Pub Date : 2025-11-17Epub Date: 2025-06-30DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2522065
Bakhet A. Alqurashy , Ahmed Iraqi , Shujahadeen B. Aziz
Two novel donor–acceptor copolymers, CDTBT-T and CDTBT-biT, were synthesized via the Stille coupling reaction. Both copolymers incorporate 4,4-bis(4-hexylphenyl)-4H-cyclopentadithiophene (the electron-rich segment) and octyloxy-substituted benzo[c][1, 2, 5]thiadiazole (the electron-deficient segment), where these two segments were linked by either thiophene or bithiophene units as π-bridges. CDTBT-T and CDTBT-biT were designed as donor materials for use in bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs). UV-Vis absorption spectra revealed that CDTBT-T and CDTBT-biT covered broad absorption ranges from 400 to 800 nm with medium optical band gaps of 1.71 eV and 1.74 eV, respectively, which are well-matched with the solar spectrum. Based on cyclic voltammetry, CDTBT-T exhibited a slightly lower HOMO level (–5.10 eV) compared to CDTBT-biT (–5.02 eV), reflecting the slightly stronger electron-donating nature of the bithiophene spacer in CDTBT-biT relative to the single thiophene spacer in CDTBT-T. Both polymers showed good thermal stabilities, as shown from thermogravimetric studies. The XRD analysis revealed that the bithiophene-containing polymer, CDTBT-biT, demonstrated sharper diffraction peaks and formed a more closely packed structure in the solid state. These results demonstrate the potential of CDTBT-T and CDTBT-biT as superior p-type materials for the development of high-efficiency PSCs.
{"title":"Structural, thermal, and optical studies of synthesized donor/acceptor copolymers based on hexylphenyl-functionalized cyclopentadithiophene","authors":"Bakhet A. Alqurashy , Ahmed Iraqi , Shujahadeen B. Aziz","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2522065","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2522065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two novel donor–acceptor copolymers, <strong>CDTBT-T</strong> and <strong>CDTBT-biT</strong>, were synthesized <em>via</em> the Stille coupling reaction. Both copolymers incorporate 4,4-bis(4-hexylphenyl)-4H-cyclopentadithiophene (the electron-rich segment) and octyloxy-substituted benzo[c][1, 2, 5]thiadiazole (the electron-deficient segment), where these two segments were linked by either thiophene or bithiophene units as π-bridges. <strong>CDTBT-T</strong> and <strong>CDTBT-biT</strong> were designed as donor materials for use in bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs). UV-Vis absorption spectra revealed that <strong>CDTBT-T</strong> and <strong>CDTBT-biT</strong> covered broad absorption ranges from 400 to 800 nm with medium optical band gaps of 1.71 eV and 1.74 eV, respectively, which are well-matched with the solar spectrum. Based on cyclic voltammetry, <strong>CDTBT-T</strong> exhibited a slightly lower HOMO level (–5.10 eV) compared to <strong>CDTBT-biT</strong> (–5.02 eV), reflecting the slightly stronger electron-donating nature of the bithiophene spacer in <strong>CDTBT-biT</strong> relative to the single thiophene spacer in <strong>CDTBT-T</strong>. Both polymers showed good thermal stabilities, as shown from thermogravimetric studies. The XRD analysis revealed that the bithiophene-containing polymer, <strong>CDTBT-biT</strong>, demonstrated sharper diffraction peaks and formed a more closely packed structure in the solid state. These results demonstrate the potential of <strong>CDTBT-T</strong> and <strong>CDTBT-biT</strong> as superior p-type materials for the development of high-efficiency PSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 8","pages":"Pages 968-979"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17Epub Date: 2025-05-30DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2506744
Siyamand S. Khasraw , Dyari M. Mamand , Salah R. Saeed , Abdollah Hassanzadeh , Shujahadeen B. Aziz , Omed Gh. Abdullah
Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via the chemical co-precipitation method and incorporated into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix at various concentrations (1, 3, 5, and 7 wt.%). The structural, morphological, magnetic, and optical properties of the nanocomposites were systematically characterized using FTIR, FE-SEM, XRD, UV–vis spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). FTIR analysis revealed that the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs led to notable shifts in the O–H bending vibrational frequencies, suggesting the formation of new hydrogen bonds between the Fe3O4 surface and hydroxyl groups of PVA chains. These interactions potentially alter the overall hydrogen bonding network within the polymer matrix. XRD results showed a gradual decrease in the degree of crystallinity with increasing nanoparticle content, indicating good dispersion and disruption of the semi-crystalline PVA structure. FE-SEM images confirmed the uniform distribution of NPs with minor micro-crack formation, especially at lower doping levels due to weak matrix-filler interactions. VSM measurements demonstrated that the magnetic properties of PVA were significantly enhanced due to the stabilization of Fe3O4 NPs through hydrogen bonding, which also minimized NP agglomeration. UV–vis analysis showed increased optical absorption, a rise in the refractive index, and enhanced optical dielectric constants with increasing Fe3O4 concentration. Additionally, the optical bandgap energy decreased, while the linear (χ(1)) and third-order nonlinear (χ(³)) susceptibilities, along with the nonlinear refractive index (n2), were significantly improved. These results indicate that Fe3O4/PVA nanocomposites are promising materials for magnetic, optical, and optoelectronic applications.
{"title":"Optoelectronic characteristics of PVA: Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposite films","authors":"Siyamand S. Khasraw , Dyari M. Mamand , Salah R. Saeed , Abdollah Hassanzadeh , Shujahadeen B. Aziz , Omed Gh. Abdullah","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2506744","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2506744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via the chemical co-precipitation method and incorporated into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix at various concentrations (1, 3, 5, and 7 wt.%). The structural, morphological, magnetic, and optical properties of the nanocomposites were systematically characterized using FTIR, FE-SEM, XRD, UV–vis spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). FTIR analysis revealed that the incorporation of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs led to notable shifts in the O–H bending vibrational frequencies, suggesting the formation of new hydrogen bonds between the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> surface and hydroxyl groups of PVA chains. These interactions potentially alter the overall hydrogen bonding network within the polymer matrix. XRD results showed a gradual decrease in the degree of crystallinity with increasing nanoparticle content, indicating good dispersion and disruption of the semi-crystalline PVA structure. FE-SEM images confirmed the uniform distribution of NPs with minor micro-crack formation, especially at lower doping levels due to weak matrix-filler interactions. VSM measurements demonstrated that the magnetic properties of PVA were significantly enhanced due to the stabilization of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs through hydrogen bonding, which also minimized NP agglomeration. UV–vis analysis showed increased optical absorption, a rise in the refractive index, and enhanced optical dielectric constants with increasing Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> concentration. Additionally, the optical bandgap energy decreased, while the linear (χ<sup>(1)</sup>) and third-order nonlinear (χ<sup>(</sup>³<sup>)</sup>) susceptibilities, along with the nonlinear refractive index (n<sub>2</sub>), were significantly improved. These results indicate that Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/PVA nanocomposites are promising materials for magnetic, optical, and optoelectronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 8","pages":"Pages 895-925"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17Epub Date: 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2522076
John Duffy , Serena Agostini , Ryan Brown , Candice Majewski , Shona Marsh , Natalie Rudolph
Powdered-polymer additive manufacturing processes, including selective laser sintering, high-speed sintering, and multijet fusion, have seen increasing usage throughout a range of industries, with corresponding requirements for better knowledge of material and component behavior. These processes involve the preheating, and subsequent selective melting, of consecutive layers of powder. Upon completion of the manufacturing process, unmelted powder can be recovered from the build chamber and, depending on its quality, reused for future part manufacture. Powder recovered in such a way can undergo a number of changes as a result of being held at elevated temperatures for extended times during the manufacturing process. Previous research has investigated these effects for polymer powders, with a particular emphasis on the most common polymer additive manufacturing powder, Nylon-12. In this work, we use a variety of characterization techniques, specifically size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and rotational rheometry, to investigate this behavior for a glass-filled nylon-12 material, in order to identify any effects of the glass filler on material changes and on the properties of parts produced using these materials.
{"title":"Investigating the effect of glass filler on the aging behavior of polymer powders for additive manufacturing","authors":"John Duffy , Serena Agostini , Ryan Brown , Candice Majewski , Shona Marsh , Natalie Rudolph","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2522076","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2522076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Powdered-polymer additive manufacturing processes, including selective laser sintering, high-speed sintering, and multijet fusion, have seen increasing usage throughout a range of industries, with corresponding requirements for better knowledge of material and component behavior. These processes involve the preheating, and subsequent selective melting, of consecutive layers of powder. Upon completion of the manufacturing process, unmelted powder can be recovered from the build chamber and, depending on its quality, reused for future part manufacture. Powder recovered in such a way can undergo a number of changes as a result of being held at elevated temperatures for extended times during the manufacturing process. Previous research has investigated these effects for polymer powders, with a particular emphasis on the most common polymer additive manufacturing powder, Nylon-12. In this work, we use a variety of characterization techniques, specifically size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and rotational rheometry, to investigate this behavior for a glass-filled nylon-12 material, in order to identify any effects of the glass filler on material changes and on the properties of parts produced using these materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 8","pages":"Pages 980-992"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17Epub Date: 2025-07-07DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2525214
A. Atta , Reem Altuijri , Nuha Al-Harbi , A. M. A. Henaish
This work is focused on preparing novel composite PEO/Gd2O3, which consists of the polymer (PEO) and the nano-filler gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3). The composites were prepared by the casting solution processes for application in optical devices. The PEO/Gd2O3 were irradiated by hydrogen fluences of 3 × 1017, 6 × 1017, and 9 × 1017 ions/cm2. The impact of ion bombardment on the structure of PEO/Gd2O3 was studied using EDX and FTIR techniques. The FTIR shows the hydrogen irradiation alters the chemical structure by declining FTIR bands of the irradiated samples. The EDX results recorded the presence and good distribution of elements C, O, and Gd in the composite. The contact angle was used to measure the surface’s wettability and adhesion work. By changing the ion fluence from 3 × 1017 to 9 × 1017 ions.cm−2, the contact angle for water is decreased from 85.5° to 72.4° and for diiodomethane from 75.3° to 66.2°. Additionally, the optical properties of the composites were measured by UV/Vis technique at wavelengths from 200 to 1100 nm. The band gap energy increases from 5.6 eV for PEO/Gd2O3, respectively, to 5.39, 5.32, and 5.25 eV for the irradiated composites by 3 × 1017, 6 × 1017, and 9 × 1017 ions/cm2. This study demonstrated that the optical properties of PEO/Gd2O3 films were improved by irradiation, which could lead to the use of their irradiated samples in optical devices.
{"title":"Effects of hydrogen irradiation on the surface wettability and optical properties of PEO/Gd2O3 nanocomposite films","authors":"A. Atta , Reem Altuijri , Nuha Al-Harbi , A. M. A. Henaish","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2525214","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2525214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work is focused on preparing novel composite PEO/Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, which consists of the polymer (PEO) and the nano-filler gadolinium oxide (Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>). The composites were prepared by the casting solution processes for application in optical devices. The PEO/Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> were irradiated by hydrogen fluences of 3 × 10<sup>17</sup>, 6 × 10<sup>17</sup>, and 9 × 10<sup>17</sup> ions/cm<sup>2</sup>. The impact of ion bombardment on the structure of PEO/Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was studied using EDX and FTIR techniques. The FTIR shows the hydrogen irradiation alters the chemical structure by declining FTIR bands of the irradiated samples. The EDX results recorded the presence and good distribution of elements C, O, and Gd in the composite. The contact angle was used to measure the surface’s wettability and adhesion work. By changing the ion fluence from 3 × 10<sup>17</sup> to 9 × 10<sup>17</sup> ions.cm<sup>−2</sup>, the contact angle for water is decreased from 85.5° to 72.4° and for diiodomethane from 75.3° to 66.2°. Additionally, the optical properties of the composites were measured by UV/Vis technique at wavelengths from 200 to 1100 nm. The band gap energy increases from 5.6 eV for PEO/Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, respectively, to 5.39, 5.32, and 5.25 eV for the irradiated composites by 3 × 10<sup>17</sup>, 6 × 10<sup>17</sup>, and 9 × 10<sup>17</sup> ions/cm<sup>2</sup>. This study demonstrated that the optical properties of PEO/Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> films were improved by irradiation, which could lead to the use of their irradiated samples in optical devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 8","pages":"Pages 993-1004"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-03Epub Date: 2025-06-10DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2504562
Shyambabu K. Sainik , Prasanta K. Panda , T.V. Sreekumar
Glutaraldehyde has recently drawn attention as a crosslinking agent for PVA due to its ability to facilitate reactions under ambient conditions. The study focused on comparing the effects of glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, and glyoxal as crosslinking agents for PVA under similar conditions, using different aldehyde-to-PVA ratios (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0). The crosslinking reaction was conducted at 50 °C for a duration of 5 min, to assess the efficiency of crosslinking agents at milder conditions. Initial evaluations focused on determining the water swelling degree, the degree of crosslinking, and moisture uptake of the prepared films under humid conditions. Results demonstrated a high degree of crosslinking: with glutaraldehyde at GA/PVA ratios of 0.6 and 0.8, crosslinking reached 99%. Formaldehyde achieved a crosslinking degree of 97% at an FA/PVA ratio of 0.8, while glyoxal reached 90% at a ratio of 0.2. Among the aldehydes tested, glutaraldehyde exhibited the highest crosslinking efficiency under similar conditions, making it the preferred crosslinker for further characterization studies. FTIR, TGA, and XRD spectra confirmed successful crosslinking between GA and PVA, evidenced by acetal bond formation and changes in the diffraction patterns correlating with increased amorphous character in the PVA films.
{"title":"Fast and energy efficient crosslinking of PVA to make water resistant coating using glutaraldehyde","authors":"Shyambabu K. Sainik , Prasanta K. Panda , T.V. Sreekumar","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2504562","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2504562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glutaraldehyde has recently drawn attention as a crosslinking agent for PVA due to its ability to facilitate reactions under ambient conditions. The study focused on comparing the effects of glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, and glyoxal as crosslinking agents for PVA under similar conditions, using different aldehyde-to-PVA ratios (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0). The crosslinking reaction was conducted at 50 °C for a duration of 5 min, to assess the efficiency of crosslinking agents at milder conditions. Initial evaluations focused on determining the water swelling degree, the degree of crosslinking, and moisture uptake of the prepared films under humid conditions. Results demonstrated a high degree of crosslinking: with glutaraldehyde at GA/PVA ratios of 0.6 and 0.8, crosslinking reached 99%. Formaldehyde achieved a crosslinking degree of 97% at an FA/PVA ratio of 0.8, while glyoxal reached 90% at a ratio of 0.2. Among the aldehydes tested, glutaraldehyde exhibited the highest crosslinking efficiency under similar conditions, making it the preferred crosslinker for further characterization studies. FTIR, TGA, and XRD spectra confirmed successful crosslinking between GA and PVA, evidenced by acetal bond formation and changes in the diffraction patterns correlating with increased amorphous character in the PVA films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 7","pages":"Pages 834-850"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-03Epub Date: 2025-08-07DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2490782
Ramakrishnan S. , Rajeshkannan Sundararajan , V. Ramya , M. Elangovan
An eco-friendly and inventive alternative to cement-based concrete is geopolymer concrete (GPC) due to its reduced carbon footprint, as it completely replaces cement. Despite their environmental benefits, the mechanical performance of GPC is highly sensitive to the mix of proportions and curing conditions, presenting significant challenges in achieving consistent strength. To enhance the strength and mechanical properties of GPC with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a unique approach using Gegenbauer graph neural networks (GGNN) is presented in this work. The main objectives of this study include reducing CO2 emissions. The strength of GPC with NaOH is predicted using GGNN. The GGNN method is also used to analyze the mechanical properties of GPC under different NaOH molarities and different ratios of sodium silicate to NaOH. The proposed method is simulated in MATLAB and is compared with existing methods like long short-term memory (LSTM), artificial neural network (ANN), and back propagation neural network (BPNN). It is found that the oven-cured GPC achieved better mechanical strength compared to the ambient-cured GPC. The proposed model attained the highest compressive strength (CS) of 75.42 MPa along with a high correlation coefficient of 0.9871 compared to the previous studies. In contrast to the existing methods, the proposed model achieved a high prediction accuracy of 98.5% along with a low CO2 emission of 7% demonstrating its superior performance in accurately predicting the mechanical strength and reducing carbon footprints. This indicates the robustness and reliability of the proposed model for optimizing material properties and advancing the field of sustainable construction materials.
{"title":"Enhancing geopolymer concrete strength with sodium hydroxide using Gegenbauer graph neural networks approach","authors":"Ramakrishnan S. , Rajeshkannan Sundararajan , V. Ramya , M. Elangovan","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2490782","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2490782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An eco-friendly and inventive alternative to cement-based concrete is geopolymer concrete (GPC) due to its reduced carbon footprint, as it completely replaces cement. Despite their environmental benefits, the mechanical performance of GPC is highly sensitive to the mix of proportions and curing conditions, presenting significant challenges in achieving consistent strength. To enhance the strength and mechanical properties of GPC with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a unique approach using Gegenbauer graph neural networks (GGNN) is presented in this work. The main objectives of this study include reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The strength of GPC with NaOH is predicted using GGNN. The GGNN method is also used to analyze the mechanical properties of GPC under different NaOH molarities and different ratios of sodium silicate to NaOH. The proposed method is simulated in MATLAB and is compared with existing methods like long short-term memory (LSTM), artificial neural network (ANN), and back propagation neural network (BPNN). It is found that the oven-cured GPC achieved better mechanical strength compared to the ambient-cured GPC. The proposed model attained the highest compressive strength (CS) of 75.42 MPa along with a high correlation coefficient of 0.9871 compared to the previous studies. In contrast to the existing methods, the proposed model achieved a high prediction accuracy of 98.5% along with a low CO<sub>2</sub> emission of 7% demonstrating its superior performance in accurately predicting the mechanical strength and reducing carbon footprints. This indicates the robustness and reliability of the proposed model for optimizing material properties and advancing the field of sustainable construction materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 7","pages":"Pages 761-776"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-03Epub Date: 2025-05-26DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2504553
Rajan Kumaresan , Ngui Wai Keng , Mahendran Samykano , Kumaran Kadirgama , Adarsh Kumar Pandey , Avinash M. Badadhe , Ponnambalam S. G
The field of additive manufacturing is experiencing significant growth, transitioning from primarily serving as a prototyping service to becoming a full-fledged manufacturing service. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) printers have emerged as the predominant 3D printer in the current market landscape, driven by a notable surge in sales. Various industries have widely adopted these processes to manufacture limited quantities of intricate and personalized components. However, finding the optimal process parameters is complex due to inherent conflicts between various factors. One significant drawback of existing literature on selecting the most suitable parameters is the inadequate precision in estimating product quality. In this study, the properties of PLA and PLA/coconut wood (CT.W) are investigated and the appropriate parameters for various mechanical properties are determined. The specimens in this study vary in parameters, including infill pattern (grid, octagram spiral, rectilinear, honeycomb, and concentric) and infill percentage (25%, 50%, and 75%). The findings indicate that PLA and PLA/Ct.W specimens with 75% infill density and concentric infill pattern exhibit higher energy absorption in tensile, flexural, and impact properties. When comparing the properties of the PLA composite, it is observed that they are slightly lower due to the larger size of the coconut wood particles.
{"title":"A comprehensive study on the mechanical qualities of FDM 3D printed coconut wood-polylactic acid composite","authors":"Rajan Kumaresan , Ngui Wai Keng , Mahendran Samykano , Kumaran Kadirgama , Adarsh Kumar Pandey , Avinash M. Badadhe , Ponnambalam S. G","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2504553","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2504553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The field of additive manufacturing is experiencing significant growth, transitioning from primarily serving as a prototyping service to becoming a full-fledged manufacturing service. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) printers have emerged as the predominant 3D printer in the current market landscape, driven by a notable surge in sales. Various industries have widely adopted these processes to manufacture limited quantities of intricate and personalized components. However, finding the optimal process parameters is complex due to inherent conflicts between various factors. One significant drawback of existing literature on selecting the most suitable parameters is the inadequate precision in estimating product quality. In this study, the properties of PLA and PLA/coconut wood (CT.W) are investigated and the appropriate parameters for various mechanical properties are determined. The specimens in this study vary in parameters, including infill pattern (grid, octagram spiral, rectilinear, honeycomb, and concentric) and infill percentage (25%, 50%, and 75%). The findings indicate that PLA and PLA/Ct.W specimens with 75% infill density and concentric infill pattern exhibit higher energy absorption in tensile, flexural, and impact properties. When comparing the properties of the PLA composite, it is observed that they are slightly lower due to the larger size of the coconut wood particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 7","pages":"Pages 777-795"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-03Epub Date: 2025-05-21DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2504554
Ebtesam A. Mohamad , Marwa A. Ramadan , Manal T. H. Moselhey
Membrane technology has garnered a lot of attention as a practical and promising approach to water filtration throughout the last 20 years. The goal of the current research was to create a chitosan-PVA membrane doped with graphene oxide and silver (GO/Ag) nanocomposite for water treatment of acid blue 324 dye. GO/Ag nanocomposite was prepared and characterized by TEM, DLS, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Four types of membranes were prepared; chitosan (Ch), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Ch-PVA ,and chitosan–PVA dropped with GO/Ag. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), UV spectroscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) techniques were used to characterize the fabricated membranes. GO/Ag Ch-PVA membranes are thermally stable, as the melting temperature of the membrane is 337.66 °C. Doping GO/Ag nanocomposite into the Ch-PVA matrix resulted in higher absorption values over the range 200–380 nm, supporting the break down dye soluble in water and acting as a photocatalyst. Dye concentrations in water and the membrane’s adsorption capacity were evaluated at different pH values and initial dye concentrations. The results indicated that compared to Ch-PVA, PVA, and Ch membranes, the GO/Ag Ch-PVA membrane absorbs the dye by 83.1%, 69.5%, and 65.4% more. Additionally, it was discovered that the produced membranes have a higher dye removal efficiency at low pH levels than the basic medium. At pH 2, the dye absorption efficiency of GO/Ag Ch-PVA is higher by 11.47%, 1.78%, and 14.84% when compared to PVA, Ch, and Ch-PVA membranes. Research findings suggested that this fabricated membrane could be an effective dye removal adsorbent.
{"title":"Silver-graphene oxide nanocomposite-doped chitosan/PVA membrane for water treatment of Acid Blue 324 dye","authors":"Ebtesam A. Mohamad , Marwa A. Ramadan , Manal T. H. Moselhey","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2504554","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2504554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane technology has garnered a lot of attention as a practical and promising approach to water filtration throughout the last 20 years. The goal of the current research was to create a chitosan-PVA membrane doped with graphene oxide and silver <strong>(</strong>GO/Ag) nanocomposite for water treatment of acid blue 324 dye. GO/Ag nanocomposite was prepared and characterized by TEM, DLS, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Four types of membranes were prepared; chitosan (Ch), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Ch-PVA ,and chitosan–PVA dropped with GO/Ag. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), UV spectroscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) techniques were used to characterize the fabricated membranes. GO/Ag Ch-PVA membranes are thermally stable, as the melting temperature of the membrane is 337.66 °C. Doping GO/Ag nanocomposite into the Ch-PVA matrix resulted in higher absorption values over the range 200–380 nm, supporting the break down dye soluble in water and acting as a photocatalyst. Dye concentrations in water and the membrane’s adsorption capacity were evaluated at different pH values and initial dye concentrations. The results indicated that compared to Ch-PVA, PVA, and Ch membranes, the GO/Ag Ch-PVA membrane absorbs the dye by 83.1%, 69.5%, and 65.4% more. Additionally, it was discovered that the produced membranes have a higher dye removal efficiency at low pH levels than the basic medium. At pH 2, the dye absorption efficiency of GO/Ag Ch-PVA is higher by 11.47%, 1.78%, and 14.84% when compared to PVA, Ch, and Ch-PVA membranes. Research findings suggested that this fabricated membrane could be an effective dye removal adsorbent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 7","pages":"Pages 796-814"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new chloroacetophenone-based acid-catalyzed terpolymer has been synthesized from vanillylidenacetone/4-hydroxystyryl methyl ketone, formaldehyde, and chloroacetophenone. Characterization of the terpolymer was done by using FTIR and 1H NMR data. Thermal stability/behavior of new terpolymers determined by DSC and TGA. Ultrasonic properties, including ultrasonic velocity, density, adiabatic compressibility, specific acoustic impedance, viscosity, intermolecular free length, and relaxation time, were studied successfully in DMSO. The average molecular weight of the polymer has been reported. The antioxidant property of acetophenone-based terpolymer is reportedly against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), with a 1.66 mg/mL IC50 value. The synthesized terpolymer was used as an epoxy curing agent in a 50% weight ratio, along with DGEBA (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A) resin at 453.15 K. The thermal stability of the epoxy-polymer composite was investigated using a TGA analysis. Chemical stability of the composite was estimated using strong acid (concentrated HCl), saturated NaOH, and NaCl solution. Surface morphology of the epoxy composite was examined using SEM analysis.
{"title":"Synthesis, molecular interactions, and antioxidant properties of a new terpolymer: formation of epoxy-based terpolymer composite on glass","authors":"Muskanbanu Mahebubkhan Baloch , Pravin Narayan Bhalerao , Yogesh T Naliapara , Sumit Kumar Jaiswal , Saad Alkahtani , Sauravendra Kumar Singh , Viral Solanki","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2506738","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2506738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new chloroacetophenone-based acid-catalyzed terpolymer has been synthesized from vanillylidenacetone/4-hydroxystyryl methyl ketone, formaldehyde, and chloroacetophenone. Characterization of the terpolymer was done by using FTIR and <sup>1</sup>H NMR data. Thermal stability/behavior of new terpolymers determined by DSC and TGA. Ultrasonic properties, including ultrasonic velocity, density, adiabatic compressibility, specific acoustic impedance, viscosity, intermolecular free length, and relaxation time, were studied successfully in DMSO. The average molecular weight of the polymer has been reported. The antioxidant property of acetophenone-based terpolymer is reportedly against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), with a 1.66 mg/mL IC<sub>50</sub> value. The synthesized terpolymer was used as an epoxy curing agent in a 50% weight ratio, along with DGEBA (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A) resin at 453.15 K. The thermal stability of the epoxy-polymer composite was investigated using a TGA analysis. Chemical stability of the composite was estimated using strong acid (concentrated HCl), saturated NaOH, and NaCl solution. Surface morphology of the epoxy composite was examined using SEM analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 7","pages":"Pages 877-893"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-03Epub Date: 2025-05-20DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2504559
Parineeta Das , Nirmala Devi
Argemone mexicana (AM) seed oil was extracted using petroleum ether as an effective solvent, with a yield of 20.345%. Alkyd resins derived from AM seed oil were synthesized by the alcoholysis-polyesterification method. By measuring the acid value at different times throughout the reaction, the reaction’s progress was investigated. The oil and resins underwent additional characterization using techniques such as GPC,1H NMR, FT-IR, and GC-MS to determine the molecular weight, structure, and fatty acid composition, respectively. Research was conducted to determine how the presence of maleic anhydride in the resins affected the wettability, anticorrosion, and curing characteristics of the resins and cured films. By mixing alkyd resin with epoxy resin and gradually raising the temperature from 60 °C to 210 °C, the alkyd resins were cured. For several days, alkyd resin-coated mild steel plates demonstrated effective corrosion resistance. The water contact angle (WCA) was measured to assess the wettability of cured films. Higher maleic anhydride content improved performance in paint and surface coatings. Synthetic alkyd resins from AM seed oil showed potential for salt-corrosion resistance, which can be used in marine vessel finishes.
{"title":"Alkyd resins from Argemone mexicana seed oil: synthesis and characterization for use in anticorrosive coating applications","authors":"Parineeta Das , Nirmala Devi","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2504559","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2504559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Argemone mexicana</em> (<em>AM</em>) seed oil was extracted using petroleum ether as an effective solvent, with a yield of 20.345%. Alkyd resins derived from <em>AM</em> seed oil were synthesized by the alcoholysis-polyesterification method. By measuring the acid value at different times throughout the reaction, the reaction’s progress was investigated. The oil and resins underwent additional characterization using techniques such as GPC,<sup>1</sup>H NMR, FT-IR, and GC-MS to determine the molecular weight, structure, and fatty acid composition, respectively. Research was conducted to determine how the presence of maleic anhydride in the resins affected the wettability, anticorrosion, and curing characteristics of the resins and cured films. By mixing alkyd resin with epoxy resin and gradually raising the temperature from 60 °C to 210 °C, the alkyd resins were cured. For several days, alkyd resin-coated mild steel plates demonstrated effective corrosion resistance. The water contact angle (WCA) was measured to assess the wettability of cured films. Higher maleic anhydride content improved performance in paint and surface coatings. Synthetic alkyd resins from <em>AM</em> seed oil showed potential for salt-corrosion resistance, which can be used in marine vessel finishes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 7","pages":"Pages 815-833"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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