Pub Date : 2025-06-03DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2510972
M. Ali , R. A. M. Rizk , Z. I. Ali , I. E. Hassan , A. M. Abdul-Kader
Nowadays, improve the surface properties of polymeric materials for different applications become an important issue. This study involved the exposure of low-density polyethylene/ethylene diene propylene dine (LDPE/EPDM) blend to various fluencies of 130 keV He and 320 keV Ar ions ranging from 1 x 1013 to 2 x 1016 ions.cm−2. LDPE/EPDM polymer blend structural changes have been examined using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectrophotometry techniques. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis has been done to find out what elements are present at the surface of LDPE/EPDM blends. The surface wettability, surface free energy, and spreading coefficient variations in LDPE/EPDM polymer blends subjected to ion beam bombardments have been investigated. The results of UV-Vis spectra demonstrated that increasing ion beam fluencies caused an increase in the optical absorption and red shift of the absorption edge which indicates a decrease in optical band gap. With an increase in the ion beam fluencies, a striking improvement was demonstrated in surface wettability, surface-free energy, and adhesion work for the bombarded LDPE/EPDM blends. These results demonstrated that ion-beam bombardment is an efficient technique to improvement the polymer surface properties for different technologies.
{"title":"Tailoring surface properties of LDPE/EPDM blends via ion-beam bombardment","authors":"M. Ali , R. A. M. Rizk , Z. I. Ali , I. E. Hassan , A. M. Abdul-Kader","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2510972","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2510972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, improve the surface properties of polymeric materials for different applications become an important issue. This study involved the exposure of low-density polyethylene/ethylene diene propylene dine (LDPE/EPDM) blend to various fluencies of 130 keV He and 320 keV Ar ions ranging from 1 x 10<sup>13</sup> to 2 x 10<sup>16</sup> ions.cm<sup>−2</sup>. LDPE/EPDM polymer blend structural changes have been examined using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectrophotometry techniques. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis has been done to find out what elements are present at the surface of LDPE/EPDM blends. The surface wettability, surface free energy, and spreading coefficient variations in LDPE/EPDM polymer blends subjected to ion beam bombardments have been investigated. The results of UV-Vis spectra demonstrated that increasing ion beam fluencies caused an increase in the optical absorption and red shift of the absorption edge which indicates a decrease in optical band gap. With an increase in the ion beam fluencies, a striking improvement was demonstrated in surface wettability, surface-free energy, and adhesion work for the bombarded LDPE/EPDM blends. These results demonstrated that ion-beam bombardment is an efficient technique to improvement the polymer surface properties for different technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 8","pages":"Pages 926-937"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-30DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2506744
Siyamand S. Khasraw , Dyari M. Mamand , Salah R. Saeed , Abdollah Hassanzadeh , Shujahadeen B. Aziz , Omed Gh. Abdullah
Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via the chemical co-precipitation method and incorporated into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix at various concentrations (1, 3, 5, and 7 wt.%). The structural, morphological, magnetic, and optical properties of the nanocomposites were systematically characterized using FTIR, FE-SEM, XRD, UV–vis spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). FTIR analysis revealed that the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs led to notable shifts in the O–H bending vibrational frequencies, suggesting the formation of new hydrogen bonds between the Fe3O4 surface and hydroxyl groups of PVA chains. These interactions potentially alter the overall hydrogen bonding network within the polymer matrix. XRD results showed a gradual decrease in the degree of crystallinity with increasing nanoparticle content, indicating good dispersion and disruption of the semi-crystalline PVA structure. FE-SEM images confirmed the uniform distribution of NPs with minor micro-crack formation, especially at lower doping levels due to weak matrix-filler interactions. VSM measurements demonstrated that the magnetic properties of PVA were significantly enhanced due to the stabilization of Fe3O4 NPs through hydrogen bonding, which also minimized NP agglomeration. UV–vis analysis showed increased optical absorption, a rise in the refractive index, and enhanced optical dielectric constants with increasing Fe3O4 concentration. Additionally, the optical bandgap energy decreased, while the linear (χ(1)) and third-order nonlinear (χ(³)) susceptibilities, along with the nonlinear refractive index (n2), were significantly improved. These results indicate that Fe3O4/PVA nanocomposites are promising materials for magnetic, optical, and optoelectronic applications.
{"title":"Optoelectronic characteristics of PVA: Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposite films","authors":"Siyamand S. Khasraw , Dyari M. Mamand , Salah R. Saeed , Abdollah Hassanzadeh , Shujahadeen B. Aziz , Omed Gh. Abdullah","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2506744","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2506744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via the chemical co-precipitation method and incorporated into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix at various concentrations (1, 3, 5, and 7 wt.%). The structural, morphological, magnetic, and optical properties of the nanocomposites were systematically characterized using FTIR, FE-SEM, XRD, UV–vis spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). FTIR analysis revealed that the incorporation of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs led to notable shifts in the O–H bending vibrational frequencies, suggesting the formation of new hydrogen bonds between the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> surface and hydroxyl groups of PVA chains. These interactions potentially alter the overall hydrogen bonding network within the polymer matrix. XRD results showed a gradual decrease in the degree of crystallinity with increasing nanoparticle content, indicating good dispersion and disruption of the semi-crystalline PVA structure. FE-SEM images confirmed the uniform distribution of NPs with minor micro-crack formation, especially at lower doping levels due to weak matrix-filler interactions. VSM measurements demonstrated that the magnetic properties of PVA were significantly enhanced due to the stabilization of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs through hydrogen bonding, which also minimized NP agglomeration. UV–vis analysis showed increased optical absorption, a rise in the refractive index, and enhanced optical dielectric constants with increasing Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> concentration. Additionally, the optical bandgap energy decreased, while the linear (χ<sup>(1)</sup>) and third-order nonlinear (χ<sup>(</sup>³<sup>)</sup>) susceptibilities, along with the nonlinear refractive index (n<sub>2</sub>), were significantly improved. These results indicate that Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/PVA nanocomposites are promising materials for magnetic, optical, and optoelectronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 8","pages":"Pages 895-925"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-16DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2501584
Michał Misiak , Paulina Latko-Durałek , Maria Mercedes Fernandez , Jorge L. Olmedo-Martínez , Dorota Kołbuk , Żaneta Górecka , Amir Malmir , Paulina Kozera , Alejandro J. Müller , Savvas G. Hatzikiriakos , Anna Boczkowska
This paper studies the interrelationships between the molecular weight, rheology, crystallinity, and tackiness of three types of commercial thermoplastic hot melt adhesives. The hot melt adhesives employed here differ in their compositions and molecular weights, even though all are copolyesters primarily based on poly(butylene terephthalate). Differences in the composition were found to influence the adhesives’ crystallization and melting behavior. These structural variations can translate into different thermal responses and processing characteristics relevant for tailoring adhesive selection to application requirements. Furthermore, adhesives with higher molecular weight were observed to possess larger elasticity, leading to significantly enhanced tackiness properties, as evidenced by the higher values of tensile modulus, peak stress, and work of debonding. This elevated tackiness was linked to the increased fibrillation process observed in polymers with higher molecular weights. Additionally, all tested adhesives exhibited storage moduli below the Dahlquist threshold (G′ < 3.3 × 105 Pa), which supports their ability to achieve measurable tackiness during the initial bonding process. The results presented in this study underscore the diversity among hot melt adhesives and the critical properties that should be considered when selecting adhesives for specific applications.
{"title":"The relationship between thermal, rheological, and tack properties of copolyester-based hot melt adhesives","authors":"Michał Misiak , Paulina Latko-Durałek , Maria Mercedes Fernandez , Jorge L. Olmedo-Martínez , Dorota Kołbuk , Żaneta Górecka , Amir Malmir , Paulina Kozera , Alejandro J. Müller , Savvas G. Hatzikiriakos , Anna Boczkowska","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2501584","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2501584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies the interrelationships between the molecular weight, rheology, crystallinity, and tackiness of three types of commercial thermoplastic hot melt adhesives. The hot melt adhesives employed here differ in their compositions and molecular weights, even though all are copolyesters primarily based on poly(butylene terephthalate). Differences in the composition were found to influence the adhesives’ crystallization and melting behavior. These structural variations can translate into different thermal responses and processing characteristics relevant for tailoring adhesive selection to application requirements. Furthermore, adhesives with higher molecular weight were observed to possess larger elasticity, leading to significantly enhanced tackiness properties, as evidenced by the higher values of tensile modulus, peak stress, and work of debonding. This elevated tackiness was linked to the increased fibrillation process observed in polymers with higher molecular weights. Additionally, all tested adhesives exhibited storage moduli below the Dahlquist threshold (G′ < 3.3 × 10<sup>5</sup> Pa), which supports their ability to achieve measurable tackiness during the initial bonding process. The results presented in this study underscore the diversity among hot melt adhesives and the critical properties that should be considered when selecting adhesives for specific applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 6","pages":"Pages 691-710"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the dielectric and thermal characterization of pineapple wood dust (PWD)-filled polymer composites using the finite element method and experimental analysis. PWD was reinforced with polyester resin with different weight (0–25 wt. %) and volume (0–17.95 vol. %) percentages. Thermal conductivity tests were conducted as per the ASTM E-1530 in a Unitherm™ 2022 model, whereas the dielectric properties were tested with the help of an HP LCR impedance analyzer and an HP 16451B dielectric tester. The experimental result showed a decrease in thermal conductivity values of polyester resin from 0.342 to 0.245 W/m-K with the inclusion of 17.95 vol. % PWD, which ensured enhanced thermal insulation. Further, the thermal conductivity values obtained from finite element analysis simulated using Digimat software were in good agreement with experimental values, and the error lies in between 1% and 10%. The experimental result showed a decrease in thermal conductivity values with increased PWD loading, which ensured enhanced thermal insulation. Further, the thermal conductivity values obtained from finite element analysis simulated using Digimat software were in good agreement with experimental values. The finite element analysis also revealed a decrease in heat flux density with the addition of PWD particles. The dielectric constant of the composites was found to be higher at lower frequencies and decreased with increasing frequency, which can be attributed to various polarization mechanisms. The dielectric constant of polyester resin also increased gradually with the addition of 25 wt. % PWD filler content from 1.4 to 2.7 at 1 MHz frequency.
{"title":"Dielectric and thermal behavior analysis of polyester composites filled with pineapple wood dust using finite element method","authors":"Bishnupriya Sahoo , Priyabrat Pradhan , Abhilash Purohit , Hemalata Jena , Bibhuti Bhusan Sahoo","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2496319","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2496319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the dielectric and thermal characterization of pineapple wood dust (PWD)-filled polymer composites using the finite element method and experimental analysis. PWD was reinforced with polyester resin with different weight (0–25 wt. %) and volume (0–17.95 vol. %) percentages. Thermal conductivity tests were conducted as per the ASTM E-1530 in a Unitherm<sup>™</sup> 2022 model, whereas the dielectric properties were tested with the help of an HP LCR impedance analyzer and an HP 16451B dielectric tester. The experimental result showed a decrease in thermal conductivity values of polyester resin from 0.342 to 0.245 W/m-K with the inclusion of 17.95 vol. % PWD, which ensured enhanced thermal insulation. Further, the thermal conductivity values obtained from finite element analysis simulated using Digimat software were in good agreement with experimental values, and the error lies in between 1% and 10%. The experimental result showed a decrease in thermal conductivity values with increased PWD loading, which ensured enhanced thermal insulation. Further, the thermal conductivity values obtained from finite element analysis simulated using Digimat software were in good agreement with experimental values. The finite element analysis also revealed a decrease in heat flux density with the addition of PWD particles. The dielectric constant of the composites was found to be higher at lower frequencies and decreased with increasing frequency, which can be attributed to various polarization mechanisms. The dielectric constant of polyester resin also increased gradually with the addition of 25 wt. % PWD filler content from 1.4 to 2.7 at 1 MHz frequency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 6","pages":"Pages 666-674"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-13DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2502811
K. K. Khichar , Ravina , S. B. Dangi , S. Z. Hashmi , B. L. Choudhary , N. S. Leel , Saurabh Dalela , A. M. Quraishi , Shalendra Kumar , Balsam F. I. Sofi , Aakansha , P. A. Alvi
This study investigates the tunable properties of novel and biodegradable ethyl cellulose (EC)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites by varying concentrations of rGO nanofillers. The EC/rGO nanocomposites were prepared by an uncomplicated chemical mixing route. The influence of rGO content on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the nanocomposite was systematically studied. The obtained results reveal that the incorporation of rGO enhances the crystallite size with reduced dislocation density and micro-strain in the nanocomposites. The incorporation of rGO was found capable of reducing bandgaps significantly by a magnitude of ∼0.62 eV with an increase in Urbach energy of ∼0.76 eV and a less enhanced refractive index of the nanocomposite. Further, D, G, 2D, and (D + G) modes were found to be present to define the Raman spectra of the nanocomposites. From FTIR spectra, the presence of C–H, C = O, and C–O stretching vibrations in the composite was confirmed. Moreover, electrical constraints, such as dielectric constant, dissipation factor, and ac and dc conductivity, along with frequency exponent, were found to be enhanced by increasing the strength of the incorporated rGO nanofiller. Thus, the findings provide critical insights into the design of biodegradable and multifunctional nanocomposites, paving the way for their application in sustainable packaging, electronics, and biomedical devices.
{"title":"Tuning the properties of novel and biodegradable ethyl-cellulose (EC)/rGO nanocomposite","authors":"K. K. Khichar , Ravina , S. B. Dangi , S. Z. Hashmi , B. L. Choudhary , N. S. Leel , Saurabh Dalela , A. M. Quraishi , Shalendra Kumar , Balsam F. I. Sofi , Aakansha , P. A. Alvi","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2502811","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2502811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the tunable properties of novel and biodegradable ethyl cellulose (EC)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites by varying concentrations of rGO nanofillers. The EC/rGO nanocomposites were prepared by an uncomplicated chemical mixing route. The influence of rGO content on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the nanocomposite was systematically studied. The obtained results reveal that the incorporation of rGO enhances the crystallite size with reduced dislocation density and micro-strain in the nanocomposites. The incorporation of rGO was found capable of reducing bandgaps significantly by a magnitude of ∼0.62 eV with an increase in Urbach energy of ∼0.76 eV and a less enhanced refractive index of the nanocomposite. Further, D, G, 2D, and (D + G) modes were found to be present to define the Raman spectra of the nanocomposites. From FTIR spectra, the presence of C–H, C = O, and C–O stretching vibrations in the composite was confirmed. Moreover, electrical constraints, such as dielectric constant, dissipation factor, and ac and dc conductivity, along with frequency exponent, were found to be enhanced by increasing the strength of the incorporated rGO nanofiller. Thus, the findings provide critical insights into the design of biodegradable and multifunctional nanocomposites, paving the way for their application in sustainable packaging, electronics, and biomedical devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 6","pages":"Pages 711-727"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-13DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2502819
Bedrettin Savaş , Abdullah Karanfil , Efkan Çatıker , Temel Öztürk
This study synthesized a series of novel copolymers by introducing the polyethylene glycol segments to the polymethyl methacrylate skeleton. For this purpose, S,S’-(ethane-1,2-diyl) O,O’-diethyl bis(carbonodithioate), named RAFT agent, was synthesized by reacting 1,2-dibromoethane with potassium ethyl xanthogenate. Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether monomethacrylate) [poly(MMA-co-PEGMMA)] copolymer was synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) method and the “grafting through” strategy using the RAFT agent, methyl methacrylate, and different lengths (Mw of PEG unit = 200, 400, and 1000 g.mol−1) of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether monomethacrylate (PEGMMA) as macromonomers. The three copolymers of poly(MMA-co-PEGMMA) with three different grafting degrees (5, 10, and 20% by mass) were obtained successfully. Structural and thermal features of poly(MMA-co-PEGMMA) copolymers were examined using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, GPC, TGA, and DSC methods.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of a set of novel copolymers by using RAFT polymerization method and “grafting through” strategy","authors":"Bedrettin Savaş , Abdullah Karanfil , Efkan Çatıker , Temel Öztürk","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2502819","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2502819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study synthesized a series of novel copolymers by introducing the polyethylene glycol segments to the polymethyl methacrylate skeleton. For this purpose, S,S’-(ethane-1,2-diyl) O,O’-diethyl bis(carbonodithioate), named RAFT agent, was synthesized by reacting 1,2-dibromoethane with potassium ethyl xanthogenate. Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether monomethacrylate) [poly(MMA-co-PEGMMA)] copolymer was synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) method and the “grafting through” strategy using the RAFT agent, methyl methacrylate, and different lengths (Mw of PEG unit = 200, 400, and 1000 g.mol<sup>−1</sup>) of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether monomethacrylate (PEGMMA) as macromonomers. The three copolymers of poly(MMA-co-PEGMMA) with three different grafting degrees (5, 10, and 20% by mass) were obtained successfully. Structural and thermal features of poly(MMA-co-PEGMMA) copolymers were examined using FT-IR, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, GPC, TGA, and DSC methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 6","pages":"Pages 728-739"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-06DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2496306
C. Balaji Ayyanar , N. Sridhar , T. Mugilan , S. K. Pradeepmohan
Despite having been studied in a range of applications, the use of sisal fiber-reinforced composites in helical compression springs is rare. Thus, this particular study shows the feasibility of replacing conventional metal springs with lightweight composite springs in the interest of furthering sustainable engineering. This study focused on the successful fabrication of a helical compression spring using the filament winding process – a method not very commonly applied to such components. The tensile strength of 66.74 MPa and flexural strength of 70.47 MPa composite specimens were found. The surface morphology and elemental compositions of the composite were found through FESEM and EDX. The DSC analysis found the onset temperature of the thermal event begins at 351.7 °C and ends at 392.8 °C. The area under the peak, representing the energy absorbed, is 100.4 J/g, indicating the amount of heat involved during crosslinking of the composite matrix. The TG analysis revealed the stability of the composite from ∼30 °C to ∼300 °C. Around 300 °C, there is a significant drop in residual weight, indicating decomposition of the composite. The helical compression spring was designed and fabricated through the filament winding process. A 3D model of the spring was developed using SolidWorks and finite element analysis (FEA) of the spring was done using ANSYS. The results revealed a maximum stiffness of 1.87 N/mm at 35 N, validating the material for low-strength applications. Future work should optimize fiber–matrix interaction and study the proposed composite for lightweight suspension systems, vibration-damping components, and other eco-friendly options in the automotive industries.
{"title":"Structural, mechanical, thermal characterizations of Agave sisalana fiber- reinforced composite and finite element analysis of composite helical compression spring","authors":"C. Balaji Ayyanar , N. Sridhar , T. Mugilan , S. K. Pradeepmohan","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2496306","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2496306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite having been studied in a range of applications, the use of sisal fiber-reinforced composites in helical compression springs is rare. Thus, this particular study shows the feasibility of replacing conventional metal springs with lightweight composite springs in the interest of furthering sustainable engineering. This study focused on the successful fabrication of a helical compression spring using the filament winding process – a method not very commonly applied to such components. The tensile strength of 66.74 MPa and flexural strength of 70.47 MPa composite specimens were found. The surface morphology and elemental compositions of the composite were found through FESEM and EDX. The DSC analysis found the onset temperature of the thermal event begins at 351.7 °C and ends at 392.8 °C. The area under the peak, representing the energy absorbed, is 100.4 J/g, indicating the amount of heat involved during crosslinking of the composite matrix. The TG analysis revealed the stability of the composite from ∼30 °C to ∼300 °C. Around 300 °C, there is a significant drop in residual weight, indicating decomposition of the composite. The helical compression spring was designed and fabricated through the filament winding process. A 3D model of the spring was developed using SolidWorks and finite element analysis (FEA) of the spring was done using ANSYS. The results revealed a maximum stiffness of 1.87 N/mm at 35 N, validating the material for low-strength applications. Future work should optimize fiber–matrix interaction and study the proposed composite for lightweight suspension systems, vibration-damping components, and other eco-friendly options in the automotive industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 6","pages":"Pages 650-665"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue engineering has emerged as a promising alternative for bone repair. Avian eggshell membrane stands out among potential biomaterials due to its low immunogenicity, similarity to the extracellular matrix, and widespread availability. This study focuses on developing a bone ingrowth support system from a regenerated avian eggshell membrane. The collagenous and non-collagenous protein fractions were developed into hydrogels with poly-(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) via freeze-thawing, followed by their incorporation with hydroxyapatite and strontium-doped hydroxyapatite synthesized from the eggshell cuticle. Their physicochemical analysis revealed the biphasic nature of hydroxyapatite and Ca/P and (Ca + Sr)/P ratios of 1.25 and 1.27, respectively. The characterization with ATR-FTIR revealed the identification of amide I, amide III, and –OH functional groups at 1639 cm−1, 1264 cm−1, and 3308 cm−1, respectively, for all the hydrogels, along with a broad peak observed between 16° and 24° (2θ) in the XRD data. Evaluation of hydrogels’ morphology, degradation (40%−50%), swelling (162%−750%), mechanical properties (1.4 MPa–3.5 MPa), and biocompatibility with osteoblasts (>87%) demonstrated their suitability for bone regeneration. Further, histopathological examination of rat tibial bone demonstrated enhanced bone repair, with the findings strongly suggesting the potential application of the regenerated avian eggshell membrane in promoting bone regeneration.
{"title":"Enhanced bioactivity of regenerated eggshell membrane hydrogels with strontium-doped hydroxyapatite for potential bone tissue regeneration","authors":"Aakriti Aggarwal , Lajpreet Kaur , Debasish Nath , Himanshu Ojha , Asish Pal , Mahesh Kumar Sah","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2497389","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2497389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tissue engineering has emerged as a promising alternative for bone repair. Avian eggshell membrane stands out among potential biomaterials due to its low immunogenicity, similarity to the extracellular matrix, and widespread availability. This study focuses on developing a bone ingrowth support system from a regenerated avian eggshell membrane. The collagenous and non-collagenous protein fractions were developed into hydrogels with poly-(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) via freeze-thawing, followed by their incorporation with hydroxyapatite and strontium-doped hydroxyapatite synthesized from the eggshell cuticle. Their physicochemical analysis revealed the biphasic nature of hydroxyapatite and Ca/P and (Ca + Sr)/P ratios of 1.25 and 1.27, respectively. The characterization with ATR-FTIR revealed the identification of amide I, amide III, and –OH functional groups at 1639 cm<sup>−1</sup>, 1264 cm<sup>−1</sup>, and 3308 cm<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, for all the hydrogels, along with a broad peak observed between 16° and 24° (2θ) in the XRD data. Evaluation of hydrogels’ morphology, degradation (40%−50%), swelling (162%−750%), mechanical properties (1.4 MPa–3.5 MPa), and biocompatibility with osteoblasts (>87%) demonstrated their suitability for bone regeneration. Further, histopathological examination of rat tibial bone demonstrated enhanced bone repair, with the findings strongly suggesting the potential application of the regenerated avian eggshell membrane in promoting bone regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 6","pages":"Pages 675-690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2463520
Sherzod Yuldoshov , Yunusov Khaydar Ergashovich , Goyibnazarov Ilkhom Shukhratóǵli , Sarymsakov Abdushkur Abdukhalilovich , Guohua Jiang , Somia Yassin Hussain Abdalkarim , Hou-Yong Yu , Yi Wan , Kudratkhojaeva Madina Abdugoffor qizi
The reaction activity of cellulose samples is determined according to their supramolecular structure, especially the degree of crystallinity and degree of polymerization. The carboxymethylation reaction kinetics of cotton cellulose (CC), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and powder cellulose (PC), with different degrees of crystallinity and degree of polymerization, were studied by the solid-phase method and in an ethanol-water solution medium. In the row of CC, MCC, and PC with different supramolecular structures, it was found that with decreasing crystallinity degree of the raw materials, during carboxymethylation by the solid-phase method and in an ethanol-water solution medium, the degree of substitution (DS) of sodium-carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) increased. In this row, the activation energy values of the carboxymethylation reaction of CC, MCC, and PC were 27.79, 18.30, and 10.74 kJ/mol, respectively, by the solid-phase method. Furthermore, the activation energies of the carboxymethylation reaction of CC, MCC, and PC were 59.26, 25.20, and 17.59 kJ/mol, respectively, in an ethanol-water solution medium. Decreasing activation energies led to an increase in the reaction activity, which, after CC, MCC, and PC carboxymethylation, the DS of Na-CMC reached 0.63, 0.86, and 0.97, respectively, using the solid-phase method. In an ethanol solution medium, the DS values of Na-CMC reached 0.89, 1.10, and 1.31 after carboxymethylation of the CC, MCC, and PC, respectively.
纤维素样品的反应活性取决于其超分子结构，尤其是结晶度和聚合度。采用固相法，在乙醇-水溶液介质中研究了不同结晶度和聚合度的棉纤维素（CC）、微晶纤维素（MCC）和粉末纤维素（PC）的羧甲基化反应动力学。在具有不同超分子结构的 CC、MCC 和 PC 行中发现，随着原料结晶度的降低，在固相法和乙醇-水溶液介质中进行羧甲基化时，羧甲基纤维素钠（Na-CMC）的取代度（DS）增加。在这一行中，固相法中 CC、MCC 和 PC 羧甲基化反应的活化能值分别为 27.79、18.30 和 10.74 kJ/mol。此外，在乙醇-水溶液介质中，CC、MCC 和 PC 的羧甲基化反应活化能分别为 59.26、25.20 和 17.59 kJ/mol。活化能的降低导致反应活性的提高，在固相法中，CC、MCC 和 PC 羧甲基化后，Na-CMC 的 DS 分别达到 0.63、0.86 和 0.97。在乙醇溶液介质中，CC、MCC 和 PC 羧甲基化后，Na-CMC 的 DS 值分别达到 0.89、1.10 和 1.31。
{"title":"Impact of cellulose supramolecular structure on its carboxymethylation reaction activity","authors":"Sherzod Yuldoshov , Yunusov Khaydar Ergashovich , Goyibnazarov Ilkhom Shukhratóǵli , Sarymsakov Abdushkur Abdukhalilovich , Guohua Jiang , Somia Yassin Hussain Abdalkarim , Hou-Yong Yu , Yi Wan , Kudratkhojaeva Madina Abdugoffor qizi","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2463520","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2463520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reaction activity of cellulose samples is determined according to their supramolecular structure, especially the degree of crystallinity and degree of polymerization. The carboxymethylation reaction kinetics of cotton cellulose (CC), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and powder cellulose (PC), with different degrees of crystallinity and degree of polymerization, were studied by the solid-phase method and in an ethanol-water solution medium. In the row of CC, MCC, and PC with different supramolecular structures, it was found that with decreasing crystallinity degree of the raw materials, during carboxymethylation by the solid-phase method and in an ethanol-water solution medium, the degree of substitution (DS) of sodium-carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) increased. In this row, the activation energy values of the carboxymethylation reaction of CC, MCC, and PC were 27.79, 18.30, and 10.74 kJ/mol, respectively, by the solid-phase method. Furthermore, the activation energies of the carboxymethylation reaction of CC, MCC, and PC were 59.26, 25.20, and 17.59 kJ/mol, respectively, in an ethanol-water solution medium. Decreasing activation energies led to an increase in the reaction activity, which, after CC, MCC, and PC carboxymethylation, the DS of Na-CMC reached 0.63, 0.86, and 0.97, respectively, using the solid-phase method. In an ethanol solution medium, the DS values of Na-CMC reached 0.89, 1.10, and 1.31 after carboxymethylation of the CC, MCC, and PC, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 3","pages":"Pages 303-314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2025.2453748
Syam Prasad Ammineni , A. Kiran Kumar , R. P. Chowdary , A. Chandrakanth , Pagidipalli Saidulu
The study aims to evaluate the frequency and temperature-dependent viscoelastic properties of natural rubber (NR) and nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) for vibration damping applications. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests were conducted on NR and NBR at low frequencies, from room temperature to 112 °C. The experimental data were fitted using the generalized Maxwell model, and vibration tests were conducted to obtain dynamic properties such as natural frequencies, damping ratio, and quality factor. The loss factor for NR increased significantly above 80 °C, while for NBR, it decreased above 50 °C. At higher temperatures, both NR and NBR exhibited faster relaxation, but NR had a higher loss factor, indicating a better damping ability. The relaxation strength of NR increased above 60 °C, whereas that of NBR decreased, highlighting the differences in their damping abilities. NBR showed greater damping ability at the first natural frequency, while NR performed better at the second and third natural frequencies. According to the experimental findings, NR proves to be better suited for damping in high-temperature conditions, while NBR is more suitable for low-temperature damping applications. The relaxation modulus of NR is lower than that of NBR at lower temperatures, leading to a better damping performance for NR at higher temperatures. The study recommends using NR for high-temperature applications where high damping is required and NBR for low-temperature applications that require moderate damping.
{"title":"Frequency and temperature dependent viscoelastic properties of natural rubber and nitrile butadiene rubber at different temperatures for vibration damping applications: an experimental study","authors":"Syam Prasad Ammineni , A. Kiran Kumar , R. P. Chowdary , A. Chandrakanth , Pagidipalli Saidulu","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2453748","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2453748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aims to evaluate the frequency and temperature-dependent viscoelastic properties of natural rubber (NR) and nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) for vibration damping applications. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests were conducted on NR and NBR at low frequencies, from room temperature to 112 °C. The experimental data were fitted using the generalized Maxwell model, and vibration tests were conducted to obtain dynamic properties such as natural frequencies, damping ratio, and quality factor. The loss factor for NR increased significantly above 80 °C, while for NBR, it decreased above 50 °C. At higher temperatures, both NR and NBR exhibited faster relaxation, but NR had a higher loss factor, indicating a better damping ability. The relaxation strength of NR increased above 60 °C, whereas that of NBR decreased, highlighting the differences in their damping abilities. NBR showed greater damping ability at the first natural frequency, while NR performed better at the second and third natural frequencies. According to the experimental findings, NR proves to be better suited for damping in high-temperature conditions, while NBR is more suitable for low-temperature damping applications. The relaxation modulus of NR is lower than that of NBR at lower temperatures, leading to a better damping performance for NR at higher temperatures. The study recommends using NR for high-temperature applications where high damping is required and NBR for low-temperature applications that require moderate damping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 3","pages":"Pages 287-302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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