Dental caries is prevalent among children, including those with disabilities. Although the World Health Organization recommends school-based oral health promotion (OHP) programmes involving teachers, limited research has explored teachers' roles and perspectives.
To assess special education teachers' involvement and difficulties regarding oral health education (OHE), attitudes towards OHP and barriers to oral healthcare access for students with disabilities (SWDs).
This descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, involved 264 special education teachers using a validated, self-administered questionnaire, and descriptive and analytical statistics were used for data analysis.
Only 39% of teachers incorporated OHE into their teaching, and just 20.8% received training for OHE delivery. Teachers showed strong support for integrating OHE into the curriculum (84.1%) and a no-sugar policy (78%). There was, however, less support for school-based toothbrushing (39%). OHE barriers included insufficient resources (56.1%), limited knowledge (29.2%) and misconceptions about primary teeth removal (47.4%). The three most common barriers to oral healthcare access were extended waiting lists (75.0%), long waiting times (73.1%) and fear of dental equipment (67.4%).
This study highlights the need for collaboration between healthcare professionals, educators and parents to enhance OHE and reinforce OHP for SWDs within special education and beyond.
Early establishment of healthy oral health behaviours is important to reduce early childhood caries risk. Two-way social media applications can economically assist caregivers.
To evaluate the effectiveness of a LINE™ messaging service (MS) on promoting good oral health behaviors in Thai children.
One hundred and ninety caregiver–child dyads (children aged 6–36 months) who attended a university dental hospital and two other hospitals were randomly assigned to receive age-appropriate dental health education via MS or through traditional on-site visits. Infographic posters, video clips, and supportive messages were delivered weekly to the MS group. Parental oral health knowledge and children's oral health status and practice were assessed at baseline and 6-month follow-up.
The MS group showed significantly better scores in feeding habits (p = .034) and toothbrushing practice (p = .007). Parental knowledge increased in both groups; however, knowledge increased significantly in the control group (p = .001). Both groups exhibited improvements in the debris score but not in caries progression. The caregivers rated both methods as high to the highest satisfaction.
The MS yielded comparable outcomes to traditional dental visits in promoting oral health behaviours.
Limited evidence exists on the treatment options of tooth repositioning after intrusive luxation.
The study aimed to investigate the outcomes and complications of orthodontic extrusion in treating intruded maxillary permanent incisors.
A prospective study was conducted involving 28 intruded maxillary permanent incisors treated with orthodontic extrusion, compared with a retrospective control group of 29 teeth that underwent spontaneous re-eruption. The success rate of tooth repositioning, as well as pulp condition, periodontal healing, and root development were assessed and compared.
The success rate of orthodontic extrusion was 96.4%, excluding one tooth that was ankylosed before treatment. There were no significant differences in pulp condition between the orthodontic extrusion and control groups for teeth with immature root development. Teeth with mature root development in the orthodontic group, however, showed a significantly higher rate of pulp necrosis (100%, p < .05). Periodontal healing outcomes were similar across both groups, regardless of the maturity of root development. The root length continued increasing during orthodontic extrusion treatment.
Orthodontic extrusion treatment could effectively reposition moderately to severely intrusive permanent incisors, without increasing the risk of complications compared with spontaneous re-eruption.
Health literacy (HL) refers to an individual's ability to access, understand, and apply health information to make informed decisions about their health. On the contrary, oral health literacy (OHL) focuses on an individual's ability to understand and utilize oral health information to maintain good oral health.
This study presents a comprehensive literature review that explores the theoretical foundations and practical applications of HL and OHL.
A comprehensive search was conducted using keywords on the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
The existing literature on various aspects of HL, including the most common used definitions of HL, conceptual frameworks, and consequences of limited health and OHL, was summarized. Additionally, the review discussed the significance of HL and OHL. Also, the relation between parent level of OHL and children's oral health was described. It further highlights modern approaches that have been shown in previous studies to improve the OHL of primary caregivers.
Understanding the significance of HL and OHL is crucial in developing effective interventions that can address disparities and improve oral health outcomes for individuals of all backgrounds.
Premature loss of primary teeth presents a significant challenge in oral health, with conflicting views on using space maintainers.
To assess mandibular arch space changes associated with premature lower primary molar (PM) loss with or without a space maintainer.
A randomized clinical trial with children (6–9 years old) with premature loss of a lower PM divided into two groups: control group (CG), without a space maintainer, and intervention group (IG), with a space maintainer. Dental casts were measured at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Linear distance; intercanine width and length; and arch width, length, and perimeter were measured. ANOVA and t-test were applied (p = .05).
Twenty-six patients (mean: 7.3 years; standard deviation [SD]: 0.92) were included: 14 in CG and 12 in IG. CG had a greater space loss (−0.9 mm; SD: 0.45) than IG (−0.4 mm; SD: 0.61) at 3 months (p < .05). No difference between the groups was observed after 6 months (p = .610). CG decreases space at 6 months, especially with the first permanent molars without intercuspation (−2 mm; SD: 0.71; p = .007).
Premature lower PM loss resulted in reduced arch space loss after 6 months, regardless of a space maintainer use. CG showed more loss of space when the first permanent molars lacked intercuspal relationship.
Erosive tooth wear is a multifactorial and common condition in children.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence and key risk factors for erosive tooth wear in the primary dentition of children up to 7 years of age.
Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched in February 2023 for observational studies reporting prevalence and anamnestic risk factors. Additionally, a manual hand search was performed. Meta-analyses were conducted for the prevalence and odds ratios of identified risk factors. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale modified for cross-sectional studies.
A total of 26 sources, reporting on 23 studies, were included in the systematic review. The overall estimated prevalence of children with erosive tooth wear in the primary dentition amounted to 35.6% (95% CI: 24.8–48.1). Anamnestic factors were structured into domains. Meta-analyses revealed gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD; padj. = .008; OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.37–2.87), consumption of acidic food (padj. < .001; OR = 5.14, 95% CI: 3.56–7.42) and acidic drinks (padj. < .001; OR = 6.90, 95% CI: 4.64–10.25), holding beverages in the mouth while drinking (padj. = .035; OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.26–2.63), and snacking regularly (padj. = .041; OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.18–2.10) to be significantly associated with erosive tooth wear.
Future research should use standardized questionnaires to assess erosive tooth wear and its underlying risk factors (PROSPERO: CRD4202339776).
Common etiological factors have been reported in the development of molar–incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and dental anomalies (DA).
To assess the association between MIH and DAs.
A cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the presence of MIH and other six DAs in a sample of 415 pretreatment records from patients aged 9–18 years. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests, and logistic regressions.
There was statistically significant association between the prevalence of DAs and MIH (CI: 1.43–2.43, φ-coefficient: 0.204, PR: 1.87). Higher percentage of tooth agenesis (CI: 1.37–1.68, φ-coefficient: 0.271, PR: 1.50), maxillary premolar agenesis (CI: 1.70–3.65, φ-coefficient: 0.125, PR: 2.49), mandibular second premolar agenesis (CI: 1.68–3.16, φ-coefficient: 0.172, PR: 2.30) and distoangulation of the mandibular second premolars (CI: 1.31–3.47, φ-coefficient: 0.103, PR: 2.13) was observed among children who had MIH-affected teeth. Individuals with MIH had a 2.95 times greater chance of having DAs (R2 = .153). The number of patients with DAs was higher when the first molar showed severe defects (OR = 4.47; R2 = .149).
There is a weak association between MIH and DAs. Patients with severe MIH lesions have a slightly higher risk of presenting DAs.
Effective removal of dental plaque is essential factor for prevention of caries, gingival, and periodontal diseases in children and adults.
To evaluate factors associated with improving toothbrushing performance (TB-P) among children.
An observational cohort study analyzed all paediatric patients receiving regular examinations in a single dental clinic between 2009 and 2017 and regularly brushing their teeth with a triple-headed toothbrush (TH-TB). At every periodic follow-up, the TB-P of the child/parent was evaluated using the TB-P Skill Index (TB-PS-I); that is, did the child reach all five teeth segments within each arch and did he/she perform 10 back-and-forth stocks in each segment. When not optimal, they received instructions for improving TB-P and subsequently were asked to re-demonstrate. TB-PS-I was calculated and analyzed for correlation with other explanatory variables.
A total of 1737 children with 7399 follow-up appointments were analyzed. Older age, female gender, higher number of follow-up appointments, and compliance with twice-daily toothbrushing significantly improved TB-P. The most typical mistakes in their performance were not reaching the canine segments and not performing enough strokes in each segment. Instructions given after imperfect TB-P significantly improved the TB-P. The magnitude of improvement, however, did not correlate with the performers' age, gender, or the number of follow-up visits.
A significant percentage of children >8 years did not perform optimal toothbrushing even when using TH-TB.
There is limited evidence of succinic acid release from amber necklace that justifies its biological plausibility.
This study aimed to evaluate the release of succinic acid from Baltic amber beads in the presence of Staphylococcus epidermidis.
The Baltic amber beads from the necklace were stratified according to their weight (average 0.05 g ± 0.067). Subsequently, the beads (n = 8) were submerged in 0.9% buffered saline (Control) or brain–heart infusion culture medium in the presence of a commercial strain of S. epidermidis, a resident skin bacterium incubated at 37°C for 24 h or 7 days. The samples were centrifuged, and the supernatants were analyzed by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Multivariate analyses were adopted using the sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis method (p < .05).
The group incubated with saline solution showed small release of succinic acid only after 7 days. In the groups with S. epidermidis, the release of succinic acid was observed in the both presence and absence of amber beads, indicating that succinic acid is a product released by bacteria.
It was found that amber beads do not exhibit the ability to release expressive succinic acid, especially in a short period of time, which does not justify their use in infants. The most production of succinic acid is tributed to S. epidermidis.
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