Pub Date : 2026-01-02Epub Date: 2025-07-30DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2531053
Hijran S. Ibrahimova , Tahir D. Ibragimov
Composites based on polypropylene and ZrO2 nanoparticles (concentration of 3 vol.%), at which the highest electret properties are observed, are studied by the thermally stimulated depolarization (TSD) current method after treatment of electrostatic field with different intensities (5·106 V/m,107 V/m and 1.5·107 V/m). The measurement of TSD currents revealed the presence of two main peaks in the spectra of the nanocomposite at 25–35 °C and 120–140 °C. They appear as a result of the destruction of one or another category of traps of injected charges. Calculations have shown that there is a monomolecular mechanism of charge recombination in these nanocomposites. It is shown that increasing the applied electric field leads to an increase in the intensity of the thermograms, reaching a maximum at 107 V/m and then decreasing at 1.5·107 V/m. The activation energy, the total accumulated charge, and the relaxation time have a similar behavior. It is due to the increase in injected charges. The formation of an internal electric field prevents this process when the external electric field intensity is higher.
{"title":"Study of the effect of electric field on the charge states of polypropylene doped with ZrO2 nanoparticles by the TSD method","authors":"Hijran S. Ibrahimova , Tahir D. Ibragimov","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2531053","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2531053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composites based on polypropylene and ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (concentration of 3 vol.%), at which the highest electret properties are observed, are studied by the thermally stimulated depolarization (TSD) current method after treatment of electrostatic field with different intensities (5·10<sup>6</sup> V/m,10<sup>7</sup> V/m and 1.5·10<sup>7</sup> V/m). The measurement of TSD currents revealed the presence of two main peaks in the spectra of the nanocomposite at 25–35 °C and 120–140 °C. They appear as a result of the destruction of one or another category of traps of injected charges. Calculations have shown that there is a monomolecular mechanism of charge recombination in these nanocomposites. It is shown that increasing the applied electric field leads to an increase in the intensity of the thermograms, reaching a maximum at 10<sup>7</sup> V/m and then decreasing at 1.5·10<sup>7</sup> V/m. The activation energy, the total accumulated charge, and the relaxation time have a similar behavior. It is due to the increase in injected charges. The formation of an internal electric field prevents this process when the external electric field intensity is higher.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"31 1","pages":"Pages 116-128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02Epub Date: 2025-09-02DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2547902
Jinping Pan , Zhen Wang , Chaoming Zhu , Lianjiang Tan
This study investigates the detection of cold weld defects in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe butt fusion joints using a microwave resonant probe integrated with a vector network analyzer (VNA). Cold weld defects, caused by insufficient heating or fusion pressure during the welding process, compromise the mechanical integrity of HDPE joints and threaten the safety of gas networks. The proposed microwave nondestructive testing (NDT) system converts the material’s effects on antenna radiation into changes in the resonant cavity’s parameters, providing high detection sensitivity. Variations in fusion temperature (170–220 °C) and pressure (0.47–0.78 MPa) lead to distinct responses of a resonance curve, i.e., changes in the S21 magnitude of the resonance peak. Tensile tests, true density analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) further confirm that cold weld defects degrade the mechanical properties, reduce structural compactness, and lower crystallinity of the joints. This study highlights that microwave detection is a reliable and efficient method for identifying cold weld defects and evaluating joint quality, offering a practical solution for HDPE pipeline integrity assessment.
{"title":"Microwave resonant probe-based nondestructive detection of cold weld defects in HDPE pipe butt fusion joints","authors":"Jinping Pan , Zhen Wang , Chaoming Zhu , Lianjiang Tan","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2547902","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2547902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the detection of cold weld defects in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe butt fusion joints using a microwave resonant probe integrated with a vector network analyzer (VNA). Cold weld defects, caused by insufficient heating or fusion pressure during the welding process, compromise the mechanical integrity of HDPE joints and threaten the safety of gas networks. The proposed microwave nondestructive testing (NDT) system converts the material’s effects on antenna radiation into changes in the resonant cavity’s parameters, providing high detection sensitivity. Variations in fusion temperature (170–220 °C) and pressure (0.47–0.78 MPa) lead to distinct responses of a resonance curve, i.e., changes in the S<sub>21</sub> magnitude of the resonance peak. Tensile tests, true density analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) further confirm that cold weld defects degrade the mechanical properties, reduce structural compactness, and lower crystallinity of the joints. This study highlights that microwave detection is a reliable and efficient method for identifying cold weld defects and evaluating joint quality, offering a practical solution for HDPE pipeline integrity assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"31 1","pages":"Pages 75-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02Epub Date: 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2546926
Wanderleia Monteiro de Souza , Taisa Lorene Sampaio Farias , Ariamna María Dip Gandarilla , Jéssica Feitosa Cunha , Tatiane Pereira de Souza , Walter Ricardo Brito , Carina Toda , Nikeila Chacon de Oliveira Conde
This study aimed to develop and characterize polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes modified with Libidibia ferrea L. (Jucá) extract and cellulose acetate (CA) for potential dental applications. Four groups of membranes were fabricated using the electrospinning technique: PCL, PCL+CA, PCL+Jucá, and PCL+CA+Jucá. The surface morphology of the membranes was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the surface wettability was assessed to determine whether the membranes were hydrophobic or hydrophilic. The in vitro release of the Jucá extract from the membranes was quantified using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry. The release of bioactive compounds from the PCL+Jucá system was monitored in the 200–500 nm range, with absorbance at 211 nm. The data were fitted to classical release models when the Korsmeyer-Peppas model provided the best fit (R2 = 0.974), and the release exponent (n = 0.213) suggested a Fickian diffusion-controlled mechanism. Shapiro-Wilk tests confirmed normal data distribution for morphological analysis, which was further evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test (significance 5%). The mean fiber diameter (MD) was found to be 1.40 ± 0.55 μm for PCL and 1.23 ± 0.59 μm for PCL+Jucá, showing no statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). In comparison, PCL+CA membranes had an MD of 0.94 ± 0.34 μm, while the PCL+CA+Jucá had an MD of 1.65 ± 1.05 μm, indicating significant differences compared to the PCL and PCL+Jucá groups (p < 0.001). The addition of Jucá and CA altered surface characteristics, notably reducing the contact angle and enhancing hydrophilicity. PCL+Jucá membrane was the only one that demonstrated a controlled release profile in the release study. Among all tested formulations, the PCL+Jucá membranes displayed the most promising results, suggesting strong potential for use as drug delivery systems in oral health applications.
{"title":"Development of PCL/cellulose acetate blended membranes and modified with Libidibia ferrea extract","authors":"Wanderleia Monteiro de Souza , Taisa Lorene Sampaio Farias , Ariamna María Dip Gandarilla , Jéssica Feitosa Cunha , Tatiane Pereira de Souza , Walter Ricardo Brito , Carina Toda , Nikeila Chacon de Oliveira Conde","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2546926","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2546926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to develop and characterize polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes modified with <em>Libidibia ferrea</em> L. (Jucá) extract and cellulose acetate (CA) for potential dental applications. Four groups of membranes were fabricated using the electrospinning technique: PCL, PCL+CA, PCL+Jucá, and PCL+CA+Jucá. The surface morphology of the membranes was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the surface wettability was assessed to determine whether the membranes were hydrophobic or hydrophilic. The <em>in vitro</em> release of the Jucá extract from the membranes was quantified using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry. The release of bioactive compounds from the PCL+Jucá system was monitored in the 200–500 nm range, with absorbance at 211 nm. The data were fitted to classical release models when the Korsmeyer-Peppas model provided the best fit (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.974), and the release exponent (<em>n</em> = 0.213) suggested a Fickian diffusion-controlled mechanism. <em>Shapiro-Wilk</em> tests confirmed normal data distribution for morphological analysis, which was further evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test (significance 5%). The mean fiber diameter (MD) was found to be 1.40 ± 0.55 μm for PCL and 1.23 ± 0.59 μm for PCL+Jucá, showing no statistically significant difference (<em>p</em> < 0.001). In comparison, PCL+CA membranes had an MD of 0.94 ± 0.34 μm, while the PCL+CA+Jucá had an MD of 1.65 ± 1.05 μm, indicating significant differences compared to the PCL and PCL+Jucá groups (<em>p</em> < 0.001). The addition of Jucá and CA altered surface characteristics, notably reducing the contact angle and enhancing hydrophilicity. PCL+Jucá membrane was the only one that demonstrated a controlled release profile in the release study. Among all tested formulations, the PCL+Jucá membranes displayed the most promising results, suggesting strong potential for use as drug delivery systems in oral health applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"31 1","pages":"Pages 39-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02Epub Date: 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2527180
Swati A. Sonawane , Ravindra D. Kulkarni , Tushar D. Deshpande
We have correlated rheological properties with porosity for elastomeric porous PDMS thin films following percolation theory. Elastomeric porous PDMS thin films (EPTfs) were fabricated using water as the porogen and subsequently characterized for their surface and bulk pore morphologies by FESEM; estimation of their relative crosslinking extent was performed by infrared (FTIR), and toluene absorptions (swelling index) and thermal stability (TGA analysis). FTIR and toluene absorptions both exhibited increments in the hydrosilyl group (Si-H) conversion to Si-CH2-CH2- linkage with increasing porogen addition. TGA analysis showed a slight decrease in thermal stabilities of EPTfs as compared to non-porous PDMS film. Tracking the rheological analysis, the storage factor (ratio of the storage modulus to the loss modulus) of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based elastomeric porous thin films (EPT films) is related to the porosity of the films. The percolation theory was found to correlate well with the storage factor and porosity dependence of PDMS-based EPT films in the porosity range of 0.347–0.560.
{"title":"On percolation model for elastomeric porous thin films","authors":"Swati A. Sonawane , Ravindra D. Kulkarni , Tushar D. Deshpande","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2527180","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2527180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We have correlated rheological properties with porosity for elastomeric porous PDMS thin films following percolation theory. Elastomeric porous PDMS thin films (EPTfs) were fabricated using water as the porogen and subsequently characterized for their surface and bulk pore morphologies by FESEM; estimation of their relative crosslinking extent was performed by infrared (FTIR), and toluene absorptions (swelling index) and thermal stability (TGA analysis). FTIR and toluene absorptions both exhibited increments in the hydrosilyl group (Si-H) conversion to Si-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>- linkage with increasing porogen addition. TGA analysis showed a slight decrease in thermal stabilities of EPTfs as compared to non-porous PDMS film. Tracking the rheological analysis, the storage factor (ratio of the storage modulus to the loss modulus) of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based elastomeric porous thin films (EPT films) is related to the porosity of the films. The percolation theory was found to correlate well with the storage factor <span><math><mo>(</mo><mrow><mrow><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></mrow><mrow><mtext>G”</mtext></mrow></mfrac></mrow></mrow></mrow><mo>)</mo></math></span> and porosity dependence of PDMS-based EPT films in the porosity range of 0.347–0.560.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"31 1","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02Epub Date: 2025-08-18DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2544861
A. Atta , Reem Altuijri , Nuha Al-Harbi , A. M. Abdel Reheem
In this work, the nanocomposite (PVA/NaI), which consists of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium iodide particles (NaI) was prepared using the solution casting method for application in optoelectronic devices. The PVA/NaI samples were subjected to nitrogen plasma with varying durations of 15 to 30, 45, and 60 min. The samples were analyzed using the EDX and FTIR methods. The data of the EDX confirmed the successful preparation of the PVA/NaI composites. The optical properties were investigated using the Wemple and Di-Domenico method. The optical absorption edge has decreased from 2.76 eV for PVA/NaI to 2.72, 2.67, 2.65, and 2.61 eV, respectively, for samples subjected to 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. In addition, the band gap decreased from 3.02 eV to 3.0, 2.96, 2.94, and 2.92 eV, respectively. Moreover, the contact angle, the adhesion work, and the surface free energy were determined for the pure and irradiated PVA/NaI composite. The water contact angle drops from 77.34° for PVA/NaI to 42.52° when the duration time is raised to 60 min, but the adhesion work goes up from 87.90 mJ/m2 to 125.32 mJ/m2. The use of plasma as a non-chemical, clean method for modifying the optical and structural properties of samples is the novelty of this work. According to the findings, the irradiated films have more potential for usage in optoelectronics.
{"title":"Influence of irradiation on modifying the surface wettability and optical characteristics of flexible polymer composite films for optoelectronic devices","authors":"A. Atta , Reem Altuijri , Nuha Al-Harbi , A. M. Abdel Reheem","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2544861","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2544861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the nanocomposite (PVA/NaI), which consists of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium iodide particles (NaI) was prepared using the solution casting method for application in optoelectronic devices. The PVA/NaI samples were subjected to nitrogen plasma with varying durations of 15 to 30, 45, and 60 min. The samples were analyzed using the EDX and FTIR methods. The data of the EDX confirmed the successful preparation of the PVA/NaI composites. The optical properties were investigated using the Wemple and Di-Domenico method. The optical absorption edge has decreased from 2.76 eV for PVA/NaI to 2.72, 2.67, 2.65, and 2.61 eV, respectively, for samples subjected to 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. In addition, the band gap decreased from 3.02 eV to 3.0, 2.96, 2.94, and 2.92 eV, respectively. Moreover, the contact angle, the adhesion work, and the surface free energy were determined for the pure and irradiated PVA/NaI composite. The water contact angle drops from 77.34° for PVA/NaI to 42.52° when the duration time is raised to 60 min, but the adhesion work goes up from 87.90 mJ/m<sup>2</sup> to 125.32 mJ/m<sup>2</sup>. The use of plasma as a non-chemical, clean method for modifying the optical and structural properties of samples is the novelty of this work. According to the findings, the irradiated films have more potential for usage in optoelectronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"31 1","pages":"Pages 27-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02Epub Date: 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2531052
Murugan R. , Kannan S. , Karthikeyan S. , Venkatesh K. , Jenova I.
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are greatly favored over liquid electrolytes in electrochemical cells because of their benefits, which include low flammability, ease of production, flexibility, leak-proofness, and interface compatibility. Improving ionic conductivity and electrode-electrolyte compatibility are the primary concerns of the polymer electrolytes used in solid-state batteries. This study focuses on optimizing the concentration of ammonium thiocyanate to achieve maximum ionic (proton) conductivity within the prepared polymer medium of cellulose acetate mixed with rosin gum. The synthesized electrolyte films were systematically tailored and evaluated for their electrochemical suitability in battery applications. The highest ionic conductivity of 7.39 × 10−4 S cm−1 was achieved for the composition containing rosin gum (1.4 g), cellulose acetate (0.6 g), and ammonium thiocyanate (0.4 g). In addition to the ion-conductivity studies of the prepared electrolytes with different dopant-salt concentrations, their structural, thermal, and electrochemical characterizations have also been carried out. The amorphous nature of the synthesized films and the salt’s dissolution in the polymer matrix were shown by the X-ray diffraction patterns. The complexation of salt with the polymer-gum blend network has been verified by FTIR spectroscopy. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) of the synthesized electrolyte showed electrochemical stability up to 2.0 V. Thermogravimetry analysis verified that the SPE membrane remained stable at temperatures up to 200 °C. Using a variety of resistive loads, discharge characteristics for the highest conductive membrane have been studied.
在电化学电池中，固体聚合物电解质（spe）比液体电解质更受青睐，因为它们具有低可燃性、易于生产、柔韧性、防泄漏和界面兼容性等优点。提高离子电导率和电极-电解质相容性是用于固态电池的聚合物电解质的主要关注点。本研究的重点是优化硫氰酸铵的浓度，使其在制备的醋酸纤维素与松香胶混合的聚合物介质中获得最大的离子（质子）电导率。系统地定制了合成的电解质薄膜，并评估了它们在电池应用中的电化学适用性。在含有松香胶（1.4 g）、醋酸纤维素（0.6 g）和硫氰酸铵（0.4 g）的组合物中，离子电导率最高，为7.39 × 10−4 S cm−1。除了对不同掺杂盐浓度制备的电解质进行离子电导率研究外，还对其进行了结构、热学和电化学表征。x射线衍射图显示了合成膜的无定形性质和盐在聚合物基体中的溶解。用红外光谱验证了盐与聚合物-胶共混网络的络合作用。合成电解质的线性扫描伏安（LSV）测试结果表明，其电化学稳定性可达2.0 V。热重分析证实，SPE膜在高达200°C的温度下保持稳定。在各种电阻性负载下，研究了最高导电膜的放电特性。
{"title":"The electrical properties of NH4SCN (ammonium thiocyanate) ion in combination with natural gum rosin and cellulose acetate blend for solid polymer electrolyte","authors":"Murugan R. , Kannan S. , Karthikeyan S. , Venkatesh K. , Jenova I.","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2531052","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2531052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are greatly favored over liquid electrolytes in electrochemical cells because of their benefits, which include low flammability, ease of production, flexibility, leak-proofness, and interface compatibility. Improving ionic conductivity and electrode-electrolyte compatibility are the primary concerns of the polymer electrolytes used in solid-state batteries. This study focuses on optimizing the concentration of ammonium thiocyanate to achieve maximum ionic (proton) conductivity within the prepared polymer medium of cellulose acetate mixed with rosin gum. The synthesized electrolyte films were systematically tailored and evaluated for their electrochemical suitability in battery applications. The highest ionic conductivity of 7.39 × 10<sup>−4</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> was achieved for the composition containing rosin gum (1.4 g), cellulose acetate (0.6 g), and ammonium thiocyanate (0.4 g). In addition to the ion-conductivity studies of the prepared electrolytes with different dopant-salt concentrations, their structural, thermal, and electrochemical characterizations have also been carried out. The amorphous nature of the synthesized films and the salt’s dissolution in the polymer matrix were shown by the X-ray diffraction patterns. The complexation of salt with the polymer-gum blend network has been verified by FTIR spectroscopy. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) of the synthesized electrolyte showed electrochemical stability up to 2.0 V. Thermogravimetry analysis verified that the SPE membrane remained stable at temperatures up to 200 °C. Using a variety of resistive loads, discharge characteristics for the highest conductive membrane have been studied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"31 1","pages":"Pages 13-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17Epub Date: 2025-09-03DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2550565
A. Atta , Reem Altuijri , Nuha Al-Harbi , M. M. Abdelhamied
In this work, the P(4-CAni)/(g-C3N4) films, which are composed of poly 4-chloroaniline P(4-CAni) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), were successfully prepared utilizing the oxidative polymerization method. The EDX, TEM, and FTIR proved that the P(4-CAni)/(g-C3N4) nanocomposite was successfully synthesized. The EDX showed the chemical compositions of the elements C, N, O, S, and Cl in the fabricated composite P(4-ClAni)/g-C3N4. Moreover, the TEM shows the P(4-ClAni) nanoparticles have nanosheet sizes in a range of 20–30 nm, while the g-C3N4 is in the range of 62–85 nm. The surface free energy rose from 22.22 mJ/m2 for P(4-ClAni) to 40.67 mJ/m2 for P(4-ClAni)/g-C3N4, and the water contact angle reduced from 90.8° to 67.2°. By mixing P(4-ClAni) with 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% of g-C3N4, the band tail energy is enhanced from 0.85 eV for P(4-ClAni) to 1.58 eV, 2.15 eV, and 2.70 eV, correspondingly, while the energy gap is reduced from 3.67 eV to 3.48, 3.34, and 3.13 eV. This study confirmed the P(4-ClAni)/g-C3N4 composite films can be used as optical materials for flexible electronic devices.
{"title":"Structural and surface characteristics of P(4-CAni)/g-C3N4 nanocomposite films for optoelectronic devices","authors":"A. Atta , Reem Altuijri , Nuha Al-Harbi , M. M. Abdelhamied","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2550565","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2550565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the P(4-CAni)/(g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) films, which are composed of poly 4-chloroaniline P(4-CAni) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>), were successfully prepared utilizing the oxidative polymerization method. The EDX, TEM, and FTIR proved that the P(4-CAni)/(g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) nanocomposite was successfully synthesized. The EDX showed the chemical compositions of the elements C, N, O, S, and Cl in the fabricated composite P(4-ClAni)/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. Moreover, the TEM shows the P(4-ClAni) nanoparticles have nanosheet sizes in a range of 20–30 nm, while the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> is in the range of 62–85 nm. The surface free energy rose from 22.22 mJ/m<sup>2</sup> for P(4-ClAni) to 40.67 mJ/m<sup>2</sup> for P(4-ClAni)/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4,</sub> and the water contact angle reduced from 90.8° to 67.2°. By mixing P(4-ClAni) with 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, the band tail energy is enhanced from 0.85 eV for P(4-ClAni) to 1.58 eV, 2.15 eV, and 2.70 eV, correspondingly, while the energy gap is reduced from 3.67 eV to 3.48, 3.34, and 3.13 eV. This study confirmed the P(4-ClAni)/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> composite films can be used as optical materials for flexible electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 8","pages":"Pages 1005-1019"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17Epub Date: 2025-06-03DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2510972
M. Ali , R. A. M. Rizk , Z. I. Ali , I. E. Hassan , A. M. Abdul-Kader
Nowadays, improve the surface properties of polymeric materials for different applications become an important issue. This study involved the exposure of low-density polyethylene/ethylene diene propylene dine (LDPE/EPDM) blend to various fluencies of 130 keV He and 320 keV Ar ions ranging from 1 x 1013 to 2 x 1016 ions.cm−2. LDPE/EPDM polymer blend structural changes have been examined using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectrophotometry techniques. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis has been done to find out what elements are present at the surface of LDPE/EPDM blends. The surface wettability, surface free energy, and spreading coefficient variations in LDPE/EPDM polymer blends subjected to ion beam bombardments have been investigated. The results of UV-Vis spectra demonstrated that increasing ion beam fluencies caused an increase in the optical absorption and red shift of the absorption edge which indicates a decrease in optical band gap. With an increase in the ion beam fluencies, a striking improvement was demonstrated in surface wettability, surface-free energy, and adhesion work for the bombarded LDPE/EPDM blends. These results demonstrated that ion-beam bombardment is an efficient technique to improvement the polymer surface properties for different technologies.
{"title":"Tailoring surface properties of LDPE/EPDM blends via ion-beam bombardment","authors":"M. Ali , R. A. M. Rizk , Z. I. Ali , I. E. Hassan , A. M. Abdul-Kader","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2510972","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2510972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, improve the surface properties of polymeric materials for different applications become an important issue. This study involved the exposure of low-density polyethylene/ethylene diene propylene dine (LDPE/EPDM) blend to various fluencies of 130 keV He and 320 keV Ar ions ranging from 1 x 10<sup>13</sup> to 2 x 10<sup>16</sup> ions.cm<sup>−2</sup>. LDPE/EPDM polymer blend structural changes have been examined using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectrophotometry techniques. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis has been done to find out what elements are present at the surface of LDPE/EPDM blends. The surface wettability, surface free energy, and spreading coefficient variations in LDPE/EPDM polymer blends subjected to ion beam bombardments have been investigated. The results of UV-Vis spectra demonstrated that increasing ion beam fluencies caused an increase in the optical absorption and red shift of the absorption edge which indicates a decrease in optical band gap. With an increase in the ion beam fluencies, a striking improvement was demonstrated in surface wettability, surface-free energy, and adhesion work for the bombarded LDPE/EPDM blends. These results demonstrated that ion-beam bombardment is an efficient technique to improvement the polymer surface properties for different technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 8","pages":"Pages 926-937"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17Epub Date: 2025-06-05DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2512840
A. G. Boborodea , S. O’Donohue , A. Brookes , F. Zieschang , A. T. Boborodea
Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) are two powerful analytical techniques that have been used in polymer chemistry for decades. GPC can separate polymers based on their molecular weights, while FTIR can identify the functional groups present in the macromolecular chain. The main benefit of coupling GPC and FTIR is that they complement each other to provide a deeper insight into the molecular weight distribution and chemical composition of challenging polymers. Although over the last 60 years sporadic papers have been published on coupling the GPC with FTIR using a flow cell, the method has not gained widespread acceptance. This was largely due to the challenges associated with creating an interface to effectively combine both techniques without compromising their performance. Furthermore, the studies were done on in-house built instruments using components from various providers, as none of the major analytical laboratory equipment manufacturers had a specific program in place to support the development of GPC-FTIR technology. Here we present the development of a GPC-FTIR instrument based exclusively on Agilent Technologies components, with an improved design of the flow cell aimed at boosting signal-to-noise ratio and minimizing peak width. The system’s performance was evaluated by analyzing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) samples with narrow and broad molecular weight distributions.
{"title":"Improved flow cell design for a more performant Gel Permeation Chromatography – Fourier Transform infrared (GPC-FTIR) analysis","authors":"A. G. Boborodea , S. O’Donohue , A. Brookes , F. Zieschang , A. T. Boborodea","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2512840","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2512840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) are two powerful analytical techniques that have been used in polymer chemistry for decades. GPC can separate polymers based on their molecular weights, while FTIR can identify the functional groups present in the macromolecular chain. The main benefit of coupling GPC and FTIR is that they complement each other to provide a deeper insight into the molecular weight distribution and chemical composition of challenging polymers. Although over the last 60 years sporadic papers have been published on coupling the GPC with FTIR using a flow cell, the method has not gained widespread acceptance. This was largely due to the challenges associated with creating an interface to effectively combine both techniques without compromising their performance. Furthermore, the studies were done on in-house built instruments using components from various providers, as none of the major analytical laboratory equipment manufacturers had a specific program in place to support the development of GPC-FTIR technology. Here we present the development of a GPC-FTIR instrument based exclusively on Agilent Technologies components, with an improved design of the flow cell aimed at boosting signal-to-noise ratio and minimizing peak width. The system’s performance was evaluated by analyzing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) samples with narrow and broad molecular weight distributions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 8","pages":"Pages 956-967"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17Epub Date: 2025-06-14DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2512838
Nidya Chitraningrum , Ariadne Lakshmidevi Juwono , Lies Banowati , Ferry Ananda Ramadhan , Ahmad Rajani , Salman Farishi , Arif Rachman Hakim , Osheana Pebryani , Ahmad Fudholi
Natural fiber-reinforced composites have been increasingly developed over the past few decades due to their mechanical properties, which are comparable to synthetic fibers. Abaca fiber, as one of the natural fibers, possesses good mechanical strength and low density. Activated carbon, commonly used as an adsorbent particle, is also utilized as a filler in fiber-reinforced composites. This study aims to characterize the activated carbon synthesized from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) and analyze the effect of adding activated carbon at variations of 0 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt% on the tensile strength of epoxy/abaca composites. The composites were fabricated using the hand layup method followed by vacuum bagging. The characterization of the activated carbon showed high porosity with an amorphous structure and a porous surface area of 742 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.35 cm³/g. The use of 1 wt% activated carbon filler in epoxy/abaca composites resulted in the highest tensile strength (48.90 MPa). The decrease in tensile strength at higher filler content is attributed to poor dispersion of activated carbon particles, which weakens the interface between the matrix and abaca fibers. These findings highlight the potential of optimized activated carbon loading to enhance the mechanical properties of natural fiber-reinforced composites, particularly for applications in the automotive, construction, and aerospace industries.
{"title":"Effect of activated carbon from oil palm empty fruit bunches on the tensile strength of abaca fiber-reinforced epoxy composites","authors":"Nidya Chitraningrum , Ariadne Lakshmidevi Juwono , Lies Banowati , Ferry Ananda Ramadhan , Ahmad Rajani , Salman Farishi , Arif Rachman Hakim , Osheana Pebryani , Ahmad Fudholi","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2512838","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2512838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural fiber-reinforced composites have been increasingly developed over the past few decades due to their mechanical properties, which are comparable to synthetic fibers. Abaca fiber, as one of the natural fibers, possesses good mechanical strength and low density. Activated carbon, commonly used as an adsorbent particle, is also utilized as a filler in fiber-reinforced composites. This study aims to characterize the activated carbon synthesized from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) and analyze the effect of adding activated carbon at variations of 0 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt% on the tensile strength of epoxy/abaca composites. The composites were fabricated using the hand layup method followed by vacuum bagging. The characterization of the activated carbon showed high porosity with an amorphous structure and a porous surface area of 742 m<sup>2</sup>/g and a pore volume of 0.35 cm³/g. The use of 1 wt% activated carbon filler in epoxy/abaca composites resulted in the highest tensile strength (48.90 MPa). The decrease in tensile strength at higher filler content is attributed to poor dispersion of activated carbon particles, which weakens the interface between the matrix and abaca fibers. These findings highlight the potential of optimized activated carbon loading to enhance the mechanical properties of natural fiber-reinforced composites, particularly for applications in the automotive, construction, and aerospace industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 8","pages":"Pages 938-955"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145492884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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