本(N = 7204)。Par-Tee 的鸟类组合以近岸或河口鸟类为主,包括凫(Melanitta spp.由于样本量大,我们发现了一些独特的物种,如加利福尼亚秃鹰(Gymnogyps californianus),它们目前濒临灭绝,面临着保护方面的挑战。虽然 Par-Tee 鸟类的种类繁多,但遗址居民似乎侧重于获取近岸栖息地中最容易获取的物种,并伺机捕猎浮游鸟类和/或捡拾被搁浅的鸟类。大多数鸟类似乎都被加工成食物食用,较大翅膀的鸟类可能被优先用于制造工具。这些发现强调了在沿海和其它水生地区利用遗留采集物评估过去人类与环境相互作用的价值和挑战。
{"title":"Archaeology and ethnobiology of Late Holocene bird remains from the northern Oregon coast","authors":"Hannah P. Wellman,&nbsp;Megan D. Spitzer,&nbsp;Torben C. Rick","doi":"10.1002/oa.3330","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oa.3330","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Archaeological bird remains from the Oregon coast provide important insight into local environments and the interactions between birds and people on the North American Pacific Coast. We contribute to this discussion with an analysis of bird remains from the Late Holocene Par-Tee site (35CLT20) in Seaside, Oregon. We sampled the Par-Tee avifaunal assemblage to near-redundancy, generating the largest sample from a single site on the Oregon Coast to date (<i>N</i> = 7204). The Par-Tee assemblage is dominated by nearshore or estuarine birds including scoters (<i>Melanitta</i> spp.) and Common Murres (<i>Uria aalge</i>), as well as pelagic Sooty Shearwaters (<i>Ardenna grisea</i>). Because of the large size of the sample, we identified unique species such as the California Condor (<i>Gymnogyps californianus</i>), which are currently endangered and face conservation challenges. Although the Par-Tee avifaunal assemblage is diverse, site residents appear to have focused on acquiring the most accessible species in the nearshore habitat complemented by opportunistic pelagic hunting and/or scavenging of beached birds. Most birds appear to have been processed for dietary consumption, with possible preferential use of larger-winged birds for tool manufacture. These findings underscore the value and challenges of using legacy collections for evaluating past human–environmental interactions in coastal and other aquatic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"34 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Estimating intralimb proportions for commingled remains 估算混合遗骸的肢体内部比例
IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1002/oa.3326
Doudou Cao, Enrico R. Crema, Emma Pomeroy

Intralimb proportions provide insights into growth, development, populations history, and adaptation across human groups. However, the conventional approach of calculating brachial and crural indices for individual skeletons and comparing assemblages using sample means is not feasible in commingled remains. This study aims to assess the reliability of an “aggregate method” based on the ratio of sample means of limb bone lengths as an alternative to conventionally calculated indices. We examined the correlation between the aggregate and conventional indices using data from ≥124 worldwide groups (≥2000 adults). The impact of sample size, commingling degree, and within-group variation on the correspondence between conventional and aggregate indices was further evaluated using simulated datasets. Reliability was measured using the absolute differences between the aggregate and “true” population mean indices and the proportion of simulations producing large errors (>0.02, the average within-group variation among observed populations). Strong correlations are observed between the aggregate and conventional indices across groups in the empirical dataset. Simulation analyses indicates that larger samples improve prediction reliability, while increased commingling and within-group variation reduce accuracy. The aggregate method is robust when upper limb samples contain >30 bones (lower limb >50), with more than half of the bones representing proximal and distal elements from the same individuals, and the standard deviation in the index is smaller than 0.02. With sufficient sample sizes, the “aggregate method” is a reliable alternative for estimating average intralimb proportions in commingled and poorly preserved skeletal assemblages, enhancing the research potential of such collections.

肢体内部的比例有助于了解人类群体的生长、发育、种群历史和适应情况。然而,计算单个骸骨的肱骨和嵴椎指数并使用样本平均值对集合进行比较的传统方法在混合遗骸中并不可行。本研究旨在评估基于肢骨长度样本均值比的 "集合方法 "的可靠性,以替代传统的计算指数。我们利用全球范围内≥124个群体(≥2000名成年人)的数据,研究了总体指数与传统指数之间的相关性。我们使用模拟数据集进一步评估了样本大小、混合程度和组内差异对常规指数和综合指数之间对应关系的影响。使用综合指数和 "真实 "种群平均指数之间的绝对差值以及产生较大误差(>0.02,即观测种群的平均组内变异)的模拟比例来衡量可靠性。在经验数据集中,各组的总体指数和常规指数之间存在很强的相关性。模拟分析表明,样本越大,预测的可靠性越高,而混合和组内变异的增加则会降低预测的准确性。当上肢样本包含大于 30 块骨骼(下肢大于 50 块),且一半以上的骨骼代表来自同一个体的近端和远端元素,且指数的标准偏差小于 0.02 时,聚合方法是稳健的。在样本量足够大的情况下,"总量法 "是估算混杂和保存较差的骨骼集合体平均肢内比例的可靠替代方法,可提高此类集合体的研究潜力。
{"title":"Estimating intralimb proportions for commingled remains","authors":"Doudou Cao,&nbsp;Enrico R. Crema,&nbsp;Emma Pomeroy","doi":"10.1002/oa.3326","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oa.3326","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Intralimb proportions provide insights into growth, development, populations history, and adaptation across human groups. However, the conventional approach of calculating brachial and crural indices for individual skeletons and comparing assemblages using sample means is not feasible in commingled remains. This study aims to assess the reliability of an “aggregate method” based on the ratio of sample means of limb bone lengths as an alternative to conventionally calculated indices. We examined the correlation between the aggregate and conventional indices using data from ≥124 worldwide groups (≥2000 adults). The impact of sample size, commingling degree, and within-group variation on the correspondence between conventional and aggregate indices was further evaluated using simulated datasets. Reliability was measured using the absolute differences between the aggregate and “true” population mean indices and the proportion of simulations producing large errors (&gt;0.02, the average within-group variation among observed populations). Strong correlations are observed between the aggregate and conventional indices across groups in the empirical dataset. Simulation analyses indicates that larger samples improve prediction reliability, while increased commingling and within-group variation reduce accuracy. The aggregate method is robust when upper limb samples contain &gt;30 bones (lower limb &gt;50), with more than half of the bones representing proximal and distal elements from the same individuals, and the standard deviation in the index is smaller than 0.02. With sufficient sample sizes, the “aggregate method” is a reliable alternative for estimating average intralimb proportions in commingled and poorly preserved skeletal assemblages, enhancing the research potential of such collections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"34 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3326","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141837017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Osteoarchaeological identification guides: A new category of manuscript 骨考古鉴定指南:一类新的手稿
IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1002/oa.3329
Robin Bendrey, Piers D. Mitchell
<p>Osteoarchaeological research is underpinned by the development and adoption of robust and replicable methodologies (Driver, <span>1992</span>; LeFebvre & Sharpe, <span>2018</span>; Lyman, <span>2019</span>; Wolverton, <span>2013</span>). Zooarchaeological identification methodologies make use of physical modern reference collections, digital resources, and published criteria to aid species identification (Driver, <span>1992</span>). High-quality identification guides and keys are important in a number of ways. They can provide useful support for identification by comparison to physical comparative reference collections, often the gold-standard approach, in particular through the definition of validated criteria for the morphological identification of a taxon across wider sets of samples (Driver, <span>1992</span>). They also demonstrate the reliability of identified morphological criteria (e.g., Lister, <span>1996</span>) and can also extend the taxonomic range from what is represented in some individual reference collections (Davis et al., <span>2024</span>; Yeomans & Beech, <span>2021</span>). As such, high-quality illustrated guides can broaden the utility of some comparative collections, which due to resource limitations do not have sufficient intra-species variation (Driver, <span>1992</span>).</p><p>Osteoarchaeological research is undertaken in diverse settings, with differential access to resources and facilities. Some specialists may be working in the field without access to physical reference material or the possibility of transporting samples for follow-up study with reference to more comprehensive reference collections. Osteoarchaeologists are working in academic and nonacademic contexts, such as for universities, museums, and commercial archaeological companies and as independent or self-employed specialists (Baker & Worley, <span>2019</span>; LeFebvre & Sharpe, <span>2018</span>). High-quality illustrated guides and keys can play important roles in the different settings and stages of analysis, from preliminary sorting of remains to final analyses.</p><p>We are excited to announce a new category of manuscript in the journal: “Osteoarchaeological identification guides.” These are papers that will provide advances in diagnostic criteria for osteoarchaeological research, such as zooarchaeological species identification. They will offer major contributions to method and practice. This format offers greater capacity for visually illustrating criteria, which can also be further supported with downloadable supplementary materials.</p><p>This format is intended to be flexible and author-friendly, for example whether the study aims to provide comparative criteria for separating between two skeletally similar species (e.g., Lister, <span>1996</span>), the same element across multiple taxa (e.g., Bochenski et al., <span>2023</span>), or a more comprehensive photographic atlas approach (e.g., Davis et al., <span>2024</span>).
骨考古学研究的基础是开发和采用稳健且可复制的方法(Driver, 1992; LeFebvre & Sharpe, 2018; Lyman, 2019; Wolverton, 2013)。动物考古学鉴定方法利用现代实物参考藏品、数字资源和已出版的标准来帮助物种鉴定(Driver,1992)。高质量的鉴定指南和钥匙在很多方面都很重要。它们可以通过与实物对比参考藏品(通常是黄金标准方法)进行比较,为物种鉴定提供有用的支持,特别是通过在更广泛的样本集中定义分类群形态鉴定的有效标准(Driver, 1992)。它们还证明了已确定形态标准的可靠性(例如,Lister,1996 年),并可在某些单个参考藏品的基础上扩大分类范围(Davis 等,2024 年;Yeomans & Beech,2021 年)。因此,高质量的图文并茂的指南可以扩大一些比较收藏的效用,因为由于资源的限制,这些收藏没有足够的种内变异(Driver,1992)。一些专家可能在野外工作,无法获得实物参考材料,也无法将样本运送到更全面的参考藏品中进行后续研究。骨考古学家在学术和非学术环境中工作,如为大学、博物馆和商业考古公司工作,以及作为独立或自雇专家工作(Baker & Worley, 2019; LeFebvre & Sharpe, 2018)。从遗骸的初步分类到最终分析,高质量的图文并茂的指南和钥匙可以在不同的环境和分析阶段发挥重要作用:我们很高兴地宣布本刊新增一类稿件:"骨考古鉴定指南"。这些论文将为骨质考古学研究提供先进的诊断标准,如动物考古学的物种鉴定。它们将对方法和实践做出重大贡献。这种格式为直观说明标准提供了更大的容量,还可以通过可下载的补充材料进一步支持。这种格式旨在灵活、方便作者,例如,无论研究的目的是为区分两个骨骼相似的物种(如 Lister,1996 年)、多个类群的相同元素(如 Bochenski 等人,2023 年),还是更全面的摄影图集方法(如 Davis 等人,2024 年)提供比较标准。作者不妨酌情纳入其他方面的内容,如在考古材料上测试标准、制作插图时参考的标本清单(Lyman, 2019)或对鉴定工具和实践的评论(Yeomans & Beech, 2021),以支持开展对动物考古学界有用的有影响力的研究。研究还应提供对其使用的重要理解,包括应用的局限性(Lyman, 2019)。在这里,我们专门为鉴定指南和钥匙建立了这一手稿类型,希望这将为此类工作提供一个有利的格式和场所。
{"title":"Osteoarchaeological identification guides: A new category of manuscript","authors":"Robin Bendrey,&nbsp;Piers D. Mitchell","doi":"10.1002/oa.3329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3329","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Osteoarchaeological research is underpinned by the development and adoption of robust and replicable methodologies (Driver, &lt;span&gt;1992&lt;/span&gt;; LeFebvre &amp; Sharpe, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Lyman, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Wolverton, &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;). Zooarchaeological identification methodologies make use of physical modern reference collections, digital resources, and published criteria to aid species identification (Driver, &lt;span&gt;1992&lt;/span&gt;). High-quality identification guides and keys are important in a number of ways. They can provide useful support for identification by comparison to physical comparative reference collections, often the gold-standard approach, in particular through the definition of validated criteria for the morphological identification of a taxon across wider sets of samples (Driver, &lt;span&gt;1992&lt;/span&gt;). They also demonstrate the reliability of identified morphological criteria (e.g., Lister, &lt;span&gt;1996&lt;/span&gt;) and can also extend the taxonomic range from what is represented in some individual reference collections (Davis et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Yeomans &amp; Beech, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). As such, high-quality illustrated guides can broaden the utility of some comparative collections, which due to resource limitations do not have sufficient intra-species variation (Driver, &lt;span&gt;1992&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Osteoarchaeological research is undertaken in diverse settings, with differential access to resources and facilities. Some specialists may be working in the field without access to physical reference material or the possibility of transporting samples for follow-up study with reference to more comprehensive reference collections. Osteoarchaeologists are working in academic and nonacademic contexts, such as for universities, museums, and commercial archaeological companies and as independent or self-employed specialists (Baker &amp; Worley, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; LeFebvre &amp; Sharpe, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). High-quality illustrated guides and keys can play important roles in the different settings and stages of analysis, from preliminary sorting of remains to final analyses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We are excited to announce a new category of manuscript in the journal: “Osteoarchaeological identification guides.” These are papers that will provide advances in diagnostic criteria for osteoarchaeological research, such as zooarchaeological species identification. They will offer major contributions to method and practice. This format offers greater capacity for visually illustrating criteria, which can also be further supported with downloadable supplementary materials.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This format is intended to be flexible and author-friendly, for example whether the study aims to provide comparative criteria for separating between two skeletally similar species (e.g., Lister, &lt;span&gt;1996&lt;/span&gt;), the same element across multiple taxa (e.g., Bochenski et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), or a more comprehensive photographic atlas approach (e.g., Davis et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). ","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3329","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Perimortem cranial injury in the Bronze Age. A blunt object to the right parietal caused trauma in a preadolescent individual from Mokarta (Salemi-Sicily) 青铜时代的死前颅骨损伤。来自莫卡尔塔(萨莱米-西西里岛)的一名青春期前个体右顶骨被钝器击打造成的创伤
IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1002/oa.3328
Gabriele Lauria, Roberto Miccichè, Luca Sineo

Sicilian protohistory was characterized by a progressive flow of indigenous populations towards the hills of the western Sicilian hinterland. Especially during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age, the island's hinterland was marked by isolated settlements due to Siculi, Ausoni, Morgeti, and Elimi invasions and Phoenician and Greek colonization. In this scenario, Mokarta is an example of territorial autonomy and ethnic isolation (Sicanian) within an area of Elimi colonization. Its demise in the 11th century B.C.E, presumably at the hands of the Elimi, was rapid and violent as the settlement was suddenly abandoned following its destruction by fire. Symbolic of this event is an individual found at the entrance of a burned and collapsed hut who appears to have died from a cranial injury. This paper focuses on the osteological analysis of this skeleton, highlighting the perimortem injury, related to his death, and places the results within a forensic archeological context. The morphological pattern of the lesion is the result of a high-energy impact by a circular blunt object. The fracture, involving both the meningeal vessels and the brain, could have led to a fatal neurological trauma. The analysis of the cranial fracture and an anatomical evaluation of the affected area led us to conclude that the perimortem injury, inflicted on the right parietal, probably was the cause of death. The case proposed highlights how an integrated approach based on bioarcheology and forensic anthropology helps in interpreting an archeological scenario and formulating hypotheses about the circumstances of an individual's death.

西西里原住民的历史特点是逐渐向西西里西部腹地的丘陵流动。特别是在青铜时代晚期和铁器时代,由于西西里人、奥索尼人、莫尔盖蒂人和埃利米人的入侵以及腓尼基人和希腊人的殖民统治,该岛腹地出现了一些孤立的定居点。在这种情况下,莫卡尔塔(Mokarta)是埃利米殖民地区内领土自治和种族隔离(西卡尼亚)的一个例子。公元前 11 世纪,莫卡尔塔可能是在埃利米人的手中灭亡的,它的灭亡既迅速又猛烈,因为定居点在被大火烧毁后突然被遗弃。在被烧毁倒塌的小屋入口处发现的一个人似乎死于颅骨损伤,这就是这一事件的象征。本文重点对这具骸骨进行了骨学分析,强调了与他的死亡有关的死前损伤,并将分析结果置于法医考古学的背景下。病变的形态模式是一个圆形钝器高能撞击的结果。骨折涉及脑膜血管和大脑,可能导致致命的神经创伤。通过对颅骨骨折的分析和对受影响区域的解剖评估,我们得出结论,死前造成的右顶叶损伤可能是死亡原因。所提出的案例突出说明了以生物考古学和法医人类学为基础的综合方法如何有助于解释考古情景和提出有关个人死亡情况的假设。
{"title":"Perimortem cranial injury in the Bronze Age. A blunt object to the right parietal caused trauma in a preadolescent individual from Mokarta (Salemi-Sicily)","authors":"Gabriele Lauria,&nbsp;Roberto Miccichè,&nbsp;Luca Sineo","doi":"10.1002/oa.3328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3328","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sicilian protohistory was characterized by a progressive flow of indigenous populations towards the hills of the western Sicilian hinterland. Especially during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age, the island's hinterland was marked by isolated settlements due to <i>Siculi</i>, <i>Ausoni</i>, <i>Morgeti</i>, and <i>Elimi</i> invasions and Phoenician and Greek colonization. In this scenario, Mokarta is an example of territorial autonomy and ethnic isolation (<i>Sicanian</i>) within an area of <i>Elimi</i> colonization. Its demise in the 11th century B.C.E, presumably at the hands of the <i>Elimi</i>, was rapid and violent as the settlement was suddenly abandoned following its destruction by fire. Symbolic of this event is an individual found at the entrance of a burned and collapsed hut who appears to have died from a cranial injury. This paper focuses on the osteological analysis of this skeleton, highlighting the <i>perimortem</i> injury, related to his death, and places the results within a forensic archeological context. The morphological pattern of the lesion is the result of a high-energy impact by a circular blunt object. The fracture, involving both the meningeal vessels and the brain, could have led to a fatal neurological trauma. The analysis of the cranial fracture and an anatomical evaluation of the affected area led us to conclude that the <i>perimortem</i> injury, inflicted on the right parietal, probably was the cause of death. The case proposed highlights how an integrated approach based on bioarcheology and forensic anthropology helps in interpreting an archeological scenario and formulating hypotheses about the circumstances of an individual's death.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"34 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A probable case of multiple osteochondromas in a Qing period (1644–1911) individual from Shandong, China 中国山东清朝时期(1644-1911 年)一例疑似多发性骨软骨瘤病例
IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1002/oa.3323
Yawei Zhou, Fanhao Xi, Fangchao Zhao, Elizabeth Berger

This article aims to understand the impact of a condition causing multiple benign neoplasms on a historical individual, and increase understanding of disease processes using a paleopathological case. We present the case of an adult male from the Balizhuang site in Weifang City, Changle County, Shandong Province, China, dated by the burial artifacts to the Qing period (1644–1911 CE). The individual has multiple bony growths found on both long and flat bones, which were also observed radiographically. Imaging revealed that the lesions show continuity with the medullary cavity of the host bone. The individual also exhibited short stature, upper limb length asymmetry, and hip and ankle deformities. Conditions included in a differential diagnosis are myositis ossificans, parosteal osteosarcoma, and osteochondroma, with multiple osteochondromas (MO) being the most likely diagnosis. We also present historical texts suggesting the presence of osteochondromas in China. This may be the first case of adult MO reported in Chinese bioarcheology, helping to expand paleopathological data on benign tumors.

本文旨在了解导致多发性良性肿瘤的疾病对一个历史个体的影响,并通过一个古病理学病例加深对疾病过程的理解。我们介绍了一个来自中国山东省潍坊市昌乐县八里庄遗址的成年男性病例,根据随葬品可以推断出该病例的年代为清朝(公元 1644-1911 年)。该人的长骨和扁骨上都有多处骨质增生,放射学也对其进行了观察。成像显示,病变与宿主骨的髓腔呈连续性。该患者还表现出身材矮小、上肢长度不对称、髋关节和踝关节畸形。鉴别诊断包括骨化性肌炎、骨膜旁骨肉瘤和骨软骨瘤,其中多发性骨软骨瘤(MO)是最有可能的诊断。我们还介绍了表明中国存在骨软骨瘤的历史文献。这可能是中国生物考古学中报告的首例成人MO病例,有助于扩大良性肿瘤的古病理学数据。
{"title":"A probable case of multiple osteochondromas in a Qing period (1644–1911) individual from Shandong, China","authors":"Yawei Zhou,&nbsp;Fanhao Xi,&nbsp;Fangchao Zhao,&nbsp;Elizabeth Berger","doi":"10.1002/oa.3323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3323","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article aims to understand the impact of a condition causing multiple benign neoplasms on a historical individual, and increase understanding of disease processes using a paleopathological case. We present the case of an adult male from the Balizhuang site in Weifang City, Changle County, Shandong Province, China, dated by the burial artifacts to the Qing period (1644–1911 CE). The individual has multiple bony growths found on both long and flat bones, which were also observed radiographically. Imaging revealed that the lesions show continuity with the medullary cavity of the host bone. The individual also exhibited short stature, upper limb length asymmetry, and hip and ankle deformities. Conditions included in a differential diagnosis are myositis ossificans, parosteal osteosarcoma, and osteochondroma, with multiple osteochondromas (MO) being the most likely diagnosis. We also present historical texts suggesting the presence of osteochondromas in China. This may be the first case of adult MO reported in Chinese bioarcheology, helping to expand paleopathological data on benign tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"34 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of the changes in the petrous portion of temporal bone (pars petrosa ossis temporalis) under the influence of high temperature during the cremation process 火化过程中高温影响下颞骨石质部分(颞骨石质旁)的变化评估
IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1002/oa.3325
Klementyna Mackiewicz, Łukasz Pawelec, Jan Šimon, Jacek Szczurowski

The petrous parts of temporal bones are considered to be the densest parts of the human skeleton. Because of their high biomechanical strength, these elements can be preserved well even exposed to destructive processes. It has been proved that these bones are very well preserved in cremation graves and thus can be used as the foundation for anthropological analyses of cremated remains. The aim of the study was to determine the degree of shrinkage of the petrous portion of temporal bone under the influence of high temperature during the cremation. In a modern crematorium in Prague (Czech Republic), an experiment was conducted by burning 15 human temporal bones and a fresh pig's heads with soft tissues. Nine measurements were collected from each bone before the burning process. Cremation was carried out under controlled conditions in a modern cremation oven—the process took 45 min, and the temperature reached 1000°C. All the bones were burned together to maintain the same experimental conditions. Measurements of the individual bones were then repeated, and the significance of the dimensional changes was assessed. The presented study pointed out the significant size's reduction at level to 14% for dry petrous parts of temporal bones, while the size of fresh bones changed to 28% of their mass depending on the examined feature. Furthermore, the results of comparative analyses revealed that the differences between burning of dry and fresh bones are insignificant.

颞骨的石质部分被认为是人体骨骼中最致密的部分。由于其生物力学强度高,这些部分即使暴露在破坏过程中也能很好地保存下来。事实证明,这些骨骼在火葬墓中保存得非常好,因此可作为对火葬遗骸进行人类学分析的基础。这项研究的目的是确定在火化过程中高温影响下颞骨岩石部分的收缩程度。在布拉格(捷克共和国)的一个现代化火葬场进行了一项实验,焚烧了 15 具人类颞骨和一个带有软组织的新鲜猪头。在焚烧过程之前,对每块骨头进行了九次测量。火化是在受控条件下在现代火化炉中进行的,整个过程耗时 45 分钟,温度达到 1000°C。为了保持相同的实验条件,所有骨头都是一起焚烧的。然后重复测量每块骨头的尺寸,并评估尺寸变化的意义。研究结果表明,颞骨的干燥石质部分的尺寸明显缩小了 14%,而新鲜骨骼的尺寸则根据检查特征的不同而变化为其质量的 28%。此外,比较分析的结果表明,干燥骨骼和新鲜骨骼的燃烧差异并不明显。
{"title":"Assessment of the changes in the petrous portion of temporal bone (pars petrosa ossis temporalis) under the influence of high temperature during the cremation process","authors":"Klementyna Mackiewicz,&nbsp;Łukasz Pawelec,&nbsp;Jan Šimon,&nbsp;Jacek Szczurowski","doi":"10.1002/oa.3325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3325","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The petrous parts of temporal bones are considered to be the densest parts of the human skeleton. Because of their high biomechanical strength, these elements can be preserved well even exposed to destructive processes. It has been proved that these bones are very well preserved in cremation graves and thus can be used as the foundation for anthropological analyses of cremated remains. The aim of the study was to determine the degree of shrinkage of the petrous portion of temporal bone under the influence of high temperature during the cremation. In a modern crematorium in Prague (Czech Republic), an experiment was conducted by burning 15 human temporal bones and a fresh pig's heads with soft tissues. Nine measurements were collected from each bone before the burning process. Cremation was carried out under controlled conditions in a modern cremation oven—the process took 45 min, and the temperature reached 1000°C. All the bones were burned together to maintain the same experimental conditions. Measurements of the individual bones were then repeated, and the significance of the dimensional changes was assessed. The presented study pointed out the significant size's reduction at level to 14% for dry petrous parts of temporal bones, while the size of fresh bones changed to 28% of their mass depending on the examined feature. Furthermore, the results of comparative analyses revealed that the differences between burning of dry and fresh bones are insignificant.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"34 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of occlusal dental wear and degenerative alterations of the temporomandibular joint in two medieval populations from Central Europe 中欧两个中世纪人群的牙齿咬合磨损与颞下颌关节退行性病变的比较
IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1002/oa.3327
Antonella Pedergnana, Roger Seiler, Mislav Čavka, Dominic Gascho, Laura Harvey, Frank Rühli, Patrick Eppenberger

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease commonly identified in archaeological human remains. This condition primarily affects stress-bearing joints, which include the temporomandibular joints (TMJs). Comparing dental status and degenerative alterations of the TMJs of individuals is crucial for understanding the role of the former in increasing predisposition to temporomandibular OA. The combination of visual and radiologic observations allows for a more in-depth assessment of TMJ-OA in archaeological specimens. A comparative study between tooth wear and the extent of degenerative signs on mandibular condylar surfaces was conducted on individuals from two medieval cemeteries in central Europe (Früebergstrasse in Baar and Dalheim). OA, tooth wear, and AMTL were evaluated in 41 individuals comprising both adult specimens as well as those of a more advanced age. Condylar OA was diagnosed in 14 individuals (Baar, n = 7; Dalheim, n = 7). No specific sex predisposition for OA in TMJs was found in the study's sample. Tooth wear was more severe in individuals with condyles affected by OA than in individuals whose condyles showed no degenerative signs. Although dental occlusion could not be evaluated, tooth wear values seem to point to diverse mastication patterns when there is unilateral or bilateral manifestation of mandibular OA in the two medieval populations under study.

骨关节炎(OA)是一种退行性关节疾病,通常在考古人类遗骸中发现。这种疾病主要影响承受压力的关节,其中包括颞下颌关节(TMJ)。比较个体的牙齿状况和颞下颌关节的退行性改变,对于了解前者在增加颞下颌关节损伤易感性中的作用至关重要。结合视觉和放射学观察,可以更深入地评估考古标本中的颞下颌关节-OA。我们对欧洲中部两个中世纪墓地(巴尔的弗吕贝格大街和达尔海姆)中的个体进行了一项关于牙齿磨损和下颌骨髁突表面退化迹象程度的比较研究。对 41 个个体的 OA、牙齿磨损和 AMTL 进行了评估,其中既包括成年标本,也包括晚年标本。14人被诊断为髁突OA(巴尔,7人;达尔海姆,7人)。在研究样本中没有发现颞下颌关节骨性关节炎的特殊性别倾向。与髁突无退化迹象的人相比,髁突受 OA 影响的人牙齿磨损更为严重。虽然无法对牙齿咬合情况进行评估,但牙齿磨损值似乎表明,在研究的两个中世纪人群中,当单侧或双侧出现下颌骨 OA 时,咀嚼模式会有所不同。
{"title":"Comparison of occlusal dental wear and degenerative alterations of the temporomandibular joint in two medieval populations from Central Europe","authors":"Antonella Pedergnana,&nbsp;Roger Seiler,&nbsp;Mislav Čavka,&nbsp;Dominic Gascho,&nbsp;Laura Harvey,&nbsp;Frank Rühli,&nbsp;Patrick Eppenberger","doi":"10.1002/oa.3327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3327","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease commonly identified in archaeological human remains. This condition primarily affects stress-bearing joints, which include the temporomandibular joints (TMJs). Comparing dental status and degenerative alterations of the TMJs of individuals is crucial for understanding the role of the former in increasing predisposition to temporomandibular OA. The combination of visual and radiologic observations allows for a more in-depth assessment of TMJ-OA in archaeological specimens. A comparative study between tooth wear and the extent of degenerative signs on mandibular condylar surfaces was conducted on individuals from two medieval cemeteries in central Europe (Früebergstrasse in Baar and Dalheim). OA, tooth wear, and AMTL were evaluated in 41 individuals comprising both adult specimens as well as those of a more advanced age. Condylar OA was diagnosed in 14 individuals (Baar, <i>n</i> = 7; Dalheim, <i>n</i> = 7). No specific sex predisposition for OA in TMJs was found in the study's sample. Tooth wear was more severe in individuals with condyles affected by OA than in individuals whose condyles showed no degenerative signs. Although dental occlusion could not be evaluated, tooth wear values seem to point to diverse mastication patterns when there is unilateral or bilateral manifestation of mandibular OA in the two medieval populations under study.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"34 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Osseous harpoon heads of hunter-gatherers from the lower Paraná wetland 下巴拉那湿地狩猎采集者的骨质鱼叉头
IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1002/oa.3321
Natacha Buc, Alejandro A. Acosta, Lucia T. Rombolá, Daniel M. Loponte

Harpoons are part of the composite technologies, widely dispersed throughout the world. In South America, a unique type of throwing harpoon reveals a limited distribution, primarily discovered in hunter-gatherer archaeological sites within the lower La Plata basin. Specifically, they are found in two archaeological units named Incised Pottery and Plain Pottery which are defined by different material properties but share several common aspects as well. Regarding bone tools, the primary distinction lies in the decoration of the items, contrasting with the ornamentation of the pottery. While the processes underlying regional variability in the archaeological assemblages is not yet fully understood, various types of artifacts show differences in morphology and stylistic features that can be linked to archaeological units. For this purpose, we examined 13 archaeological samples of harpoon heads considering morphological, physical, and metrical variation, as well as the operational sequence. As result, we observed variations in both morphology and decoration, while the metrical structure, the selection of raw material and the operational sequence remain unaltered. This phenomenon could be attributed to a recent process of social differentiation affecting external features, whereas the internal characteristics are connected to technique behaviors resistant to recent changes.

鱼叉是综合技术的一部分,广泛分布于世界各地。在南美洲,一种独特的投掷鱼叉的分布范围有限,主要发现于拉普拉塔河流域下游的狩猎采集考古遗址中。具体地说,它们出现在两个考古单元中,分别被命名为 "刻纹陶器 "和 "平纹陶器",这两个单元的材料特性不同,但也有一些共同点。骨器的主要区别在于其装饰,与陶器的装饰形成鲜明对比。虽然我们还不完全清楚考古器物的地区差异是如何产生的,但各类器物在形态和风格特征上的差异可以与考古单位联系起来。为此,我们对 13 个鱼叉头的考古样本进行了研究,考虑了形态、物理和计量方面的差异以及操作顺序。结果,我们观察到了形态和装饰方面的变化,而在度量结构、原材料选择和操作顺序方面则没有变化。这种现象可以归因于最近的社会分化过程影响了外部特征,而内部特征则与抵御最近变化的技术行为有关。
{"title":"Osseous harpoon heads of hunter-gatherers from the lower Paraná wetland","authors":"Natacha Buc,&nbsp;Alejandro A. Acosta,&nbsp;Lucia T. Rombolá,&nbsp;Daniel M. Loponte","doi":"10.1002/oa.3321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3321","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Harpoons are part of the composite technologies, widely dispersed throughout the world. In South America, a unique type of throwing harpoon reveals a limited distribution, primarily discovered in hunter-gatherer archaeological sites within the lower La Plata basin. Specifically, they are found in two archaeological units named Incised Pottery and Plain Pottery which are defined by different material properties but share several common aspects as well. Regarding bone tools, the primary distinction lies in the decoration of the items, contrasting with the ornamentation of the pottery. While the processes underlying regional variability in the archaeological assemblages is not yet fully understood, various types of artifacts show differences in morphology and stylistic features that can be linked to archaeological units. For this purpose, we examined 13 archaeological samples of harpoon heads considering morphological, physical, and metrical variation, as well as the operational sequence. As result, we observed variations in both morphology and decoration, while the metrical structure, the selection of raw material and the operational sequence remain unaltered. This phenomenon could be attributed to a recent process of social differentiation affecting external features, whereas the internal characteristics are connected to technique behaviors resistant to recent changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"34 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bronze age horsemen: An evaluation of pathological and nonpathological changes for indicators of “horsemanship syndrome” of the Strzyżów culture population, Poland, 2000–1600 BC 青铜时代的骑士:公元前 2000-1600 年波兰 Strzyżów 文化人口 "骑术综合征 "指标的病理和非病理变化评估
IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1002/oa.3324
Anna Hyrchała, Dorota Lorkiewicz-Muszyńska

Numerous pathological and nonpathological changes examined on human bones are classified and related to various types of physical activities practiced during life. Some activities in ancient populations can be reconstructed based on studies of specific patterns and types of skeletal changes. Recently, particular attention has been paid to evaluate diagnostic traits that are commonly interpreted as “horsemanship syndrome.” In the present study, as of the time of writing, 100 skeletons from 23 archaeological sites of the Strzyżów culture in south-eastern Poland have been cataloged and analyzed. Preliminary analysis showed that 31 individuals were of subadult age and 46 adult skeletons were poorly preserved. In further research, authors focused on pathological and nonpathological changes in bone morphology associated with horseback riding among the remaining 23 adult individuals. Diagnostic traits including pelvic and lower limbs entheses, acetabular shape (vertical ovalisation), femoroacetabular morphological changes, subtrochanteric shape (platymeria), and specific vertebral degeneration and specific trauma lesions were analyzed related to biomechanical stress from frequent horseback riding. An evaluation gave results with high level of diagnostic certainty for four individuals and included two males, one female, and one individual whose sex could not be clearly determined due to the fragmented and incomplete preservation of the skull and pelvis. Lower probability was received in the next three cases included one male, one female, and one probably female. This study revealed that a proportion of the Strzyżów culture population developed skeletal changes compatible with riding horses.

对人类骨骼上的许多病理和非病理变化进行了分类,这些变化与人一生中从事的各种体力活动有关。根据对骨骼变化的特定模式和类型的研究,可以重建古代人群的某些活动。最近,人们特别关注评估通常被解释为 "骑术综合征 "的诊断特征。在本研究中,截至本文撰写之时,已对波兰东南部 Strzyżów 文化 23 个考古遗址中的 100 具骨骼进行了编目和分析。初步分析表明,31 具骸骨为亚成体,46 具成体骸骨保存较差。在进一步研究中,作者重点研究了剩余 23 个成年个体中与骑马有关的骨骼形态的病理和非病理变化。作者分析了与频繁骑马造成的生物力学压力有关的诊断特征,包括骨盆和下肢粘连、髋臼形状(垂直椭圆化)、股骨髋臼形态变化、转子下形状(板状)、特定脊椎退化和特定创伤病变。评估结果显示,4 人的诊断确定性较高,其中包括 2 名男性、1 名女性,还有 1 人由于头骨和骨盆破碎且保存不完整而无法明确确定性别。接下来的三个案例中,一个是男性,一个是女性,还有一个可能是女性,但确定性较低。这项研究表明,Strzyżów 文化人口中有一部分人的骨骼发生了与骑马相匹配的变化。
{"title":"Bronze age horsemen: An evaluation of pathological and nonpathological changes for indicators of “horsemanship syndrome” of the Strzyżów culture population, Poland, 2000–1600 BC","authors":"Anna Hyrchała,&nbsp;Dorota Lorkiewicz-Muszyńska","doi":"10.1002/oa.3324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3324","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Numerous pathological and nonpathological changes examined on human bones are classified and related to various types of physical activities practiced during life. Some activities in ancient populations can be reconstructed based on studies of specific patterns and types of skeletal changes. Recently, particular attention has been paid to evaluate diagnostic traits that are commonly interpreted as “horsemanship syndrome.” In the present study, as of the time of writing, 100 skeletons from 23 archaeological sites of the Strzyżów culture in south-eastern Poland have been cataloged and analyzed. Preliminary analysis showed that 31 individuals were of subadult age and 46 adult skeletons were poorly preserved. In further research, authors focused on pathological and nonpathological changes in bone morphology associated with horseback riding among the remaining 23 adult individuals. Diagnostic traits including pelvic and lower limbs entheses, acetabular shape (vertical ovalisation), femoroacetabular morphological changes, subtrochanteric shape (platymeria), and specific vertebral degeneration and specific trauma lesions were analyzed related to biomechanical stress from frequent horseback riding. An evaluation gave results with high level of diagnostic certainty for four individuals and included two males, one female, and one individual whose sex could not be clearly determined due to the fragmented and incomplete preservation of the skull and pelvis. Lower probability was received in the next three cases included one male, one female, and one probably female. This study revealed that a proportion of the Strzyżów culture population developed skeletal changes compatible with riding horses.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"34 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Osteoarchaeology
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1