Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2024.2449526
Xu Zhang , Rui Han , Qihong Guan , Yan Zhang , Zhi Wang , Hua Xie
Casein-based rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) with different ratios of starch and sepiolite were prepared by a one-step process. Thermogravimetric analysis, CONE analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI) analysis, vertical combustion analysis, and mechanical property analysis were used to explore the thermal stability, flame retardancy, and compressive properties of the modified RPUFs, respectively. The results showed that the initial decomposition temperature and activation energy (E) of RPUF-C5ST2SE3 (5 g casein, 2 g starch, and 3 g sepiolite) were the highest. Under the condition of radiant flux of 50 kW/m2, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), peak smoke production rate (PSPR), and total smoke release (TSR) were reduced by 35.92%, 10.83%, 36.67%, and 18.20%, respectively, compared with the RPUF without flame retardant. By analyzing the carbon residue, it was found that RPUF-C5ST2SE3 had the highest carbon residue and its carbon residue morphology was relatively intact. In addition, the RPUF-C5ST2SE3 had the highest LOI and a UL-94 rating of V-0. At the same time, it also had the best mechanical property. The present experimental results can provide a useful reference for future RPUF flame retardant studies.
{"title":"Thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical properties of casein-based rigid polyurethane foam with starch and sepiolite as fillers","authors":"Xu Zhang , Rui Han , Qihong Guan , Yan Zhang , Zhi Wang , Hua Xie","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2024.2449526","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2024.2449526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Casein-based rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) with different ratios of starch and sepiolite were prepared by a one-step process. Thermogravimetric analysis, CONE analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI) analysis, vertical combustion analysis, and mechanical property analysis were used to explore the thermal stability, flame retardancy, and compressive properties of the modified RPUFs, respectively. The results showed that the initial decomposition temperature and activation energy (E) of RPUF-C5ST2SE3 (5 g casein, 2 g starch, and 3 g sepiolite) were the highest. Under the condition of radiant flux of 50 kW/m<sup>2</sup>, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), peak smoke production rate (PSPR), and total smoke release (TSR) were reduced by 35.92%, 10.83%, 36.67%, and 18.20%, respectively, compared with the RPUF without flame retardant. By analyzing the carbon residue, it was found that RPUF-C5ST2SE3 had the highest carbon residue and its carbon residue morphology was relatively intact. In addition, the RPUF-C5ST2SE3 had the highest LOI and a UL-94 rating of V-0. At the same time, it also had the best mechanical property. The present experimental results can provide a useful reference for future RPUF flame retardant studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 3","pages":"Pages 271-286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2458470
Orkid Coskuner-Weber , Fatma Nilsu Cayli , Vladimir N. Uversky
In the fields of biology and medicine, the development of synthetic polymers that emulate the unique conformational characteristics of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) is of significant interest due to their exceptional structural and conformational versatility. The inherent flexibility of IDPs, arising from their absence of stable three-dimensional structures, enhances their capacity for self-organization, thereby rendering them advantageous for diverse biomedical applications. Intrinsically disordered synthetic polymers hold considerable promise in areas such as drug delivery systems, organ transplantation, artificial organ design, and immune system compatibility. However, advancing the synthesis and characterization methodologies for these polymers, which are derived from the properties of IDPs, remains a critical challenge. This article presents our design strategies for creating intrinsically disordered synthetic polymers tailored for biomedical use. These design methodologies are informed by the attributes of intrinsically disordered proteins and incorporate disorder-promoting oligopeptides.
{"title":"Disordered peptide-based design of intrinsically disordered polymers for biomedical applications","authors":"Orkid Coskuner-Weber , Fatma Nilsu Cayli , Vladimir N. Uversky","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2458470","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2458470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the fields of biology and medicine, the development of synthetic polymers that emulate the unique conformational characteristics of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) is of significant interest due to their exceptional structural and conformational versatility. The inherent flexibility of IDPs, arising from their absence of stable three-dimensional structures, enhances their capacity for self-organization, thereby rendering them advantageous for diverse biomedical applications. Intrinsically disordered synthetic polymers hold considerable promise in areas such as drug delivery systems, organ transplantation, artificial organ design, and immune system compatibility. However, advancing the synthesis and characterization methodologies for these polymers, which are derived from the properties of IDPs, remains a critical challenge. This article presents our design strategies for creating intrinsically disordered synthetic polymers tailored for biomedical use. These design methodologies are informed by the attributes of intrinsically disordered proteins and incorporate disorder-promoting oligopeptides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 3","pages":"Pages 315-363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2024.2446596
F. Vidhyaranyan , Venkatesh K , Jenova I , Karthikeyan Shunmugavel , Madeswaran S
The development of solid polymer electrolytes based on natural gums represents a promising step toward sustainable energy solutions, driven by their abundance, cost-effectiveness, biodegradability, and nontoxic nature. This study primarily focused on the fabrication of a solid polymer electrolyte using almond gum (Amygdalus communis) doped with NH4SCN salt using solution casting method and investigated its impact on ionic conductivity. An ionic conductivity of 1.123 × 10−4 Scm−1 was attained for the membrane with 40 wt% ammonium thiocyanate. Through XRD and FTIR analysis, the amorphous nature and the interaction of certain functional groups with the salt provided insights into its potential for use in sustainable energy systems. Transference number analysis confirmed the major charge carriers present in the polymer electrolyte.
{"title":"Structural and electrochemical properties of NH4SCN-doped almond gum biopolymer electrolytes","authors":"F. Vidhyaranyan , Venkatesh K , Jenova I , Karthikeyan Shunmugavel , Madeswaran S","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2024.2446596","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2024.2446596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of solid polymer electrolytes based on natural gums represents a promising step toward sustainable energy solutions, driven by their abundance, cost-effectiveness, biodegradability, and nontoxic nature. This study primarily focused on the fabrication of a solid polymer electrolyte using almond gum (Amygdalus communis) doped with NH<sub>4</sub>SCN salt using solution casting method and investigated its impact on ionic conductivity. An ionic conductivity of 1.123 × 10<sup>−4</sup> Scm<sup>−1</sup> was attained for the membrane with 40 wt% ammonium thiocyanate. Through XRD and FTIR analysis, the amorphous nature and the interaction of certain functional groups with the salt provided insights into its potential for use in sustainable energy systems. Transference number analysis confirmed the major charge carriers present in the polymer electrolyte.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 3","pages":"Pages 227-240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present work focuses on investigating the complexation of some Group II metal ions and Al3+ with cross-linked polymers containing built-in fragments of 3,5,7,3’,4’-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin). It has been studied how the formation of the polymer complexes manifests itself in IR, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectra of polymers. Additionally, the effect of polymer network structure on the spectral parameters of the complexes was analyzed and compared with the complexation of “free” quercetin not bound to the polymer. When a rigid and dense network is formed, metal ions face restricted access to the complexation centers, resulting in a lower concentration of bound metal ions. Moreover, it was found that unlike complexes of “free” quercetin, the complexes of quercetin-containing polymers with Group II ions exhibit extremely weak fluorescence, whereas the polymeric Al3+ complexes exhibit significant emission. This finding suggests that quercetin-containing polymers may be promising candidates for use as selective polymeric film indicators for detecting aluminum ions in natural and industrial environments.
{"title":"Spectral characterization of polymer complexes based on poly(3,5,7,3’,4’-pentahydroxyflavone) with some ion metals","authors":"Anastasiia Dunaieva , Andrii Voronkin , Dmytro Mishurov , Anatoliy Tatarets , Alexander Roshal","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2024.2449056","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2024.2449056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work focuses on investigating the complexation of some Group II metal ions and Al<sup>3+</sup> with cross-linked polymers containing built-in fragments of 3,5,7,3’,4’-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin). It has been studied how the formation of the polymer complexes manifests itself in IR, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectra of polymers. Additionally, the effect of polymer network structure on the spectral parameters of the complexes was analyzed and compared with the complexation of “free” quercetin not bound to the polymer. When a rigid and dense network is formed, metal ions face restricted access to the complexation centers, resulting in a lower concentration of bound metal ions. Moreover, it was found that unlike complexes of “free” quercetin, the complexes of quercetin-containing polymers with Group II ions exhibit extremely weak fluorescence, whereas the polymeric Al<sup>3+</sup> complexes exhibit significant emission. This finding suggests that quercetin-containing polymers may be promising candidates for use as selective polymeric film indicators for detecting aluminum ions in natural and industrial environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 3","pages":"Pages 255-270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2024.2446597
Wei-Hua Gu , Yu Dai , Yan-Hua Yuan
To solve the problem of the insufficient flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane (RPUF), a new flame retardant, dimethylamine pyrophosphate (DMPY), was introduced into rigid polyurethane foam, and one-step foaming technology was used to prepare RPUF/DMPY composites. Furthermore, the thermal stability, flame retardancy, combustion characteristics, and gas-phase products were analyzed via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimetry (CCT), and thermogravimetric infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The flame-retardant measurements revealed that when the DMPY amount exceeded 20 parts, the LOI of the RPUF/DMPY composites increased to above 23%, and all the samples reached the UL-94 V-0 level. In addition, the peak heat release rate and total heat release values of the RPUF-3 composites prepared with RPUF/DMPY were 192.6 kW/m2 and 19.98 MJ/m2, respectively, which were 35.0% and 29.1% lower than those of the pure RPUF, respectively, and significantly reduced the heat release of the RPUF composites. The analysis of char residue revealed that DMPY can effectively improve the density and graphitization degree of char residue during the combustion process of RPUF/DMPY composites, thereby endowing them with excellent flame-retardant properties. On this basis, the flame-retardant mechanism of the DMPY-based flame retardant RPUF composite material is proposed. This work provides new ideas for the development of new flame retardant PPUF composites.
{"title":"Effect of dimethylamine pyrophosphate on the mechanical, thermal decomposition and flame-retardant properties of rigid polyurethane foams","authors":"Wei-Hua Gu , Yu Dai , Yan-Hua Yuan","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2024.2446597","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2024.2446597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To solve the problem of the insufficient flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane (RPUF), a new flame retardant, dimethylamine pyrophosphate (DMPY), was introduced into rigid polyurethane foam, and one-step foaming technology was used to prepare RPUF/DMPY composites. Furthermore, the thermal stability, flame retardancy, combustion characteristics, and gas-phase products were analyzed via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimetry (CCT), and thermogravimetric infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The flame-retardant measurements revealed that when the DMPY amount exceeded 20 parts, the LOI of the RPUF/DMPY composites increased to above 23%, and all the samples reached the UL-94 V-0 level. In addition, the peak heat release rate and total heat release values of the RPUF-3 composites prepared with RPUF/DMPY were 192.6 kW/m<sup>2</sup> and 19.98 MJ/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively, which were 35.0% and 29.1% lower than those of the pure RPUF, respectively, and significantly reduced the heat release of the RPUF composites. The analysis of char residue revealed that DMPY can effectively improve the density and graphitization degree of char residue during the combustion process of RPUF/DMPY composites, thereby endowing them with excellent flame-retardant properties. On this basis, the flame-retardant mechanism of the DMPY-based flame retardant RPUF composite material is proposed. This work provides new ideas for the development of new flame retardant PPUF composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 3","pages":"Pages 241-254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2024.2438724
Ravi Purbey , Dipjyoti Bora , Chayanika Bharadwaj , Pubali Chetia , Koushik Dutta , Uma Maheswari R , Jayaramudu Jarugala , Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku , Sellamuthu Periyar Selvam
In this study, Kaolinite clay from the North-East Region (NER) of India was blended with bentonite clay and incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) at different concentrations of: 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7 weight% (wt%) through the solvent casting method. The resulting films were characterized by using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the interactions among the various functional groups. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to determine the composites’ structure and crystallinity, while the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to assess the thermal stability of the films. Furthermore, mechanical properties, such as the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation-at-break (%) were evaluated. The maximum tensile strength of 36.9 MPa was attained for the PLA film blended with 7 wt% of clay. However, the elongation-at-break (%) for this specimen was lower when compared to the neat PLA film. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis provided insights into the morphology of the poly(lactic acid)–NER kaolinite/bentonite blend clay nanocomposite films, thereby revealing significant aggregation and agglomeration within the specimen containing the 5 wt% of filler. Moreover, the packaging application of the films developed was evaluated to enhance the shelf life of fresh black grapes. The results revealed that the unpackaged grapes experienced spoilage, while those wrapped in the films (PLA-7%) developed and showed no signs of deterioration after the 14 days of storage at room temperature. These findings suggest that the newly developed nanocomposite films could serve as an effective option for fruits packaging applications.
{"title":"Development of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposite films with kaolin/bentonite blended clay for packaging applications","authors":"Ravi Purbey , Dipjyoti Bora , Chayanika Bharadwaj , Pubali Chetia , Koushik Dutta , Uma Maheswari R , Jayaramudu Jarugala , Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku , Sellamuthu Periyar Selvam","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2024.2438724","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2024.2438724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, <em>Kaolinite clay</em> from the North-East Region (NER) of India was blended with <em>bentonite clay</em> and incorporated into <em>poly(lactic acid) (PLA)</em> at different concentrations of: 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7 weight% (wt%) through the <em>solvent casting method</em>. The resulting films were characterized by using the <em>Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)</em> spectroscopy to investigate the interactions among the various functional groups. The <em>X-ray diffraction (XRD)</em> analysis was performed to determine the composites’ structure and <em>crystallinity</em>, while the <em>thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)</em> was employed to assess the thermal stability of the films. Furthermore, mechanical properties, such as the <em>tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation-at-break</em> (%) were evaluated. The maximum <em>tensile strength</em> of 36.9 MPa was attained for the <em>PLA</em> film blended with 7 wt% of <em>clay</em>. However, the <em>elongation-at-break</em> (%) for this specimen was lower when compared to the neat PLA film. <em>Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM)</em> analysis provided insights into the morphology of the poly(lactic acid)–NER <em>kaolinite/bentonite</em> blend <em>clay</em> nanocomposite films, thereby revealing significant aggregation and <em>agglomeration</em> within the specimen containing the 5 wt% of filler. Moreover, the packaging application of the films developed was evaluated to enhance the shelf life of fresh black grapes. The results revealed that the unpackaged grapes experienced spoilage, while those wrapped in the films (PLA-7%) developed and showed no signs of deterioration after the 14 days of storage at room temperature. These findings suggest that the newly developed nanocomposite films could serve as an effective option for fruits packaging applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 3","pages":"Pages 203-226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2024.2445679
Shikha , Neelam Yadav
1-oxyphospha-4-hydroxymethyl-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (PEPA) was synthesized successfully in producing a PEPA-based monomer having an acrylate group and its polymers. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 1H, and 31P spectra were used to establish their structural integrity. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the limited oxygen index (LOI), and the UL-94 test were used to examine the thermal characteristics and flame retardant behavior of the systems with 15 wt% of flame retardants (PhosPTPU15, Phosphorous functionalized polymer thermoplastic polyurethane). Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), the results reveal that LOI increases from 19% to 27.8% with the incorporation of 15 wt% PhosPTPU15. SEM-EDX was used to evaluate the morphology of the TPU and its blend, which exhibits that with the incorporation of PhosPTPU15 the blend showed compact morphology and supported the condensed phase mechanism of the blends.
{"title":"Effect of pentaerythritol derived phosphorous based bicyclic polymer on the flammability","authors":"Shikha , Neelam Yadav","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2024.2445679","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2024.2445679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>1-oxyphospha-4-hydroxymethyl-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (PEPA) was synthesized successfully in producing a PEPA-based monomer having an acrylate group and its polymers. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), <sup>1</sup>H, and <sup>31</sup>P spectra were used to establish their structural integrity. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the limited oxygen index (LOI), and the UL-94 test were used to examine the thermal characteristics and flame retardant behavior of the systems with 15 wt% of flame retardants (PhosPTPU<sub>15</sub>, Phosphorous functionalized polymer thermoplastic polyurethane). Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), the results reveal that LOI increases from 19% to 27.8% with the incorporation of 15 wt% PhosPTPU<sub>15</sub>. SEM-EDX was used to evaluate the morphology of the TPU and its blend, which exhibits that with the incorporation of PhosPTPU<sub>15</sub> the blend showed compact morphology and supported the condensed phase mechanism of the blends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 3","pages":"Pages 364-375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2477557
Xiaona Liu , Zahraa Sabah Ghnim , Asha Rajiv , Anupam Yadav , Haider Radhi Saud , Aman Shankhyan , Sachin Jaidka , Kamal Kant Joshi , Ayat Hussein Adhab , Morug Salih Mahdi , Aseel Salah Mansoor , Usama Kadem Radi , Nasr Saadoun Abd , Mehrdad Mottaghi , Raed H. C. Alfilh
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is considered a renowned polymer with a semi-crystalline composition that, as a phase change material, is ideal for use in applications of heat energy storage. Recent research suggests that PEG’s thermal conductivity can be significantly improved by incorporating nanoparticles. This study focuses on developing various robust machine learning methods like decision trees, adaptive boosting, ensemble learning, K-nearest neighbors, multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks, convolutional neural networks, and extra trees to accurately assess nano-enhanced PEG thermal conductivity based on PEG molecular weight, temperature, type of nanomaterial, and its concentration. The leverage technique is employed to identify potential outlier data within the collected dataset. Additionally, a sensitivity assessment will be performed to examine the relative impacts of each input parameter on the thermal conductivity. The K-fold cross-validation technique is used in every algorithm to mitigate the overfitting problem during model training. The results indicate that the extra trees (with R2 = 0.9368997, MSE = 0.0003628, AARE% = 3.7075695) and decision tree (with R2 = 0.9374603, MSE = 0.0003596, AARE% = 3.5759954) models are the most accurate in predicting the thermal conductivity of nano-enhanced PEG. These models achieve the highest coefficient of determination (R2) and the lowest error metrics (MSE and AARE%), highlighting their exceptional capacity to recognize intricate patterns and provide accurate forecasts, particularly for forecasting thermal conductivity. Also, it is implied that temperature, molecular weight of PEG, and nanoparticle concentration all tend to increase the thermal conductivity, with nanoparticle concentration being the most effective factor.
{"title":"Accurate modeling of nano-enhanced polyethylene glycol thermal conductivity using soft computing methods: application to thermal energy storage","authors":"Xiaona Liu , Zahraa Sabah Ghnim , Asha Rajiv , Anupam Yadav , Haider Radhi Saud , Aman Shankhyan , Sachin Jaidka , Kamal Kant Joshi , Ayat Hussein Adhab , Morug Salih Mahdi , Aseel Salah Mansoor , Usama Kadem Radi , Nasr Saadoun Abd , Mehrdad Mottaghi , Raed H. C. Alfilh","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2477557","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2477557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is considered a renowned polymer with a semi-crystalline composition that, as a phase change material, is ideal for use in applications of heat energy storage. Recent research suggests that PEG’s thermal conductivity can be significantly improved by incorporating nanoparticles. This study focuses on developing various robust machine learning methods like decision trees, adaptive boosting, ensemble learning, K-nearest neighbors, multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks, convolutional neural networks, and extra trees to accurately assess nano-enhanced PEG thermal conductivity based on PEG molecular weight, temperature, type of nanomaterial, and its concentration. The leverage technique is employed to identify potential outlier data within the collected dataset. Additionally, a sensitivity assessment will be performed to examine the relative impacts of each input parameter on the thermal conductivity. The K-fold cross-validation technique is used in every algorithm to mitigate the overfitting problem during model training. The results indicate that the extra trees (with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9368997, MSE = 0.0003628, AARE% = 3.7075695) and decision tree (with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9374603, MSE = 0.0003596, AARE% = 3.5759954) models are the most accurate in predicting the thermal conductivity of nano-enhanced PEG. These models achieve the highest coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) and the lowest error metrics (MSE and AARE%), highlighting their exceptional capacity to recognize intricate patterns and provide accurate forecasts, particularly for forecasting thermal conductivity. Also, it is implied that temperature, molecular weight of PEG, and nanoparticle concentration all tend to increase the thermal conductivity, with nanoparticle concentration being the most effective factor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 4","pages":"Pages 457-484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2477562
K. Nijandhan , R. Muralikannan , Deepak B. Thimiri Govinda Raj , E. L. Pradeesh
This investigation focused on identifying the effect of fiber parameters (fiber length, fiber weight) on the mechanical properties of pretreated caster fiber-reinforced polyester composites. The composite plates were fabricated using the hand layup technique by varying the fiber length and fiber content in polyester matrix composites. The tensile, flexural, and impact tests were conducted as per ASTM standards. Fracture mechanism was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. It is found that the highest tensile (20.8 MPa), flexural (46.4 MPa), and impact (38.2 kJ/m2) strengths of composites with 30 mm fiber length and 40% fiber wt. content. The regression equation was formulated and optimum fiber parameters for better mechanical properties were identified using response surface methodology and pattern search optimization algorithm. This study confirms that caster fiber-reinforced polyester composites were used to lightweight engineering applications.
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The development of sustainable polymerization methods is essential for promoting green chemistry and minimizing environmental impact. This manuscript discusses the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), which resulted in a number-average molecular weight of and polydispersity of , using a natural anionic catalyst. The yield of the polymerization is influenced by the ratio of Maghnite-Na + to monomer weight and the duration of the reaction. A yield of 65% was achieved with a maghnite-Na+/monomer weight ratio of 10% after 8 h of polymerizing methyl methacrylateMMA. Additionally, a new copolymer of propylene oxide (PO) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) was synthesized through cationic polymerization. This copolymerization was conducted in bulk at a temperature of 20 °C. The yield of the copolymerization depends on the amount of maghnite-H+ used and the length of the reaction time. This modification provides a nontoxic and effective proton source for the cationic polymerization of various vinylic and heterocyclic monomers. The highest yield of the copolymer was obtained using Algerian montmorillonite modified with 0.25 M H2SO4. The structures of the synthesized products were confirmed through 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis.
发展可持续的聚合方法对于促进绿色化学和减少对环境的影响至关重要。本文讨论了在天然阴离子催化剂下，甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的数平均分子量为Mn¯=52400g/mol，多分散性为Ip=1.4。聚合反应的产率受镁铁钠离子与单体质量的比例和反应时间的影响。甲基丙烯酸甲酯emma聚合8 h后，马镁石- na +/单体质量比为10%，收率为65%。此外，还通过阳离子聚合合成了环氧丙烷（PO）与甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的共聚物。该共聚反应在20℃的温度下进行。共聚收率取决于镁铁氢离子的用量和反应时间的长短。这种改性为各种乙烯基和杂环单体的阳离子聚合提供了无毒有效的质子源。用0.25 M H2SO4改性阿尔及利亚蒙脱土，共聚物收率最高。通过1H-NMR、13C-NMR、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）和差示扫描量热（DSC）分析对合成产物的结构进行了确证。
{"title":"A green chemistry of the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and a new copolymer of propylene oxide (PO) using natural catalysts","authors":"Mohamed Benadda , Karima Oussadi , Boumediene Haddou , Asmaa Benettayeb , Basant Lal , Soumya Ghosh , Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2474015","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2474015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of sustainable polymerization methods is essential for promoting green chemistry and minimizing environmental impact. This manuscript discusses the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), which resulted in a number-average molecular weight of <span><math><mrow><mrow><mrow><mrow><mover><mrow><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></mrow></mrow></mrow><mo>=</mo><mn>52</mn><mo></mo><mn>400</mn><mo></mo><mi>g</mi><mo>/</mo><mtext>mol</mtext></math></span> and polydispersity of <span><math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow><mo>=</mo><mn>1.4</mn></math></span>, using a natural anionic catalyst. The yield of the polymerization is influenced by the ratio of Maghnite-Na + to monomer weight and the duration of the reaction. A yield of 65% was achieved with a maghnite-Na+/monomer weight ratio of 10% after 8 h of polymerizing methyl methacrylateMMA. Additionally, a new copolymer of propylene oxide (PO) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) was synthesized through cationic polymerization. This copolymerization was conducted in bulk at a temperature of 20 °C. The yield of the copolymerization depends on the amount of maghnite-H<sup>+</sup> used and the length of the reaction time. This modification provides a nontoxic and effective proton source for the cationic polymerization of various vinylic and heterocyclic monomers. The highest yield of the copolymer was obtained using Algerian montmorillonite modified with 0.25 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. The structures of the synthesized products were confirmed through <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, <sup>13</sup>C-NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 4","pages":"Pages 441-456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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