An increasing eco-consciousness among peoples has been shifting the use of natural dyes for textile dyeing and in other realms too as food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The present study was focussed on aqueous extraction of natural dye from the pod husk of Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, its characterization through spectroscopic (UVVIS and FT-IR) and chromatographic (GC-MS/ LC-MS) technique. It was noticed that the percent recovery was 16%, while FTIR results indicates different functional groups present in the dye, total 16 constituents were identified in the GC-MS analysis of Senna dye such as DFructose, 3-O-methyl-, Stigmast-5-en-3-ol,oleate, Benzaldehyde,2-hydroxy-4-methyl-, 3'- Methoxybenzo[1',2'-b]-1,4-, Tetrapentacontane, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl elaidate 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6, 4- Hydroxy-2-methylacetophenone, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl), Maltol, Methyl 14-methyl-eicosanoate, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, 2,3-dihydro, Benzeneacetaldehyde, and the LCMS analysis exhibits the presence of 20 major bioactive compounds among these N-Cyclohexane carbonyl pentadecylamine, Docosanedioic acid, Emmotin A, 3α,12α-Dihydroxy-5β-chol-7-en-24-oic Acid, 4-Hydroxyphenylglyoxylate, Hexadecyl Acetyl Glycerol, 2-oxo-nonadecanoic acid, 1-Monopalmitin, Spisulosine and N,Ndimethyl- Safingol showed highest retention time. Thus the Senna dye is a rich source of natural bioactive compounds.
{"title":"Phytochemical Characterization of Natural Dye Extracted\u0000from Senna siamea Pods","authors":"S. Patil, D. D. Kurlapkar, D. K. Gaikwad","doi":"10.4236/oalib.1106148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106148","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing eco-consciousness among peoples has been shifting the use of\u0000natural dyes for textile dyeing and in other realms too as food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.\u0000The present study was focussed on aqueous extraction of natural dye from the pod husk of\u0000Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, its characterization through spectroscopic (UVVIS\u0000and FT-IR) and chromatographic (GC-MS/ LC-MS) technique. It was noticed that the\u0000percent recovery was 16%, while FTIR results indicates different functional groups present in\u0000the dye, total 16 constituents were identified in the GC-MS analysis of Senna dye such as DFructose,\u00003-O-methyl-, Stigmast-5-en-3-ol,oleate, Benzaldehyde,2-hydroxy-4-methyl-, 3'-\u0000Methoxybenzo[1',2'-b]-1,4-, Tetrapentacontane, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl\u0000elaidate 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6, 4-\u0000Hydroxy-2-methylacetophenone, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl), Maltol,\u0000Methyl 14-methyl-eicosanoate, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-,\u00002,3-dihydro, Benzeneacetaldehyde, and the LCMS analysis exhibits the presence of 20 major\u0000bioactive compounds among these N-Cyclohexane carbonyl pentadecylamine, Docosanedioic\u0000acid, Emmotin A, 3α,12α-Dihydroxy-5β-chol-7-en-24-oic Acid, 4-Hydroxyphenylglyoxylate,\u0000Hexadecyl Acetyl Glycerol, 2-oxo-nonadecanoic acid, 1-Monopalmitin, Spisulosine and N,Ndimethyl-\u0000Safingol showed highest retention time. Thus the Senna dye is a rich source of\u0000natural bioactive compounds.","PeriodicalId":14252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81699421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20902/ijptr.2019.130110
Susilawaty, I. Lister, E. Fachrial, Ermi Girsang
Second degree burns treatment plays an important role in healing burns. Many people use Moist Exposed Burn Ointment (MEBO), an oil-based ointment that has been proposed for the treatment of ideal burns, and honey has also been used for the treatment of burns in several clinical trials and provides good results. This study aims to determine the ratio of honey and MEBO effectiveness in epithelialization of second degree burns.Methodsby using the true experiment research method or pure experiment with RAL (Complete Random Design). Results The results showed that giving honey to healing burns gave the best results where there were significant differences (p <0.05) in the formation of collagen fibers and the amount of blood vessel formation compared to MEBO, but in the results of measurements of the extent of burns and epithelial formation did not showed a significant difference (p> 0.05) between honey and MEBO.Conclusion/ConclusionsThe conclusion is that giving honey gives better and more effective results in the formation of collagen fibers and blood vessel formation compared to MEBO. Therefore honey can be an option for the community in dealing with second degree burns, and further research needs to be done on signal transduction (molecular biology) related to wound healing in three phases, namely the inflammatory phase (eg interleukin 2, 6 and others). others), proliferation phase (eg EGF, PDGF, TGF-ẞ) and remodeling phase (eg BMP2).
{"title":"Effectiveness of Honey and Moist Exposed Burn Ointment\u0000(MEBO) in Epithelial-Burns of Grade II","authors":"Susilawaty, I. Lister, E. Fachrial, Ermi Girsang","doi":"10.20902/ijptr.2019.130110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20902/ijptr.2019.130110","url":null,"abstract":"Second degree burns treatment plays an important role in healing burns. Many people use Moist Exposed Burn Ointment (MEBO), an oil-based ointment that has been proposed for the treatment of ideal burns, and honey has also been used for the treatment of burns in several clinical trials and provides good results. This study aims to determine the ratio of honey and MEBO effectiveness in epithelialization of second degree burns.Methodsby using the true experiment research method or pure experiment with RAL (Complete Random Design). Results The results showed that giving honey to healing burns gave the best results where there were significant differences (p <0.05) in the formation of collagen fibers and the amount of blood vessel formation compared to MEBO, but in the results of measurements of the extent of burns and epithelial formation did not showed a significant difference (p> 0.05) between honey and MEBO.Conclusion/ConclusionsThe conclusion is that giving honey gives better and more effective results in the formation of collagen fibers and blood vessel formation compared to MEBO. Therefore honey can be an option for the community in dealing with second degree burns, and further research needs to be done on signal transduction (molecular biology) related to wound healing in three phases, namely the inflammatory phase (eg interleukin 2, 6 and others). others), proliferation phase (eg EGF, PDGF, TGF-ẞ) and remodeling phase (eg BMP2).","PeriodicalId":14252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"119 1","pages":"88-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78547543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20902/ijptr.2019.130407
Monika, A. S. Bisht
The rapid and extensive spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has become a major cause of concern in society. The aim of this study is to assess the Knowledge, awareness and perceptions of COVID-19 disease and related practices among students trough a questionnaire based survey. It has been seen that students are more active and comfortable online therefore an e-survey was conducted among COVID-19. Study outcomes with some interesting facts aboutstudent‟s knowledge, awareness and their perceptions for the same.
{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge, Awareness and Perception of\u0000Students regarding COVID-19 and its related activities: A\u0000Questionnaire based Survey","authors":"Monika, A. S. Bisht","doi":"10.20902/ijptr.2019.130407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20902/ijptr.2019.130407","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid and extensive spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has become a major cause of concern in society. The aim of this study is to assess the Knowledge, awareness and perceptions of COVID-19 disease and related practices among students trough a questionnaire based survey. It has been seen that students are more active and comfortable online therefore an e-survey was conducted among COVID-19. Study outcomes with some interesting facts aboutstudent‟s knowledge, awareness and their perceptions for the same.","PeriodicalId":14252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"356-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89167051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20902/ijptr.2019.130411
S. Yenny
Background: Melasma is an acquired, irregularly patterned, light to dark-brown hypermelanosis, with symmetric distribution mostly over the face. Currently there is no published data about incidence of melasma in Indonesia. Methods: Retrospective study was conducted in patients with melasma from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018 in Dr. M. Djamil hospital padang, Indonesia. Results: Melasma was more prevalent in females (96.6%) and in Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV (60 %) and III (40 %). Among 60 patients, centrofacialmelasma was most common (48.3 %), Family history (58.1%) and sun exposure exceeding 1 hour (61.3%) were among the factors contributing to melasma development. The incidences of melasma in 2016-2018 varied every year, the most affected was in female 44-64 years old, the most clinical type is Centrofacial, and epidermal type from Wood’s lamp examination. Conclusions: This population was characterized by: a high incidence in females, Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV, diseasepresipitation by family history and sun exposure.
背景:黄褐斑是一种后天的，不规则的，浅至深褐色的黑色素增生，对称分布在脸部。目前没有关于印度尼西亚黄褐斑发病率的公开数据。方法:回顾性研究2016年1月1日至2018年12月31日在印度尼西亚巴东Dr. M. Djamil医院就诊的黄褐斑患者。结果:黄褐斑以女性(96.6%)、Fitzpatrick皮肤光型IV(60%)和III(40%)多见。60例患者中，面中性黄褐斑最为常见(48.3%)，家族史(58.1%)和日晒时间超过1小时(61.3%)是导致黄褐斑发生的因素。2016-2018年黄褐斑的发病率各不相同，以44-64岁女性为主，临床类型以面心型为主，Wood’s lamp检查以表皮型为主。结论:该人群的特点是:女性发病率高，Fitzpatrick皮肤光型IV，家族史和日晒可导致疾病。
{"title":"Clinico-Epidemiological Features of Melasma : A\u0000Retrospective Study from Dermatology-Venereology\u0000Department of Education Center Hospital in West Sumatera,\u0000Indonesia","authors":"S. Yenny","doi":"10.20902/ijptr.2019.130411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20902/ijptr.2019.130411","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Melasma is an acquired, irregularly patterned, light to dark-brown hypermelanosis, with symmetric distribution mostly over the face. Currently there is no published data about incidence of melasma in Indonesia. Methods: Retrospective study was conducted in patients with melasma from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018 in Dr. M. Djamil hospital padang, Indonesia. Results: Melasma was more prevalent in females (96.6%) and in Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV (60 %) and III (40 %). Among 60 patients, centrofacialmelasma was most common (48.3 %), Family history (58.1%) and sun exposure exceeding 1 hour (61.3%) were among the factors contributing to melasma development. The incidences of melasma in 2016-2018 varied every year, the most affected was in female 44-64 years old, the most clinical type is Centrofacial, and epidermal type from Wood’s lamp examination. Conclusions: This population was characterized by: a high incidence in females, Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV, diseasepresipitation by family history and sun exposure.","PeriodicalId":14252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"63 1","pages":"388-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80731861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20902/ijptr.2019.130201
Anshul Kumar, C. Majee, Vivek Namdev
Aim of the experiment was to develop a simple, specific and accurate reverse phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method for the determination of lamivudine in the tablet dosage forms. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Acquity UPLC HSST3 (2.1 x 100mm) 1.8 um particle size and the mobile phase containing 0.1%TFA: MeOH for lamivudine. The run time was 10 min and the retention time of lamivudine was about 4.6. The detection was carried out 215nm using photo diode array detector (PDA) with a flow rate 0.6 ml/min. The linearity of lamivudine with correlation coefficient 0.9998. The recovery was found in the range (100±10%). The developed method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines (ICH) with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy, method precision, system precision, solution stability and robustness.
{"title":"Analytical Method development and Validation of Lamivudine\u0000in Formulation by using Reversed Phase Ultra Performance\u0000Liquid Chromatography","authors":"Anshul Kumar, C. Majee, Vivek Namdev","doi":"10.20902/ijptr.2019.130201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20902/ijptr.2019.130201","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the experiment was to develop a simple, specific and accurate reverse phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method for the determination of lamivudine in the tablet dosage forms. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Acquity UPLC HSST3 (2.1 x 100mm) 1.8 um particle size and the mobile phase containing 0.1%TFA: MeOH for lamivudine. The run time was 10 min and the retention time of lamivudine was about 4.6. The detection was carried out 215nm using photo diode array detector (PDA) with a flow rate 0.6 ml/min. The linearity of lamivudine with correlation coefficient 0.9998. The recovery was found in the range (100±10%). The developed method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines (ICH) with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy, method precision, system precision, solution stability and robustness.","PeriodicalId":14252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"79 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74682660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20902/ijptr.2019.130107
A. Bharathi, K. Sree, D. S. Naik
To evaluate fast dissolving tablets for Roflumilast employing with novel superdisintegrant using lepidium sativum mucilage by using 23 factorial design.The physical, chemical and micromeritic studies were evaluated for the prepared mucilage. To estabish fast dissolving tablets of Roflumilast with lepidium sativum mucilage ie a superdisinitegrant in different ratios by using direct compression method employing 23 factorial design. All the fast dissolving tablets were evaluated pre compression and post compression parameters like dissolution efficiency (DE%) percent of drug dissolved at 5 min (PD5). The Lepidium sativum mucilage was to be found fine,free flowing crystaline powder and excellent swelling nature in water. The FTIR and DSC studies were indicated to no interactions between roflumilast and Lepidium sativum mucilage. All the formulation batches shows good quality with regrad to drug content (98±0.092 to 100±0.026)hardness(3.4±0.43 to 3.6±0.64)friability (0.21±0.04 to 0.88±0.42). The optimized formulation batch shows less disintegrant time (52±0.24). The In– Vitro wetting time was less (i.e., 90s) in optimized formulation F2. The water absorption ratio of the formulated tablets was found to be in the range of (90.3±0.027 ). The cumulative drug dissolved in the optimized formulation F2 was found to be ( 99%) in 5 min. Lepidium sativum mucilage was found to be a super disintegrant which enhanced the dissolution efficiency when combined with Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and hence it could be used in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets to provide immediate release of the contained drug within 5 min.
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Roflumilast Fast dissolving\u0000Tablets employing Lepidium sativum mucilage using 23\u0000Factorial design","authors":"A. Bharathi, K. Sree, D. S. Naik","doi":"10.20902/ijptr.2019.130107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20902/ijptr.2019.130107","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate fast dissolving tablets for Roflumilast employing with novel superdisintegrant using lepidium sativum mucilage by using 23 factorial design.The physical, chemical and micromeritic studies were evaluated for the prepared mucilage. To estabish fast dissolving tablets of Roflumilast with lepidium sativum mucilage ie a superdisinitegrant in different ratios by using direct compression method employing 23 factorial design. All the fast dissolving tablets were evaluated pre compression and post compression parameters like dissolution efficiency (DE%) percent of drug dissolved at 5 min (PD5). The Lepidium sativum mucilage was to be found fine,free flowing crystaline powder and excellent swelling nature in water. The FTIR and DSC studies were indicated to no interactions between roflumilast and Lepidium sativum mucilage. All the formulation batches shows good quality with regrad to drug content (98±0.092 to 100±0.026)hardness(3.4±0.43 to 3.6±0.64)friability (0.21±0.04 to 0.88±0.42). The optimized formulation batch shows less disintegrant time (52±0.24). The In– Vitro wetting time was less (i.e., 90s) in optimized formulation F2. The water absorption ratio of the formulated tablets was found to be in the range of (90.3±0.027 ). The cumulative drug dissolved in the optimized formulation F2 was found to be ( 99%) in 5 min. Lepidium sativum mucilage was found to be a super disintegrant which enhanced the dissolution efficiency when combined with Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and hence it could be used in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets to provide immediate release of the contained drug within 5 min.","PeriodicalId":14252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"52-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73223915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20902/ijptr.2019.130212
I HadaMasayu, A. Fauziah, K. Pin, Safwan K Ihsan, M. Shalini, J. Fadzureena, M. Azah, I. Sharmizi
The effect of drying temperature on the leaves of Vitex negundo was determined. Three levels of temperatures (40, 50 and 60°C) were used in the presented study. The initial moisture content of the leaves was 69.98%. Continuous drying at the above mentioned temperature levels was conducted to determine the drying time required to achieve equilibrium moisture content. The quality of dried leaves was evaluated based on the quantity of agnuside, a major compound in V. negundo using HPLC analysis. The fastest drying of the leaves was achieved at 60°C, followed by at 50°C, but HPLC results showed that dried V. negundo suffered at 40% reduction in agnuside content when drying at 60°C as compared to at 40°C. Slight reduction of agnuside was found in the sample dried at 50°C as compared to at 40°C. Whereas, antioxidant results showed that V. negundo leaves have significant level of phenolic content and the effect of drying at higher temperature has significantly reduce the amount of phenolics in V. negundo leaves. Total phenolic content of V. negundo leaves was highest at 50 °C drying temperature. Based on the findings of this work, the best convection oven drying condition for V. negundo leaves was at 50°C with the highest agnuside concentration of 502.224 mg/L and phenolic content of 286.7 ± 11.0 mg GAE/100g.
{"title":"Effect of Drying Temperatures on Chemical compounds and\u0000Antioxidant properties of Vitex negundo leaves","authors":"I HadaMasayu, A. Fauziah, K. Pin, Safwan K Ihsan, M. Shalini, J. Fadzureena, M. Azah, I. Sharmizi","doi":"10.20902/ijptr.2019.130212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20902/ijptr.2019.130212","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of drying temperature on the leaves of Vitex negundo was determined. Three levels of temperatures (40, 50 and 60°C) were used in the presented study. The initial moisture content of the leaves was 69.98%. Continuous drying at the above mentioned temperature levels was conducted to determine the drying time required to achieve equilibrium moisture content. The quality of dried leaves was evaluated based on the quantity of agnuside, a major compound in V. negundo using HPLC analysis. The fastest drying of the leaves was achieved at 60°C, followed by at 50°C, but HPLC results showed that dried V. negundo suffered at 40% reduction in agnuside content when drying at 60°C as compared to at 40°C. Slight reduction of agnuside was found in the sample dried at 50°C as compared to at 40°C. Whereas, antioxidant results showed that V. negundo leaves have significant level of phenolic content and the effect of drying at higher temperature has significantly reduce the amount of phenolics in V. negundo leaves. Total phenolic content of V. negundo leaves was highest at 50 °C drying temperature. Based on the findings of this work, the best convection oven drying condition for V. negundo leaves was at 50°C with the highest agnuside concentration of 502.224 mg/L and phenolic content of 286.7 ± 11.0 mg GAE/100g.","PeriodicalId":14252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"94-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72786907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20902/ijptr.2019.130305
K. Pakeeraiah, S. Mohanty, K. Eswar, K. Raju
Azo compounds are a very unique class of chemical compounds, drawing considerations in scientific research. Azo compounds are studied as class of organic colorants which have at least a conjugated chromophore azo (-N=N-) group in fusion with one or more aromatic or heterocyclic ring system. Benzimidazole derivatives are privileged intermediates for the development of molecules of pharmaceutical or biological interest. Benzimidazole derivatives have gathered wide applications in diverse therapeutic areas such as antiulcer, anticancer agents, and anthelmintic species to name just a few. Although many azo derivatives of benzimidazole nucleus has been reported in literature but only few of them have been evaluated for their biological potencies. This review focuses primarily on those derivatives which are evaluated as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antitubercular, and other medicinal agents. This review may be helpful for the investigators on the basis of substitution pattern on the nucleus with an objective to assist medicinal chemists for developing an SAR on azo benzimidazoles or similar compounds.
{"title":"Azo benzimidazole - A biologically active scaffold","authors":"K. Pakeeraiah, S. Mohanty, K. Eswar, K. Raju","doi":"10.20902/ijptr.2019.130305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20902/ijptr.2019.130305","url":null,"abstract":"Azo compounds are a very unique class of chemical compounds, drawing considerations in scientific research. Azo compounds are studied as class of organic colorants which have at least a conjugated chromophore azo (-N=N-) group in fusion with one or more aromatic or heterocyclic ring system. Benzimidazole derivatives are privileged intermediates for the development of molecules of pharmaceutical or biological interest. Benzimidazole derivatives have gathered wide applications in diverse therapeutic areas such as antiulcer, anticancer agents, and anthelmintic species to name just a few. Although many azo derivatives of benzimidazole nucleus has been reported in literature but only few of them have been evaluated for their biological potencies. This review focuses primarily on those derivatives which are evaluated as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antitubercular, and other medicinal agents. This review may be helpful for the investigators on the basis of substitution pattern on the nucleus with an objective to assist medicinal chemists for developing an SAR on azo benzimidazoles or similar compounds.","PeriodicalId":14252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"15 1-2 1","pages":"159-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72657115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20902/ijptr.2019.130203
Ndvr Saradhi, N. Gopal, C. Chetty, K. Sushmitha
Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicines detailing a number of medicinal plants and their activities in human or animals. The present research work was aimed to develop an analytical procedure for the determination of catechins in the selected plant B.Ciliata. It is famously known as stone flower/ stone breaker having various biological activities like anti urolithiatic, antiviral, antidiabetic antitumor and cardio protective activity. The methanolic extract of the plant is isolated and a method is developed by using RP HPLC for the determination of catechins in the crude plant extract using a C18 column (200*4.6mm, 5μ) and detected at 241 nm. The method is validated for its system suitability, Linearity, Accuracy, Precision, Robustness and sensitivity as per the ICH guidelines Q2(R1) to meet the analytical procedure in academic and industrial usage 19.
{"title":"Isolation, Characterization & Phytochemical Screening,\u0000Analytical Method Development and Validation for the\u0000Determination of Catechins in B.ciliata by RP HPLC Method","authors":"Ndvr Saradhi, N. Gopal, C. Chetty, K. Sushmitha","doi":"10.20902/ijptr.2019.130203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20902/ijptr.2019.130203","url":null,"abstract":"Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicines detailing a number of medicinal plants and their activities in human or animals. The present research work was aimed to develop an analytical procedure for the determination of catechins in the selected plant B.Ciliata. It is famously known as stone flower/ stone breaker having various biological activities like anti urolithiatic, antiviral, antidiabetic antitumor and cardio protective activity. The methanolic extract of the plant is isolated and a method is developed by using RP HPLC for the determination of catechins in the crude plant extract using a C18 column (200*4.6mm, 5μ) and detected at 241 nm. The method is validated for its system suitability, Linearity, Accuracy, Precision, Robustness and sensitivity as per the ICH guidelines Q2(R1) to meet the analytical procedure in academic and industrial usage 19.","PeriodicalId":14252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79097455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20902/ijptr.2019.130303
Muhammad Musa Khan, J. A. Siddiqui, Rana Muhammad Kaleem Ullah, M. F. Raza
Tribolium castaneum is an important stored grain pest. T. castaneum not only caused heavy losses in stored grain products, but it also becomes resistant to many pesticides, which makes pests more important. Synergism is an important tool to reduce the risk of the development of resistance. This study was designed to investigate the toxicity, synergism effect, and effect of the combination of different biopesticides on the fecundity of T. castaneum Results showed that among six biopesticides (Spinosad, Abamectin, Azadiractin, Rosemary oil, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Verticillium lecanii) the spinosad, rosemary oil, and M. anisopliae exerted maximum percent mortality. When these pesticides were mixed and used to assess the synergistic effect. Results revealed that spinosad + Rosemary oil was the most effective combination, and exerting caused more mortality as compared to spinosad + M. anisopliae and rosemary oil + M. anisopliae. Results also showed that the number of eggs laid per day was also recorded less in the insects which were exposed to spinosad + rosemary oil as compared to other treatments. The percent reproductive control was about 43% in spinosad + Rosemary oil combination as compared to other treatments. This study showed that the use of different pesticides with a different mode of action in small concentration can be more effective than a single pesticide with high concentration. This technique will effectively deal with pesticide resistance and also economical for the store owners.
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