International journal of paediatric dentistry最新文献

Background: Puppetry is a well-established three-dimensional art form of media that has been commonly utilized to tell stories and communicate messages. Its application in educational entertainment has become widespread and gained recognition.

Aim: This scoping review aimed to explore puppetry-based approaches in promoting dental and oral health for children.

Methods: A comprehensive search of eight databases was conducted using PRISMA-ScR guidelines, focusing on studies published up to August 2024.

Results: Ten studies were included in the review. A game-centered educational approach significantly enhanced children's dental knowledge and skills. Human models with mirror feedback were most effective, while giant tooth-brushing models and animal puppets had the lowest imitation rates. Puppet theater improved urban preschoolers' oral health but had no effect on rural children. Hand puppets, pop-up books, and animated videos significantly enhanced toothbrushing skills. Storytelling with hand puppets improved knowledge and attitude more than role-playing. Puppet shows and animated videos yielded notable posttest improvements in oral health knowledge and skills.

Conclusion: Puppetry-based education appears to be an effective strategy for improving oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among children, particularly in school and clinical settings.

Background: Salivary cytokine assessment provides a non-invasive method to evaluate the biocompatibility of metal-based restorative materials in paediatric dentistry. Changes in IL-17 may indicate early immunological responses to stainless steel crowns (SSCs).

Aim: To investigate salivary IL-2, IL-5, and IL-17 levels in children treated with SSCs and explore their potential immunological implications.

Design: Ten paediatric patients aged 3-9 years were included in this prospective study. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected before treatment and 7 days after SSC placement. Cytokine expression was measured using RT-qPCR. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA for cytokine expression and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for salivary nickel and chromium levels, with p < 0.05 considered significant.

Results: Baseline IL-2, IL-5, and IL-17 levels were low and comparable. 7 days after SSC placement, all cytokines increased. IL-17 and IL-5 showed significant upregulation, whereas IL-2 demonstrated only a minor, non-significant change. Salivary nickel and chromium concentrations increased mildly but remained well below established safety thresholds.

Conclusion: Stainless steel crowns (SSC) placement was associated with increased IL-5 and IL-17 expression, suggesting a localised, subclinical immune response potentially linked to low-level metal-ion exposure. These findings support the use of salivary cytokines as early biomarkers for assessing the biocompatibility and immunological safety of SSCs in paediatric patients.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: (NCT06439095).

Background: Enamel affected by molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) exhibits reduced mechanical properties due to its disorganised prismatic structure, lower mineral density and higher protein content. These alterations increase porosity and susceptibility to posteruptive enamel breakdown. Minimally invasive treatments, such as resin infiltration, have been proposed to reinforce enamel integrity. Recent advances suggest that transillumination can guide infiltration more accurately, allowing better visualisation of lesion extent and potentially improving treatment outcomes.

Aim: This case series evaluated the clinical suitability of transillumination-aided resin infiltration, specifically the utility of using transillumination to support resin infiltration treatment, for MIH-affected molars.

Design: Five MIH-affected first permanent molars from five paediatric patients, diagnosed according to EAPD criteria for MIH, were included. One molar presented with two distinct lesions, leading to the inclusion of six lesions in total. Transillumination was used to assess the lesion appearance, to assist with selective surface removal and to monitor the resin infiltration process to assess when it was completed, that is, when the lesion either fully disappeared visually or no change was visible anymore under transmitted light.

Results: Transillumination was employed successfully to assist with resin infiltration treatment and to assess the treatment outcome. Four lesions showed partial and two complete infiltrations visually, indicating putatively that the porous lesion structure is strengthened. No complications were reported during treatment.

Conclusions: Transillumination was successfully utilised to support resin infiltration in MIH-affected molars and to visualise the quality of infiltration, serving as a potential surrogate outcome measure. Future research should explore long-term clinical outcomes and the impact on patients' quality of life.

Background: Dental caries is a widespread oral disease linked to systemic health. Asthma, a chronic airway condition, impacts quality of life and may influence oral health. While evidence on the association between asthma and caries is inconclusive, some studies suggest asthma increases caries risk. This study applies Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate their potential causal relationship.

Methods: A bidirectional MR analysis was conducted using publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data. Suitable instrumental variables (IVs) were chosen in accordance with three key MR analysis assumptions. The primary method employed was the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, with supplementary methods including MR-Egger regression, Weighted Median, Simple Mode, Weighted Mode, and the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier techniques.

Results: MR analysis showed a significant positive association between dental caries and asthma (IVW OR > 1, p < 0.05). No causal effect of asthma on dental caries was detected (p > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses confirmed no heterogeneity or pleiotropy, supporting the robustness of these findings.

Conclusions: This study suggests that dental caries may contribute to asthma development, while asthma does not directly influence dental caries. Maintaining good oral health could help reduce asthma risk, highlighting the need for integrated oral and respiratory health strategies.

Background: Tongue-lip motor function is essential for speech and swallowing. However, research on oral diadochokinesis (ODK), an indicator of this function, remains limited among Japanese children.

Aim: To provide foundational ODK data in Japanese children and examine its associations with grade, sex and dental and anthropometric variables.

Design: Data from the 2022-2023 Kuroishi Oral Health Study were analysed for 464 third- to sixth-grade students. ODK (/pa/, /ta/, /ka/), grade, sex, total number of teeth, decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index, and body mass index (BMI) were examined using analysis of variance, t-tests, and multiple regression.

Results: Mean ODK values increased with grade, with sixth-graders showing significantly higher values than third-, fourth- or fifth-graders. Across all syllables, girls showed significantly higher values than boys in fourth or fifth grades, with no significant differences in third or sixth grades. No significant associations were found between ODK and the total number of teeth, DMFT index or BMI.

Conclusion: This study provides foundational ODK data in Japanese children, highlighting grade- and sex-related variations. These findings enhance the understanding of tongue-lip motor function development and may serve as a reference for future research and clinical assessments.

Background: Preoperative familiarisation using virtual reality (VR) devices before dental treatment is an innovative strategy to manage dental anxiety in children.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative immersive and non-immersive VR exposure in children with dental anxiety and its correlation with physiological response.

Design: A total of 66 children aged 9-12 years with dental anxiety were randomised into immersive VR exposure (IVRE), non-immersive VR exposure (NIVRE), and control groups. Before receiving a fissure sealant on one permanent molar, IVRE participants navigated a virtual dental clinic, NIVRE participants viewed dental-themed cartoons, and controls waited as usual. Pre- and post-intervention anxiety (Malay-MCDAS_f) and pulse rate were analysed using ANOVA, paired t-tests, and Pearson's correlation.

Results: Of 66 participants, two dropped out. IVRE and NIVRE significantly reduced dental anxiety compared to control (IVRE vs. Control: p = 0.008; NIVRE vs. Control: p = 0.009), with large effect sizes. No significant differences in PR reductions between groups (p = 0.052, d = 0.09), indicating a small clinical effect. A significant postoperative correlation existed between Malay-MCDAS_f and PR (r = 0.285, p = 0.022).

Conclusion: VR reduced children's preoperative dental anxiety but did not significantly affect pulse rate. The correlation between self-reported anxiety and physiological response highlights VR's potential as an adjunct in paediatric anxiety management (197 words).

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05854329; National Medical Research Register: NMRR ID-23-01114-ATC.

Background: The association between light-polymerised resin-based fluoride-releasing sealants and pit-and-fissure caries on primary molars is unclear.

Aim: To investigate the efficacy of resin-based fissure sealants in preventing caries on primary molars.

Design: In this retrospective study of patients attending a tertiary dental hospital for at least 30 months, records of 106 children (275 teeth) were reviewed. Sealant placement on primary molars in the outpatient clinic (OPC) and under general anaesthesia (GA) was recorded, measuring caries incidence over time.

Results: Of the 275 teeth, 94 (34.2%) developed caries during this period. Among those carious teeth, 17 teeth (18.1%) were sealed compared to the 77 (81.9%) non-sealed (p < 0.001). In molars that developed caries, those sealed under GA were associated with longer caries-free mean duration compared to the non-sealed molars (3.07 years compared with 2.32 years, respectively, p < 0.001). Among teeth sealed in OPC, one tooth developed caries. An adjusted hazard ratio of 0.048 (95% CI: 0.025-0.090, p < 0.001) demonstrated a 95.2% lower hazard of caries development in the sealant group compared to the non-sealant group.

Conclusion: Sealed primary molars are less likely to develop pit-and-fissure caries in OPC and GA, with a substantial long-term protective effect observed in the GA-treated group.

Background: Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) in children are often under-recognized, with prevalence estimates typically approaching 70% according to recent epidemiological studies. This range complicates interpretation and highlights the need for standardized diagnostic protocols. Facial biotype has been proposed as a potential risk factor, given reported links between craniofacial features and temporomandibular joint alterations, yet pediatric evidence remains limited.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of TMD and its association with facial biotype in Chilean children aged 7-14 years, providing relevant data for early clinical intervention.

Methods: A cross-sectional study evaluated TMD and facial biotypes in 83 participants aged 7-14. Axis I of the DC/TMD adapted for children identified TMD, incorporating recognized diagnostic criteria. Cephalometric analysis using Ricketts' VERT index determined each participant's facial biotype.

Results: The study found a 27.71% TMD prevalence. A significant association was observed between the dolichofacial biotype and articular disorders, specifically disc displacement with reduction and arthralgia. These findings suggest a potential relationship between facial biotype and articular disorders in pediatric populations.

Conclusion: Among Chilean children aged 7-14, TMD prevalence reached 27.71%. Furthermore, the dolichofacial biotype was linked to articular disorders, highlighting the value of recognizing facial patterns to facilitate early intervention.