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Utilization of Steel Slag in Concrete as a Partial Replacement to Fine Aggregate 钢渣在混凝土中的部分替代细骨料的应用
Pub Date : 2016-07-02 DOI: 10.18535/IJSRE/V4I07.02
Shriver Padha, Ravi Kumar
Concrete is largest produced material in the construction industry and as per WHO concrete is the largest consumed material by human beings after food and water. About 75% of the concrete is composed of aggregates and because of huge demand of concrete all over the world, availability of natural aggregates is becoming scarce. Civil engineers have always been looking for an alternative for the use of more eco-friendly and easily available materials as a replacement to conventional constituents in concrete. Concrete industry has always welcomed the use of various industrial waste materials as a replacement to these constituents since, otherwise such industrial waste need to be disposed in the form of landfills causing enormous amount of land pollution. This project presents the experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete by steel slag which is waste product generated during the production of steel. The use of steel slag reduces the need of natural rock as constructional material, hence preserving our natural rock resources besides provides an environmental friendly option of concrete production. Steel slag mainly consists of calcium carbonate and is produced as a by-product of oxidation process in steel industry. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the various properties of a concrete, obtained by partial replacement of fine aggregate by steel slag. In this research, apart from cement, fly ash and metakoalin (as a partial replacement to cement) were used as binding material. Five sample mixes were taken whose compression tests, tensile tests, sorptivity and water absorption tests were conducted. The mixes were obtained with 0, 30 and 40 percent replacement of fine aggregate by steel slag besides using different percentage replacements (25% of cement by fly ash in three trials, 15% and 10% cement by fly ash and metakoalin respectively in other two trials) of cement by pozzalonas. The experimental results were plotted and compared. It was observed that compressive and tensile strength increased with the increase in steel slag percentage upto to certain limit (30%). Increasing the percentage to 40% there was a sharp decline in magnitude of strength parameters and furthermore increasing metakoalin content had an effect of increasing strength. Capillary rise and water absorption increased with addition of steel slag and decreased with increase in metaloalin content.
混凝土是建筑行业中最大的生产材料,根据世界卫生组织的数据,混凝土是仅次于食物和水的人类最大的消费材料。大约75%的混凝土是由骨料组成的,由于世界各地对混凝土的巨大需求,天然骨料的可用性变得越来越少。土木工程师一直在寻找一种替代方案,使用更环保、更容易获得的材料来替代混凝土中的传统成分。混凝土行业一直欢迎使用各种工业废料作为这些成分的替代品,否则这些工业废料需要以填埋的形式处理,造成大量的土地污染。本文介绍了用炼钢过程中产生的废渣部分替代混凝土中细骨料的试验研究。钢渣的使用减少了天然岩石作为建筑材料的需求,既保护了天然岩石资源,又为混凝土生产提供了一个环保的选择。钢渣主要由碳酸钙组成,是钢铁工业氧化过程的副产物。本研究的主要目的是评价用钢渣部分替代细骨料获得的混凝土的各种性能。在本研究中,除水泥外,还使用了粉煤灰和偏硅藻土(作为水泥的部分替代品)作为粘结材料。选取5种混合试样,进行压缩试验、拉伸试验、吸附性试验和吸水试验。除了使用不同比例的粉煤灰替代水泥(三次试验中粉煤灰替代水泥25%,另外两次试验中粉煤灰和中岭土分别替代水泥15%和10%),钢渣替代细骨料的比例分别为0%、30%和40%。对实验结果进行了绘制和比较。抗压强度和抗拉强度随钢渣掺量的增加而增加,达到一定限度(30%)。当掺量增加到40%时,强度参数的大小急剧下降,而增加偏岭土的含量则有提高强度的作用。毛细上升和吸水率随钢渣添加量的增加而增加,随金属alin含量的增加而降低。
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引用次数: 8
Solution of Riccati Type Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equation by Homotopy Analysis Method 用同伦分析法求解Riccati型非线性分数阶微分方程
Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.18535/IJSRE/V4I06.15
D. Das, P. C. Ray, R. Bera
The present paper deals with the application of Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) to solve Riccati type nonlinear fractional differential equation. After the applications of various analytical methods in different forms to solve many linear and nonlinear problems (see Ref.: Liao and Shijun, Homotopy Analysis Method in Nonlinear Differential Equations. Springer-Verlag Berlin, 2012), a new method known as HAM which has a convergence control parameter  introduced in the deformation equation to reach the corresponding series solution in a much easier way. The present analysis is accompanied by numerical examples to justify its validity and efficiency. The solution obtained by this method has been compared with those obtained by Power Series Method (PSM) and Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM). The algorithm described in this paper is expected to be further employed to solve similar nonlinear problems in fractional calculus. The graphical representations of the solutions obtained by different methods are also presented for comparison of the solutions.
本文讨论了同伦分析法在求解Riccati型非线性分数阶微分方程中的应用。之后应用各种不同形式的解析方法解决了许多线性和非线性问题(参见参考文献:Liao and Shijun,《非线性微分方程中的同伦分析方法》)。Springer-Verlag Berlin, 2012),在变形方程中引入了一种新的方法HAM,该方法具有收敛控制参数,可以更容易地得到相应的级数解。通过数值算例验证了分析的有效性和有效性。并与幂级数法(PSM)和阿多米亚分解法(ADM)的解进行了比较。本文所描述的算法有望进一步用于解决分数阶微积分中类似的非线性问题。文中还给出了用不同方法求得的解的图形表示,以便对解进行比较。
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引用次数: 6
Smart ATM Access and Security System using RFID and GSM Technology 基于RFID和GSM技术的智能ATM门禁与安全系统
Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.18535/IJSRE/V4I06.13
R. Banupriya, P. Kavitha, T. Ashok, M. LogeshKumarNChandrasekar
The aim of this paper is to implement smart ATM card. Now-a-days we use ATM card frequently for shopping , cash withdrawal etc..A single user may have different bank accounts, so the user obviously have many ATM cards .For user friendly access , instead of many ATM cards we compact all into a single ATM card with enhanced security by providing OTP. We also avoid the problem of skimming. The enhanced security of money transaction in ATM system is carried out by RFID. After getting entry customer has to place ATM smart card in ATM machine. Then ATM machine will automatically generates a 4-digit code i.e. OTP. And that code will be message to the customer’s registered mobile number through GSM modem which is connected to ARM 7. Here customer has to enter this code. After entering OTP, System will check whether entered code is a valid one or not. And if it is valid, a list of bank displays, select a bank and it will ask for 4-digit ATM pin, which is fixed. If that 4-digit code match with the entered pin code then system is allowed for further accessing. ATM will show options like cash withdrawal, cash deposit etc..
本文的目的是实现智能ATM卡。现在我们经常使用ATM卡来购物、提现等,一个用户可能有不同的银行账户,所以用户显然有很多张ATM卡。为了方便用户访问,我们将所有的ATM卡压缩成一张ATM卡,通过提供OTP来增强安全性。我们也避免了略读的问题。利用RFID技术提高ATM系统中货币交易的安全性。顾客进入自动柜员机后,需在柜员机内放置智能卡。然后自动取款机会自动生成一个4位数的代码,即OTP。该代码将通过连接到ARM 7的GSM调制解调器发送到客户的注册手机号码。在这里,顾客必须输入这个代码。输入OTP后,系统会检查输入的代码是否有效。如果它是有效的,就会显示一个银行列表,选择一个银行,它会要求输入固定的4位ATM密码。如果该4位代码与输入的pin码匹配,则允许系统进一步访问。自动取款机会显示取款、存款等选项。
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引用次数: 6
Open Circuit Voltage Based MPPT Tracing For Thermoelectric Generator Fed Non-Inverting Synchronous Buck-Boost Derived Converter – Part II (Hardware Studies) 基于开路电压的热电发电机馈电非逆变同步Buck-Boost衍生变换器的MPPT跟踪-第二部分(硬件研究)
Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.18535/ijsre/v4i06.14
M. Rajbhushan., S. Nalini
Thermoelectric generator [TEG] devices are advantageous technique to extract the waste heat. This works based on the principle of See-beck effect, where an electromotive force will be generated when the junction of two dissimilar metals are experience a temperature difference. The overall efficiency of these modules are low, but advantages of being small, lightweight and this is easy to maintenance free, make it an attractive addition to applications where energy per unit weight or size is a primary factor. Among the key problems is obtaining a consistent voltage to power devices which depend on a consistent voltage more than maximum power. The open circuit voltage (Voc) based on MPPT algorithm is proposed here and this is well suitable for the linear electrical characteristic of the TEGs model. This experiment goal is to evaluate the thermoelectric (TEG) modules performance when connected to a non-inverting synchronizes buck- boost convertor, taking into account of this: input and output voltage, current and power, as well as convertor efficiency against various temperature differences. The experimental trial rig is using TEG module connected in series to a 0.4-5V to 5V buck-boost convertor. The hot side of the TEG module are heated via a heating blocks while the cold side are cooled by using water cooling blocks respectively. The experimental Testing is  showed that at a temperature difference of 72˚c, the input voltage and current of 1.78V and 0.79A are increased and reduced respectively to 4.16V and 0.16A.  At a temperature variance of 145˚c, the input voltage and current of 3.09V and 0.79A are raised and reduced respectively to 5.15V and 0.67A. From this test is also noted that the overall efficiency of the proposed converter increases along with temperature variance, ranging from 64% at 72˚c to 98% at 145˚c. The conversion procedure is also more efficient in case of the input voltage is near to the preferred output voltage.
热电发生器(TEG)装置是提取废热的有利技术。这是基于See-beck效应的原理,当两种不同金属的连接处经历温差时会产生电动势。这些模块的整体效率很低,但体积小,重量轻,易于维护的优点,使其成为一个有吸引力的附加应用,单位重量或尺寸的能量是一个主要因素。其中一个关键问题是获得一个一致的电压,以供电器件依赖于一个一致的电压超过最大功率。本文提出了基于MPPT算法的开路电压(Voc),该算法很好地适应了TEGs模型的线性电特性。本实验目的是评估热电(TEG)模块在连接到非反相同步降压-升压转换器时的性能,考虑到输入和输出电压,电流和功率,以及转换器在各种温差下的效率。实验试验台使用TEG模块串联到一个0.4-5V到5V的降压-升压转换器。TEG模块热侧通过加热块加热,冷侧分别采用水冷块冷却。实验测试表明,在温差为72℃时,1.78V和0.79A的输入电压和电流分别增加到4.16V和0.16A。在145℃的温度变化下,3.09V和0.79A的输入电压和电流分别上升到5.15V和0.67A。从该测试中还注意到,所提出的转换器的整体效率随着温度变化而增加,范围从72˚c的64%到145˚c的98%。在输入电压接近首选输出电压的情况下,转换过程也更有效。
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引用次数: 0
PDA Theft Detection & Continous Tracking With User Profile Recording Using Android PDA盗窃检测和持续跟踪与用户档案记录使用Android
Pub Date : 2016-06-28 DOI: 10.18535/IJSRE/V4I06.11
K. Vijayanand, K. Ravikumar
Lots of Applications are developed to track a Smart phone but still it is not that comfort in finding the exactly. We have to manually report to the customer of the Mobile to block the IMEI Number of the Phone. Android Application is deployed with initial registration of Alternative Mobile number. If the phone is stolen, Original user will send SMS through a Normal phone or through an Application deployed in another Android phone to Track and verify the location of the theft Mobile. If the Thief changes the SIM card immediately Location details are sent to the alternative Phone number of the original User. Both the logic of tracking the Theft Phone with SIM Card & Theft Phone with changed SIM Card is tracked continuously. Thief Photo is captured by automatic Camera Initiation and Voice is recorded and uploaded in the server. Both the Location and Voice are sent as SMS Alert to the Alternative Mobile number of the Original User.
许多应用程序开发跟踪智能手机,但仍然不是那么舒适,找到准确的。我们必须手动向手机客户报告,以阻止手机的IMEI号码。Android应用程序在初始注册备用移动电话号码的情况下部署。如果手机被盗,原始用户将通过普通手机或通过部署在另一台安卓手机上的应用程序发送短信来跟踪和验证被盗手机的位置。如果小偷立即更换SIM卡,位置信息将发送到原用户的备用电话号码。跟踪带有SIM卡的盗窃手机和更换SIM卡的盗窃手机的逻辑都是连续跟踪的。小偷的照片是通过自动相机启动捕获的,声音被记录并上传到服务器。位置和语音都以短信提醒的方式发送到原用户的备选手机号码上。
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引用次数: 0
Framework for Ranking of Web Forum Users Web论坛用户排名框架
Pub Date : 2016-06-25 DOI: 10.18535/IJSRE/V4I06.9
Saneeya Nasheed Maghrabi, V. A. Losarwar
Web is used as a tool for presenting ideas, information and knowledge. Various users are a part of this web, if they be simple uses, influential users or non-influential users. There are a number of users on the web but a few users amongst these incorporate a relationship of faith and trust with the other users on the web. These users have a unique way in their activities and the quality of their comments and in this way they attract the other users on the web. Due to this uniqueness these users receive a special and significant attention amongst the many other users on the web. Such users play a dominating role in the community. Best example of this is a Blog, where an influential user leads and the others follow. By identifying such influential users we can measure the impact they have on the other users, the community, the neighbourhood as a whole. This paper presents a survey of various tools, algorithms, methods used and the different techniques applied to identify and rank the web forum users. Basically, Page Rank algorithm is used which gives a better and quick result followed by other techniques like User Rank and greedy algorithms. Keywords- web mining, influential users, blogs, PageRank
网络被用作表达思想、信息和知识的工具。各种用户都是这个网站的一部分,如果他们是简单的用户,有影响力的用户或无影响力的用户。网络上有许多用户,但其中有少数用户与网络上的其他用户建立了信仰和信任关系。这些用户在他们的活动和他们的评论质量方面有独特的方式,通过这种方式,他们吸引了网络上的其他用户。由于这种独特性,这些用户在网络上的许多其他用户中受到特殊和重要的关注。这类用户在社区中起着主导作用。最好的例子就是博客,一个有影响力的用户带头,其他人跟随。通过确定这些有影响力的用户,我们可以衡量他们对其他用户、社区和整个社区的影响。本文介绍了各种工具,算法,使用的方法和不同的技术应用于识别和排名的网络论坛用户的调查。基本上,使用页面排名算法,它给出了一个更好的和快速的结果,其次是其他技术,如用户排名和贪婪算法。关键词:网络挖掘,有影响力的用户,博客,PageRank
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引用次数: 0
Studies on Characterization of MoS2 Thin Films Deposited in Method by Chemical Bath Deposition 化学浴沉积法制备二硫化钼薄膜的研究
Pub Date : 2016-06-24 DOI: 10.18535/IJSRE/V4I06.04
S. Sargar, D. J. Sathe, P. Chate, Z. D. Sandi, S. Kite
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引用次数: 0
Soft g*s Closed Sets in Soft Topological Spaces 软拓扑空间中的软g*s闭集
Pub Date : 2016-06-23 DOI: 10.18535/IJSRE/V4I06.6
M. Begum, M. John
In 1991, Molodstov [9] introduced the concept of soft set theory to deal with uncertainty. Modern  topology depends strongly on the ideas of soft set theory. This prompted us to introduce and study soft g*s closed set, soft g*s open set in soft topological spaces also some related properties concerning these sets are obtained.
1991年,Molodstov[9]引入了软集理论的概念来处理不确定性。现代拓扑学很大程度上依赖于软集理论的思想。这促使我们引入并研究了软拓扑空间中的软g*s闭集、软g*s开集,并得到了这些集合的一些相关性质。
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引用次数: 0
Health Monitoring System Using Zigbee Based wearable Devices 基于Zigbee可穿戴设备的健康监测系统
Pub Date : 2016-06-23 DOI: 10.18535/IJSRE/V4I05.7
Vijay Bondre, Nikita Umare, S. Honale
Care of critically ill patient, requires spontaneous & accurate decisions so that life protecting &  life  saving therapy can be properly applied. Statistics reveal that every minute a human is losing his/her life across the globe. More close in India, everyday many lives are affected by heart attacks and more importantly because the patients did not get timely and proper help .This paper is based on monitoring of patients. We have designed and developed a reliable, energy efficient patient monitoring system. It is able to send parameters of patient in real time. It enables the doctors to monitor patient  health parameters  in real time. Here the parameters of patient are measured continuously  and wirelessly transmitted using Zigbee. The  project provides a solution for enhancing the reliability and flexibility by improving the performance and patient monitoring system. In the current proposed system the patient health is continuously  monitored and the acquired data is analyzed at a centralized system. If a particular patient health parameter falls below the threshold value, an automated SMS is sent to the prefigured  mobile number using a standard GSM module interfaced to the System. Here, we are using Zigbee for wireless transmission. The Doctor can get are cord of a particular    information by just accessing the database of the patient on his PC which is continuously updated through Zigbee receiver module.
危重病人的护理需要自发和准确的决定,以便正确地应用保护生命和挽救生命的治疗。统计数据显示,全球每分钟就有一个人失去生命。在印度,每天都有许多人的生活受到心脏病发作的影响,更重要的是,患者没有得到及时和适当的帮助。这篇论文是基于对患者的监测。我们设计并开发了一套可靠、节能的病人监测系统。它能够实时发送患者的参数。它使医生能够实时监测患者的健康参数。在这里,病人的各项参数被连续测量,并通过Zigbee无线传输。该项目通过改进性能和患者监护系统,为提高可靠性和灵活性提供了一种解决方案。在目前提出的系统中,患者的健康状况被持续监测,并在一个集中的系统中分析所获得的数据。如果特定的患者健康参数低于阈值,则使用与系统接口的标准GSM模块将自动SMS发送到预设的移动号码。在这里,我们使用Zigbee进行无线传输。医生只需访问个人电脑上通过Zigbee接收模块不断更新的患者数据库,就可以获得特定信息的记录。
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引用次数: 2
Supervisory Model for Predictive Transformer Protection And Maintenance Using Wireless Sensor Network 基于无线传感器网络的预测变压器保护维护监控模型
Pub Date : 2016-06-23 DOI: 10.18535/IJSRE/V4I06.8
Ravishankar Tularam Zanzad, Nikita Umare, S. Honale
In normal ways all the Industrial or Electrical machineries are controlled by the manual operation. Hence there is step by step progress but most of the time there is not actually instant co-operation between system and operator in case of emergency or fault type situation .Therefore we are designing a system where there exits communication between system and operator. For this we are using Transformer, microcontroller, analog to digital converter.. As we know Distribution transformer is a major component of power system and its correct functioning is vital to system operations. To reduce the risk of unexpected failure and the ensuing unscheduled outage, on-line monitoring has become the common practice to assess continuously the condition of the transformer with. This paper presents design and implementation of a system to monitor and record key operation of a distribution transformer like overvoltage, over current, temperatures, rise or fall of oil level.  This based on Wireless protocol. Sensors, including a Temperature Detector and a Liquid level sensor performs according to manufacturers’ specifications are calibrated and tested By power distribution monitoring offices. The system is installed at the distribution transformer site and by measuring above parameters it will help the utilities to optimally utilize transformers and identify problems before any catastrophic failure.
通常情况下,所有的工业机械或电机都是由人工操作控制的。因此,这是一个循序渐进的过程,但在大多数情况下,在紧急情况或故障类型的情况下,系统和操作员之间实际上并没有即时的合作。因此,我们正在设计一个系统和操作员之间存在通信的系统。为此,我们使用变压器,微控制器,模拟到数字转换器。配电变压器是电力系统的重要组成部分,其正常工作对电力系统的正常运行起着至关重要的作用。为了降低意外故障的发生以及由此引起的计划外停机的风险,在线监测已成为对变压器状态进行连续评估的常用方法。本文设计并实现了一种配电变压器过压、过流、温度、油位升降等关键操作的监控与记录系统。这是基于无线协议的。传感器,包括温度探测器和液位传感器,按照制造商的规格执行,由配电监控办公室进行校准和测试。该系统安装在配电变压器现场,通过测量上述参数,它将帮助公用事业公司优化利用变压器,并在发生灾难性故障之前识别问题。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
International Journal of Scientific Research in Education
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