Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i2.49960
Vishal Bodke, Bharat Tekade, Ruchita Badekar, Swapnil D. Phalak, Mohan Kale
Oral pulsatile drug delivery systems (PDDS) are intended to induce programmable lag phases before a quick and quantifiable, repeated, or prolonged medication release. As a result, they are gaining popularity due to their inherent suitability for achieving chronotherapeutic goals, which have just been highlighted concerning several prevalent chronic illnesses characterized by typical night or early-morning recurring symptoms (e. g. bronchial asthma, heart attack, rheumatoid arthritis, early-morningawakening). Furthermore, time-based colonic release is possible when pulsatile delivery devices are correctly modified to overcome unexpected gastric emptying and give delay periods that roughly match the small intestine transit time. Oral pulsatile administration is accomplished using several release platforms, including reservoir, capsular, and osmotic devices. The current review article addressed the topics that followed: the reason pulsatile drug delivery systems have been invented; diseases for which pulsatile release is necessary; classification, advantages and disadvantages; methods used in the current systems; the situation nowadays and its potential for the future; recent advancements, and especially, the previous five to ten years of research on pulsatile drug delivery conducted by researchers using a variety of drugs for a variety of diseases.
{"title":"PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS THE NOVEL APPROACH","authors":"Vishal Bodke, Bharat Tekade, Ruchita Badekar, Swapnil D. Phalak, Mohan Kale","doi":"10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i2.49960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i2.49960","url":null,"abstract":"Oral pulsatile drug delivery systems (PDDS) are intended to induce programmable lag phases before a quick and quantifiable, repeated, or prolonged medication release. As a result, they are gaining popularity due to their inherent suitability for achieving chronotherapeutic goals, which have just been highlighted concerning several prevalent chronic illnesses characterized by typical night or early-morning recurring symptoms (e. g. bronchial asthma, heart attack, rheumatoid arthritis, early-morningawakening). Furthermore, time-based colonic release is possible when pulsatile delivery devices are correctly modified to overcome unexpected gastric emptying and give delay periods that roughly match the small intestine transit time. Oral pulsatile administration is accomplished using several release platforms, including reservoir, capsular, and osmotic devices.\u0000The current review article addressed the topics that followed: the reason pulsatile drug delivery systems have been invented; diseases for which pulsatile release is necessary; classification, advantages and disadvantages; methods used in the current systems; the situation nowadays and its potential for the future; recent advancements, and especially, the previous five to ten years of research on pulsatile drug delivery conducted by researchers using a variety of drugs for a variety of diseases.","PeriodicalId":14188,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139816517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i2.49567
Palanati Mamatha, B. D. V. R. N.
Objective: The aim of this study was to improve the oral solubility of Pemigatinib and Entrectinib through incorporation into nanosponges (NSs), and further the cytotoxic potential of optimized formulations of NSs on A498, MCF-7, and PANC-1 cell lines in the MTT based Cell proliferation assay was analyzed. Methods: In the current study Pemigatinib and Entrectinib were formulated in to NS tablets and cytotoxicity was determined by using A498, MCF-7, and PANC-1 cell lines. The optimized NS formulation was determined prepared into a tablet dosage form, which further was evaluated for physical parameters and in vitro drug release study. For cytotoxicity studies, MTT assay was conducted for these formulations, IC50 values were calculated for the tested compound and compared with 5-Fluorouracil. Results: The optimized formulation was evaluated for physical parameters and in vitro drug release study, the results were satisfactory. The IC50 of Entrectinib NS, Pemigatinib NS and 5-Fluorouracil, against A498 cell line was 26.34, 85.24 and 15.24 µg/ml, respectively. The IC50 of Entrectinib NS, Pemigatinib NS and 5-Fluorouracil, against MCF-7 cell line was 71.54, 35.48 and 24.56 µg/ml, respectively. The IC50 of Entrectinib NS, Pemigatinib NS and 5-Fluorouracil, against PANC-1 cell line was 35.14, 22.54 and 22.54 µg/ml, respectively. It was observed that the IC50 of drug-loaded NS was higher than the comparator drug and these enter the cells by active transport and induce cytotoxicity to the cells. Conclusion: The overall results from the studies suggest that Entrectinib NS and Pemigatinib NS provided efficient cytotoxic effects, which could play a significant role in the percentage cell death.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY OF ENTRECTINIB AND PEMIGATINIB NANOSPONGES TABLETS ON A 498, MCF-7 AND PANC-1 CELL LINES","authors":"Palanati Mamatha, B. D. V. R. N.","doi":"10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i2.49567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i2.49567","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to improve the oral solubility of Pemigatinib and Entrectinib through incorporation into nanosponges (NSs), and further the cytotoxic potential of optimized formulations of NSs on A498, MCF-7, and PANC-1 cell lines in the MTT based Cell proliferation assay was analyzed.\u0000Methods: In the current study Pemigatinib and Entrectinib were formulated in to NS tablets and cytotoxicity was determined by using A498, MCF-7, and PANC-1 cell lines. The optimized NS formulation was determined prepared into a tablet dosage form, which further was evaluated for physical parameters and in vitro drug release study. For cytotoxicity studies, MTT assay was conducted for these formulations, IC50 values were calculated for the tested compound and compared with 5-Fluorouracil.\u0000Results: The optimized formulation was evaluated for physical parameters and in vitro drug release study, the results were satisfactory. The IC50 of Entrectinib NS, Pemigatinib NS and 5-Fluorouracil, against A498 cell line was 26.34, 85.24 and 15.24 µg/ml, respectively. The IC50 of Entrectinib NS, Pemigatinib NS and 5-Fluorouracil, against MCF-7 cell line was 71.54, 35.48 and 24.56 µg/ml, respectively. The IC50 of Entrectinib NS, Pemigatinib NS and 5-Fluorouracil, against PANC-1 cell line was 35.14, 22.54 and 22.54 µg/ml, respectively. It was observed that the IC50 of drug-loaded NS was higher than the comparator drug and these enter the cells by active transport and induce cytotoxicity to the cells.\u0000Conclusion: The overall results from the studies suggest that Entrectinib NS and Pemigatinib NS provided efficient cytotoxic effects, which could play a significant role in the percentage cell death.","PeriodicalId":14188,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139818130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i2.49174
Neelam Jain, Anurag Verma, Neelam Jain
Objective: The present study was focused on developing and characterizing niosomal gel formulations for ocular controlled delivery of an adrenergic agonist; dipivefrin HCl. In the present study, the pre-formulation studies are showed towards the development of Novel formulation. Methods: Preformulation studies of drug were carried out for identification (physical appearance, melting point and UV spectrophotometric analysis), solubility profile, lipophilicity (Partition Coefficient), compatibility studies by FTIR and thermal behavior by DSC. Results: The melting point of dipivefrin HCl was found to be 147.6±3 °C. The log P value was found to be 3.14±0.02, from which it can be interpreted that drug is highly lipophilic in nature. The scanned λmax were found to be 254 nm. No significant changes were found when FTIR spectra of the physical mixture compared with FTIR spectra of pure drug and excipients. This indicates absence of any possible interaction between the drug and excipients which confirms the identity and purity of drug. DSC thermogram of pure drug showed a sharp exothermic peak at 131.202 °C (area=1726.267 mJ, delta H=575.422 J/g), indicating the crystal melting point of the drug. Conclusion: These results suggest that the dipivefrin HCl serve as suitable candidate for ocular drug delivery system.
研究目的本研究的重点是开发和鉴定用于控制肾上腺素能激动剂盐酸地匹福林眼部给药的纳米凝胶配方。本研究对新型配方的开发进行了制剂前研究：方法：对药物的制剂前研究进行了鉴定（物理外观、熔点和紫外分光光度分析）、溶解度曲线、亲油性（分配系数）、傅立叶变换红外光谱相容性研究和 DSC 热行为研究：结果：盐酸地匹福林的熔点为 147.6±3 ℃。对数 P 值为 3.14±0.02，由此可见药物具有高度亲脂性。扫描 λmax 为 254 nm。物理混合物的傅立叶变换红外光谱与纯药物和辅料的傅立叶变换红外光谱相比，没有发现明显的变化。这表明药物和辅料之间不存在任何可能的相互作用，从而证实了药物的特性和纯度。纯药物的 DSC 热图显示，在 131.202 °C 处有一个尖锐的放热峰（面积=1726.267 mJ，delta H=575.422 J/g），表明药物的晶体熔点：这些结果表明盐酸地匹福林可作为眼部给药系统的合适候选药物。
{"title":"PREFORMULATION STUDIES OF NIOSOMAL GEL CONTAINING DIPIVEFRIN HYDROCHLORIDE FOR ANTIGLAUCOMATIC ACTIVITY","authors":"Neelam Jain, Anurag Verma, Neelam Jain","doi":"10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i2.49174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i2.49174","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present study was focused on developing and characterizing niosomal gel formulations for ocular controlled delivery of an adrenergic agonist; dipivefrin HCl. In the present study, the pre-formulation studies are showed towards the development of Novel formulation.\u0000Methods: Preformulation studies of drug were carried out for identification (physical appearance, melting point and UV spectrophotometric analysis), solubility profile, lipophilicity (Partition Coefficient), compatibility studies by FTIR and thermal behavior by DSC.\u0000Results: The melting point of dipivefrin HCl was found to be 147.6±3 °C. The log P value was found to be 3.14±0.02, from which it can be interpreted that drug is highly lipophilic in nature. The scanned λmax were found to be 254 nm. No significant changes were found when FTIR spectra of the physical mixture compared with FTIR spectra of pure drug and excipients. This indicates absence of any possible interaction between the drug and excipients which confirms the identity and purity of drug. DSC thermogram of pure drug showed a sharp exothermic peak at 131.202 °C (area=1726.267 mJ, delta H=575.422 J/g), indicating the crystal melting point of the drug.\u0000Conclusion: These results suggest that the dipivefrin HCl serve as suitable candidate for ocular drug delivery system.","PeriodicalId":14188,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"70 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139829176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i2.49174
Neelam Jain, Anurag Verma, Neelam Jain
Objective: The present study was focused on developing and characterizing niosomal gel formulations for ocular controlled delivery of an adrenergic agonist; dipivefrin HCl. In the present study, the pre-formulation studies are showed towards the development of Novel formulation. Methods: Preformulation studies of drug were carried out for identification (physical appearance, melting point and UV spectrophotometric analysis), solubility profile, lipophilicity (Partition Coefficient), compatibility studies by FTIR and thermal behavior by DSC. Results: The melting point of dipivefrin HCl was found to be 147.6±3 °C. The log P value was found to be 3.14±0.02, from which it can be interpreted that drug is highly lipophilic in nature. The scanned λmax were found to be 254 nm. No significant changes were found when FTIR spectra of the physical mixture compared with FTIR spectra of pure drug and excipients. This indicates absence of any possible interaction between the drug and excipients which confirms the identity and purity of drug. DSC thermogram of pure drug showed a sharp exothermic peak at 131.202 °C (area=1726.267 mJ, delta H=575.422 J/g), indicating the crystal melting point of the drug. Conclusion: These results suggest that the dipivefrin HCl serve as suitable candidate for ocular drug delivery system.
研究目的本研究的重点是开发和鉴定用于控制肾上腺素能激动剂盐酸地匹福林眼部给药的纳米凝胶配方。本研究对新型配方的开发进行了制剂前研究：方法：对药物的制剂前研究进行了鉴定（物理外观、熔点和紫外分光光度分析）、溶解度曲线、亲油性（分配系数）、傅立叶变换红外光谱相容性研究和 DSC 热行为研究：结果：盐酸地匹福林的熔点为 147.6±3 ℃。对数 P 值为 3.14±0.02，由此可见药物具有高度亲脂性。扫描 λmax 为 254 nm。物理混合物的傅立叶变换红外光谱与纯药物和辅料的傅立叶变换红外光谱相比，没有发现明显的变化。这表明药物和辅料之间不存在任何可能的相互作用，从而证实了药物的特性和纯度。纯药物的 DSC 热图显示，在 131.202 °C 处有一个尖锐的放热峰（面积=1726.267 mJ，delta H=575.422 J/g），表明药物的晶体熔点：这些结果表明盐酸地匹福林可作为眼部给药系统的合适候选药物。
{"title":"PREFORMULATION STUDIES OF NIOSOMAL GEL CONTAINING DIPIVEFRIN HYDROCHLORIDE FOR ANTIGLAUCOMATIC ACTIVITY","authors":"Neelam Jain, Anurag Verma, Neelam Jain","doi":"10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i2.49174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i2.49174","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present study was focused on developing and characterizing niosomal gel formulations for ocular controlled delivery of an adrenergic agonist; dipivefrin HCl. In the present study, the pre-formulation studies are showed towards the development of Novel formulation.\u0000Methods: Preformulation studies of drug were carried out for identification (physical appearance, melting point and UV spectrophotometric analysis), solubility profile, lipophilicity (Partition Coefficient), compatibility studies by FTIR and thermal behavior by DSC.\u0000Results: The melting point of dipivefrin HCl was found to be 147.6±3 °C. The log P value was found to be 3.14±0.02, from which it can be interpreted that drug is highly lipophilic in nature. The scanned λmax were found to be 254 nm. No significant changes were found when FTIR spectra of the physical mixture compared with FTIR spectra of pure drug and excipients. This indicates absence of any possible interaction between the drug and excipients which confirms the identity and purity of drug. DSC thermogram of pure drug showed a sharp exothermic peak at 131.202 °C (area=1726.267 mJ, delta H=575.422 J/g), indicating the crystal melting point of the drug.\u0000Conclusion: These results suggest that the dipivefrin HCl serve as suitable candidate for ocular drug delivery system.","PeriodicalId":14188,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139889221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i2.49567
Palanati Mamatha, B. D. V. R. N.
Objective: The aim of this study was to improve the oral solubility of Pemigatinib and Entrectinib through incorporation into nanosponges (NSs), and further the cytotoxic potential of optimized formulations of NSs on A498, MCF-7, and PANC-1 cell lines in the MTT based Cell proliferation assay was analyzed. Methods: In the current study Pemigatinib and Entrectinib were formulated in to NS tablets and cytotoxicity was determined by using A498, MCF-7, and PANC-1 cell lines. The optimized NS formulation was determined prepared into a tablet dosage form, which further was evaluated for physical parameters and in vitro drug release study. For cytotoxicity studies, MTT assay was conducted for these formulations, IC50 values were calculated for the tested compound and compared with 5-Fluorouracil. Results: The optimized formulation was evaluated for physical parameters and in vitro drug release study, the results were satisfactory. The IC50 of Entrectinib NS, Pemigatinib NS and 5-Fluorouracil, against A498 cell line was 26.34, 85.24 and 15.24 µg/ml, respectively. The IC50 of Entrectinib NS, Pemigatinib NS and 5-Fluorouracil, against MCF-7 cell line was 71.54, 35.48 and 24.56 µg/ml, respectively. The IC50 of Entrectinib NS, Pemigatinib NS and 5-Fluorouracil, against PANC-1 cell line was 35.14, 22.54 and 22.54 µg/ml, respectively. It was observed that the IC50 of drug-loaded NS was higher than the comparator drug and these enter the cells by active transport and induce cytotoxicity to the cells. Conclusion: The overall results from the studies suggest that Entrectinib NS and Pemigatinib NS provided efficient cytotoxic effects, which could play a significant role in the percentage cell death.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY OF ENTRECTINIB AND PEMIGATINIB NANOSPONGES TABLETS ON A 498, MCF-7 AND PANC-1 CELL LINES","authors":"Palanati Mamatha, B. D. V. R. N.","doi":"10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i2.49567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i2.49567","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to improve the oral solubility of Pemigatinib and Entrectinib through incorporation into nanosponges (NSs), and further the cytotoxic potential of optimized formulations of NSs on A498, MCF-7, and PANC-1 cell lines in the MTT based Cell proliferation assay was analyzed.\u0000Methods: In the current study Pemigatinib and Entrectinib were formulated in to NS tablets and cytotoxicity was determined by using A498, MCF-7, and PANC-1 cell lines. The optimized NS formulation was determined prepared into a tablet dosage form, which further was evaluated for physical parameters and in vitro drug release study. For cytotoxicity studies, MTT assay was conducted for these formulations, IC50 values were calculated for the tested compound and compared with 5-Fluorouracil.\u0000Results: The optimized formulation was evaluated for physical parameters and in vitro drug release study, the results were satisfactory. The IC50 of Entrectinib NS, Pemigatinib NS and 5-Fluorouracil, against A498 cell line was 26.34, 85.24 and 15.24 µg/ml, respectively. The IC50 of Entrectinib NS, Pemigatinib NS and 5-Fluorouracil, against MCF-7 cell line was 71.54, 35.48 and 24.56 µg/ml, respectively. The IC50 of Entrectinib NS, Pemigatinib NS and 5-Fluorouracil, against PANC-1 cell line was 35.14, 22.54 and 22.54 µg/ml, respectively. It was observed that the IC50 of drug-loaded NS was higher than the comparator drug and these enter the cells by active transport and induce cytotoxicity to the cells.\u0000Conclusion: The overall results from the studies suggest that Entrectinib NS and Pemigatinib NS provided efficient cytotoxic effects, which could play a significant role in the percentage cell death.","PeriodicalId":14188,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"19 1-3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139877906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i1.49336
N. B., A. S.
Objective: A definitive objective for supporting drug discharge is to expand the remedial movement of the medication while limiting its incidental effects. Microspheres have become a unique medicine delivery mechanism for several disorders in this area. The popular fluoroquinolone antibiotic, Ciprofloxacin, is used to treat a variety of bacterial illnesses. This research aims to create Ciprofloxacin microspheres with sustained drug delivery using natural gum polymers. Methods: To choose and assess the ideal formulation, a variety of formulations (F1–F8) were developed. This work was completed using an innovative technology, the Ionic Gelation method. Central Composite Design (CCD) used the quadratic forward regression approach to carry out the optimization. The evaluation tests include Particle size, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FTIR, Percentage yield, Drug content, Drug Entrapment effectiveness and in vitro dissolution studies. Results: It was discovered that the best formulation was F4. From optimization, the ANOVA was found to be significant. The uneven, spherical structure of microspheres with a rough outer surface is confirmed by SEM investigation. The absence of drug-polymer interaction is confirmed by the FTIR. The formulation F4 was deemed ideal due to its high drug entrapment efficiency, drug content and maximal drug release (89.25% in 12 h). Conclusion: Due to the least plasma half-life, this drug is designed as microspheres thus maximizing the therapeutic activity and minimizing the negative effects. In this regard, microspheres have emerged as novel drug-delivery systems for various diseases. It maintains effective dose concentration, eliminates night-time dosage and decreases side effects, thus optimizing drug therapy.
{"title":"FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CIPROFLOXACIN MICROSPHERES DESIGNED BY USING NATURAL POLYMERS BY IONIC GELATION TECHNIQUE","authors":"N. B., A. S.","doi":"10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i1.49336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i1.49336","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: A definitive objective for supporting drug discharge is to expand the remedial movement of the medication while limiting its incidental effects. Microspheres have become a unique medicine delivery mechanism for several disorders in this area. The popular fluoroquinolone antibiotic, Ciprofloxacin, is used to treat a variety of bacterial illnesses. This research aims to create Ciprofloxacin microspheres with sustained drug delivery using natural gum polymers.\u0000Methods: To choose and assess the ideal formulation, a variety of formulations (F1–F8) were developed. This work was completed using an innovative technology, the Ionic Gelation method. Central Composite Design (CCD) used the quadratic forward regression approach to carry out the optimization. The evaluation tests include Particle size, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FTIR, Percentage yield, Drug content, Drug Entrapment effectiveness and in vitro dissolution studies.\u0000Results: It was discovered that the best formulation was F4. From optimization, the ANOVA was found to be significant. The uneven, spherical structure of microspheres with a rough outer surface is confirmed by SEM investigation. The absence of drug-polymer interaction is confirmed by the FTIR. The formulation F4 was deemed ideal due to its high drug entrapment efficiency, drug content and maximal drug release (89.25% in 12 h).\u0000Conclusion: Due to the least plasma half-life, this drug is designed as microspheres thus maximizing the therapeutic activity and minimizing the negative effects. In this regard, microspheres have emerged as novel drug-delivery systems for various diseases. It maintains effective dose concentration, eliminates night-time dosage and decreases side effects, thus optimizing drug therapy.","PeriodicalId":14188,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139454791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i1.49763
Archana Tiwari, Avinash Tiwari
Objective: The objective of this research was to examine and compare the capacity of several bark extracts of Acacia catechu to scavenge nitric oxide (NO) free radicals. The study also examined the evaluation of variations in concentration that are reliant on both concentration levels and seasonal changes, using samples obtained throughout various seasons over a span of two consecutive years. Methods: In this study, six extracts were made utilizing solvents, including ethanol, methanol, aqueous solution, acetone, chloroform, and benzene. In the in vitro investigation, a nitric oxide (NO) assay was conducted to evaluate the free radical scavenging efficacy of the test samples. Results: Out of seven tested sample concentrations, 15.25 µg/ml was reported to be ineffective; higher than 500 µg/ml concentrations (i.e., 705 and 1000) were observed to be less effective than their lower concentrations, while 31.5–500 µg/ml drug concentrations were observed to be protective. Among these three, 125 µg/ml concentrations were found to be most effective (p<0.01 or more). In solvent-based results, methanolic, ethanolic, aqueous, and acetone extracts exhibited at least p<0.01 significant effective NO scavenging, but acetone extract was seen to have comparatively less protection (p<0.05) than the other three extracts. Chloroform and benzene extracts, respectively, showed less protection. Samples collected in the summer season showed greater protection than winter and Manson. Conclusion: This study provided a clear observation of the impact of extraction solvent, concentration of drug, and season of sample collection on in vitro free radical scavenging potential. These data could help provide possible applications for regional plants for medicinal purposes.
{"title":"AN ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIVE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BARK EXTRACTS OF ACACIA CATECHU BY IN VITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ANALYSIS","authors":"Archana Tiwari, Avinash Tiwari","doi":"10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i1.49763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i1.49763","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this research was to examine and compare the capacity of several bark extracts of Acacia catechu to scavenge nitric oxide (NO) free radicals. The study also examined the evaluation of variations in concentration that are reliant on both concentration levels and seasonal changes, using samples obtained throughout various seasons over a span of two consecutive years.\u0000Methods: In this study, six extracts were made utilizing solvents, including ethanol, methanol, aqueous solution, acetone, chloroform, and benzene. In the in vitro investigation, a nitric oxide (NO) assay was conducted to evaluate the free radical scavenging efficacy of the test samples.\u0000Results: Out of seven tested sample concentrations, 15.25 µg/ml was reported to be ineffective; higher than 500 µg/ml concentrations (i.e., 705 and 1000) were observed to be less effective than their lower concentrations, while 31.5–500 µg/ml drug concentrations were observed to be protective. Among these three, 125 µg/ml concentrations were found to be most effective (p<0.01 or more). In solvent-based results, methanolic, ethanolic, aqueous, and acetone extracts exhibited at least p<0.01 significant effective NO scavenging, but acetone extract was seen to have comparatively less protection (p<0.05) than the other three extracts. Chloroform and benzene extracts, respectively, showed less protection. Samples collected in the summer season showed greater protection than winter and Manson.\u0000Conclusion: This study provided a clear observation of the impact of extraction solvent, concentration of drug, and season of sample collection on in vitro free radical scavenging potential. These data could help provide possible applications for regional plants for medicinal purposes.","PeriodicalId":14188,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"27 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139456059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i1.49569
Bembadi Mukund Reddy, Bheemi Reddy ASHOK REDDY, U. T. Naidu, Akuthota Ashok Kumar, Rajesh Vooturi
Objective: To develop a simple, accurate, precise and linear Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method and verify for the quantitative estimation (Dissolution) of Bromelain in delayed-release tablets. Methods: The optimized RP-HPLC method for both acid and buffer stage dissolutions of delayed-release tablets uses Zorbax 300 SB-C8 column (150 mm X 4.6 mm; 3.5μ), a mobile phase-A of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water and a mobile phase-B of 0.1% Trifluoroacetic acid in Acetonitrile in the gradient proportion, flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, injection volume of 25 µl, detection wavelength of 280 nm using a UV/PDA detector, column temperature of 40 °C, sample tray/compartment temperature of 5 °C and a run time of 20 min. Results: The developed method gave Bromelain eluting at about 6 min. Bromelain exhibited linearity in the range 53.4-800.6 μg/ml (r2=0.99992). The precision is exemplified by relative standard deviation of 1.3 and 2.3% for acid and buffer stages, respectively. Percentage recovery of the drug was found to be between 90.0 and 110.0 during accuracy studies. Conclusion: A simple, accurate, precise, and linear RP-HPLC method was developed and verified for the quantitative estimation (Dissolution) of Bromelain in tablets and hence this method can be explored for the analysis of Bromelain in tablets in various pharmaceutical industries.
{"title":"A SIMPLE RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION OF THE DISSOLUTION OF BROMELAIN-A COMPLEX MIXTURE OF PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES, IN DELAYED-RELEASE TABLETS","authors":"Bembadi Mukund Reddy, Bheemi Reddy ASHOK REDDY, U. T. Naidu, Akuthota Ashok Kumar, Rajesh Vooturi","doi":"10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i1.49569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i1.49569","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To develop a simple, accurate, precise and linear Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method and verify for the quantitative estimation (Dissolution) of Bromelain in delayed-release tablets.\u0000Methods: The optimized RP-HPLC method for both acid and buffer stage dissolutions of delayed-release tablets uses Zorbax 300 SB-C8 column (150 mm X 4.6 mm; 3.5μ), a mobile phase-A of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water and a mobile phase-B of 0.1% Trifluoroacetic acid in Acetonitrile in the gradient proportion, flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, injection volume of 25 µl, detection wavelength of 280 nm using a UV/PDA detector, column temperature of 40 °C, sample tray/compartment temperature of 5 °C and a run time of 20 min.\u0000Results: The developed method gave Bromelain eluting at about 6 min. Bromelain exhibited linearity in the range 53.4-800.6 μg/ml (r2=0.99992). The precision is exemplified by relative standard deviation of 1.3 and 2.3% for acid and buffer stages, respectively. Percentage recovery of the drug was found to be between 90.0 and 110.0 during accuracy studies.\u0000Conclusion: A simple, accurate, precise, and linear RP-HPLC method was developed and verified for the quantitative estimation (Dissolution) of Bromelain in tablets and hence this method can be explored for the analysis of Bromelain in tablets in various pharmaceutical industries.","PeriodicalId":14188,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"30 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139455867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i1.49462
Akash Shivani, Kumar, Umesh Kumar, Akash Kumar
Immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoantibody-mediated condition characterised by an unusually low level of platelets in the bloodstream. When thrombopoiesis was not occurring quickly enough to counteract the increased rate of platelet destruction, rapid antibody-mediated platelet destruction was initially thought to be the cause of ITP. However, recent research has concentrated on the creation of therapies that boost platelet production as it has emerged that insufficient or inadequate platelet production is also a factor in low platelet counts. ITP can be acute or chronic and affects both children and adults. Because the clinical manifestation of ITP can differ greatly from patient to patient, a thorough assessment of the signs and symptoms must be done in order to manage and treat ITP effectively. Due to the lack of data on clinical and laboratory characteristics, the diagnostic method for ITP now relies heavily on a process of exclusion. Obtaining the patient's medical history and conducting a physical examination are common diagnostic techniques used on both children and adults. Patients with suspected ITP have standard laboratory tests, such as a complete blood count and a peripheral blood smear. With various levels of success, a number of specialised laboratory assays have been created. There is still room to streamline and enhance the diagnostic procedure for detecting ITP.
{"title":"IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA: A HAEMATOLOGICAL DISORDER","authors":"Akash Shivani, Kumar, Umesh Kumar, Akash Kumar","doi":"10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i1.49462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i1.49462","url":null,"abstract":"Immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoantibody-mediated condition characterised by an unusually low level of platelets in the bloodstream. When thrombopoiesis was not occurring quickly enough to counteract the increased rate of platelet destruction, rapid antibody-mediated platelet destruction was initially thought to be the cause of ITP. However, recent research has concentrated on the creation of therapies that boost platelet production as it has emerged that insufficient or inadequate platelet production is also a factor in low platelet counts. ITP can be acute or chronic and affects both children and adults. Because the clinical manifestation of ITP can differ greatly from patient to patient, a thorough assessment of the signs and symptoms must be done in order to manage and treat ITP effectively. Due to the lack of data on clinical and laboratory characteristics, the diagnostic method for ITP now relies heavily on a process of exclusion. Obtaining the patient's medical history and conducting a physical examination are common diagnostic techniques used on both children and adults. Patients with suspected ITP have standard laboratory tests, such as a complete blood count and a peripheral blood smear. With various levels of success, a number of specialised laboratory assays have been created. There is still room to streamline and enhance the diagnostic procedure for detecting ITP.","PeriodicalId":14188,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"29 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i1.49568
Nae Mohammed, OA Falabi, UG Okafor, IB Ahmed, MU Bala, F. Muonemeh, IK Anukwu, KC Onuegbu, AN Okeke, Nn Wannang
Objective: Logistics and supply chain management have received global attention since the early 1980s, but this concept is thought to still be unpopular in Nigeria as very little literature exists on it, especially in the pharmaceutical sector. This paper, therefore set out to investigate the human resource capacity and the needs assessment of pharmacists in Nigeria as regards logistics and supply chain management. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacists in Nigeria. A total of 873 pharmacists participated in the study. A well-structured questionnaire was produced, validated, and administered to the registered pharmacists. Results: Out of the 873 retrieved questionnaires, 21 copies were not completely filled and were therefore discarded; hence the 852 completely filled questionnaires were taken as the number of participants in the study. The survey shows that out of the 51.76% pharmacists who have acquired trainings, 18.2% were exposed to supply chain management by virtue of their workplace, while 30.9% were self-trained through conferences and workshops. Also, 98.8% of the respondents were ready to be trained in this emerging field in Nigeria, with only 1.2% declining any interest in supply chain management training. Conclusion: These findings show that there is a low provision for proactive education on supply chain management for pharmacists. However, there is a promising opportunity to introduce such training as the majority of the respondents were receptive to such an innovation. This study may, therefore be useful for policymakers and health professionals to chart the path for the future to ensure adequate and proper delivery of medicines and other health commodities.
{"title":"LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: HUMAN RESOURCE CAPACITY AND TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT OF PHARMACISTS IN NIGERIA","authors":"Nae Mohammed, OA Falabi, UG Okafor, IB Ahmed, MU Bala, F. Muonemeh, IK Anukwu, KC Onuegbu, AN Okeke, Nn Wannang","doi":"10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i1.49568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i1.49568","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Logistics and supply chain management have received global attention since the early 1980s, but this concept is thought to still be unpopular in Nigeria as very little literature exists on it, especially in the pharmaceutical sector. This paper, therefore set out to investigate the human resource capacity and the needs assessment of pharmacists in Nigeria as regards logistics and supply chain management.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacists in Nigeria. A total of 873 pharmacists participated in the study. A well-structured questionnaire was produced, validated, and administered to the registered pharmacists.\u0000Results: Out of the 873 retrieved questionnaires, 21 copies were not completely filled and were therefore discarded; hence the 852 completely filled questionnaires were taken as the number of participants in the study. The survey shows that out of the 51.76% pharmacists who have acquired trainings, 18.2% were exposed to supply chain management by virtue of their workplace, while 30.9% were self-trained through conferences and workshops. Also, 98.8% of the respondents were ready to be trained in this emerging field in Nigeria, with only 1.2% declining any interest in supply chain management training.\u0000Conclusion: These findings show that there is a low provision for proactive education on supply chain management for pharmacists. However, there is a promising opportunity to introduce such training as the majority of the respondents were receptive to such an innovation. This study may, therefore be useful for policymakers and health professionals to chart the path for the future to ensure adequate and proper delivery of medicines and other health commodities.","PeriodicalId":14188,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"21 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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