Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20902/ijptr.2019.130307
Mamatha Tirunagari, Nagadivya Nerella, Anupama Koneru, Madihah, S. Sarfaraz, M. Mushtaq
Oral dosage forms are most popular among other dosage forms. In terms of bioavailability liquid dosage form is better than that of solid dosage form. In the present scenario monophagic liquid dosage forms such as syrups, elixirs, throat paints, mouth washes, gargles have gained huge popularity. These are very basic preparations which involve brief processes, machineries and are cost effective also. They come in wide range colours and flavors so as to attract the pediatric age group. Currently colors derived from natural sources are given priority compared to synthetic ones. In this study we formulated paracetamol which is a bitter drug as an elixir using natural colorant from annatto seeds at three different concentrations in F1, F2, and F3. Ethanol. Propylene glycol, mixed fruit juice, chloroform spirit, sucrose syrup and glycerin were also used. These formulations were evaluated for different physical parameters and it showed good results.
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Pediatric Paracetamol Elixir\u0000Using Natural Colorant","authors":"Mamatha Tirunagari, Nagadivya Nerella, Anupama Koneru, Madihah, S. Sarfaraz, M. Mushtaq","doi":"10.20902/ijptr.2019.130307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20902/ijptr.2019.130307","url":null,"abstract":"Oral dosage forms are most popular among other dosage forms. In terms of bioavailability liquid dosage form is better than that of solid dosage form. In the present scenario monophagic liquid dosage forms such as syrups, elixirs, throat paints, mouth washes, gargles have gained huge popularity. These are very basic preparations which involve brief processes, machineries and are cost effective also. They come in wide range colours and flavors so as to attract the pediatric age group. Currently colors derived from natural sources are given priority compared to synthetic ones. In this study we formulated paracetamol which is a bitter drug as an elixir using natural colorant from annatto seeds at three different concentrations in F1, F2, and F3. Ethanol. Propylene glycol, mixed fruit juice, chloroform spirit, sucrose syrup and glycerin were also used. These formulations were evaluated for different physical parameters and it showed good results.","PeriodicalId":14252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"196 1","pages":"180-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79886543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20902/ijptr.2019.130306
Dharmendra Solanki, Mohit Motiwale, S. Mahapatra
Sustained-release (SR) matrix tablets of Acyclovir and polysaccharide isolated from corms of Colocasia esculenta, at different drug to polymer ratios, were prepared by using wet granulation method. The formulated tablets were also characterized by physical and chemical parameters and results were found in acceptable limits. The investigation focuses on the influence of the proportion of the matrix material on the mechanism and the release rate of the drug from the tablets. In vitro drug release appears to occur both by diffusion and a swelling-controlled mechanism, indicates the drug release from the tablet was non-Fickian super case II transport. The drug release data fit well to the Zero-order drug release Model and the Korsmeyer equation.
{"title":"Study of Drug Release Kinetics from Sustained Release\u0000Matrix Tablets of Acyclovir using Natural Polymer Obtained\u0000from Colocasia Esculenta","authors":"Dharmendra Solanki, Mohit Motiwale, S. Mahapatra","doi":"10.20902/ijptr.2019.130306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20902/ijptr.2019.130306","url":null,"abstract":"Sustained-release (SR) matrix tablets of Acyclovir and polysaccharide isolated from corms of Colocasia esculenta, at different drug to polymer ratios, were prepared by using wet granulation method. The formulated tablets were also characterized by physical and chemical parameters and results were found in acceptable limits. The investigation focuses on the influence of the proportion of the matrix material on the mechanism and the release rate of the drug from the tablets. In vitro drug release appears to occur both by diffusion and a swelling-controlled mechanism, indicates the drug release from the tablet was non-Fickian super case II transport. The drug release data fit well to the Zero-order drug release Model and the Korsmeyer equation.","PeriodicalId":14252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"172-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91176102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20902/ijptr.2019.130207
Myrene R. Dsouza, Sapam Athoibi, S. Prabha
Andrographis paniculata (Family: Acanthaceae) is one the most commonly used ethno-medicinal plants in certain parts of Asia and European countries. The phytochemical analysis of the leaves of A. paniculata in aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, hydromethanolic (1:1) and hydroethanolic (1:1) extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, amino acid, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, xanthoproteins and phenols. The total phenolic, flavonoid contents and FRAP values were found to be highest in the hydromethanolic extract i.e., 0.23 ± 0.008 mg GAE/g of FWt, 0.031± 0.00 mg QE/g FWt and1.261 ± 0.03 mM FeSO4 respectively. Invitro antioxidant capacity by linear regression analysis was measured by assaying DPPH radical and H2O2 scavenging capacities. The respective IC50 values of the hydromethanolic extract of the plant were found to be 86.51 μg/ml and 298.27 μg/ml. The IC50 values for in vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by heat induced protein denaturation (IC50 diclofenac = 574.06 μg/ml, IC50 APE = 179.7 μg/ml) and RBC membrane stabilization assay (IC50 diclofenac = 337.64 μg/ml, IC50 APE = 143.07 μg/ml). The IC50 values for in vitro anti-diabetic activities were evaluated by α-amylase inhibition (IC50 acarbose = 379.71 μg/ml, IC50 APE = 328.54 μg/ml). In addition, glucose diffusion was also monitored. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was studied against common pathogens using well diffusion method. The purification of Andrographolide was carried out using different physical separation techniques such as extraction and crystallization followed by drying.
穿心莲(穿心莲科)是亚洲和欧洲某些地区最常用的民族药用植物之一。对水、甲醇、乙醇、氢甲醇(1:1)和氢乙醇(1:1)提取物进行了植物化学分析，发现其中含有碳水化合物、氨基酸、生物碱、皂苷、单宁、黄酮类、萜类、糖苷、黄质蛋白和酚类物质。水甲醇提取物的总酚、类黄酮含量和FRAP值最高，分别为0.23±0.008 mg GAE/g FWt、0.031±0.00 mg QE/g FWt和1.261±0.03 mM FeSO4。采用线性回归法测定体外抗氧化能力，测定DPPH自由基和H2O2清除能力。结果表明，两种提取物的IC50值分别为86.51 μg/ml和298.27 μg/ml。采用热诱导蛋白变性(IC50双氯芬酸= 574.06 μg/ml, IC50 APE = 179.7 μg/ml)和红细胞膜稳定性(IC50双氯芬酸= 337.64 μg/ml, IC50 APE = 143.07 μg/ml)测定体外抗炎活性的IC50值。采用α-淀粉酶抑制法测定其体外抗糖尿病活性的IC50值(阿卡波糖IC50 = 379.71 μg/ml, APE IC50 = 328.54 μg/ml)。此外，还监测了葡萄糖的扩散。采用孔扩散法研究了提取物对常见病原菌的抑菌活性。采用萃取、结晶、干燥等物理分离技术对穿心莲内酯进行了纯化。
{"title":"Pharmacognostical Investigation of Andrographis paniculata\u0000(Green Chiretta) and Crystallization of the Bioactive\u0000component Andrographolide","authors":"Myrene R. Dsouza, Sapam Athoibi, S. Prabha","doi":"10.20902/ijptr.2019.130207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20902/ijptr.2019.130207","url":null,"abstract":"Andrographis paniculata (Family: Acanthaceae) is one the most commonly used ethno-medicinal plants in certain parts of Asia and European countries. The phytochemical analysis of the leaves of A. paniculata in aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, hydromethanolic (1:1) and hydroethanolic (1:1) extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, amino acid, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, xanthoproteins and phenols. The total phenolic, flavonoid contents and FRAP values were found to be highest in the hydromethanolic extract i.e., 0.23 ± 0.008 mg GAE/g of FWt, 0.031± 0.00 mg QE/g FWt and1.261 ± 0.03 mM FeSO4 respectively. Invitro antioxidant capacity by linear regression analysis was measured by assaying DPPH radical and H2O2 scavenging capacities. The respective IC50 values of the hydromethanolic extract of the plant were found to be 86.51 μg/ml and 298.27 μg/ml. The IC50 values for in vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by heat induced protein denaturation (IC50 diclofenac = 574.06 μg/ml, IC50 APE = 179.7 μg/ml) and RBC membrane stabilization assay (IC50 diclofenac = 337.64 μg/ml, IC50 APE = 143.07 μg/ml). The IC50 values for in vitro anti-diabetic activities were evaluated by α-amylase inhibition (IC50 acarbose = 379.71 μg/ml, IC50 APE = 328.54 μg/ml). In addition, glucose diffusion was also monitored. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was studied against common pathogens using well diffusion method. The purification of Andrographolide was carried out using different physical separation techniques such as extraction and crystallization followed by drying.","PeriodicalId":14252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"40-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89603769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20902/ijptr.2019.130102
Rubina Shaheen, Dr S. H. Rizwan
Emtricitabine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the prevention of HIV infection. This drug's, clinical and pharmaceutical analysis requires effective analytical procedures and stability studies for quality control and pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic studies. A comprehensive literature survey published in various journals related to analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry was conducted and instrumental analytical methods were developed and used in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical dosage form as single and combined with other drugs. This review will critically examine UV spectroscopy analytical methods (simultaneous equation method, derivative spectrophotometric method, absorption ratio and Qbased method), High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), High-performance thinlayer chromatography (HPTLC), Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on The Estimation of Emtricitabine\u0000Individually and in Combination With other Drugs","authors":"Rubina Shaheen, Dr S. H. Rizwan","doi":"10.20902/ijptr.2019.130102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20902/ijptr.2019.130102","url":null,"abstract":"Emtricitabine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the prevention of HIV infection. This drug's, clinical and pharmaceutical analysis requires effective analytical procedures and stability studies for quality control and pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic studies. A comprehensive literature survey published in various journals related to analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry was conducted and instrumental analytical methods were developed and used in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical dosage form as single and combined with other drugs. This review will critically examine UV spectroscopy analytical methods (simultaneous equation method, derivative spectrophotometric method, absorption ratio and Qbased method), High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), High-performance thinlayer chromatography (HPTLC), Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS).","PeriodicalId":14252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"6-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75892851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20902/ijptr.2019.130210
Jalil K. Shaikh, M. AjayBabu, M. Farooqui, Ummul Khair Asema Syed
A Simple, rapid, cost effective, stability indicating RP-HPLC method has been developed for separation of Metformin HCl, its related impurities and Acarbose. Validated the method for simultaneous estimation of Metformin (MF) and Acarbose (ACB) in its novel combination of tablet formulation with Metformin 500 mg and Acarbose 50 mg. Metformin HCl is an orally-administered biguanide, anti-hyperglycemic agent, used in the management of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Acarbose is an oligosaccharide, used orally for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The separation was achieved by using isocratic mobile phase consisting of mixture of phosphate buffer : acetonitrile (27:73 v/v), using Hypersil APS2 column, (250 x 4.6 mm x 5m) column at flow rate 2.0 mL/min. The detection was carried out at 210 nm with 20 μl of injection volume. The column temperature was maintained at 35 °C. The retention time (RT) of MF, its related impurities and ACB were found to be RT 2.6 min for 1-Cynogaunidine (RC A), 6.0 for Metformin (MF), 8.5 for 1-Methylbigaunidine (RC B), 10.4 for N,N-Dimethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine(RC C), and 12.2 min for Acarbose (ACB). The approach was found to be linear with the concentration of 5-25 μg/ml and 2.515μg/ml and correlation coefficient was 0.999 for MF and ACB respectively. The assay of estimated compounds was found to be 99.19% and 99.08% w/v and mean accuracy 100.66%, 101.59% for MF and ACB respectively. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The degradation products were well resolved from main peak. The validation was performed for various parameters like specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness studies. The method was found to be capable for simultaneous quantification of Metformin and Acarbose in its combination drug.
建立了一种简单、快速、经济、稳定的反相高效液相色谱分离盐酸二甲双胍及其相关杂质和阿卡波糖的方法。验证了以二甲双胍500 mg、阿卡波糖50 mg的新型复方片剂中二甲双胍(MF)和阿卡波糖(ACB)的同时测定方法。盐酸二甲双胍是一种口服双胍类抗高血糖药物，用于治疗非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病。阿卡波糖是一种低聚糖，用于口服治疗2型糖尿病。采用由磷酸缓冲液:乙腈(27:73 v/v)组成的等容流动相，柱为Hypersil APS2，柱为(250 × 4.6 mm × 5m)，流速2.0 mL/min。检测波长为210 nm，进样量为20 μl。柱温保持在35℃。MF及其相关杂质和ACB的保留时间分别为:1-Cynogaunidine (RC A) 2.6 min, Metformin (MF) 6.0 min, 1- methylbigauidine (RC B) 8.5 min,N,N-二甲基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三胺(RC C) 10.4 min，阿卡波糖(ACB) 12.2 min。该方法在5 ~ 25 μg/ml和2.515μg/ml浓度范围内呈线性关系，相关系数分别为0.999。估计化合物的w/v分别为99.19%和99.08%，对MF和ACB的平均准确度分别为100.66%和101.59%。所开发的方法按照ICH指南进行了验证。降解产物从主峰得到很好的分解。对特异性、线性度、精密度、准确度和稳健性等参数进行了验证。结果表明，该方法可同时测定复方药物中二甲双胍和阿卡波糖的含量。
{"title":"An Innovative Method For Estimation Of Metformin HCl and\u0000Acarbose in Pharmaceutical Products and Seperation of\u0000Metformin Impurities By RP-HPLC","authors":"Jalil K. Shaikh, M. AjayBabu, M. Farooqui, Ummul Khair Asema Syed","doi":"10.20902/ijptr.2019.130210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20902/ijptr.2019.130210","url":null,"abstract":"A Simple, rapid, cost effective, stability indicating RP-HPLC method has been developed for separation of Metformin HCl, its related impurities and Acarbose. Validated the method for simultaneous estimation of Metformin (MF) and Acarbose (ACB) in its novel combination of tablet formulation with Metformin 500 mg and Acarbose 50 mg. Metformin HCl is an orally-administered biguanide, anti-hyperglycemic agent, used in the management of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Acarbose is an oligosaccharide, used orally for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The separation was achieved by using isocratic mobile phase consisting of mixture of phosphate buffer : acetonitrile (27:73 v/v), using Hypersil APS2 column, (250 x 4.6 mm x 5m) column at flow rate 2.0 mL/min. The detection was carried out at 210 nm with 20 μl of injection volume. The column temperature was maintained at 35 °C. The retention time (RT) of MF, its related impurities and ACB were found to be RT 2.6 min for 1-Cynogaunidine (RC A), 6.0 for Metformin (MF), 8.5 for 1-Methylbigaunidine (RC B), 10.4 for N,N-Dimethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine(RC C), and 12.2 min for Acarbose (ACB). The approach was found to be linear with the concentration of 5-25 μg/ml and 2.515μg/ml and correlation coefficient was 0.999 for MF and ACB respectively. The assay of estimated compounds was found to be 99.19% and 99.08% w/v and mean accuracy 100.66%, 101.59% for MF and ACB respectively. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The degradation products were well resolved from main peak. The validation was performed for various parameters like specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness studies. The method was found to be capable for simultaneous quantification of Metformin and Acarbose in its combination drug.","PeriodicalId":14252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"143 1","pages":"71-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79507156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20902/ijptr.2019.130316
K. Babu, R. Narayanan
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common pathological conditions with ulcers in the oral mucosa. Various conventional medicines are available in the market for RAS but due to a range of factors people are getting affected by RAS gradually. More over conventional medicines are all having the side effects so the alternative system for the treatment of RAS came in to the market. Although herbal medicines are widely used in India and other countries and multiple studies are conducted in this regard, but still many of the herbal plants are not utilized though they are having traditional claim. Aim of this is review is suggesting the herbal plants which are claimed for the treatment of mouth ulcer but scientifically validated for gastric ulcer by using animal models should also be validated for mouth ulcer by clinical trials and also which are used traditionally but not yet concentrated can be evaluated and used for the treatment of RAS..
{"title":"A Review on unexplored Plants for Recurrent Aphthous\u0000Stomatitis","authors":"K. Babu, R. Narayanan","doi":"10.20902/ijptr.2019.130316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20902/ijptr.2019.130316","url":null,"abstract":"Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common pathological conditions with ulcers in the oral mucosa. Various conventional medicines are available in the market for RAS but due to a range of factors people are getting affected by RAS gradually. More over conventional medicines are all having the side effects so the alternative system for the treatment of RAS came in to the market. Although herbal medicines are widely used in India and other countries and multiple studies are conducted in this regard, but still many of the herbal plants are not utilized though they are having traditional claim. Aim of this is review is suggesting the herbal plants which are claimed for the treatment of mouth ulcer but scientifically validated for gastric ulcer by using animal models should also be validated for mouth ulcer by clinical trials and also which are used traditionally but not yet concentrated can be evaluated and used for the treatment of RAS..","PeriodicalId":14252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"253-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72845857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20902/ijptr.2019.130111
R. Gunawan, Heru Rahmadhany, I. D. Winanto
Objective : The purposeofthis study wastoanalyzetheabilityof TRISS in predictingthe prognosis ofpolytraumapatients in the Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan, January 2016 toDecember 2018. Material and Method : This type of research is an analytic study with cross sectional design, which is a study by measuring independent variables and dependent variables at the same time, which aims to analyze the ability of TRISS in predicting the prognosis of patients in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan January 2016 to December 2018. Results : From January 2016 December 2018, a total 175 polytrauma patients which mostly was adult patient (>18 y.o) observed. Based on sex, referral status and diagnosis, patients with polytrauma dominated in patients with male sex(143 patients), referred patient (68patients) and diagnosed with head injury (29 patients). Conclusion : There is an influence between TRISS Score on the prognosis of polytrauma patients.
{"title":"Trauma Analysis Related Injury Severity Score (Triss) in\u0000Predicting the Prognosis of Politrauma Patients in Adam\u0000Malik General Hospital","authors":"R. Gunawan, Heru Rahmadhany, I. D. Winanto","doi":"10.20902/ijptr.2019.130111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20902/ijptr.2019.130111","url":null,"abstract":"Objective : The purposeofthis study wastoanalyzetheabilityof TRISS in predictingthe prognosis ofpolytraumapatients in the Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan, January 2016 toDecember 2018. Material and Method : This type of research is an analytic study with cross sectional design, which is a study by measuring independent variables and dependent variables at the same time, which aims to analyze the ability of TRISS in predicting the prognosis of patients in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan January 2016 to December 2018. Results : From January 2016 December 2018, a total 175 polytrauma patients which mostly was adult patient (>18 y.o) observed. Based on sex, referral status and diagnosis, patients with polytrauma dominated in patients with male sex(143 patients), referred patient (68patients) and diagnosed with head injury (29 patients). Conclusion : There is an influence between TRISS Score on the prognosis of polytrauma patients.","PeriodicalId":14252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77274333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20902/ijptr.2019.130314
Chandrajeet Kumar Yadav, Manish Karn, P. Yadav, R. Mehta
The Present study aimed to prepare fast dissolving oral films (FDFs) of metoclopramide hydrochloride, because of its application in emesis condition where fast onset of action and avoidance of water is highly desirable. Moreover, this dosage form is highly useful in pediatrics, geriatrics and unconscious patients. FDFs were prepared by solvent casting technique with film forming polymers HPMC, PVA & Sodium alginate in varying concentrations with excipients like SLS as surfactant, Glycerol as plasticizer, citric acid as saliva stimulating agent, Sodium Saccharin as sweetening agent. The film of 2×3 cm was prepared by casting into a petridish of calculated size and dried in dryer at temperature 40˚c. The In-Vitro evaluation of characteristics like Film Thickness, Weight Variation, disintegration time, dissolution study, surface pH, content uniformity was studied. The best formulation was found to be F5 containing polymer PVA and Sodium alginate in the ratio 2:1, with disintegration time 24 seconds, and dissolution profile of 75% in 60 seconds and 90% in 90 seconds. The content uniformity of all the formulations was found to be within the limit (98-101%). The disintegration time of all the formulations was found to be below 30 seconds except F4 (26 sec.). Thus, fast dissolving Films of Metoclopramide hydrochloride can be successfully formulated and will be used as a novel drug dosage form for paediatric and geriatric with improved patient compliance and enhanced bioavailability.
{"title":"Formulation, Optimization and In-vitro Evaluation of Fast\u0000Dissolving Oral films of Metoclopramide Hydrochloride by\u0000Solvent Casting method","authors":"Chandrajeet Kumar Yadav, Manish Karn, P. Yadav, R. Mehta","doi":"10.20902/ijptr.2019.130314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20902/ijptr.2019.130314","url":null,"abstract":"The Present study aimed to prepare fast dissolving oral films (FDFs) of metoclopramide hydrochloride, because of its application in emesis condition where fast onset of action and avoidance of water is highly desirable. Moreover, this dosage form is highly useful in pediatrics, geriatrics and unconscious patients. FDFs were prepared by solvent casting technique with film forming polymers HPMC, PVA & Sodium alginate in varying concentrations with excipients like SLS as surfactant, Glycerol as plasticizer, citric acid as saliva stimulating agent, Sodium Saccharin as sweetening agent. The film of 2×3 cm was prepared by casting into a petridish of calculated size and dried in dryer at temperature 40˚c. The In-Vitro evaluation of characteristics like Film Thickness, Weight Variation, disintegration time, dissolution study, surface pH, content uniformity was studied. The best formulation was found to be F5 containing polymer PVA and Sodium alginate in the ratio 2:1, with disintegration time 24 seconds, and dissolution profile of 75% in 60 seconds and 90% in 90 seconds. The content uniformity of all the formulations was found to be within the limit (98-101%). The disintegration time of all the formulations was found to be below 30 seconds except F4 (26 sec.). Thus, fast dissolving Films of Metoclopramide hydrochloride can be successfully formulated and will be used as a novel drug dosage form for paediatric and geriatric with improved patient compliance and enhanced bioavailability.","PeriodicalId":14252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"249 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76627200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20902/ijptr.2019.130215
J. Mamangkey, D. Suryanto, E. Munir, A. Z. Mustopa
Keratinolyticbacteria of A. chrocoocum B4 was evaluated for its potential of antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Kirby-Bauer method was used to know antibacterial potential of B4 againtsStaphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus sp., enteropathogenicEscherichia coli, Enterobactersakazakii, and Salmonella enterica. Antioxydant test was done using DPPH radical scavenging activity assay with ascorbic acid as a controll. In this study, hydrolysate of pellet, dialysis, and fraction 25 of B4 keratinase purification of previous study was used for antibacterial and antioxidant test. The result showed that B4 hydrolysatesinhibited Gram positive pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, and Gram negative Enterobacter sakazakii. All hydrolysates showed to have antioxidant properties in which fraction 25 showed higher compared to that of others. This study showed poultry waste-derived keratinase of B4 might be useful as supplementary protein, antibacterial, and antioxidant in the animal feed formulations.
{"title":"Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Newly Keratinolytic\u0000Bacteria, Azotobacter chroococcum B4","authors":"J. Mamangkey, D. Suryanto, E. Munir, A. Z. Mustopa","doi":"10.20902/ijptr.2019.130215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20902/ijptr.2019.130215","url":null,"abstract":"Keratinolyticbacteria of A. chrocoocum B4 was evaluated for its potential of antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Kirby-Bauer method was used to know antibacterial potential of B4 againtsStaphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus sp., enteropathogenicEscherichia coli, Enterobactersakazakii, and Salmonella enterica. Antioxydant test was done using DPPH radical scavenging activity assay with ascorbic acid as a controll. In this study, hydrolysate of pellet, dialysis, and fraction 25 of B4 keratinase purification of previous study was used for antibacterial and antioxidant test. The result showed that B4 hydrolysatesinhibited Gram positive pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, and Gram negative Enterobacter sakazakii. All hydrolysates showed to have antioxidant properties in which fraction 25 showed higher compared to that of others. This study showed poultry waste-derived keratinase of B4 might be useful as supplementary protein, antibacterial, and antioxidant in the animal feed formulations.","PeriodicalId":14252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73665973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20902/ijptr.2019.130113
P. K. R. Rao, C. Rajakumar
This research work is aimed to evaluate the suitability of cement kiln dust for stabilization of expansive clay soil in Coimbatore. The laboratory work involved index properties to classify the soil sample. The preliminary investigation of the soil shows that it belongs to CH class of soil in the BIS soil classification system. Soils under this class are generally of poor engineering use. Atterberg limits, free swell, free swell index, compaction, UCS and CBR tests were used to evaluate properties of stabilized soil. The soil was stabilized with cement kiln dust in stepped concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by dry weight of the soil. Analysis of the results shows that high improvement on the geotechnical properties of cement kiln dust stabilized soil. Cement kiln dust reduces plasticity index, swelling and MDD with an increase in OMC, UCS and CBR with all higher cement kiln dust contents. From this study it was found out that cement kiln dust stabilized soil meet the minimum requirement of IRC pavement specification for use as a sub-grade material in road construction.
{"title":"Green Stabilization of Clay Soil Using Cement Kiln Dust","authors":"P. K. R. Rao, C. Rajakumar","doi":"10.20902/ijptr.2019.130113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20902/ijptr.2019.130113","url":null,"abstract":"This research work is aimed to evaluate the suitability of cement kiln dust for stabilization of expansive clay soil in Coimbatore. The laboratory work involved index properties to classify the soil sample. The preliminary investigation of the soil shows that it belongs to CH class of soil in the BIS soil classification system. Soils under this class are generally of poor engineering use. Atterberg limits, free swell, free swell index, compaction, UCS and CBR tests were used to evaluate properties of stabilized soil. The soil was stabilized with cement kiln dust in stepped concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by dry weight of the soil. Analysis of the results shows that high improvement on the geotechnical properties of cement kiln dust stabilized soil. Cement kiln dust reduces plasticity index, swelling and MDD with an increase in OMC, UCS and CBR with all higher cement kiln dust contents. From this study it was found out that cement kiln dust stabilized soil meet the minimum requirement of IRC pavement specification for use as a sub-grade material in road construction.","PeriodicalId":14252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PharmTech Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"109-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80639601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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