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Seasonal dietary shifts and selection of Iberian wild goat Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838 in Peneda-Gerês National Park (Portugal) 葡萄牙Peneda-Gerês国家公园1838年伊比利亚野生山羊Capra pyrenaica Schinz的季节性饮食变化和选择
Pub Date : 2013-12-31 DOI: 10.7325/39
G. Moço, E. Serrano, M. Guerreiro, A. F. Ferreira, F. Petrucci-Fonseca, M. Maia, Ramón C. Soriguer Escofet, J. Jiménez
This study intended to know Iberian wild goat Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838 feeding strategy in two proximate mountains it recently recolonized, Gerês and Amarela (Peneda-Gerês National Park, PGNP, Portugal). For that purpose we studied species dietary composition using faecal diet microhistological determinations and also its diet selection. Albeit wild goat exhibited an intermediate browse - graze behaviour in the two areas, grazing was more pronounced in Gerês while browsing in Amarela. Both areas presented a dietary shift in spring consisting in an increase on the consumption and preference for graminoids. This feeding strategy extended through summer only in Amarela. Results obtained are congruent with wild goat generalist feeding behaviour in other regions of the Iberian Peninsula and suggest that species feeding strategy in PGNP respond to spatial patterns of resources, specifically of graminoids, and to livestock stocking rates and management.
本研究旨在了解伊比利亚野山羊Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838年在其最近重新定居的两座邻近山脉Gerês和Amarela (Peneda-Gerês国家公园,PGNP,葡萄牙)的进食策略。为此,我们采用粪便食料显微组织学测定和食料选择方法研究了物种的食料组成。虽然野生山羊在两个地区表现出中间的浏览-放牧行为,但在阿马雷拉的浏览中,Gerês的放牧行为更为明显。这两个地区在春季都出现了饮食变化,包括对禾本科作物的消费和偏好增加。这种进食策略只在阿马雷拉延续了整个夏季。所得结果与伊比利亚半岛其他地区野生山羊的一般摄食行为一致,表明PGNP的物种摄食策略响应资源的空间格局,特别是禾草类,以及牲畜的放养率和管理。
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引用次数: 3
First report of Cephenemyia stimulator (Diptera, Oestridae) parasitizing Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Extremadura (Spain) 西班牙埃斯特雷马杜拉地区鹿(Capreolus Capreolus Capreolus)寄生刺激头蝇(双翅目,雌蚊科)首次报道
Pub Date : 2013-12-31 DOI: 10.7325/41
R. Calero-Bernal, M. Habela
We describe the first two cases of parasitization by the dipterous parasite Cephenemyia stimulator in roe deer Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Extremadura. The first case was detected in an adult male from a private hunting estate (39o24’ N, 5o32’ W) in Berzocana (Cáceres, Spain). A total of 77 C. stimulator larvae were counted, of which 34 corresponded to instar II (L-II) and 43 to instar III (L-III), all of which were located in the upper airways. The second case was detected in another male roe deer from a local hunting estate (39o19’ N, 5o22’ W) in Logrosán (Cáceres, Spain), from which a total of 37 larvae (2 L-II and 35 L-III) were collected, all of which were located in the oronasal cavities. This paper not only provides the first report of this parasite in Extremadura, but also describes the southernmost occurrence of a potentially autochthonous infestation by C. stimulator in European roe deer. We recommend implementing surveillance measures in roe deer populations in Spain and creating strict biosecurity guidelines on translocations, especially regarding animals from affected areas. The presence of C. stimulator in Extremadura suggests it has adapted well to the ecological conditions of the southern Iberian Peninsula.
本文报道了埃斯特雷马杜拉(Extremadura)鹿Capreolus Capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758)被双翅性寄生虫cephenyia stimulator寄生的头两例。第一例病例在Berzocana (Cáceres,西班牙)一个私人狩猎庄园(39o24′N, 5032′W)的一名成年男性中发现。共检测到刺激棘球蚴77只,其中II龄(L-II) 34只,III龄(L-III) 43只,均分布于上呼吸道。第2例是在西班牙Logrosán (Cáceres)当地猎场(39o19′N, 5022′W)的另一只雄狍中发现的,共采集到37只幼鹿,其中2只为L-II型,35只为L-III型,均位于口鼻腔内。本文不仅首次报道了这种寄生虫在埃斯特雷马杜拉的存在,而且还描述了在欧洲狍中最南端发生的一种潜在的本地感染。我们建议在西班牙的狍种群中实施监测措施,并制定严格的易位生物安全指南,特别是对来自受影响地区的动物。在埃斯特雷马杜拉发现的C. stimulator表明它已经很好地适应了伊比利亚半岛南部的生态条件。
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引用次数: 2
Occasional bat predation by the horseshoe whip snake (Reptilia, Colubridae) 偶尔被马蹄鞭蛇捕食的蝙蝠(爬行动物目,蛛科)
Pub Date : 2013-12-31 DOI: 10.7325/40
José A. Garrido‐García, Godfried Schreur, J. Pleguezuelos
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引用次数: 9
Frugivore carnivores: preferences and contribution to seed dispersal of red fox Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) and stone marten Martes foina (Erxleben, 1777) in Carrascal de la Font Roja Natural Park (Alicante, Spain) 西班牙阿利坎特Carrascal de la Font Roja自然公园内红狐Vulpes Vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)和石貂Martes foina (Erxleben, 1777)的偏好及其对种子传播的贡献
Pub Date : 2012-12-31 DOI: 10.7325/GALEMYS.2012.A03
Encarnación Rico-Guzmán, Beatriz Terrones, J. L. Canto
The contribution of red fox and stone marten as seed dispersers in a Mediterranean mountain protected area is analysed. We gathered 332 scats and analysed seed content in presence and number. The eight species eaten in greater proportion were selected, three of them domesticated. Seed and plant remains are present in half of the scats found. Seed presence is distributed almost equally in summer (29%), autumn (34%) and winter (37%). The most dispersed wild species are Juniperus phoenicea subsp. phoenicea, Rhamnus alaternus and Amelanchier ovalis in a lower proportion. Red fox exploits more domesticated species, which presence in the Natural Park is lower. On the contrary, stone marten consumes more J. phoenicea and A. ovalis than red fox, but shows a certain preference for Prunus avium subsp. avium. Both carnivores might have a relevant role on long distance seed dispersal for R. alaternus, which is normally dispersed by birds and ants. The different exploiting rate among the plant species found compared with their presence in the area leads to think that there exist preferences in these carnivores’ feeding habits. Factors as the percentage of relative pulp weight and smell of the fruits and the habitat of the plant species could be related. Further research is needed to actually know the importance of endozoochorous seed dispersal by carnivores and determine patterns in time and preferences.
分析了地中海山区保护区红狐和石貂作为种子传播者的作用。我们收集了332个样本,分析了种子的存在和数量。选择食用比例较大的8种,其中3种被驯化。发现的粪便中有一半含有种子和植物残骸。种子分布在夏季(29%)、秋季(34%)和冬季(37%)几乎相同。分布最广的野生种是杜松子。凤凰花、大鼠李和鹅蛋花所占比例较低。红狐利用了更多的驯化物种,而这些物种在自然公园中的存在率较低。相反,石貂对凤梨和鹅蛋桃的食用量高于赤狐,但对鸟李有一定的偏好。鸟结核。这两种食肉动物都可能在大叶蝉种子的长距离传播中发挥了相关作用,而大叶蝉种子的传播通常是通过鸟类和蚂蚁进行的。发现的植物种类之间的不同剥削率与它们在该地区的存在相比较,导致人们认为这些食肉动物在摄食习惯中存在偏好。果实的相对果肉重量百分比和气味等因素与植物的生境有关。需要进一步的研究来真正了解食肉动物传播endochochorous种子的重要性,并确定时间和偏好的模式。
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引用次数: 5
Habitat suitability model for red deer (Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758): spatial multi-criteria analysis with GIS application 马鹿(Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758)生境适宜性模型:基于GIS的空间多准则分析
Pub Date : 2012-12-31 DOI: 10.7325/GALEMYS.2012.A05
J. Carvalho, L. Martins, J. P. Silva, J. Santos, R. Torres, C. Fonseca
Monitoring population trends is essential in wildlife management. In fact, to identify those environmental conditions linked to habitat use and selection is a key task in any conservation plan. Our aim in this work was predict red deer (Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758) colonization in the Lombada National Hunting Area (LNHA), one of the largest wild populations in Portugal. The sharply increase in density and range of red deer over the last decades justify the careful monitoring of this population. A multi-criteria model using the Analytical Hierarchic Process (AHP) and GIS weighted spatial analysis with matrix algebra techniques were applied in this approach. This method was developed in three distinct phases: i) setting the objectives, ii) analysing pairs of factors through the application of a comparison matrix and iii) its synthesis with the weight assignment that followed a predetermined numeric range according to the ecological requirements of the study species. The variables used in the red deer habitat suitability model included the hydrographic network, asphalted roads, relief aspects and land use. From October 2010 to March 2011, a total of 129 observations along line transects were recorded and used to validate the final model. By using the AUC method it was obtained a success rate of 72%. Our results suggest that this method would be applied on a larger scale being suitable to predict red deer expansion. To our knowledge, this is the first study performed in Portugal using this methodological approach to assess the red deer-habitat relationships.
监测种群趋势对野生动物管理至关重要。事实上,在任何保护计划中,确定与栖息地使用和选择有关的环境条件是一项关键任务。本研究的目的是预测马鹿(Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758)在葡萄牙最大的野生种群之一伦巴达国家狩猎区(Lombada National Hunting Area, LNHA)的殖民。在过去的几十年里,马鹿的密度和范围的急剧增加证明了对这一种群进行仔细监测的必要性。该方法采用层次分析法(AHP)和基于矩阵代数的GIS加权空间分析相结合的多准则模型。该方法分为三个不同的阶段:i)设定目标;ii)通过应用比较矩阵分析因子对;iii)根据研究物种的生态要求,按照预定的数字范围分配权重。马鹿生境适宜性模型中使用的变量包括水文网络、沥青路面、地形和土地利用。从2010年10月到2011年3月,共记录了129个沿线样带的观测数据,并用于验证最终模型。采用AUC法,成功率为72%。结果表明,该方法适用于马鹿种群扩张的大规模预测。据我们所知,这是第一次在葡萄牙使用这种方法来评估赤鹿与栖息地的关系。
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引用次数: 6
Situación de las poblaciones de corzo andaluz (Capreolus capreolus) en las sierras occidentales de Málaga 马拉加西部山区安达卢西亚狍(Capreolus Capreolus)种群的情况
Pub Date : 2012-12-31 DOI: 10.7325/GALEMYS.2012.A04
Jesús Duarte, M. Farfán, J. M. Vargas
We have monitored the presence of roe deer in 25 municipalities in the occidental mountians of Málaga. We estimated roe deer abundance (pellet groups counts/km) and relative density (deer/km2) by means of distance sampling and defecation rate conversion. We also analyzed the relationships between roe deer abundance and habitat vegetation and coverages by means of GLM models. Results are presented by hidrological basins. We found that roe deer relative density varied between 0.18 to 2.49 deer/km2. The highest values were found in the Hozgarganta river and the Genal river valley. The lowest was in the mountains around the Guadalhorce river basin. Roe deer abundance was positively related to the vicinity of roe deer population in the Cádiz mountains and to the coverage of mixed forests of oaks, pines and chestnuts. Roe deer abundance was negatively related to urban landuses, farmlands and dense pine forests. Our results are coherent with the hyphotesis of an expanding roe deer population in the Málaga mountains.
我们在Málaga西部山区的25个市镇监测了狍的存在。通过距离采样和排便率转换,估计了狍的丰度(颗粒群数/km)和相对密度(鹿/km2)。利用GLM模型分析了狍丰度与生境植被和覆盖度的关系。结果以水文流域为例。结果表明,黄鹿相对密度在0.18 ~ 2.49只/km2之间。在霍兹加尔干塔河和格纳尔河谷发现了最高的值。海拔最低的是瓜达尔霍斯河流域周围的山脉。鹿群丰度与Cádiz山鹿群的邻近程度和栎、松、栗树混交林的盖度呈正相关。狍丰度与城市用地、农田和松林密度呈负相关。我们的结果与Málaga山区狍种群扩大的假设是一致的。
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引用次数: 3
Ritmos de actividad del lince ibérico (Lynx pardinus) en cautividad 圈养伊比利亚猞猁(Lynx pardinus)的活动节奏
Pub Date : 2012-12-31 DOI: 10.7325/GALEMYS.2012.A06
L. Penabad, A. Rivas, J. Calzada
Ethological studies are essential for proper husbandry of wild animals in captivity. In this paper we analyze the patterns of activity throughout the day (circadian rhythm) and throughout the year, of 25 Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) belonging to the Captive Breeding Program. The annual circadian rhythm in lynxes reaches two maximum peaks: one at dawn and another at sunset (with average activity levels of 60 and 76%, respectively). Between these two peaks we found two minimums of activity, one during the night (43 %) and another during the day (25 %). We also found that the circadian pattern closely resembles the pattern described for the wild population. Rainfall and hour of light do influence on activity, whereas the moon phase does not. The average daily activity for the whole year was 47.8 ± 16.8%. The months presenting less activity were July, August and September coinciding with the warmest period of the year and the most active months were November, March and April. The sex of the lynxes do not influence the average daily activity, however CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) and the interaction between sex and CKD, does. CKD affected animals are less active than the healthy individuals, that is more evident in males than females. Activity levels in males were similar to those of females when they are healthy, but decrease greatly when they are ill.
动物行为学研究对圈养野生动物的合理饲养至关重要。本文分析了25只属于圈养繁殖计划的伊比利亚猞猁(lynx pardinus)全天(昼夜节律)和全年的活动模式。山猫一年的昼夜节律有两个高峰:一个在黎明,另一个在日落(平均活动水平分别为60%和76%)。在这两个高峰之间,我们发现了两个最低活动,一个在夜间(43%),另一个在白天(25%)。我们还发现,昼夜节律模式与野生种群的模式非常相似。降雨和光照时间会影响活动,而月相则不会。全年日均活动量为47.8±16.8%。最活跃的月份是11月、3月和4月,活动较少的月份是7月、8月和9月,同时也是一年中最温暖的月份。猞猁的性别不影响平均每日活动,但慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)和性别与CKD之间的相互作用会影响。CKD感染的动物比健康个体活动量少,这在雄性中比雌性更明显。男性在健康时的活动水平与女性相似,但在生病时则大幅下降。
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引用次数: 2
Expansion and distribution of the Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) in the Iberian Peninsula 埃及猫鼬(Herpestes ichneuon)在伊比利亚半岛的扩张和分布
Pub Date : 2012-09-26 DOI: 10.7325/GALEMYS.2012.N08
A. Balmori, R. Carbonell
. 2011). Gaubert and colleagues have studied the mitochondrial DNA of different populations of mongooses in North Africa, the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. The results show the existence of a clear genetic structure, where the Iberian populations of mongooses have their own identity: high genetic variability and differentiation of the North African populations (their populations genetically closer). The different genetic parameters studied suggest some stability in the Iberian population. It is assumed that populations of North Africa colonised the Iberian Peninsula in the Pleistocene, by the way of communication corridors that were open between the two continents in the Strait of Gibraltar, as a result of fluctuations in sea levels between the glacial and interglacial periods. After the last Ice Age, the Iberian mongoose remained isolated from North African populations, and has evolved independently since then (Gaubert
. 2011)。Gaubert和他的同事们研究了北非、中东、撒哈拉以南非洲和伊比利亚半岛不同种群的猫鼬的线粒体DNA。结果表明存在一个明确的遗传结构,其中伊比利亚猫鼬种群具有自己的身份:高度遗传变异性和北非种群的分化(他们的种群遗传上更接近)。所研究的不同遗传参数表明,伊比利亚人的种群具有一定的稳定性。据推测,北非人口在更新世通过直布罗陀海峡两大洲之间开放的交通走廊在伊比利亚半岛殖民,这是冰期和间冰期之间海平面波动的结果。在最后一个冰河时代之后,伊比利亚猫鼬仍然与北非种群隔离,并从那时起独立进化(戈伯特)
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引用次数: 24
Presence of raccoon (Procyon lotor) in Doñana National Park and its surroundings 浣熊(Procyon lotor)出现在Doñana国家公园及其周边地区
Pub Date : 2012-09-26 DOI: 10.7325/GALEMYS.2012.N06
Xavier Fernández Aguilar, G. Molina-Vacas, Victor Ramiro, F. Carro, J. Á. Barasosa, J. Vicente, C. Gutiérrez
Linnaeus, 1758) is a procyonid carnivore with an opportunistic behavior, native from the Nearctic region (North and Central America). Its broad natural range and the high densities which can reach in suburban areas demonstrate a great adaptive success to different ecosystems and a great capability to colonize anthropogenic environments (Rosatte 2000, Kays 2009). The interest of the fur industry on this species and the recent popularity as pets has led to its gradual introduction into the wild in Europe, Central Asia and Japan by means of deliberate or accidental releases (Ikeda
林奈(Linnaeus, 1758)是一种具有机会主义行为的原yonid食肉动物,原产于新北极地区(北美和中美洲)。其广阔的自然范围和高密度,可以到达郊区,显示出对不同生态系统的巨大适应成功和殖民人为环境的巨大能力(Rosatte 2000, Kays 2009)。毛皮工业对这一物种的兴趣和最近作为宠物的流行,导致它逐渐被引入野外在欧洲,中亚和日本通过故意或意外释放(池田
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引用次数: 7
Veinticinco años (1986-2011) de monitorización de varamientos de mamíferos marinos en el litoral de Doñana (Huelva, SO España) 25年(1986-2011)监测donana海岸(Huelva, SO spain)海洋哺乳动物搁浅情况
Pub Date : 2012-09-26 DOI: 10.7325/GALEMYS.2012.N09
Carlos Gutiérrez-Expósito, Juan Carlos Rivilla, S. Alís, Manuel Máñez, H. Garrido, Francisco Justo Jiménez, M. Cobo
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy
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