R. D. Ortiz-Hoyos, Ángela M. Mejía-G., Diana Stasiukynas, Jorge Lizarazo-B, Esteban Payán-Garrido
{"title":"Primer registro de leucismo en Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758 (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) en Colombia","authors":"R. D. Ortiz-Hoyos, Ángela M. Mejía-G., Diana Stasiukynas, Jorge Lizarazo-B, Esteban Payán-Garrido","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2020.n2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2020.n2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125156637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"El castor europeo en el municipio de Zaragoza. Incidencia en los sotos ribereños del Ebro","authors":"B. Sanz","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2020.n4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2020.n4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133661715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Primera cita de murciélago ratonero pardo (Myotis emarginatus) en la provincia de Palencia (Castilla y León, España)","authors":"Juan Romairone, F. Jubete","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2020.n3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2020.n3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127970634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diferenciación de los excrementos del topillo de Cabrera Microtus cabrerae y el topillo campesino Microtus arvalis en el Sistema Ibérico","authors":"Roque Belenguer, G. Francés, J. Crespo","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2020.n5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2020.n5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129706677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Alexandre, L. M. Rosalino, D. Hipólito, C. Fonseca, E. Ferreira
Abstract Species identification of non-invasively collected samples using molecular genetics tools has become an important tool in ecological research. For decades, scat-based ecological studies were almost exclusively rooted in morphological identification of scats, within local context, in the field. However, this approach raised a controversial debate, due to species and context-specific probability of error and lack of validation. In this study, we aimed to test the accuracy of mesocarnivore scats identification, based on morphological criteria, using a carnivore guild in northeastern Portugal as a model and molecular identification as a standard for accuracy of morphological identifications, within local context. While using only expert-based identifications for comparison with molecular identification standard, we have also compared the identifications performed by observers with different levels of experience. We extracted DNA from 63 scats (NE Portugal), which was successfully amplified/sequenced from 83% (n= 52) of the extracts: 38 were molecularly assigned to red fox (Vulpes vulpes), eight to stone marten (Martes foina), two to pine marten (Martes martes) and domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and one to European badger (Meles meles) and common genet (Genetta genetta). There was a tendency for better performance by more experienced researchers, with 67% of scats being correctly assigned, but differences among observers were not significant. Due to the small sample size, only for foxes and stone martens was possible to estimate the error rate in species assignment, based on morphological criteria. False positive rates (% of times a scat was misassigned to a given species) were 4% for fox samples and 62% for stone marten. False negative rates (i.e. the rate at which a scat of a given species was assigned to another species) reached 29% for fox (scats that were initially assigned to stone marten and domestic dog were in fact from fox) and 25% for stone marten (originally misassigned to weasel, Mustela nivalis), respectively. The results support the need to implement molecular methods in ecological studies based on scat identification, so researchers can determine the error rates associated with morphological discrimination to develop accurate monitoring studies. Keywords: Mesocarnivore, Mitochondrial DNA, Monitoring, Non-invasive sampling, Species molecular identification. Resumen La identificacion de especies mediante tecnicas no invasivas, como la genetica molecular, se ha revelado de importancia en la investigacion ecologica. Durante decadas, la identificacion de excrementos en estudios ecologicos se baso casi exclusivamente en la identificacion morfologica de heces, que a menudo tenian en cuenta la informacion sobre el habitat y la ubicacion del excremento. Sin embargo, este enfoque planteaba serios debates, por la elevada probabilidad de error especifico y por la falta de validacion. El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar el grad
摘要利用分子遗传学工具对非侵入性采集标本进行物种鉴定已成为生态学研究的重要手段。几十年来，基于粪便的生态学研究几乎完全植根于粪便的形态鉴定，在当地背景下，在现场。然而，由于物种和环境特定的错误概率和缺乏验证，这种方法引起了有争议的争论。在本研究中，我们以葡萄牙东北部的一个食肉动物公会为模型，以分子鉴定为标准，在当地环境下，基于形态学标准来检验中食肉动物粪便鉴定的准确性。虽然仅使用基于专家的鉴定与分子鉴定标准进行比较，但我们也比较了具有不同经验水平的观察员进行的鉴定。我们从63份葡萄牙东北地区的粪便中提取了DNA，其中83% (n= 52)的DNA被成功扩增/测序:38份被分子定位为红狐(Vulpes Vulpes)， 8份被定位为石貂(Martes foina)， 2份被定位为松貂(Martes Martes)和家犬(Canis lupus familiaris)， 1份被定位为欧洲獾(Meles Meles)和普通犬(Genetta Genetta)。经验丰富的研究人员往往表现得更好，有67%的分数被正确分配，但观察者之间的差异并不显著。由于样本量小，基于形态学标准估计物种分配错误率仅适用于狐狸和石貂。狐狸样本的假阳性率(粪便被错误分配给特定物种的百分比)为4%，石貂样本为62%。狐狸的假阴性率(即某一物种的粪便被分配给另一物种的比率)分别达到29%(最初分配给石貂和家犬的粪便实际上来自狐狸)和25%石貂(最初被分配给鼬鼠，Mustela nivalis)。这些结果支持了在基于粪便识别的生态学研究中实施分子方法的必要性，因此研究人员可以确定与形态学区分相关的错误率，从而开展准确的监测研究。关键词:中食肉动物，线粒体DNA，监测，无创采样，物种分子鉴定植物间的鉴定技术无侵入性、同源性和分子性，在植物生态学研究中具有重要意义。十年来，粪便的鉴别在生态学研究中被认为是基本的，而在形态学鉴定中被认为是基本的，在生态学中被认为是基本的，在生态学中被认为是基本的。在禁运中，este enfoque plantea进行了严肃的辩论，错误的可能性，特别是错误的有效性。目的:对中介药的中介药的形态、效度、鉴别结果、分子鉴别方法进行比较研究。在不同的实验条件下，不同的实验条件下，不同的实验条件下，不同的实验条件下，不同的实验条件下，不同的实验条件下，不同的实验条件下，不同的实验条件下，不同的实验条件下，不同的实验条件下，不同的实验条件下，不同的实验条件下，不同的实验条件下。Se extrajo ADN de 63 heses de mesocarnivoros (NE Portugal)， de las cuales fufuificado y secuenciado conexito el 83% (n= 52) de los extractos: 38 Se identificaron molecarmente como de zorro (Vulpes Vulpes)， ocho como de garduna (Martes foina)， dos de marta (Martes Martes) y perro domestico (Canis lupus familiaris) y uno de tejon (Meles Meles) y gineta (Genetta gentta)。所对应al pequeno tamano de la具体,谭独奏fue最低estimar de错误de la tasa identificacion de excrementos根据甚至morfologicos (% de有时是拉斯维加斯hec fueran mal asignadas una especie determinada en el campo o en el laboratorio)对位佐罗y garduna: 4%对位样品de佐罗y de garduna对位拉斯维加斯62%。La tasa de error可以使用asigna el排泄物，特别是在实验室(confirmada por tecnicas molecororio)中发现29%的parel zoro(这些鉴定为最初的como de garduna y de perro)和25%的parla garduna(这些asignadas a comadreja, Mustela nivalis)。研究结果证实了该方法的便利性，包括分子生物学方法、微生物学方法、微生物鉴别方法、微生物形态鉴别方法、微生物鉴定方法、微生物形态鉴别方法、微生物监测方法等。裂唇蝗:ADN线粒体，鉴定分子种类，中致病性，监测性，非侵袭性。DOI: 10.7325 / Galemys.2020.A5
{"title":"Can scat-based species identification be a misleading sign of presence? More evidences from northeastern portugal","authors":"Marta Alexandre, L. M. Rosalino, D. Hipólito, C. Fonseca, E. Ferreira","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2020.a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2020.a5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Species identification of non-invasively collected samples using molecular genetics tools has become an important tool in ecological research. For decades, scat-based ecological studies were almost exclusively rooted in morphological identification of scats, within local context, in the field. However, this approach raised a controversial debate, due to species and context-specific probability of error and lack of validation. In this study, we aimed to test the accuracy of mesocarnivore scats identification, based on morphological criteria, using a carnivore guild in northeastern Portugal as a model and molecular identification as a standard for accuracy of morphological identifications, within local context. While using only expert-based identifications for comparison with molecular identification standard, we have also compared the identifications performed by observers with different levels of experience. We extracted DNA from 63 scats (NE Portugal), which was successfully amplified/sequenced from 83% (n= 52) of the extracts: 38 were molecularly assigned to red fox (Vulpes vulpes), eight to stone marten (Martes foina), two to pine marten (Martes martes) and domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and one to European badger (Meles meles) and common genet (Genetta genetta). There was a tendency for better performance by more experienced researchers, with 67% of scats being correctly assigned, but differences among observers were not significant. Due to the small sample size, only for foxes and stone martens was possible to estimate the error rate in species assignment, based on morphological criteria. False positive rates (% of times a scat was misassigned to a given species) were 4% for fox samples and 62% for stone marten. False negative rates (i.e. the rate at which a scat of a given species was assigned to another species) reached 29% for fox (scats that were initially assigned to stone marten and domestic dog were in fact from fox) and 25% for stone marten (originally misassigned to weasel, Mustela nivalis), respectively. The results support the need to implement molecular methods in ecological studies based on scat identification, so researchers can determine the error rates associated with morphological discrimination to develop accurate monitoring studies. Keywords: Mesocarnivore, Mitochondrial DNA, Monitoring, Non-invasive sampling, Species molecular identification. Resumen La identificacion de especies mediante tecnicas no invasivas, como la genetica molecular, se ha revelado de importancia en la investigacion ecologica. Durante decadas, la identificacion de excrementos en estudios ecologicos se baso casi exclusivamente en la identificacion morfologica de heces, que a menudo tenian en cuenta la informacion sobre el habitat y la ubicacion del excremento. Sin embargo, este enfoque planteaba serios debates, por la elevada probabilidad de error especifico y por la falta de validacion. El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar el grad","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117270694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resumen A partir de la documentacion historica conservada de capturas de lobos, se estima la dinamica poblacional de la especie, entre los siglos XIV y XVII, en cinco lugares de la costa mediterranea iberica: Tortosa, Castello de la Plana, Monover, Orihuela y Baza. Se observa en estos lugares que el lobo entra en un proceso de saturacion y disminucion de capturas que se puede vincular a la repoblacion humana y la ocupacion del territorio que comienza en la Baja Edad Media. El incremento continuo a lo largo de la costa del numero de nuevos pobladores, tuvo como consecuencia la ampliacion del espacio ocupado, lo que seguramente altero el habitat ocupado por el lobo, y facilito su persecucion y captura. Palabras clave: dinamica poblacional, Baja Edad Media, ocupacion del territorio. Abstract Based on the preserved historical documentation of catches of wolves, the population dynamics of the species are estimated, between the XIVth and XVIIth centuries, in five places on the Iberian Mediterranean coast: Tortosa, Castello de la Plana, Monover, Orihuela and Baza. It is observed in these places that the wolf enters in a process of saturation and decrease in catches that can be linked to human repopulation and the occupation of the territory that begins in the Late Middle Ages. The continuous increase along the coast of the number of new settlers, had as a consequence the expansion of the occupied space, which surely altered the habitat occupied by the wolf, and facilitated its pursuit and capture. Keywords: population dynamics, Late Middle Ages, occupation of the territory. DOI: 10.7325/Galemys.2020.A4
最后，我们提出了一种假设，即在过去的几十年里，在欧洲和北美的一些地区，狼的数量增加了，而在其他地区，狼的数量增加了，而在其他地区，狼的数量增加了。在这些地方可以观察到，狼进入了一个饱和和捕获量减少的过程，这可能与人类人口的增加和中世纪晚期开始的领土占领有关。沿着海岸不断增加的新居民数量，导致了占据空间的扩大，这肯定改变了狼的栖息地，并促进了它们的追捕和捕获。关键词:人口动态，中低年龄，土地占用。Abstract Based on the preserved历史文件of catches of wolves, the population dynamics of the species are估计,between the XIVth and XVIIth centuries, in five places on the Iberian地中海海岸:Castello Tortosa,平面,Monover、1986和杀手锏。在这些地方观察到，狼进入了一个充满和减少的过程，这可能与人类重新人口和占领领土有关，这开始于中世纪晚期。沿着海岸不断增加的新移民的数量，因此被占领地区的扩大，这无疑改变了狼所占领的栖息地，并促进了追捕和捕获。关键词:人口动态，中世纪晚期，领土占领。DOI: 10.7325 / Galemys.2020.A4
{"title":"Repoblación medieval y declive del lobo (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) en la costa mediterránea de la península Ibérica","authors":"Manuel Rosas-Artola","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2020.a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2020.a4","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen A partir de la documentacion historica conservada de capturas de lobos, se estima la dinamica poblacional de la especie, entre los siglos XIV y XVII, en cinco lugares de la costa mediterranea iberica: Tortosa, Castello de la Plana, Monover, Orihuela y Baza. Se observa en estos lugares que el lobo entra en un proceso de saturacion y disminucion de capturas que se puede vincular a la repoblacion humana y la ocupacion del territorio que comienza en la Baja Edad Media. El incremento continuo a lo largo de la costa del numero de nuevos pobladores, tuvo como consecuencia la ampliacion del espacio ocupado, lo que seguramente altero el habitat ocupado por el lobo, y facilito su persecucion y captura. Palabras clave: dinamica poblacional, Baja Edad Media, ocupacion del territorio. Abstract Based on the preserved historical documentation of catches of wolves, the population dynamics of the species are estimated, between the XIVth and XVIIth centuries, in five places on the Iberian Mediterranean coast: Tortosa, Castello de la Plana, Monover, Orihuela and Baza. It is observed in these places that the wolf enters in a process of saturation and decrease in catches that can be linked to human repopulation and the occupation of the territory that begins in the Late Middle Ages. The continuous increase along the coast of the number of new settlers, had as a consequence the expansion of the occupied space, which surely altered the habitat occupied by the wolf, and facilitated its pursuit and capture. Keywords: population dynamics, Late Middle Ages, occupation of the territory. DOI: 10.7325/Galemys.2020.A4","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130634227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resumen Entender los factores que afectan al numero de capturas de tejon (Meles meles) en el entorno de las tejoneras, areas de letrinas y zonas de paso, es de gran utilidad en el contexto de la investigacion de la tuberculosis animal. Estos factores pueden ser utilizados para ayudar a definir y desarrollar estrategias de control de la tuberculosis, determinar densidades de poblacion y en un futuro gestionar programas de vacunacion. En este estudio se analizan los datos obtenidos tras la captura de 49 tejones durante el periodo 2015-2017 y se describe la eficacia de captura en relacion a las siguientes variables: estacion del ano, temperatura del aire, precipitacion, numero de trampas-noche y diferentes habitats de trampeo. La mayor tasa de captura (2,76 tejones/100 trampas-noche) se obtuvo a final del invierno-principio de primavera, lo que podria estar relacionado directamente con la disponibilidad de alimento. Entre los tejones adultos, el porcentaje de hembras capturadas fue superior (63%) al de machos (37%), lo que podria estar relacionado con una mayor implicacion de las hembras en la busqueda de alimento. En el entorno de las tejoneras se obtuvieron mejores tasas de captura y no se encontro significacion estadistica con respecto a las variables meteorologicas estudiadas. Palabras clave: Eficacia de captura, Espana atlantica, tejon europeo. Abstract Understanding factors affecting the number of badgers (Meles meles) captured around the setts, latrine and passage areas, is of considerable application in a context of animal tuberculosis research. These factors could be used to define and develop strategies to control tuberculosis, to estimate badgers densities and, in the future, to manage vaccination programs. This study analyzes the trappability of 49 badgers from 2015 to 2017 and describes the capture rate in comparison with these variables: season of the year, meteorological temperature and precipitation, number of night traps and different trapping habitats. The highest capture rate (2.76 badgers/100 night traps) was obtained in late winter-early spring, which could be directly related to the availability of food. Among the adult badgers captured, the females were trapped in higher proportion (63%) than males (37%), which could be related to a greater involvement of the females in the search for food. The best capture rate was obtained around of the setts and no statistical significance was found with respect to the meteorological variables studied. Keywords: Capture rate, Atlantic Spain, European Badger. DOI: 10.7325/Galemys.2020.A1
{"title":"Eficacia de la captura de tejones (Meles meles) en el contexto de la investigación de la tuberculosis animal en la España atlántica","authors":"J. M. Prieto, P. Quirós, A. Balseiro","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2020.a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2020.a1","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen Entender los factores que afectan al numero de capturas de tejon (Meles meles) en el entorno de las tejoneras, areas de letrinas y zonas de paso, es de gran utilidad en el contexto de la investigacion de la tuberculosis animal. Estos factores pueden ser utilizados para ayudar a definir y desarrollar estrategias de control de la tuberculosis, determinar densidades de poblacion y en un futuro gestionar programas de vacunacion. En este estudio se analizan los datos obtenidos tras la captura de 49 tejones durante el periodo 2015-2017 y se describe la eficacia de captura en relacion a las siguientes variables: estacion del ano, temperatura del aire, precipitacion, numero de trampas-noche y diferentes habitats de trampeo. La mayor tasa de captura (2,76 tejones/100 trampas-noche) se obtuvo a final del invierno-principio de primavera, lo que podria estar relacionado directamente con la disponibilidad de alimento. Entre los tejones adultos, el porcentaje de hembras capturadas fue superior (63%) al de machos (37%), lo que podria estar relacionado con una mayor implicacion de las hembras en la busqueda de alimento. En el entorno de las tejoneras se obtuvieron mejores tasas de captura y no se encontro significacion estadistica con respecto a las variables meteorologicas estudiadas. Palabras clave: Eficacia de captura, Espana atlantica, tejon europeo. Abstract Understanding factors affecting the number of badgers (Meles meles) captured around the setts, latrine and passage areas, is of considerable application in a context of animal tuberculosis research. These factors could be used to define and develop strategies to control tuberculosis, to estimate badgers densities and, in the future, to manage vaccination programs. This study analyzes the trappability of 49 badgers from 2015 to 2017 and describes the capture rate in comparison with these variables: season of the year, meteorological temperature and precipitation, number of night traps and different trapping habitats. The highest capture rate (2.76 badgers/100 night traps) was obtained in late winter-early spring, which could be directly related to the availability of food. Among the adult badgers captured, the females were trapped in higher proportion (63%) than males (37%), which could be related to a greater involvement of the females in the search for food. The best capture rate was obtained around of the setts and no statistical significance was found with respect to the meteorological variables studied. Keywords: Capture rate, Atlantic Spain, European Badger. DOI: 10.7325/Galemys.2020.A1","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132539635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
61 The montane water vole, Arvicola scherman (Shaw, 1801), mainly inhabits meadows, grasslands and fruit orchards (Giraudoux et al. 1997, FichetCalvet et al. 2000) of the main mountainous areas of Europe (Kryštufek et al. 2015 and reference therein). This species lives underground in extensive burrow systems (Airoldi 1976), consuming both epigeic and hipogeic parts of plants (Airoldi 1976, Kopp 1993). Due to its relatively high energy demand, each individual should daily ingest the equivalent of its body mass in food (Quéré 2009). As a consequence, important damage to grasslands, fruit orchards (apple, cherry, plum and pear trees) (Meylan 1977, Somoano et al. 2016) and annual crops (Braña 2001) can occur, but also damages to kiwi trees and grass silages may be observed (Somoano 2017). Additionally, vegetation is covered by earth mounds because of its activity, which interferes with farming practices (Meylan 1977). It was as a result of first records of A. scherman in NW Spain when agricultural damages produced by this species were well described (García-Dory 1974, Noval 1976, 1981, Nores 1986). The first study on A. terrestris (read A. scherman) reported its presence in the Cantabrian Mountain range (Niethammer 1964). Shortly after, a study of barn owl (Tyto alba) pellets from Picos de Europa (Heim de Balsac & Beaufort1 969) verified the existence of established populations of this species in Asturias, Cantabria and Galicia. By the same methodology, A. scherman was revealed to occur in a relatively wide distribution in Asturias (Braña 1974, Nores 1989). Also in 1970s, Garzón-Heydt et al. (1971) and Gosálbez (1976) detected this species in mountains of Los Ancares (Galicia) and in southern Cantabrian Mountain range (Castilla y León) respectively. However, it could be probably that crop damages caused by A. scherman in Cantabrian mountain range had been historically well-known by farmers before the species was described (García-Dory 1974). The presence of montane water voles in the NW Iberian Peninsula goes back to the Mousterian (Middle Palaeolithic, about 39,110 years BP) as showed the dentitions of several specimens found in Cueva del Conde, an archaeo-palaeontological deposit located in Asturias (Lopez-García et al. 2011). In Upper Paleolithic, this species seemed to be present along NW coastal Spain, from Donostia to at least Oviedo (García-Ibaibarriaga et al. 2013). Nevertheless, there seems to be no information on agricultural damages caused by montane water voles until the beginning of the XVII-century. In that sense, the first reported case encountered to date which suggests crop losses arguably caused by montane water voles occurred in uplands from Villaviciosa (Asturias) between 1616 and 1622 (Fig. 1). The author, Gaspar de Villarroel (1738), mentioned an overabundance of mice that cut down the fruit trees and crops, with negative consequences for farmers. It is worth noting that, far from applying demographic control practices, protecti
61山地水鼠Arvicola scherman (Shaw, 1801)主要栖息于欧洲主要山区的草甸、草地和果园(Giraudoux et al. 1997, FichetCalvet et al. 2000) (Kryštufek et al. 2015，参考文献)。该物种生活在地下广泛的洞穴系统中(Airoldi 1976)，消耗植物的后生和后生部分(Airoldi 1976, Kopp 1993)。由于其相对较高的能量需求，每个人每天应该摄入相当于其体重的食物(qu2013.09)。因此，可能会对草地、果园(苹果、樱桃、李子和梨树)(Meylan 1977, Somoano et al. 2016)和一年生作物(Braña 2001)造成重大损害，但也可能对猕猴桃树和草青贮物造成损害(Somoano 2017)。此外，植被因其活动而被土丘覆盖，这干扰了耕作方式(Meylan 1977)。这是由于在西班牙西北部首次记录到该物种造成的农业危害得到了很好的描述(García-Dory 1974, Noval 1976, 1981, Nores 1986)。第一个关于A. terrestris(阅读A. scherman)的研究报告了它在坎塔布连山脉的存在(Niethammer 1964)。不久之后，对来自Picos de Europa (Heim de Balsac & Beaufort1 969)的仓鸮(Tyto alba)颗粒的研究证实了该物种在阿斯图里亚斯，坎塔布里亚和加利西亚的既定种群的存在。通过同样的方法，发现a . scherman在阿斯图里亚斯的分布相对广泛(Braña 1974, Nores 1989)。同样在20世纪70年代，Garzón-Heydt et al.(1971)和Gosálbez(1976)分别在Los Ancares(加利西亚)山脉和Cantabrian山脉南部(Castilla y León)发现了该物种。然而，可能在该物种被描述之前，坎塔布连山脉的农民就已经知道了A. scherman对作物造成的损害(García-Dory 1974)。根据在Cueva del Conde(位于阿斯图里亚斯的考古古生物沉积物)发现的几个标本的牙列，伊比利亚半岛西北部山地水田鼠的存在可以追溯到莫斯特纪(旧石器时代中期，约39,110年前)(Lopez-García et al. 2011)。在旧石器时代晚期，这个物种似乎出现在西班牙西北沿海，从多诺斯蒂亚到至少奥维耶多(García-Ibaibarriaga et al. 2013)。然而，直到十七世纪初，似乎没有关于山地水鼠对农业造成损害的资料。从这个意义上说，迄今为止遇到的第一个报告病例表明，在1616年至1622年之间，可能是山区水鼠造成的作物损失发生在Villaviciosa(阿斯图里亚斯)的高地上(图1)。作者Gaspar de Villarroel(1738)提到，过量的老鼠砍伐了果树和作物，给农民带来了负面后果。值得注意的是，保护措施远非采用人口控制措施，而是在神职人员的指导下完成的，维护了老鼠作为上帝动物的权利。自史前以来，该地理区域的农业活动发展将推动草甸取代落叶林(Díaz-Maroto 2009)，而大多数天然草地仅限于高地地区。山地水鼠(Arvicola scherman)在西班牙西北部作为作物害虫的作用:从什么时候开始?
{"title":"The role of the montane water vole (Arvicola scherman) as a crop pest in NW Spain: since when?","authors":"A. Somoano","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2020.n1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2020.n1","url":null,"abstract":"61 The montane water vole, Arvicola scherman (Shaw, 1801), mainly inhabits meadows, grasslands and fruit orchards (Giraudoux et al. 1997, FichetCalvet et al. 2000) of the main mountainous areas of Europe (Kryštufek et al. 2015 and reference therein). This species lives underground in extensive burrow systems (Airoldi 1976), consuming both epigeic and hipogeic parts of plants (Airoldi 1976, Kopp 1993). Due to its relatively high energy demand, each individual should daily ingest the equivalent of its body mass in food (Quéré 2009). As a consequence, important damage to grasslands, fruit orchards (apple, cherry, plum and pear trees) (Meylan 1977, Somoano et al. 2016) and annual crops (Braña 2001) can occur, but also damages to kiwi trees and grass silages may be observed (Somoano 2017). Additionally, vegetation is covered by earth mounds because of its activity, which interferes with farming practices (Meylan 1977). It was as a result of first records of A. scherman in NW Spain when agricultural damages produced by this species were well described (García-Dory 1974, Noval 1976, 1981, Nores 1986). The first study on A. terrestris (read A. scherman) reported its presence in the Cantabrian Mountain range (Niethammer 1964). Shortly after, a study of barn owl (Tyto alba) pellets from Picos de Europa (Heim de Balsac & Beaufort1 969) verified the existence of established populations of this species in Asturias, Cantabria and Galicia. By the same methodology, A. scherman was revealed to occur in a relatively wide distribution in Asturias (Braña 1974, Nores 1989). Also in 1970s, Garzón-Heydt et al. (1971) and Gosálbez (1976) detected this species in mountains of Los Ancares (Galicia) and in southern Cantabrian Mountain range (Castilla y León) respectively. However, it could be probably that crop damages caused by A. scherman in Cantabrian mountain range had been historically well-known by farmers before the species was described (García-Dory 1974). The presence of montane water voles in the NW Iberian Peninsula goes back to the Mousterian (Middle Palaeolithic, about 39,110 years BP) as showed the dentitions of several specimens found in Cueva del Conde, an archaeo-palaeontological deposit located in Asturias (Lopez-García et al. 2011). In Upper Paleolithic, this species seemed to be present along NW coastal Spain, from Donostia to at least Oviedo (García-Ibaibarriaga et al. 2013). Nevertheless, there seems to be no information on agricultural damages caused by montane water voles until the beginning of the XVII-century. In that sense, the first reported case encountered to date which suggests crop losses arguably caused by montane water voles occurred in uplands from Villaviciosa (Asturias) between 1616 and 1622 (Fig. 1). The author, Gaspar de Villarroel (1738), mentioned an overabundance of mice that cut down the fruit trees and crops, with negative consequences for farmers. It is worth noting that, far from applying demographic control practices, protecti","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122272744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nuevos datos sobre la distribución y hábitat usados por el meloncillo en la península ibérica: ¿Es más común y generalista de hábitat de lo que se conocía?","authors":"Francisco Palomares, J. Román","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2020.a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2020.a3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"6 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130520519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Barbero-Palacios, J. Carreira, E. Baraza, J. Krumins, M. Brolly, N. Burnside, J. Bartolomé, S. Lavín, J. Calleja, J. Carvalho, R. Torres, I. Barrio, R. Perea, E. Serrano
Keywords: browsing, carbon cycle, global change, grazing, zoogeochemistry. DOI: 10.7325/Galemys.2020.F1
{"title":"The role of wild ungulates in nutrient cycling in Mediterranean ecosystems: a pending issue","authors":"Laura Barbero-Palacios, J. Carreira, E. Baraza, J. Krumins, M. Brolly, N. Burnside, J. Bartolomé, S. Lavín, J. Calleja, J. Carvalho, R. Torres, I. Barrio, R. Perea, E. Serrano","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2020.f1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2020.f1","url":null,"abstract":"Keywords: browsing, carbon cycle, global change, grazing, zoogeochemistry. DOI: 10.7325/Galemys.2020.F1","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130084020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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