Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.50386
Ruchita Badekar, Vishal Bodke, Bharat W. Tekade, Swapnil D. Phalak
The pharmaceutical sector is looking for new ways to deliver drugs, and one such way is through thin films. It has been said that thin films offer an alternative to traditional dosage forms. They offer rapid, local, or systemic effects and are a very flexible platform. Furthermore, patients with dysphagia, elderly, paediatrics, or bedridden patients, as well as those who have difficulty accessing water, can easily utilize these systems on their own. There are several ways to administer these drug delivery systems, including transdermally, ocularly, buccally, sublingually, and orally. One of the most creative and patient-focused novel drug delivery systems is Orodispersible Thin Films (OTF). Numerous pharmaceutical companies and academic experts worldwide are currently investigating the potential of these films for delivering drugs derived from both synthetic and natural sources. The beauty of this special drug delivery method is that, as we can see from the subjects' consumption of conventional dosage forms (tablets, capsules), they don't require water to be consumed. Furthermore, these delivery methods do a great job of encouraging patient compliance in general, especially in the case of both older and pediatric patients. This review shows a detailed review of oral thin film its applications and method of preparation; mainly focus of this research is thin film introduction to researchers and last 10 y of research on thin film with drugs and polymers used in research.
{"title":"AN OVERVIEW ON ORAL THIN FILMS–METHODOLOGY, CHARACTERIZATION AND CURRENT APPROACH","authors":"Ruchita Badekar, Vishal Bodke, Bharat W. Tekade, Swapnil D. Phalak","doi":"10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.50386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.50386","url":null,"abstract":"The pharmaceutical sector is looking for new ways to deliver drugs, and one such way is through thin films. It has been said that thin films offer an alternative to traditional dosage forms. They offer rapid, local, or systemic effects and are a very flexible platform. Furthermore, patients with dysphagia, elderly, paediatrics, or bedridden patients, as well as those who have difficulty accessing water, can easily utilize these systems on their own. There are several ways to administer these drug delivery systems, including transdermally, ocularly, buccally, sublingually, and orally.\u0000One of the most creative and patient-focused novel drug delivery systems is Orodispersible Thin Films (OTF). Numerous pharmaceutical companies and academic experts worldwide are currently investigating the potential of these films for delivering drugs derived from both synthetic and natural sources. The beauty of this special drug delivery method is that, as we can see from the subjects' consumption of conventional dosage forms (tablets, capsules), they don't require water to be consumed. Furthermore, these delivery methods do a great job of encouraging patient compliance in general, especially in the case of both older and pediatric patients.\u0000This review shows a detailed review of oral thin film its applications and method of preparation; mainly focus of this research is thin film introduction to researchers and last 10 y of research on thin film with drugs and polymers used in research.","PeriodicalId":14188,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"5 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140765167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.50589
Sarfaraz Md, Shaikh Zamirullah Mehboob, H. Doddayya
Objective: The study aimed to develop a polymeric nanosponge-based hydrogel system for enhanced topical application of fluconazole, an antifungal drug. Methods: Nanosponges were formulated using the emulsion solvent diffusion method using various polymers like hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ethylcellulose and Eudragit RS 100. Polyvinyl alcohol and ethanol were used to prepare the aqueous and dispersed phases. Nanosponges were dispersed in an appropriate amount of gelling agent Carbopol 940 to get nanosponge gel. Drug–polymer interaction has been carried out by FTIR spectroscopy. The prepared nanosponges were evaluated for various tests like production yield, drug entrapment efficiency, compatibility and SEM studies. The nanosponge hydrogel was tested for pH, drug content, spreadability, in vitro diffusion and kinetic studies. Results: The drug entrapment efficiency of fluconazole nanosponges was found in the range of 52.3±0.84% to 80.8±0.36% for all formulations, respectively. The spreadability of prepared nanosponges gel formulation was in the range between 5.20±0.19 to 7.187±0.85. Particle size analysis showed that the average particle size of fluconazole nanosponges formulated using ethyl cellulose (F5) was found to be 334 nm. The zeta potential was found to be-10.4 mV, indicating the formulated fluconazole nanosponges (F5) had moderate stability. FTIR and DSC studies of pure drug and nanosponges suggested that the formulations were stable and there was no chemical interaction with polymer and other excipients. The optimised fluconazole topical nanosponge hydrogel (FG5) released 90.90% drug in 8 h. Conclusion: Fluconazole topical nanosponge hydrogel could be successfully prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method. Fluconazole topical nanosponge hydrogel showed promising results under in vitro condition and thus, there exists a scope for evaluation of the developed nanosponge hydrogel for further pharmacokinetic studies, using appropriate test models.
{"title":"PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FLUCONAZOLE TOPICAL NANOSPONGE HYDROGEL","authors":"Sarfaraz Md, Shaikh Zamirullah Mehboob, H. Doddayya","doi":"10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.50589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.50589","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The study aimed to develop a polymeric nanosponge-based hydrogel system for enhanced topical application of fluconazole, an antifungal drug.\u0000Methods: Nanosponges were formulated using the emulsion solvent diffusion method using various polymers like hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ethylcellulose and Eudragit RS 100. Polyvinyl alcohol and ethanol were used to prepare the aqueous and dispersed phases. Nanosponges were dispersed in an appropriate amount of gelling agent Carbopol 940 to get nanosponge gel. Drug–polymer interaction has been carried out by FTIR spectroscopy. The prepared nanosponges were evaluated for various tests like production yield, drug entrapment efficiency, compatibility and SEM studies. The nanosponge hydrogel was tested for pH, drug content, spreadability, in vitro diffusion and kinetic studies.\u0000Results: The drug entrapment efficiency of fluconazole nanosponges was found in the range of 52.3±0.84% to 80.8±0.36% for all formulations, respectively. The spreadability of prepared nanosponges gel formulation was in the range between 5.20±0.19 to 7.187±0.85.\u0000Particle size analysis showed that the average particle size of fluconazole nanosponges formulated using ethyl cellulose (F5) was found to be 334 nm. The zeta potential was found to be-10.4 mV, indicating the formulated fluconazole nanosponges (F5) had moderate stability. FTIR and DSC studies of pure drug and nanosponges suggested that the formulations were stable and there was no chemical interaction with polymer and other excipients. The optimised fluconazole topical nanosponge hydrogel (FG5) released 90.90% drug in 8 h.\u0000Conclusion: Fluconazole topical nanosponge hydrogel could be successfully prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method. Fluconazole topical nanosponge hydrogel showed promising results under in vitro condition and thus, there exists a scope for evaluation of the developed nanosponge hydrogel for further pharmacokinetic studies, using appropriate test models.","PeriodicalId":14188,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"95 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140788996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.50478
Thomas Kurian
Objective: This study aims to perform in silico screening of nine heterocyclic ligands containing furan or indole with oxygen in their structure selected from the compound database based on a literature review for predicting their anticancer activity on tyrosine kinase receptor receptors. Methods: The receptor is complex with the ligand Gliteritinib and was downloaded from the protein database. The ligands used for this study were 5-fluoro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid,2(5H)-Furanone Furfuryl pentanoate, Furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde, 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid, Furan-2-yl(1H-indol-3-yl) methanone, Tert-butyl 3-formyl-1H-indole-1-carboxylate,7-Amino-5-fluoroindolin-2-one,7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one. Pyrex molecular docking software was used to perform the analysis. The study was validated using a re-docking technique using the ligand Gliteritinib. Results: A good docking score of (-7.8) was obtained for tert-butyl 3-formyl-1H-indole-1-carboxylate, leading to promising activity prediction. Furan-2-yl(1H-indol-3-yl) methadone and 7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one also scored well with (-7.5) and (-7.3) respectively. The redocking process resulted in a score of (-9.2). Conclusion: Values are comparable to the root primary square value, showing the reproducibility of this method. The finding gives insight into Insilco docking for anticancer activity and further exploration of phytochemicals for Insilco screening.
{"title":"IN SILICO SCREENING BY MOLECULAR DOCKING OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS WITH FURAN OR INDOLE NUCLEUS FROM DATABASE FOR ANTICANCER ACTIVITY AND VALIDATION OF THE METHOD BY REDOCKING","authors":"Thomas Kurian","doi":"10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.50478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.50478","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aims to perform in silico screening of nine heterocyclic ligands containing furan or indole with oxygen in their structure selected from the compound database based on a literature review for predicting their anticancer activity on tyrosine kinase receptor receptors.\u0000Methods: The receptor is complex with the ligand Gliteritinib and was downloaded from the protein database. The ligands used for this study were 5-fluoro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid,2(5H)-Furanone Furfuryl pentanoate, Furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde, 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid, Furan-2-yl(1H-indol-3-yl) methanone, Tert-butyl 3-formyl-1H-indole-1-carboxylate,7-Amino-5-fluoroindolin-2-one,7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one. Pyrex molecular docking software was used to perform the analysis. The study was validated using a re-docking technique using the ligand Gliteritinib.\u0000Results: A good docking score of (-7.8) was obtained for tert-butyl 3-formyl-1H-indole-1-carboxylate, leading to promising activity prediction. Furan-2-yl(1H-indol-3-yl) methadone and 7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one also scored well with (-7.5) and (-7.3) respectively. The redocking process resulted in a score of (-9.2).\u0000Conclusion: Values are comparable to the root primary square value, showing the reproducibility of this method. The finding gives insight into Insilco docking for anticancer activity and further exploration of phytochemicals for Insilco screening.","PeriodicalId":14188,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"180 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140783461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the realm of pharmaceutical manufacturing, 3D printing technology stands on the brink of a transformable revolution. This article passionately explores the boundless potential of 3D printing in shaping the future of pharmaceuticals, aiming to inspire researchers. It delves into crucial aspects: an overview of 3D printings in drug development, its advantages in drug production, and the pivotal role of personalized medicine. The article also discusses the creation of patient-specific medical devices, novel drug delivery systems, and the anticipated challenges in adopting 3D printing. Real-world case studies showcase successful applications while addressing the regulatory challenges associated with 3D-printed pharmaceuticals. By bridging existing knowledge gaps, this comprehensive article acts as a guiding light for those dedicated to advancing pharmaceutical research. It empowers researchers with profound insights into this disruptive technology, fostering innovation and collaboration within the community. The untapped potential of 3D printing in pharmaceuticals is vast and promising. Together, researchers can pioneer the future of pharmaceutical manufacturing, benefiting patients globally and propelling scientific advancement. Join us in this exhilarating journey of exploration and discovery as we harness the full capabilities of 3D printing for the betterment of healthcare and the progress of science.
在制药领域，3D 打印技术正处于一场变革的边缘。本文热情洋溢地探讨了 3D 打印技术在塑造未来制药业方面的无限潜力，旨在为研究人员带来启发。文章深入探讨了一些关键问题：3D 打印技术在药物开发中的概述、其在药物生产中的优势以及在个性化医疗中的关键作用。文章还讨论了患者专用医疗设备的创建、新型给药系统以及采用 3D 打印技术的预期挑战。真实案例研究展示了成功的应用，同时探讨了与3D打印药品相关的监管挑战。通过弥补现有的知识差距，这篇内容全面的文章为致力于推进制药研究的人员提供了一盏指路明灯。它为研究人员提供了对这一颠覆性技术的深刻见解，促进了社区内的创新与合作。3D 打印技术在制药领域的潜力巨大，前景广阔。研究人员可以携手开创制药业的未来，造福全球患者，推动科学进步。加入我们的探索和发现之旅吧，让我们充分利用三维打印技术的全部能力，促进医疗保健事业的发展和科学进步。
{"title":"3D PRINTING TECHNIQUE: A REVIEW ON THE APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING","authors":"Abhishek Yadav, Manish Yadav, Ashish Kumar Yadav, Shweta Mishra, Jitendra Jena, Jitendra Kumar Rai","doi":"10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.50139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.50139","url":null,"abstract":"In the realm of pharmaceutical manufacturing, 3D printing technology stands on the brink of a transformable revolution. This article passionately explores the boundless potential of 3D printing in shaping the future of pharmaceuticals, aiming to inspire researchers. It delves into crucial aspects: an overview of 3D printings in drug development, its advantages in drug production, and the pivotal role of personalized medicine. The article also discusses the creation of patient-specific medical devices, novel drug delivery systems, and the anticipated challenges in adopting 3D printing. Real-world case studies showcase successful applications while addressing the regulatory challenges associated with 3D-printed pharmaceuticals. By bridging existing knowledge gaps, this comprehensive article acts as a guiding light for those dedicated to advancing pharmaceutical research. It empowers researchers with profound insights into this disruptive technology, fostering innovation and collaboration within the community. The untapped potential of 3D printing in pharmaceuticals is vast and promising. Together, researchers can pioneer the future of pharmaceutical manufacturing, benefiting patients globally and propelling scientific advancement. Join us in this exhilarating journey of exploration and discovery as we harness the full capabilities of 3D printing for the betterment of healthcare and the progress of science.","PeriodicalId":14188,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"363 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140757363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.50126
R. R.
Objective: A simple, reliable, and rapid RP-HPLC method showing stability has been established to detect Doxepin Hydrochloride (DOX) with its degraded products. The proposed method has been validated for specificity, linearity, system suitability, accuracy, precision, robustness, LOD, and LOQ as per ICH guidelines. All parameters were found to be within the accepted limits, affirming the method's reliability. Methods: Analysis was conducted using RP-HPLC on a Phenomenex C18 Luna column (250 mm × 4.6 mm id, 5 µm) with a mobile phase comprising methanol, acetonitrile, and buffer (40:30:30, v/v/v) and a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The detection was performed with a UV detector set at 254 nm. Diverse methods have been employed to investigate forced degradation studies, including acid-base hydrolysis, photolysis, thermal degradation, and oxidation. These studies were conducted both in bulk and in capsule formulations of DOX. Results: The retention time (tR) of DOX was 2.92 minutes, and all parameters met acceptable limit values. The response exhibited linearity over a concentration range of 10 to 50 µg/ml (R2 = 0.9974). The percentage of DOX recovered from the pharmaceutical cream dosage form ranged from 97.67% to 101%. Sensitivity levels for the developed method were indicated by limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of 0.40–0.50 µg/ml. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Conclusion: Hence, a simple, reliable, accurate, and precise HPLC method was developed, proving suitable for the analysis of DOX in both bulk and commercial formulations.
目的：建立了一种简单、可靠、快速且稳定的 RP-HPLC 方法，用于检测盐酸多塞平（DOX）及其降解产物。根据 ICH 指南，对该方法的特异性、线性、系统适用性、准确度、精密度、稳健性、LOD 和 LOQ 进行了验证。所有参数均在可接受的范围内，证明了该方法的可靠性：分析采用 RP-HPLC 法，使用 Phenomenex C18 Luna 色谱柱（250 mm × 4.6 mm id，5 µm），流动相为甲醇、乙腈和缓冲液（40:30:30，v/v/v），流速为 0.5 ml/min。紫外检测器的检测波长为 254 纳米。强制降解研究采用了多种方法，包括酸碱水解、光解、热降解和氧化。这些研究是在 DOX 的散装和胶囊制剂中进行的：DOX 的保留时间（tR）为 2.92 分钟，所有参数均符合可接受的限值。在 10 至 50 µg/ml 的浓度范围内，反应呈线性关系（R2 = 0.9974）。药膏剂型中 DOX 的回收率为 97.67% 至 101%。该方法的灵敏度为检出限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）均为0.40-0.50 µg/ml。根据 ICH 指南对所提出的方法进行了验证：因此，所开发的高效液相色谱法简单、可靠、准确、精密，适用于散装和商业制剂中 DOX 的分析。
{"title":"STABILITY-INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DOXEPIN HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM","authors":"R. R.","doi":"10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.50126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.50126","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: A simple, reliable, and rapid RP-HPLC method showing stability has been established to detect Doxepin Hydrochloride (DOX) with its degraded products. The proposed method has been validated for specificity, linearity, system suitability, accuracy, precision, robustness, LOD, and LOQ as per ICH guidelines. All parameters were found to be within the accepted limits, affirming the method's reliability.\u0000Methods: Analysis was conducted using RP-HPLC on a Phenomenex C18 Luna column (250 mm × 4.6 mm id, 5 µm) with a mobile phase comprising methanol, acetonitrile, and buffer (40:30:30, v/v/v) and a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The detection was performed with a UV detector set at 254 nm. Diverse methods have been employed to investigate forced degradation studies, including acid-base hydrolysis, photolysis, thermal degradation, and oxidation. These studies were conducted both in bulk and in capsule formulations of DOX.\u0000Results: The retention time (tR) of DOX was 2.92 minutes, and all parameters met acceptable limit values. The response exhibited linearity over a concentration range of 10 to 50 µg/ml (R2 = 0.9974). The percentage of DOX recovered from the pharmaceutical cream dosage form ranged from 97.67% to 101%. Sensitivity levels for the developed method were indicated by limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of 0.40–0.50 µg/ml. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines.\u0000Conclusion: Hence, a simple, reliable, accurate, and precise HPLC method was developed, proving suitable for the analysis of DOX in both bulk and commercial formulations.","PeriodicalId":14188,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"211 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140778494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to reduce the inappropriate prescriptions of antifungal medications for vulvovaginitis candidiasis in a tertiary care hospital in central India. An ambispective, observational study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology of MGM Medical College and Maharaja Yashwantrao Hospital in Indore, MP, over three months (i.e.,12 w from August to October 2023). The study encompassed a retrospective analysis of prescriptions for vaginal candidiasis over a period of five weeks in August-September 2023, followed by a prospective analysis over the subsequent five weeks of September-October 2023post-implementation of interactive training sessions, discussions, and antifungal guidelines for two weeks. From a total of 130 randomly selected prescriptions, 69 prescriptions were perused retrospectively, while 61 prescriptions received prospective analysis. The post-implemented audit showed a marked reduction in antifungal prescriptions with a difference of 12.4%. An increase in the documentation of examination findings was also observed, from 46.7% to 69.7%. This implementation successfully mitigated inappropriate prescriptions of antifungals, with sustained reductions demonstrated over the 3 mo of the study period, emphasizing the effectiveness of educational interventions.
{"title":"ANTIFUNGAL STEWARDSHIP: MITIGATING INAPPROPRIATE PRESCRIPTIONS IN VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, CENTRAL INDIA","authors":"Narlapati Vignan, Vikalp Tiwari, Avina Kharat, Ruchi Kumari","doi":"10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.50496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.50496","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to reduce the inappropriate prescriptions of antifungal medications for vulvovaginitis candidiasis in a tertiary care hospital in central India. An ambispective, observational study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology of MGM Medical College and Maharaja Yashwantrao Hospital in Indore, MP, over three months (i.e.,12 w from August to October 2023). The study encompassed a retrospective analysis of prescriptions for vaginal candidiasis over a period of five weeks in August-September 2023, followed by a prospective analysis over the subsequent five weeks of September-October 2023post-implementation of interactive training sessions, discussions, and antifungal guidelines for two weeks. From a total of 130 randomly selected prescriptions, 69 prescriptions were perused retrospectively, while 61 prescriptions received prospective analysis. The post-implemented audit showed a marked reduction in antifungal prescriptions with a difference of 12.4%. An increase in the documentation of examination findings was also observed, from 46.7% to 69.7%. This implementation successfully mitigated inappropriate prescriptions of antifungals, with sustained reductions demonstrated over the 3 mo of the study period, emphasizing the effectiveness of educational interventions.","PeriodicalId":14188,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"197 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140797118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.49902
Manoj Kumar Rathore, T. Rama, Mohan Reddy, Manoj Kumar
Objective: This study aimed to develop a highly sensitive method for the determination of the genotoxic impurity 2-amino pyridine in Tenoxicam, employing hyphenated techniques. Methods: The determination of 2-amino pyridine was carried out using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method in Selected Ion Monitoring mode (SIM). A LiChrospher RP-18 (100×4.6 mm) 5.0 µm column was utilized for the separation. A gradient elution technique was employed with acetonitrile (mobile phase A) and 0.01M ammonium acetate buffer (mobile phase B) in varying ratios. The gradient program (T/%B) was set as 0/5, 2.50/15, 5.00/30, 10.00/50, 15.00/95, 20.00/95. The developed method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Results: The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for 2-amino pyridine were found to be 0.09 ppm and 0.3 ppm, respectively. The method demonstrated accuracy within the range of 89.1% to 106.6% for the analyte. The method's linearity was confirmed through a six-point calibration graph spanning 6 ppm to 75 ppm, corresponding to a concentration of 20 mg/ml of Tenoxicam. Conclusion: Developed hyphenated LC-MS/MS method presented in this study offers a highly sensitive and accurate means for the determination of the genotoxic impurity 2-amino pyridine in Tenoxicam. With validated LOD and LOQ values, as well as demonstrated accuracy, this method proves to be a robust quality control tool suitable for the quantitation of 2-amino pyridine at very low concentrations in the pharmaceutical compound Tenoxicam.
{"title":"TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRIC METHOD FOR THE TRACE LEVEL DETERMINATION OF 2-AMINOPYRIDINE: A POTENTIAL GENOTOXIC IMPURITY IN TENOXICAM API","authors":"Manoj Kumar Rathore, T. Rama, Mohan Reddy, Manoj Kumar","doi":"10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.49902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.49902","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to develop a highly sensitive method for the determination of the genotoxic impurity 2-amino pyridine in Tenoxicam, employing hyphenated techniques.\u0000Methods: The determination of 2-amino pyridine was carried out using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method in Selected Ion Monitoring mode (SIM). A LiChrospher RP-18 (100×4.6 mm) 5.0 µm column was utilized for the separation. A gradient elution technique was employed with acetonitrile (mobile phase A) and 0.01M ammonium acetate buffer (mobile phase B) in varying ratios. The gradient program (T/%B) was set as 0/5, 2.50/15, 5.00/30, 10.00/50, 15.00/95, 20.00/95. The developed method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines.\u0000Results: The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for 2-amino pyridine were found to be 0.09 ppm and 0.3 ppm, respectively. The method demonstrated accuracy within the range of 89.1% to 106.6% for the analyte. The method's linearity was confirmed through a six-point calibration graph spanning 6 ppm to 75 ppm, corresponding to a concentration of 20 mg/ml of Tenoxicam.\u0000Conclusion: Developed hyphenated LC-MS/MS method presented in this study offers a highly sensitive and accurate means for the determination of the genotoxic impurity 2-amino pyridine in Tenoxicam. With validated LOD and LOQ values, as well as demonstrated accuracy, this method proves to be a robust quality control tool suitable for the quantitation of 2-amino pyridine at very low concentrations in the pharmaceutical compound Tenoxicam.","PeriodicalId":14188,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"245 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140759111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.49731
Judy Jays, J. Saravanan
Objective: Universal use of antibacterial agents and swift development of resistance by the microorganisms pose a major threat to public health. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop novel antimicrobials. Isoxazole derivatives exhibiting versatile biological activities have been widely used as important scaffolds in the field of drug designing. Methods: Twenty isoxazole derivatives were virtually screened by means of the molecular docking approach in order to identify potential antimicrobials against the most common disease-causing bacteria, S. aureus. In silico studies were done to detect the selectivity of the novel isoxazole derivatives for the selected bacterial protein targets using ‘Glide’. In silico docking was carried out on few essential enzymes of S. aureus; Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), DNA gyrase, Dihydropteroate Synthetase (DHPS), Pyuvate kinase (PK). The compounds were subjected to energy minimization, followed by optimization and minimization of protein and generation of 3D grid at its active site. The ligands were subjected to molecular docking the Standard Precision and Extra Precision modes. Results: Docking of the compounds with Pyruvate Kinase and dihydrofolate reductase are quite encouraging.2C (4-hydroxy) and 2D (4-hydroxy) analogues gavea G Score of-8.33 and-8.64 with DHFR and Pyruvate Kinase respectively. However, the dock scores for the other target proteins indicate that the scaffolds have not bound with those bacterial targets. Moreover, ADME studies indicate that the derivatives do not show any violations in the rules for the requirements of orally active drugs. Conclusion: Study suggests that the derivatives 2C (4-hydroxy) and 2D(2-hydroxy) specifically bind to the active site of PK and DHFR. In silico ADME studies predicted the compounds to be “drug-like.” Hence the hydroxy derivatives may be considered as leads for further structural modifications to arrive at potential anti-bacterial agents.
{"title":"A MOLECULAR MODELLING APPROACH FOR STRUCTURE-BASED VIRTUAL SCREENING AND IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL ISOXAZOLES AS POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AGAINST S. AUREUS","authors":"Judy Jays, J. Saravanan","doi":"10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.49731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.49731","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Universal use of antibacterial agents and swift development of resistance by the microorganisms pose a major threat to public health. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop novel antimicrobials. Isoxazole derivatives exhibiting versatile biological activities have been widely used as important scaffolds in the field of drug designing.\u0000Methods: Twenty isoxazole derivatives were virtually screened by means of the molecular docking approach in order to identify potential antimicrobials against the most common disease-causing bacteria, S. aureus. In silico studies were done to detect the selectivity of the novel isoxazole derivatives for the selected bacterial protein targets using ‘Glide’. In silico docking was carried out on few essential enzymes of S. aureus; Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), DNA gyrase, Dihydropteroate Synthetase (DHPS), Pyuvate kinase (PK). The compounds were subjected to energy minimization, followed by optimization and minimization of protein and generation of 3D grid at its active site. The ligands were subjected to molecular docking the Standard Precision and Extra Precision modes.\u0000Results: Docking of the compounds with Pyruvate Kinase and dihydrofolate reductase are quite encouraging.2C (4-hydroxy) and 2D (4-hydroxy) analogues gavea G Score of-8.33 and-8.64 with DHFR and Pyruvate Kinase respectively. However, the dock scores for the other target proteins indicate that the scaffolds have not bound with those bacterial targets. Moreover, ADME studies indicate that the derivatives do not show any violations in the rules for the requirements of orally active drugs.\u0000Conclusion: Study suggests that the derivatives 2C (4-hydroxy) and 2D(2-hydroxy) specifically bind to the active site of PK and DHFR. In silico ADME studies predicted the compounds to be “drug-like.” Hence the hydroxy derivatives may be considered as leads for further structural modifications to arrive at potential anti-bacterial agents.","PeriodicalId":14188,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"47 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140788875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To assess the prevalence among Sickle cell disease (SCD) affected individuals emphasizing the neglected health challenges in various tribes. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study was conducted during the district residency program for 9 mo. The data has been collected from the record room of patients diagnosed with Sickle cell Anemia. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel. Results: A total of 295 patients’ data revealed demographic skew toward Jhabua (50%), with Sickle cell anemia diagnosed at the mean age of 23±3.9. Most patients (72.3%) were Hindu, with Bhil and Bhilaya tribes having higher frequencies. Symptoms varied; 94% had Sickle cell trait, 16.3% had sickle cell disease, and 60% experienced painful crises. Treatment included prophylactic care for all, 37.57% required blood transfusions and 29.7% were on hydroxyurea. Conclusion: The study underscores the significant SCD burden and the need for heightened awareness and targeted interventions in socio-economically disadvantaged tribal regions to mitigate the impact of SCD.
{"title":"SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN JHABUA AND KHARGONE DISTRICT: UNVEILING PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY","authors":"Ruchi Kumari, Anjali Kushwah, Avina Kharat, Narlapati Vignan, Siddharth Ojha, Akash Mishra, Paroma Sinha","doi":"10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.50497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.50497","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the prevalence among Sickle cell disease (SCD) affected individuals emphasizing the neglected health challenges in various tribes.\u0000Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study was conducted during the district residency program for 9 mo. The data has been collected from the record room of patients diagnosed with Sickle cell Anemia. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel.\u0000Results: A total of 295 patients’ data revealed demographic skew toward Jhabua (50%), with Sickle cell anemia diagnosed at the mean age of 23±3.9. Most patients (72.3%) were Hindu, with Bhil and Bhilaya tribes having higher frequencies. Symptoms varied; 94% had Sickle cell trait, 16.3% had sickle cell disease, and 60% experienced painful crises. Treatment included prophylactic care for all, 37.57% required blood transfusions and 29.7% were on hydroxyurea.\u0000Conclusion: The study underscores the significant SCD burden and the need for heightened awareness and targeted interventions in socio-economically disadvantaged tribal regions to mitigate the impact of SCD.","PeriodicalId":14188,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"238 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140789199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i3.50207
A. M. I. Basha, K. B. Vijaya, Mohan Reddy, A. P. K. Babu, S. Sujin
Objective: The Ankle fractures are becoming more prevalent as a result of increased road traffic accidents and sports injuries. There are various modalities of treatment available for Medial Malleolus fractures. Undisplaced fractures are managed conservatively with slab or cast and displaced fractures are fixed with screws, k wires, anchors, tension wiring and plates. The main objective of the study is to compare the clinical outcomes of Tension band wiring versus Malleolar screws in managing Displaced Isolated Medial Malleolus fractures. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics in Kurnool Medical College with 35 patients from November 2022 to November 2023 over one year with displaced isolated Medial Malleolus fractures. Postoperatively the patients are evaluated based on clinical and radiological examinations at one, three, and six months, respectively. Results: The patients are evaluated with Baird and Jackson scoring system postoperatively, where Excellent score: 8(47%) in group 1 and 7(38.8%) in group 2; Good score: 8(47%) in group 1 and 8(44.4 %) in group 2; Fair score: 1(5.8%) in group 1 and 2(11.1%) in group 2; Poor score: 0 in group 1 and 1(5.5%) in group 2. Hence excellent and good results are obtained in 16(94%) patients in group 1(TBW) and 15(82.2) patients in group 2(Malleolar Screws). Conclusion: Tension band wiring can be a better option than Malleolar screws in fixation of Displaced Isolated Medial Malleolus fractures.
{"title":"A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EVALUATING THE OUTCOME OF DISPLACED ISOLATED MEDIAL MALLEOLUS FRACTURE MANAGED WITH TENSION BAND WIRING (TBW) VERSUS MALLEOLAR SCREWS FIXATION","authors":"A. M. I. Basha, K. B. Vijaya, Mohan Reddy, A. P. K. Babu, S. Sujin","doi":"10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i3.50207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i3.50207","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The Ankle fractures are becoming more prevalent as a result of increased road traffic accidents and sports injuries. There are various modalities of treatment available for Medial Malleolus fractures. Undisplaced fractures are managed conservatively with slab or cast and displaced fractures are fixed with screws, k wires, anchors, tension wiring and plates. The main objective of the study is to compare the clinical outcomes of Tension band wiring versus Malleolar screws in managing Displaced Isolated Medial Malleolus fractures.\u0000Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics in Kurnool Medical College with 35 patients from November 2022 to November 2023 over one year with displaced isolated Medial Malleolus fractures. Postoperatively the patients are evaluated based on clinical and radiological examinations at one, three, and six months, respectively.\u0000Results: The patients are evaluated with Baird and Jackson scoring system postoperatively, where Excellent score: 8(47%) in group 1 and 7(38.8%) in group 2; Good score: 8(47%) in group 1 and 8(44.4 %) in group 2; Fair score: 1(5.8%) in group 1 and 2(11.1%) in group 2; Poor score: 0 in group 1 and 1(5.5%) in group 2. Hence excellent and good results are obtained in 16(94%) patients in group 1(TBW) and 15(82.2) patients in group 2(Malleolar Screws).\u0000Conclusion: Tension band wiring can be a better option than Malleolar screws in fixation of Displaced Isolated Medial Malleolus fractures.","PeriodicalId":14188,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"85 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140278947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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