Knowledge of the population dynamics of Iberian carnivores is still poor, despite the importance of this knowledge in the proper management of the environment. Camera-trapping has evolved greatly and has expanded as a detection method and for obtaining biological and ecological parameters of carnivores, because it is widely applicable and non-invasive. This technique has been successfully used in a variety of species for census and to establish relative abundance. In the present study, our results provide estimates of the density of genets by camera-trapping in a typical Mediterranean forest dominated by oaks (Quercus ilex) and small patches of Aleppo (Pinus halepensis), Scots (Pinus sylvestris) and black pine (Pinus nigra salzmannii) on a limestone substrate. During the summer of 2008 sampling was conducted in the Sant Llorenç del Munt i L’Obac Natural Park, located in the province of Barcelona, north east Spain. A total of 12 camera traps, arranged in a grid, worked simultaneously for 6 weeks. Each week, we checked the proper functioning of the equipment and renewed the bait (tuna cans with vegetable oil). The effective sampling effort was 418 trapdays and 705 photographs were obtained of 494 animals, including 17 of genets. Applying the methodology for estimating densities and using photographic capture-recapture data we obtained densities of 0.64± 0.19 individuals/km2 by the estimator M0 and 0.85± 0.27 genets/km2 with Mh estimator. Considering these results, camera-trapping appears to be the optimal method for estimating densities and recording other aspects of the ecology of carnivores which are easily identified by photographic records, such as the genet.
对伊比利亚食肉动物种群动态的了解仍然很少，尽管这些知识对环境的适当管理很重要。摄像机诱捕由于具有广泛的适用性和非侵入性，已经发展成为一种检测食肉动物的方法和获取生物和生态参数的方法。该技术已成功地用于多种物种的普查和建立相对丰度。在本研究中，我们的研究结果通过摄像机诱捕在典型的地中海森林中提供了基因密度的估计，该森林以橡树(栎)和石灰岩基质上的小块阿勒颇(松)、苏格兰(松)和黑松(黑松)为主。2008年夏季，在位于西班牙东北部巴塞罗那省的Sant Llorenç del Munt i L 'Obac自然公园进行了采样。共有12个相机陷阱，排列成网格，同时工作6周。每周，我们都会检查设备的正常运行，并更换诱饵(加植物油的金枪鱼罐头)。有效采样时间为418个陷阱日，共采集动物照片705张，共494只，包括17个基因。应用密度估计方法和摄影捕获-再捕获数据，采用M0估计得到密度为0.64±0.19个/km2，采用Mh估计得到密度为0.85±0.27个/km2。考虑到这些结果，相机陷阱似乎是估计密度和记录食肉动物生态的其他方面的最佳方法，这些方面很容易通过照片记录识别，如基因。
{"title":"Abundancia de ginetas (Genetta genetta) en un encinar mediterráneo. Estimación mediante trampeo fotográfico","authors":"A. Peris, Luís Tena, A. Villena","doi":"10.7325/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/3","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of the population dynamics of Iberian carnivores is still poor, despite the importance of this knowledge in the proper management of the environment. Camera-trapping has evolved greatly and has expanded as a detection method and for obtaining biological and ecological parameters of carnivores, because it is widely applicable and non-invasive. This technique has been successfully used in a variety of species for census and to establish relative abundance. In the present study, our results provide estimates of the density of genets by camera-trapping in a typical Mediterranean forest dominated by oaks (Quercus ilex) and small patches of Aleppo (Pinus halepensis), Scots (Pinus sylvestris) and black pine (Pinus nigra salzmannii) on a limestone substrate. During the summer of 2008 sampling was conducted in the Sant Llorenç del Munt i L’Obac Natural Park, located in the province of Barcelona, north east Spain. A total of 12 camera traps, arranged in a grid, worked simultaneously for 6 weeks. Each week, we checked the proper functioning of the equipment and renewed the bait (tuna cans with vegetable oil). The effective sampling effort was 418 trapdays and 705 photographs were obtained of 494 animals, including 17 of genets. Applying the methodology for estimating densities and using photographic capture-recapture data we obtained densities of 0.64± 0.19 individuals/km2 by the estimator M0 and 0.85± 0.27 genets/km2 with Mh estimator. Considering these results, camera-trapping appears to be the optimal method for estimating densities and recording other aspects of the ecology of carnivores which are easily identified by photographic records, such as the genet.","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133227365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Much recent research has focused on understanding the environmental factors that limit the distribution and abundance of species. Mongoose populations have expanded dramatically in recent decades. In Portugal, during the XXth century, this species was only distributed in the south. However, in the early 1990s, this carnivore started to expand northwards across the Tagus River and recent observations have recorded this species in central and northern Portugal. However, there is a lack of information about its status, distribution and bio-ecology in Portugal and in the new expansion areas. Based on questionnaires, species observations and information from museum collections, we evaluated the recent distribution and status of the Egyptian mongoose in Portugal. Differences between its recent and historical distribution, its evolution through time and possible factors that might affect its distribution were also analysed. Our results show that this species occupies more than half of Portugal and rapidly colonized the north from the south. The evolution of this distribution is well-known, particularly in the last decade of its colonization. This situation can be associated with several factors, such as recent habitat modifications and land-use change, the absence of predators and the ecological plasticity of the Egyptian mongoose.
{"title":"Expansão do sacarrabos Herpestes ichneumon (Linnaeus, 1758) em Portugal","authors":"Tânia Barros, Carlos Fonseca","doi":"10.7325/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/6","url":null,"abstract":"Much recent research has focused on understanding the environmental factors that limit the distribution and abundance of species. Mongoose populations have expanded dramatically in recent decades. In Portugal, during the XXth century, this species was only distributed in the south. However, in the early 1990s, this carnivore started to expand northwards across the Tagus River and recent observations have recorded this species in central and northern Portugal. However, there is a lack of information about its status, distribution and bio-ecology in Portugal and in the new expansion areas. Based on questionnaires, species observations and information from museum collections, we evaluated the recent distribution and status of the Egyptian mongoose in Portugal. Differences between its recent and historical distribution, its evolution through time and possible factors that might affect its distribution were also analysed. Our results show that this species occupies more than half of Portugal and rapidly colonized the north from the south. The evolution of this distribution is well-known, particularly in the last decade of its colonization. This situation can be associated with several factors, such as recent habitat modifications and land-use change, the absence of predators and the ecological plasticity of the Egyptian mongoose.","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129637428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra) is a semiaquatic carnivore usually feeding on a wide spectrum of prey items. Otter diet is commonly determined from non-digested fragments found in their spraints, or within prey remains deposited along the rivers where they live. Three crayfish species occur within the Iberian Peninsula, one being native and suffering a severe risk of extinction, and two being invasive species originating from North America. In mountain areas, where a total or partial drought in a number of streams and creeks is common, crayfish often become an important dietary resource for otters. Nevertheless, many of the papers dealing with crayfish as a prey item for this mustelid do not identify the species involved. The present work makes an attempt to define some morphological traits observed in crayfish fragments found in spraints or partially consumed remains from otters inhabiting the southern Iberian Ridge, which could serve to identify a crayfish species in a quick and simple way. Furthermore, these features can help in locating and identifying new crayfish populations while carrying out otter surveys, and vice versa
{"title":"Empleo de excrementos de nutria Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) para la diagnosis específica de los cangrejos de río en la Península Ibérica","authors":"J. A. Arce","doi":"10.7325/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/5","url":null,"abstract":"The Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra) is a semiaquatic carnivore usually feeding on a wide spectrum of prey items. Otter diet is commonly determined from non-digested fragments found in their spraints, or within prey remains deposited along the rivers where they live. Three crayfish species occur within the Iberian Peninsula, one being native and suffering a severe risk of extinction, and two being invasive species originating from North America. In mountain areas, where a total or partial drought in a number of streams and creeks is common, crayfish often become an important dietary resource for otters. Nevertheless, many of the papers dealing with crayfish as a prey item for this mustelid do not identify the species involved. The present work makes an attempt to define some morphological traits observed in crayfish fragments found in spraints or partially consumed remains from otters inhabiting the southern Iberian Ridge, which could serve to identify a crayfish species in a quick and simple way. Furthermore, these features can help in locating and identifying new crayfish populations while carrying out otter surveys, and vice versa","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122200669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-31DOI: 10.7325/galemys.2010.ne.a30
T. Martínez
Se analizan los habitos alimentarios y factores mas influyentes en la seleccion de dieta y estrategia alimentaria de 3 clases de sexo y edad (machos, hembras y jovenes) de cabra montes (Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838) en el Parque Natural de Cazarla, Segura y las Villas. Se estudia la disponibilidad de recursos, la composicion quimica del alimento, y la relacion de ambos parametros con la cUera de las tres clases estudiada a partir de tres procedimientos estadisticos: coeficiente de correlacion por rangos de Spearman, regresion multiple por pasos y analisis de componentes principales. Se observo correlacion significativa entre las dietas de las tres clases, pero se observaron variaciones importantes en cuanto al consumo de las distintas especies de plantas. La similitud entre las dietas de las tres clases estudiadas en primavera y verano fluctuo entre el 52,6% y el 57,3%. En otono e invierno la similitud entre la dieta de los tres grupos fue relativamente mas alta. Los machos y las hembras seleccionaron su dieta en funcion de la disponibilidad del alimento, teniendo tambien influencia el contenido en lignina y la digestibilidad de la fibra. La disponibilidad de recursos afecto en mayor medida a los machos que a las hembras. En la seleccion de la dieta de los jovenes, la disponibilidad de los recursos practicamente no mostro efecto, influyendo en mayor medida la digestibilidad y el contenido en proteina del alimento. Los jovenes se mostraron mas selectivos que los machos y las hembras al seleccionar recursos de mayor calidad. El grupo de los machos habria sido el menos selectivo a la hora de elegir su dieta. La estrategia alimentaria seguida por los machos, hembras y jovenes se ajustaria razonablemente a los patrones de seleccion de dieta en relacion al tamano del cuerpo de los animales.
{"title":"Selección y estrategia alimentaria de los machos, hembras y jóvenes de cabra montés (Capra pyrenaica Schinz), 1883) en el sureste de España","authors":"T. Martínez","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2010.ne.a30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2010.ne.a30","url":null,"abstract":"Se analizan los habitos alimentarios y factores mas influyentes en la seleccion de dieta y estrategia alimentaria de 3 clases de sexo y edad (machos, hembras y jovenes) de cabra montes (Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838) en el Parque Natural de Cazarla, Segura y las Villas. Se estudia la disponibilidad de recursos, la composicion quimica del alimento, y la relacion de ambos parametros con la cUera de las tres clases estudiada a partir de tres procedimientos estadisticos: coeficiente de correlacion por rangos de Spearman, regresion multiple por pasos y analisis de componentes principales. Se observo correlacion significativa entre las dietas de las tres clases, pero se observaron variaciones importantes en cuanto al consumo de las distintas especies de plantas. La similitud entre las dietas de las tres clases estudiadas en primavera y verano fluctuo entre el 52,6% y el 57,3%. En otono e invierno la similitud entre la dieta de los tres grupos fue relativamente mas alta. Los machos y las hembras seleccionaron su dieta en funcion de la disponibilidad del alimento, teniendo tambien influencia el contenido en lignina y la digestibilidad de la fibra. La disponibilidad de recursos afecto en mayor medida a los machos que a las hembras. En la seleccion de la dieta de los jovenes, la disponibilidad de los recursos practicamente no mostro efecto, influyendo en mayor medida la digestibilidad y el contenido en proteina del alimento. Los jovenes se mostraron mas selectivos que los machos y las hembras al seleccionar recursos de mayor calidad. El grupo de los machos habria sido el menos selectivo a la hora de elegir su dieta. La estrategia alimentaria seguida por los machos, hembras y jovenes se ajustaria razonablemente a los patrones de seleccion de dieta en relacion al tamano del cuerpo de los animales.","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133964087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-31DOI: 10.7325/galemys.2010.ne.a1
G. Markov
espanolLas caracteristicas craneometricas de los machos y hembras de rebeco de la poblacion de Bulgaria se determinaron sobre la base de 14 variables morfometricas. Se encontro dimorfismo sexual en cinco de las variables estudiadas. Las caracteristicas craneometricas de los machos y hembras de rebeco de Bulgaria se compararon con datos clasicos sobre distintas subespecies en el area de distribucion europea de dos especies: R. rupicapra, con las subespecies canusiana, balcanica y caucasica, y R pyrmaica, con las subespecies amata y pyrenaica. La evaluacion de las similitudes y diferencias craneometricas entre el rebeco de Bulgaria y las subespecies escudiadas se realizo para ambos sexos por separado. Esta demostro que existen diferencias c.raneometcicas entre las dos especies, y concretamente que el rebeco de Bulgaria pertenece a la subespecie R. r. balcanica Bolkay. Se determinaron las caracteristicas metricas de los cuernos y su tasa de crecimiento en machos y hembras de rebeco de Bulgaria de entre 2 y 18 anos de edad, donde se pone de manifiesto que la mayor tasa de crecimiento del cuerno se produce el primer ano de vida. Ademas, se obtuvo un modelo matematico de su crecimiento en ambos sexos del rebeco bulgaro, obteniendo una base para poder comparar el desarrollo del cuerno de R r. balcanica con otras subespecies de R. rupicapra dentro del area de distribucion europea. EnglishCraniometrical charateristics of male and female chamois of the Bulgarian population were carried out on the basis of 14 morphometric variables. Sexual dimorphisrn was found in five of the studied variables. The established craniometrical characterisrics of Bulgarian male and female chamois were compared with classical data concerning different subspecies within the European cange of rhe two species: R. rupicapra, consisting of cartusiana, balcanica, caucasica, and R. pyrenaica. consisting of ornata and pyrmaica. The assessment of craniometrical similariey and distinction between Bulgarian chamois and studied subspecies, separacely for each sex, demonstrated craniometrical separation of me two species and, in particular that Bulgarian chamois belong ro che subspecies R r. balcanica Bolkay. Metric characters of the horns in males and females Bulgarian chamois aged between 2 and 12 years were measured, their growth rate was determined and a mamematical model for their growth in both sexes was found. Both empirically established and computed hom growm dynamics of Bulgarian chamois showed that the greatest annual increment was observed during the first year after that it decreased rapidly with advancing age, until an almost constanr growth per year was reached. The drawn equations for absolute annual growth and variarion of absolute and relative annual growth of the horns in both sexes of Bulgarian chamois could become a basis for comparative studies of developrnent of the horn of subspecies R. r. balcanica with the omer subspecies of R. rupicapra within its European area.
对保加利亚种群的雄性和雌性的颅骨特征进行了14个形态测量变量的测定。性别二态性在五个研究变量中被发现。将保加利亚红雀雄性和雌性的颅骨特征与两个物种在欧洲范围内不同亚种的经典数据进行了比较:R. rupicapra与canusiana亚种、巴尔干亚种和高加索亚种，R. pyrmaica与amata亚种和pyrenaica亚种。本研究的目的是评估保加利亚红雀亚种和盾形亚种之间的颅骨测量异同。这表明这两个物种之间存在c.raneometcicas差异，特别是保加利亚红雀属于R. R. balcanica Bolkay亚种。确定了caracteristicas metricas角及其增长率在雄性和雌性保加利亚麂皮2至18年的年龄,表明增长率较高的角会生活的第一年。此外，还建立了保加利亚红雀两性生长的数学模型，为比较巴尔干红雀角与欧洲分布区域内其他红雀亚种的发育提供了基础。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据，该县总面积为，其中土地和(1.5%)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，cdp的总面积为，其中土地和(0.964平方公里)水。The成立craniometrical characterisrics of Bulgarian男和女性chamois算不上with不同subspecies within The classical data关于欧洲cange rhe two species: r . rupicapra由cartusiana, balcanica、caucasica和r . pyrenaica。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该县的总面积为，其中土地和(3.064平方公里)水。对保加利亚岩羚羊和所研究的亚种之间的颅骨相似性和区别的评估，对每个性别进行了分离，表明了我两个物种的颅骨分离，特别是保加利亚岩羚羊属于ro che亚种R . R . balcanica Bolkay。对年龄在2岁至12岁之间的保加利亚岩羚羊的雄性和雌性角的公制特征进行了测量，确定了它们的生长速度，并发现了两性角生长的哺乳模型。Both empirically成立and computed hom growm dynamics of Bulgarian chamois显示上最伟大annual increment after that it was observed during the first年decreased》与《年龄,智利constanr growth per年was则忿忿不平。The的equations for absolute annual growth and variarion of absolute和annual growth of The horns in both sexes of Bulgarian chamois可根据程序comparative studies of developrnent of The horn of subspecies r . r . balcanica with The omer subspecies of r . rupicapra within its欧洲地区。
{"title":"Skull and horn features of Chamois from Bulgaria: morphometric evidence for its taxonomic detachment","authors":"G. Markov","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2010.ne.a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2010.ne.a1","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLas caracteristicas craneometricas de los machos y hembras de rebeco de la poblacion de Bulgaria se determinaron sobre la base de 14 variables morfometricas. Se encontro dimorfismo sexual en cinco de las variables estudiadas. Las caracteristicas craneometricas de los machos y hembras de rebeco de Bulgaria se compararon con datos clasicos sobre distintas subespecies en el area de distribucion europea de dos especies: R. rupicapra, con las subespecies canusiana, balcanica y caucasica, y R pyrmaica, con las subespecies amata y pyrenaica. La evaluacion de las similitudes y diferencias craneometricas entre el rebeco de Bulgaria y las subespecies escudiadas se realizo para ambos sexos por separado. Esta demostro que existen diferencias c.raneometcicas entre las dos especies, y concretamente que el rebeco de Bulgaria pertenece a la subespecie R. r. balcanica Bolkay. Se determinaron las caracteristicas metricas de los cuernos y su tasa de crecimiento en machos y hembras de rebeco de Bulgaria de entre 2 y 18 anos de edad, donde se pone de manifiesto que la mayor tasa de crecimiento del cuerno se produce el primer ano de vida. Ademas, se obtuvo un modelo matematico de su crecimiento en ambos sexos del rebeco bulgaro, obteniendo una base para poder comparar el desarrollo del cuerno de R r. balcanica con otras subespecies de R. rupicapra dentro del area de distribucion europea. EnglishCraniometrical charateristics of male and female chamois of the Bulgarian population were carried out on the basis of 14 morphometric variables. Sexual dimorphisrn was found in five of the studied variables. The established craniometrical characterisrics of Bulgarian male and female chamois were compared with classical data concerning different subspecies within the European cange of rhe two species: R. rupicapra, consisting of cartusiana, balcanica, caucasica, and R. pyrenaica. consisting of ornata and pyrmaica. The assessment of craniometrical similariey and distinction between Bulgarian chamois and studied subspecies, separacely for each sex, demonstrated craniometrical separation of me two species and, in particular that Bulgarian chamois belong ro che subspecies R r. balcanica Bolkay. Metric characters of the horns in males and females Bulgarian chamois aged between 2 and 12 years were measured, their growth rate was determined and a mamematical model for their growth in both sexes was found. Both empirically established and computed hom growm dynamics of Bulgarian chamois showed that the greatest annual increment was observed during the first year after that it decreased rapidly with advancing age, until an almost constanr growth per year was reached. The drawn equations for absolute annual growth and variarion of absolute and relative annual growth of the horns in both sexes of Bulgarian chamois could become a basis for comparative studies of developrnent of the horn of subspecies R. r. balcanica with the omer subspecies of R. rupicapra within its European area.","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"345 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132097591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-31DOI: 10.7325/galemys.2010.ne.a35
K. Valchev, V. Milushev, Y. Yankov
In 2002 a program for reintroduction of Balkan chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica Bolkay, 1925) started in Vltosha Nature Park. At the beginning, an aclimatization enclosure was constructed covering about 0.3 km suitable habitats at 1,450-1,600 m a.s.l. Capturing of chamois started in 2003 and various techniques have been used. Between 2003 and 2009 altogether 27 chamois have been transported to acclimatisation endosure from four different localities in the Rodopi Mountains. Altogether 33 kids have been registered born in Vitosha NP. In 2006 first 9 chamois were released in me wild followed by a group of 6 animals in 2008 and 3 in 2009 in total 18 chamois. We have registered 21-25 cases of mortality due to: diseases 1 (4.5%), feral dogs/wolf9 (40%), antagonistic behaviour 1 (4.5%), falling from a rock 1 (4.5%), unknown reasons 9-13 (43%-50%). Average of about 15% a year but high mortality in the enclosure 14 cases 8 (57%) of, hem are caused by feral dog. In order to minimize me risk of illegal hunting me following actions have been undertaken: meetings with local communities (especially hunters) around the border of the pack; direct involvement of students. Volunteers and local hunters in reintroductioni publication of articles and interviews in the media; regular monitoring of me released animals and those in the enclosure. Monitoring of the herd released in me wild (outside of me enclosure) has been carried out since: 2007. One GPS-GSM collar has been wed as well as VHF transmitters and direct observations. In the beginning of 2010 the number of chamois, in me wild is 16-19 and 13 animal, are still kept in me enclosure. The number of chamois in the park by the end of 2009 is 28-32.
{"title":"Reintroduction of Balkan chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica Bolkay, 1925) in Vitosha Nature Park","authors":"K. Valchev, V. Milushev, Y. Yankov","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2010.ne.a35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2010.ne.a35","url":null,"abstract":"In 2002 a program for reintroduction of Balkan chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica Bolkay, 1925) started in Vltosha Nature Park. At the beginning, an aclimatization enclosure was constructed covering about 0.3 km suitable habitats at 1,450-1,600 m a.s.l. Capturing of chamois started in 2003 and various techniques have been used. Between 2003 and 2009 altogether 27 chamois have been transported to acclimatisation endosure from four different localities in the Rodopi Mountains. Altogether 33 kids have been registered born in Vitosha NP.\u0000In 2006 first 9 chamois were released in me wild followed by a group of 6 animals in 2008 and 3 in 2009 in total 18 chamois. We have registered 21-25 cases of mortality due to: diseases 1 (4.5%), feral dogs/wolf9 (40%), antagonistic behaviour 1 (4.5%), falling from a rock 1 (4.5%), unknown reasons 9-13 (43%-50%). Average of about 15% a year but high mortality in the enclosure 14 cases 8 (57%) of, hem are caused by feral dog. In order to minimize me risk of illegal hunting me following actions have been undertaken: meetings with local communities (especially hunters) around the border of the pack; direct involvement of students. Volunteers and local hunters in reintroductioni publication of articles and interviews in the media; regular monitoring of me released animals and those in the enclosure. Monitoring of the herd released in me wild (outside of me enclosure) has been carried out since: 2007. One GPS-GSM collar has been wed as well as VHF transmitters and direct observations. In the beginning of 2010 the number of chamois, in me wild is 16-19 and 13 animal, are still kept in me enclosure. The number of chamois in the park by the end of 2009 is 28-32.","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"209 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131422806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-31DOI: 10.7325/galemys.2010.ne.a24
Asif Hussain, Q. Qureshi, G. Rawat
espanolEl estudio se llevo a cabo en el Santuario de Vida Salvaje de Changthang, que es el limite mas occidental del asno salvaje tibetano (Equus kiang kiang), los kiang en las praderas de Changthang que compite con su ganado por los pastos. El objeto del estudio es determinar si las diferencias en la seleccion de habitat entre el asno salvaje y ganado domestico son estacionales. Hemos utilizado un diseno de jerarquia temporal para determinar si la presencia o ausencia de ganado conlleva un cambio en el uso del habitat, la dieta y el comportamiento del kiang. El uso del habitat fue significativamente diferente antes y despues de la presencia de ganado. Cuando el ganado tiene distintas practicas de pastoreo, el kiang se ve obligado a desplazarse a pendientes pronunciadas de mayor elevacion, con el mayor riesgo consiguiente de ser objeto de predacion. El numero de animales que presentaron un perfil etiologico diferente cambio de forma significativa en presencia de ganado; el numero de animales que se alimentaban tambien aumento; el numero de ejemplares que se desplazaban disminuyo de forma importante en presencia y ausencia de ganado; no hubo cambios significativos en las preferencias de dieta. Seria necesario comprender estos procesos en los paisajes ocupados por humanos, ademas de adoptar estrategias locales de conservacion apropiadas para la conservacion de la fauna transhimalaya. EnglishThe study was conducted in me Changthang Wildlife sanctuary, the western mast limit of kiang distribution (Equus kiang kiang). Wild equids in Asia share rangelands with pastoral communities. This study objectives were to determine resource selection by kiang and livestock in a seasonal Trans-Himalayan environment during winter. Using a temporal hierarchial design, we investigated whether Kiang habitat use in an area occupied by livestock, resulted in Kiang using higher elevations and steeper dopes. Proportion of Kiangs involved in different behaviour patterns changed significantly due to livestock presence although diet preferences remained the same. An understanding of these processes in human-occupied landscapes in conjunction with locally appropriate conservation strategies is necessary for long-term conservation of kiang.
{"title":"Tibetan wild ass (Equus kiang) livestock interactions in the Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary, Ladakh, India","authors":"Asif Hussain, Q. Qureshi, G. Rawat","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2010.ne.a24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2010.ne.a24","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl estudio se llevo a cabo en el Santuario de Vida Salvaje de Changthang, que es el limite mas occidental del asno salvaje tibetano (Equus kiang kiang), los kiang en las praderas de Changthang que compite con su ganado por los pastos. El objeto del estudio es determinar si las diferencias en la seleccion de habitat entre el asno salvaje y ganado domestico son estacionales. Hemos utilizado un diseno de jerarquia temporal para determinar si la presencia o ausencia de ganado conlleva un cambio en el uso del habitat, la dieta y el comportamiento del kiang. El uso del habitat fue significativamente diferente antes y despues de la presencia de ganado. Cuando el ganado tiene distintas practicas de pastoreo, el kiang se ve obligado a desplazarse a pendientes pronunciadas de mayor elevacion, con el mayor riesgo consiguiente de ser objeto de predacion. El numero de animales que presentaron un perfil etiologico diferente cambio de forma significativa en presencia de ganado; el numero de animales que se alimentaban tambien aumento; el numero de ejemplares que se desplazaban disminuyo de forma importante en presencia y ausencia de ganado; no hubo cambios significativos en las preferencias de dieta. Seria necesario comprender estos procesos en los paisajes ocupados por humanos, ademas de adoptar estrategias locales de conservacion apropiadas para la conservacion de la fauna transhimalaya. EnglishThe study was conducted in me Changthang Wildlife sanctuary, the western mast limit of kiang distribution (Equus kiang kiang). Wild equids in Asia share rangelands with pastoral communities. This study objectives were to determine resource selection by kiang and livestock in a seasonal Trans-Himalayan environment during winter. Using a temporal hierarchial design, we investigated whether Kiang habitat use in an area occupied by livestock, resulted in Kiang using higher elevations and steeper dopes. Proportion of Kiangs involved in different behaviour patterns changed significantly due to livestock presence although diet preferences remained the same. An understanding of these processes in human-occupied landscapes in conjunction with locally appropriate conservation strategies is necessary for long-term conservation of kiang.","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130091521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-31DOI: 10.7325/galemys.2010.2.n4
Pablo García-Díaz, V. Arevalo
El murcielago ratonero pardo Myotis emarginatus (E. Geoffroy, 1806) es una especie ampliamente distribuida en la Peninsula Iberica (Quetglas 2007a), y por extension en Castilla y Leon (Fernandez 2002). Sin embargo, resulta por lo general escasa, salvo algunas colonias de mayor entidad, por lo que ha sido catalogada en el Libro Rojo de los Mamiferos de Espana como Vulnerable (VU) (Quetglas 2007b). En la provincia de Salamanca apenas si se tiene constancia de la presencia de la especie y los datos existentes se reducen a senalar que ha sido capturada en la comarca de Los Arribes del Duero (Peris et al. 1999, Fernandez 2002). Se desco-noce la procedencia exacta de esta observacion y el metodo de identificacion de la especie, algo crucial en los registros de quiropteros (Flaquer et al. 2010). El 17 de septiembre de 2009 se procedio a revisar un tunel subterraneo de una estacion generadora de electricidad abandonada en el cauce del rio Cuerpo de Hombre en el termino municipal de Candelario (Salamanca), en plena Sierra de Bejar (CUTM de 1x1 km, 30TTK5772 a 1.105 m de altitud). Al inspeccionar el tunel se hallaron tres murcielagos diferentes, un murcie-lago ratonero ribereno Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817), un murcielago ratonero gris Myotis nattereri (Kuhl, 1817) y un murcielago ratonero pardo. Los ejemplares fueron identificados en mano siguiendo la clave de Dietz & Helversen (2004). En el caso del murcielago ratonero pardo era patente la escotadura de la oreja (Figura 1). El tunel muestreado se inunda periodicamente pero sin llegar a cubrir toda la altura, con lo que queda un amplio espacio libre (> 1,5 m de altura) a la vez que hace impracticable el acceso para la gente. Esta es una zona de media montana con elevada influencia atlantica, con precipitaciones media anuales cercanas a los 1.000 mm. La vegetacion es la de un bosque templado tipico, con roble melojo (Quercus pyrenaica), formaciones
褐鼠Myotis emarginatus (E. Geoffroy, 1806)是一种广泛分布于伊比利亚半岛(Quetglas 2007a)的物种，并延伸到Castilla y Leon (Fernandez 2002)。然而，除了一些更大的殖民地外，它通常是稀缺的，因此在西班牙的Mamiferos红皮书中被列为脆弱的(VU) (Quetglas 2007b)。在萨拉曼卡省，几乎没有关于该物种存在的记录，现有的数据仅限于Arribes del Duero地区捕获的senalar (Peris et al. 1999, Fernandez 2002)。这种观察的确切来源和物种鉴定方法在翼手目记录中至关重要(Flaquer et al. 2010)。2009年9月17日，在Sierra de Bejar (CUTM 1x1公里，30TTK5772，海拔1105米)Candelario (Salamanca)市的Cuerpo de Hombre河河床上，一个废弃的发电厂的地下隧道进行了检查。在对隧道的检查中发现了三种不同的蝙蝠，一种是湖边鼠蝠Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817)，一种灰鼠蝠Myotis nattereri (Kuhl, 1817)和一种棕色鼠蝠。这些标本是根据Dietz & Helversen(2004)的钥匙手工鉴定的。对于murcielago ratonero escotadura深是明显的耳朵(图1)。隧道取样填补所有成员国定期发洪水了但没有获得高度自由,剩下的广阔空间(> 1.5米),同时对人们很不切实际的获得。这是一个中等蒙大拿地区，受亚特兰提卡的影响很大，年平均降雨量接近1000毫米。植被是典型的温带森林，有黑橡树(Quercus pyrenaica)，形成
{"title":"Presencia del murciélago ratonero pardo Myotis emarginatus (E. Geoffroy, 1806) en la provincia de Salamanca","authors":"Pablo García-Díaz, V. Arevalo","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2010.2.n4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2010.2.n4","url":null,"abstract":"El murcielago ratonero pardo Myotis emarginatus (E. Geoffroy, 1806) es una especie ampliamente distribuida en la Peninsula Iberica (Quetglas 2007a), y por extension en Castilla y Leon (Fernandez 2002). Sin embargo, resulta por lo general escasa, salvo algunas colonias de mayor entidad, por lo que ha sido catalogada en el Libro Rojo de los Mamiferos de Espana como Vulnerable (VU) (Quetglas 2007b). En la provincia de Salamanca apenas si se tiene constancia de la presencia de la especie y los datos existentes se reducen a senalar que ha sido capturada en la comarca de Los Arribes del Duero (Peris et al. 1999, Fernandez 2002). Se desco-noce la procedencia exacta de esta observacion y el metodo de identificacion de la especie, algo crucial en los registros de quiropteros (Flaquer et al. 2010). El 17 de septiembre de 2009 se procedio a revisar un tunel subterraneo de una estacion generadora de electricidad abandonada en el cauce del rio Cuerpo de Hombre en el termino municipal de Candelario (Salamanca), en plena Sierra de Bejar (CUTM de 1x1 km, 30TTK5772 a 1.105 m de altitud). Al inspeccionar el tunel se hallaron tres murcielagos diferentes, un murcie-lago ratonero ribereno Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817), un murcielago ratonero gris Myotis nattereri (Kuhl, 1817) y un murcielago ratonero pardo. Los ejemplares fueron identificados en mano siguiendo la clave de Dietz & Helversen (2004). En el caso del murcielago ratonero pardo era patente la escotadura de la oreja (Figura 1). El tunel muestreado se inunda periodicamente pero sin llegar a cubrir toda la altura, con lo que queda un amplio espacio libre (> 1,5 m de altura) a la vez que hace impracticable el acceso para la gente. Esta es una zona de media montana con elevada influencia atlantica, con precipitaciones media anuales cercanas a los 1.000 mm. La vegetacion es la de un bosque templado tipico, con roble melojo (Quercus pyrenaica), formaciones","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125556241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-31DOI: 10.7325/galemys.2010.ne.a13
L. Sánchez-Hernández
Los baremos de trofeos de caza mayor establecen la puntuacion minima a partir de la cual los trofeos pueden ser medallables y catalogados; ademas determinan los intervalos de puntuacion de las tres categorias de medallas. Ambos aspectos pueden tener importantes repercusiones en la gestion de una especie cinegetica de gran valor economico como es la cabra montes. En una muestra historica de trofeos de macho montes homologados por la Junta Nacional de homologacion desde 1950 hasta 2008 (n= 3.600) se ha cuantificado el numero de trofeos y la proporcion de la tres categorias de medallas (que idealmente deberia de aproximarse a Oro 15-20%, Plata 30-40% y Bronce 50-60%). El 50,2% de los trofeos procede de Gredas (n= 1.806), el 31.7% de El Maestrazgo (n= 1.142) y el 16,4% de las sierras andaluzas (n= 591). En el caso de determinadas areas, con un reducido numero de trofeos homologados, ha resultado necesario complementar las muestras con las puntuaciones de trofeos procedentes de colecciones privadas y recechos. Se aplico un metodo para hallar las puntuaciones con las que obtener unos porcentajes de medallas proximos a los idoneos. Segun los ensayos realizados, en las muestras de Gredos y El Maestrazgo las puntuaciones minimas de las categorias Oro y Plata se incrementaron en torno a 5 puntos: Oro +230; PIata 220-229,99 (Bronce desde 205 puntos). En Andalucia, en las muestras de trofeos, en tres de las cuatro areas consideradas (Sierra Nevada, Almijara, Ronda y Cazorla), las puntuaciones disminuyeron a valores proximos al baremo antiguo (vigente hasta 1976): Oro +220,01; Plara 210,01-220; Bronce 195,01-210 puntos. Se indico un baremo especifico para el area de Ronda: Oro +215; Placa 205-214,99; Bronce 190-204,99. Seria recomendable ampliar la informacion con las puntuaciones de campo obtenidas anualmente en los recechos.
{"title":"Análisis histórico de la puntuación de los trofeos de cabra montés (Capra pyrenaica). Propuesta de nuevos baremos C.I.C.","authors":"L. Sánchez-Hernández","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2010.ne.a13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2010.ne.a13","url":null,"abstract":"Los baremos de trofeos de caza mayor establecen la puntuacion minima a partir de la cual los trofeos pueden ser medallables y catalogados; ademas determinan los intervalos de puntuacion de las tres categorias de medallas. Ambos aspectos pueden tener importantes repercusiones en la gestion de una especie cinegetica de gran valor economico como es la cabra montes. En una muestra historica de trofeos de macho montes homologados por la Junta Nacional de homologacion desde 1950 hasta 2008 (n= 3.600) se ha cuantificado el numero de trofeos y la proporcion de la tres categorias de medallas (que idealmente deberia de aproximarse a Oro 15-20%, Plata 30-40% y Bronce 50-60%). El 50,2% de los trofeos procede de Gredas (n= 1.806), el 31.7% de El Maestrazgo (n= 1.142) y el 16,4% de las sierras andaluzas (n= 591). En el caso de determinadas areas, con un reducido numero de trofeos homologados, ha resultado necesario complementar las muestras con las puntuaciones de trofeos procedentes de colecciones privadas y recechos. Se aplico un metodo para hallar las puntuaciones con las que obtener unos porcentajes de medallas proximos a los idoneos. Segun los ensayos realizados, en las muestras de Gredos y El Maestrazgo las puntuaciones minimas de las categorias Oro y Plata se incrementaron en torno a 5\u0000puntos: Oro +230; PIata 220-229,99 (Bronce desde 205 puntos). En Andalucia, en las muestras de trofeos, en tres de las cuatro areas consideradas (Sierra Nevada, Almijara, Ronda y Cazorla),\u0000las puntuaciones disminuyeron a valores proximos al baremo antiguo (vigente hasta 1976): Oro +220,01; Plara 210,01-220; Bronce 195,01-210 puntos. Se indico un baremo especifico para el area de Ronda: Oro +215; Placa 205-214,99; Bronce 190-204,99. Seria recomendable ampliar la informacion con las puntuaciones de campo obtenidas anualmente en los recechos.","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121258433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-31DOI: 10.7325/galemys.2010.2.n6
A. Acevedo-Rodriguez, F. M. Medina
{"title":"Sobre la presencia del muflón (Ovis orientalis Gmelin, 1774) en la isla de La Palma (Archipiélago Canario)","authors":"A. Acevedo-Rodriguez, F. M. Medina","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2010.2.n6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2010.2.n6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124873602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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