Resumen Las poblaciones de cabra montes (Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838) asentadas en los macizos montanosos de la peninsula Iberica han sido intensamente estudiadas, pero apenas existen datos de poblaciones fuera de estos nucleos ni de estudios que cuantifiquen la gestion cinegetica realizada. En el presente trabajo analizamos: 1) los cupos de capturas de la totalidad de los cotos granadinos y 2) los de gestion de casi un centenar de ellos dependientes de sociedades federadas de caza con presencia de la especie. Durante el periodo 2005-2016, encontramos un crecimiento significativo en el numero de ejemplares abatidos en los 415 cotos analizados (r s = 0,87; P < 0,001) que paso de 174 ejemplares en 2005 a 911 en 2016. En los cotos con control exhaustivo de capturas (n= 96), se completo el 76,5 % del cupo de machos autorizados, el 60,2 % del de las hembras y se cumplio con la obligatoriedad de abatir ejemplares hembra en un 89,5 %. La poblacion de cabra montes presento una tasa anual de crecimiento de un 9,2 % que fue mayor en los territorios de reciente colonizacion que en los tradicionalmente ocupados, aumentando de manera significativa desde los 1,5 individuos/km 2 en 2005 a los 5,0 individuos/km 2 en 2018 (r s =0,86; P =0,00006: N=80). La poblacion crecio de forma continuada hasta 2014, ano en el que comenzo un periodo de cierta estabilidad (media=5,2 ± 0,38 individuos/km 2 ; periodo 2014-2018) tras alcanzar los 900 ejemplares/temporada abatidos en la provincia. Pese a estos datos, la poblacion total de los cotos analizados supero los 25.000 ejemplares en 2018. Palabras clave: Andalucia, Capra pyrenaica, cotos de caza. Abstract The populations of Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838) settled in the mountain ranges of the Iberian Peninsula have been intensively studied, but there are scarce data of populations outside these areas or studies that quantify the hunting management. In the present study, we analyzed: 1) the hunting quotas of all hunting reserves of Granada province and 2) the management strategy of 96 out of them with presence of the species. During the 2005-2016 period, we found a significant increase in the number of hunted ibex in the 415 hunting reserves analyzed (r s = 0.87, P <0.001) that ranged from 174 individuals in 2005 to 911 in 2016. In hunting reserves with exhaustive hunting control (n = 96), we verified that 76.5% of the quota of authorized males and 60.2% of females were completed, and the obligation to hunt females was fulfilled in 89.5% on them. The annual growth rate of ibex population was 9.2%, which was higher in recent colonization territories than in the traditionally occupied territories, increasing significantly from 1.5 individuals/km 2 in 2005 to 5.0 individuals/km 2 in 2018 (r s = 0.86, P= 0.00006; N= 80). The population grew continuously until 2014, when a stability period began (average = 5.2 ± 0.38 individuals/km 2 ; period 2014-2018) after reach the 900 individuals/season hunted in the province. I
最后，我们提出了一种新的方法，在这种方法中，研究人员使用了一种新的方法，在这种方法中，研究人员使用了一种新的方法，在这种方法中，研究人员使用了一种新的方法，在这种方法中，研究人员使用了一种新的方法，在这种方法中，研究人员使用了一种新的方法，在这种方法中，研究人员使用了一种新的方法，在这种方法中，研究人员使用了一种新的方法。在这项工作中，我们分析了:1)格拉纳达所有保护区的捕捞配额，2)近100个保护区的管理依赖于联邦狩猎协会，该物种存在。在2005-2016年期间，我们发现415个分析区域的屠宰标本数量显著增加(r s = 0.87;P < 0.001)，从2005年的174例增加到2016年的911例。在严格控制渔获量的保护区(n= 96)，完成了授权雄性配额的76.5%，完成了授权雌性配额的60.2%，完成了强制捕杀雌性标本的89.5%。人口的大部分山羊山丘现在年均增长了920万最高是在被占领土最近colonizacion在传统上,大幅度增加150人/公里2 2005年以来2018 /公里2个人5.0 (r s = 0,86;P = 0.00006: N=80)。种群持续增长，直到2014年，这一年开始了一段稳定时期(平均= 5.2±0.38只/km 2;2014-2018年期间)，在该省达到900个标本/屠宰季节后。尽管有这些数据，2018年分析的保护区总数仍超过25000个标本。关键词:安达卢西亚，比利牛斯卡普拉，狩猎保护区。伊比利亚野山羊(Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838)的种群已经被广泛研究，但很少有数据来自这些地区以外的种群或研究，以确定狩猎管理的数量。在本研究中，我们分析了:1)格拉纳达省所有狩猎保护区的狩猎配额，2)96个有该物种存在的保护区的管理策略。在2005-2016年期间，我们发现在分析的415个狩猎保护区中，猎杀野山羊的数量显著增加(r s = 0.87, P <0.001)，从2005年的174只到2016年的911只。在实行全面狩猎控制的狩猎保护区(n = 96)中，我们证实76.5%的男性和60.2%的女性的授权配额已经完成，89.5%的女性的狩猎义务已经完成。野山羊人口年增长率为9.2%，最近殖民领土的增长率高于传统被占领土，从2005年的1.5人/平方公里显著增加到2018年的5.0人/平方公里(r s = 0.86, P= 0.00006;N = 80)。人口持续增长，直到2014年开始稳定期(平均= 5.2±0.38人/km 2;2014-2018年期间)，在该省达到900个个体/季节狩猎。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据，该县总面积为，其中土地和(1.2%)水。关键词:安达卢西亚，比利牛斯卡普拉，狩猎保护区。DOI: 10.7325 / Galemys.2019.A6
{"title":"Gestión cinegética de la cabra montés en la provincia de Granada: cupos de capturas y evolución poblacional","authors":"D. Ontiveros","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2019.a6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2019.a6","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen Las poblaciones de cabra montes (Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838) asentadas en los macizos montanosos de la peninsula Iberica han sido intensamente estudiadas, pero apenas existen datos de poblaciones fuera de estos nucleos ni de estudios que cuantifiquen la gestion cinegetica realizada. En el presente trabajo analizamos: 1) los cupos de capturas de la totalidad de los cotos granadinos y 2) los de gestion de casi un centenar de ellos dependientes de sociedades federadas de caza con presencia de la especie. Durante el periodo 2005-2016, encontramos un crecimiento significativo en el numero de ejemplares abatidos en los 415 cotos analizados (r s = 0,87; P < 0,001) que paso de 174 ejemplares en 2005 a 911 en 2016. En los cotos con control exhaustivo de capturas (n= 96), se completo el 76,5 % del cupo de machos autorizados, el 60,2 % del de las hembras y se cumplio con la obligatoriedad de abatir ejemplares hembra en un 89,5 %. La poblacion de cabra montes presento una tasa anual de crecimiento de un 9,2 % que fue mayor en los territorios de reciente colonizacion que en los tradicionalmente ocupados, aumentando de manera significativa desde los 1,5 individuos/km 2 en 2005 a los 5,0 individuos/km 2 en 2018 (r s =0,86; P =0,00006: N=80). La poblacion crecio de forma continuada hasta 2014, ano en el que comenzo un periodo de cierta estabilidad (media=5,2 ± 0,38 individuos/km 2 ; periodo 2014-2018) tras alcanzar los 900 ejemplares/temporada abatidos en la provincia. Pese a estos datos, la poblacion total de los cotos analizados supero los 25.000 ejemplares en 2018. Palabras clave: Andalucia, Capra pyrenaica, cotos de caza. Abstract The populations of Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838) settled in the mountain ranges of the Iberian Peninsula have been intensively studied, but there are scarce data of populations outside these areas or studies that quantify the hunting management. In the present study, we analyzed: 1) the hunting quotas of all hunting reserves of Granada province and 2) the management strategy of 96 out of them with presence of the species. During the 2005-2016 period, we found a significant increase in the number of hunted ibex in the 415 hunting reserves analyzed (r s = 0.87, P <0.001) that ranged from 174 individuals in 2005 to 911 in 2016. In hunting reserves with exhaustive hunting control (n = 96), we verified that 76.5% of the quota of authorized males and 60.2% of females were completed, and the obligation to hunt females was fulfilled in 89.5% on them. The annual growth rate of ibex population was 9.2%, which was higher in recent colonization territories than in the traditionally occupied territories, increasing significantly from 1.5 individuals/km 2 in 2005 to 5.0 individuals/km 2 in 2018 (r s = 0.86, P= 0.00006; N= 80). The population grew continuously until 2014, when a stability period began (average = 5.2 ± 0.38 individuals/km 2 ; period 2014-2018) after reach the 900 individuals/season hunted in the province. I","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132507834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Abrantes, P. Acevedo, J. Martínez-Guijosa, J. Serejo, M. Vieira-Pinto
espanolAlgunos paises europeos tienen grandes perdidas economicas relacionadas con la tuberculosis, por lo que se han desarrollado programas de erradicacion, como es el caso de Portugal, especialmente en el sureste de la region central del pais. Una de las causas mas probables del fracaso de la erradicacion es la existencia de un escenario bien definido de interfaz entre la vida silvestre y el ganado y en consecuencia, una transmision cruzada de Tuberculosis (TB). Comprender los factores de riesgo en campo asociados con la infeccion de TB en esta interfaz es fundamental para desarrollar estrategias efectivas para controlar la TB bovina en explotaciones ganaderas. En este estudio se aplico un protocolo de evaluacion de riesgo de TB a 8 explotaciones ganaderas extensivas. Se identificaron 153 factores de riesgo en el estudio: 94 fueron puntos de agua (61,4%), 40 puntos de alimentacion (26,2%), 12 puntos de almacenamiento de alimentos (7,8%) y 7 de otros factores (4,6%). Estos puntos se clasificaron principalmente como factores de alto riesgo en la interfaz fauna-ganado, una vez que permiten la agregacion, la transmision cruzada y revelan caracteristicas que permiten la supervivencia de las micobacterias. Nuestra experiencia sugiere que es necesario un plan de bioseguridad especifico para la explotacion ganadera de acuerdo con los factores de riesgo presentes en el campo. Se necesita la participacion de los agricultores, los cazadores y las autoridades sanitarias para ayudar a avanzar en esta lucha contra la diseminacion de la TB. EnglishSome European countries have great economic Tuberculosis-related losses, so disease eradication programs have been developed, which is the case of Portugal, especially on the southeast of central region. One of the most probable cause of the eradication fail is the existence of one well-defined wildlife-cattle interface scenario and consequently a Tuberculosis (TB) cross-transmission. Understanding the field risk factors associated with TB infection in this interface is fundamental to develop effective strategies to control the bovine TB in farms. In this study, a TB risk assessment protocol was applied to 8 extensive cattle farms. 153 risk factors were identified in the study: 94 were watering points (61.4%), 40 feeding points (26.2%), 12 food storage points (7.8%) and 7 of other factors (4.6%). These points were mostly classified as high-risk factors in wildlife-cattle interface, once they enable the aggregation, cross-transmission and reveal characteristics that permit the survival of mycobacteria. Our experience suggests that it is necessary a specific design farm biosecurity plan according to the risk factors present in the field. It is needed the involvement of farmers, hunters and health authorities to assist to some progress in this fight against TB dissemination.
一些欧洲国家因结核病造成了巨大的经济损失，因此制定了根除计划，如葡萄牙，特别是在该国中部地区的东南部。在过去的20年里，野生动物和牲畜之间存在着一种明确的界面情景，因此结核病(TB)的交叉传播是根除失败的最可能原因之一。在这一界面中，了解与结核病感染相关的现场危险因素对于制定有效的牲畜结核病控制战略至关重要。本研究的目的是评估结核病风险评估方案对8个大农场的影响。研究中确定了153个危险因素:94个是水点(61.4%)，40个是喂食点(26.2%)，12个是食物储存点(7.8%)，7个是其他因素(4.6%)。这些点主要被归类为动物-牲畜界面的高风险因素，因为它们允许聚集、交叉传播，并揭示了允许分枝杆菌生存的特征。我们的经验表明，根据田间存在的风险因素，有必要为畜牧业制定具体的生物安全计划。农民、猎人和卫生当局需要参与，以帮助在抗击结核病传播方面取得进展。一些欧洲国家在经济上遭受了与结核病有关的重大损失，因此制定了根除结核病的方案，葡萄牙的情况就是如此，特别是在中部地区的东南部。根除失败的最可能原因之一是存在一个明确定义的野生动物-牛界面，从而导致结核病的交叉传播。了解这一界面中与结核病感染相关的现场风险因素对于制定有效的农场控制牛结核病战略至关重要。在本研究中，结核病风险评估方案已应用于8个大型养牛场。研究中确定了153个风险因素:94个饮水点(61.4%)、40个喂食点(26.2%)、12个食品储存点(7.8%)和7个其他因素(4.6%)。这些points的classified as摘要factors in wildlife-cattle interface, once they enable the aggregation, cross-transmission mycobacteria弄清分离器that permit the survival》。我们的经验表明，需要根据现场存在的风险因素制定具体设计的农场生物安全计划。需要农民、猎人和卫生当局的参与，以协助在防治结核病传播方面取得一些进展。
{"title":"Identification and evaluation of risk factors associated to Mycobacterium bovis transmission in southeast hunting areas of central Portugal","authors":"A. Abrantes, P. Acevedo, J. Martínez-Guijosa, J. Serejo, M. Vieira-Pinto","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2019.a7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2019.a7","url":null,"abstract":"espanolAlgunos paises europeos tienen grandes perdidas economicas relacionadas con la tuberculosis, por lo que se han desarrollado programas de erradicacion, como es el caso de Portugal, especialmente en el sureste de la region central del pais. Una de las causas mas probables del fracaso de la erradicacion es la existencia de un escenario bien definido de interfaz entre la vida silvestre y el ganado y en consecuencia, una transmision cruzada de Tuberculosis (TB). Comprender los factores de riesgo en campo asociados con la infeccion de TB en esta interfaz es fundamental para desarrollar estrategias efectivas para controlar la TB bovina en explotaciones ganaderas. En este estudio se aplico un protocolo de evaluacion de riesgo de TB a 8 explotaciones ganaderas extensivas. Se identificaron 153 factores de riesgo en el estudio: 94 fueron puntos de agua (61,4%), 40 puntos de alimentacion (26,2%), 12 puntos de almacenamiento de alimentos (7,8%) y 7 de otros factores (4,6%). Estos puntos se clasificaron principalmente como factores de alto riesgo en la interfaz fauna-ganado, una vez que permiten la agregacion, la transmision cruzada y revelan caracteristicas que permiten la supervivencia de las micobacterias. Nuestra experiencia sugiere que es necesario un plan de bioseguridad especifico para la explotacion ganadera de acuerdo con los factores de riesgo presentes en el campo. Se necesita la participacion de los agricultores, los cazadores y las autoridades sanitarias para ayudar a avanzar en esta lucha contra la diseminacion de la TB. EnglishSome European countries have great economic Tuberculosis-related losses, so disease eradication programs have been developed, which is the case of Portugal, especially on the southeast of central region. One of the most probable cause of the eradication fail is the existence of one well-defined wildlife-cattle interface scenario and consequently a Tuberculosis (TB) cross-transmission. Understanding the field risk factors associated with TB infection in this interface is fundamental to develop effective strategies to control the bovine TB in farms. In this study, a TB risk assessment protocol was applied to 8 extensive cattle farms. 153 risk factors were identified in the study: 94 were watering points (61.4%), 40 feeding points (26.2%), 12 food storage points (7.8%) and 7 of other factors (4.6%). These points were mostly classified as high-risk factors in wildlife-cattle interface, once they enable the aggregation, cross-transmission and reveal characteristics that permit the survival of mycobacteria. Our experience suggests that it is necessary a specific design farm biosecurity plan according to the risk factors present in the field. It is needed the involvement of farmers, hunters and health authorities to assist to some progress in this fight against TB dissemination.","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132312845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resumen Los caballos salvajes de Galicia representan un elemento central de los paisajes abiertos de las sierras gallegas, donde se relacionan con la conservacion de diferentes habitats como las turberas y los brezales humedos atlanticos. En el marco del proyecto LIFE “Life in Common Land” (LIFE16 NAT/ES/000707), cuyo objetivo es la conservacion de los habitats prioritarios del espacio Red Natura “Serra do Xistral”, realizamos entrevistas semiestructuradas a las personas que realizan el aprovechamiento de los caballos salvajes para conocer su dimension social, forma de manejo, amenazas a su continuidad, y su potencial para el mantenimiento de los habitats. Los resultados indican una progresiva reduccion de la poblacion de caballos en las ultimas decadas, y del numero de personas que los aprovechan. Como principales servicios ecosistemicos se identifica su accion modelizadora de la vegetacion y la disminucion de los danos del lobo al ganado vacuno. Las amenazas principales percibidas por los propietarios son los danos por ataque de lobo y la aplicacion lesiva de las ayudas de la Politica Agraria Comunitaria (PAC). En el manejo tradicional los animales estan libres en el monte permanentemente, pero se observa una tendencia hacia otras formas de manejo. Los resultados muestran la potencialidad de estos animales como herramienta de gestion para la conservacion, la accion facilitadora de la explotacion de vacuno, y el fuerte arraigo cultural de esta actividad en la poblacion local. Palabras clave: brezales humedos atlanticos, herbivoria, Serra do Xistral, servicios ecosistemicos, turberas. Abstract Galician wild ponies represent a key element in the open landscapes of the Galician mountain ranges. Among other effects, they aid in the maintenance and preservation of different habitats such as bogs and wet heaths. As part of the LIFE project “Life in Common Land” (LIFE16 NAT/ES/000707), aimed at the conservation of priority habitats in Natura 2000 Site “Serra do Xistral”, we performed semi-structured interviews to ponies’ managers and owners to improve our knowledge of the social dimension, management practices, main threats and their potentiality as a tool for habitat conservation. Results show a decline in the number of ponies and pony owners during the last decades. The ponies’ capacity to shape the vegetation structure, and their effect to reduce wolf attacks to cattle were identified as the main ecosystem services. The main threats perceived by owners are the high frequencies of wolf attacks and a detrimental application of CAP subsidies. Ponies are free roaming all-year round in the traditional system, but new management forms are arising. Our results show their potential as a tool for conservation, their positive effect on pastures for cattle grazing, and the strong cultural engagement of the local community with their ponies. Keywords: Atlantic wet heathlands, conservation grazing, Serra do Xistral, ecosystem services, bogs. DOI: 10.7325/Galemys
最后，我们提出了一种新的方法，通过这种方法，我们分析了在不同的国家，在不同的国家，在不同的国家，在不同的国家，在不同的国家，在不同的国家，在不同的国家，在不同的国家，在不同的国家，在不同的国家，在不同的国家项目下LIFE in Common Land”(LIFE16 NAT / / 000707),其目的是基姆网络空间优先、自然、开展面试、“Serra do Xistral人们利用社会维度的野马、管理方式、威胁的连续性,维持生境的潜力。研究结果表明，在过去几十年里，马的数量和利用马的人的数量都在逐渐减少。本研究的目的是评估狼对牛的影响，并确定狼对牛的影响。业主认为的主要威胁是狼袭击造成的损害和社区农业政策(cap)援助的破坏性应用。在传统的管理中，动物是永久自由的，但有一种趋势是其他形式的管理。研究结果表明，这些动物作为保护管理工具的潜力，促进了牛的开发，以及这种活动在当地人口中的强烈文化根系。关键词:大西洋湿石南，草食动物，塞拉多西北风，生态系统服务，泥炭地。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的总面积是，其中土地和(3.064平方公里)水。在其他影响中，它们有助于维持和保护不同的栖息地，如沼泽和潮湿的热。As part of the LIFE project in Common Land”(LIFE16 NAT /是/ 000707)、旨在at the conservation of priority habitats Natura 2000 - Site”Serra do Xistral“,we方面semi-structured交谈ponies“managers and所有者改善our knowledge of the社会维度、管理做法、主要生境的威胁及其potentiality As a tool for conservation。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据，该县总面积为，其中土地和(1.2%)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的总面积是，其中，土地和(1.641平方公里)水。业主认为的主要威胁是狼攻击的频繁发生和有害地使用限额补贴。Ponies are free漫游费all-year一轮管理传统system, but in the new forms are产生的。我们的研究结果显示了它们作为保护工具的潜力，它们对放牧牛的牧场的积极影响，以及当地社区对其小马的强烈文化参与。关键词:大西洋湿地，湿地保护，Serra do Xistral，生态系统服务，沼泽。DOI: 10.7325 / Galemys.2019.A4
{"title":"Manejo, problemática y oportunidades de los caballos salvajes de Galicia como herramienta de conservación de hábitats prioritarios en la Red Natura 2000","authors":"L. Lagos, C. V. Muñoz-Barcia, Jaime Fagúndez","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2019.a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2019.a4","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen Los caballos salvajes de Galicia representan un elemento central de los paisajes abiertos de las sierras gallegas, donde se relacionan con la conservacion de diferentes habitats como las turberas y los brezales humedos atlanticos. En el marco del proyecto LIFE “Life in Common Land” (LIFE16 NAT/ES/000707), cuyo objetivo es la conservacion de los habitats prioritarios del espacio Red Natura “Serra do Xistral”, realizamos entrevistas semiestructuradas a las personas que realizan el aprovechamiento de los caballos salvajes para conocer su dimension social, forma de manejo, amenazas a su continuidad, y su potencial para el mantenimiento de los habitats. Los resultados indican una progresiva reduccion de la poblacion de caballos en las ultimas decadas, y del numero de personas que los aprovechan. Como principales servicios ecosistemicos se identifica su accion modelizadora de la vegetacion y la disminucion de los danos del lobo al ganado vacuno. Las amenazas principales percibidas por los propietarios son los danos por ataque de lobo y la aplicacion lesiva de las ayudas de la Politica Agraria Comunitaria (PAC). En el manejo tradicional los animales estan libres en el monte permanentemente, pero se observa una tendencia hacia otras formas de manejo. Los resultados muestran la potencialidad de estos animales como herramienta de gestion para la conservacion, la accion facilitadora de la explotacion de vacuno, y el fuerte arraigo cultural de esta actividad en la poblacion local. Palabras clave: brezales humedos atlanticos, herbivoria, Serra do Xistral, servicios ecosistemicos, turberas. Abstract Galician wild ponies represent a key element in the open landscapes of the Galician mountain ranges. Among other effects, they aid in the maintenance and preservation of different habitats such as bogs and wet heaths. As part of the LIFE project “Life in Common Land” (LIFE16 NAT/ES/000707), aimed at the conservation of priority habitats in Natura 2000 Site “Serra do Xistral”, we performed semi-structured interviews to ponies’ managers and owners to improve our knowledge of the social dimension, management practices, main threats and their potentiality as a tool for habitat conservation. Results show a decline in the number of ponies and pony owners during the last decades. The ponies’ capacity to shape the vegetation structure, and their effect to reduce wolf attacks to cattle were identified as the main ecosystem services. The main threats perceived by owners are the high frequencies of wolf attacks and a detrimental application of CAP subsidies. Ponies are free roaming all-year round in the traditional system, but new management forms are arising. Our results show their potential as a tool for conservation, their positive effect on pastures for cattle grazing, and the strong cultural engagement of the local community with their ponies. Keywords: Atlantic wet heathlands, conservation grazing, Serra do Xistral, ecosystem services, bogs. DOI: 10.7325/Galemys","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130123323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Báez, J. Camiñas, J. M. Serna-Quintero, S. García-Barcelona, J. J. Bellido, D. Macías
espanolEl Mar Mediterraneo occidental conecta, a traves del Estrecho de Gibraltar, el Oceano Atlantico con el resto del Mediterraneo, siendo un area importante para los cetaceos. Ademas, en el Mediterraneo occidental existen importantes areas de alimentacion como el Santuario de Pelagos y el giro Sur de Baleares. El objetivo principal del presente estudio es evaluar la idoneidad de la delimitacion de las diferentes IMMAs (Areas Importantes para Mamiferos Marinos) descritas en el Mediterraneo occidental, para la conservacion de los cetaceos que habitan en el area de estudio, a traves del analisis de avistamientos oportunistas. Se recogieron 398 avistamientos oportunistas (OS) dentro de algunas IMMAs (46,44%), frente a 459 (53,56%) avistamientos fuera de las IMMAs. Usando un analisis de superficie de tendencia espacial se seleccionaron los OS mas probables (GPOS desde ahora) que aparecen dentro de una IMMA en funcion a su posicion geografica. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la frecuencia de GPOS y las esperadas ponderada para la superficie de cada area IMMA. Concretamente el IMMA del Mar de Alboran mostro un numero mayor de GPOS de lo esperado, en comparacion con el IMMA del Mar Mediterraneo, Pendiente y Canon del noroeste mediterraneo que mostro un numero menor de GPOS de lo esperado. EnglishThe Western Mediterranean Sea connects the Atlantic Ocean with the rest of the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Gibraltar. The Western Mediterranean Sea is important area for cetaceans and it contains highly productive feeding areas, such as the Pelagos Sanctuary and the South Balearic eddy. The main aim of this study was to assess the suitability of a group of Important Marine Mammal Areas (IMMAs) for the conservation of cetaceans inhabiting this area. There were 398 (46.44%) opportunistic sightings (OS) within a number of IMMAs and 459 (53.56%) sightings outside of IMMAs in this area. Trend surface analysis was used to select the OSs (GPOSs hereafter) most likely to be observed within IMMAs as a function of their geographical position. Significant differences were found between the observed GPOS rate and the expected GPOS rate weighted by the surface area of each IMMA. Specifically, there were more sightings than expected in the Alboran Sea IMMA than in the North West Mediterranean Sea, Slope, and Canyon System IMMA. In the latter area, there were fewer sightings than expected.
{"title":"Using opportunistic sightings to assess the suitability of Important Marine Mammal Areas (IMMAs) for cetacean conservation in the Western Mediterranean Sea","authors":"J. Báez, J. Camiñas, J. M. Serna-Quintero, S. García-Barcelona, J. J. Bellido, D. Macías","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2019.a9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2019.a9","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl Mar Mediterraneo occidental conecta, a traves del Estrecho de Gibraltar, el Oceano Atlantico con el resto del Mediterraneo, siendo un area importante para los cetaceos. Ademas, en el Mediterraneo occidental existen importantes areas de alimentacion como el Santuario de Pelagos y el giro Sur de Baleares. El objetivo principal del presente estudio es evaluar la idoneidad de la delimitacion de las diferentes IMMAs (Areas Importantes para Mamiferos Marinos) descritas en el Mediterraneo occidental, para la conservacion de los cetaceos que habitan en el area de estudio, a traves del analisis de avistamientos oportunistas. Se recogieron 398 avistamientos oportunistas (OS) dentro de algunas IMMAs (46,44%), frente a 459 (53,56%) avistamientos fuera de las IMMAs. Usando un analisis de superficie de tendencia espacial se seleccionaron los OS mas probables (GPOS desde ahora) que aparecen dentro de una IMMA en funcion a su posicion geografica. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la frecuencia de GPOS y las esperadas ponderada para la superficie de cada area IMMA. Concretamente el IMMA del Mar de Alboran mostro un numero mayor de GPOS de lo esperado, en comparacion con el IMMA del Mar Mediterraneo, Pendiente y Canon del noroeste mediterraneo que mostro un numero menor de GPOS de lo esperado. EnglishThe Western Mediterranean Sea connects the Atlantic Ocean with the rest of the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Gibraltar. The Western Mediterranean Sea is important area for cetaceans and it contains highly productive feeding areas, such as the Pelagos Sanctuary and the South Balearic eddy. The main aim of this study was to assess the suitability of a group of Important Marine Mammal Areas (IMMAs) for the conservation of cetaceans inhabiting this area. There were 398 (46.44%) opportunistic sightings (OS) within a number of IMMAs and 459 (53.56%) sightings outside of IMMAs in this area. Trend surface analysis was used to select the OSs (GPOSs hereafter) most likely to be observed within IMMAs as a function of their geographical position. Significant differences were found between the observed GPOS rate and the expected GPOS rate weighted by the surface area of each IMMA. Specifically, there were more sightings than expected in the Alboran Sea IMMA than in the North West Mediterranean Sea, Slope, and Canyon System IMMA. In the latter area, there were fewer sightings than expected.","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131456474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Díaz‐Ruiz, Jesús Caro, P. Ferreras, M. Delibes‐Mateos
espanolEl estudio del conocimiento de la gente mediante cuestionarios puede proporcionar una buena idea de la composicion de las comunidades de mamiferos. Sin embargo, existen sesgos y errores potenciales en estos estudios, como los asociados a la familiaridad de los encuestados con la fauna. Nuestros objetivos principales fueron: 1) evaluar la composicion de la comunidad de mamiferos de la Reserva Biologica de Huinay, un area remota de bosque Valdiviano en el sur de Chile, y 2) analizar la relacion entre el grado de contacto de los encuestados con los mamiferos nativos y su conocimiento sobre la comunidad de mamiferos. Designamos un cuestionario para obtener informacion sobre el numero de especies de mamiferos registradas por la gente que vivio en, o visito, el area entre 2010 y 2013. Los 43 participantes en este trabajo registraron un total de 13 especies de mamiferos. Todas las especies que habitan en la zona segun los atlas generales de distribucion fueron citadas por los participantes. Tanto el numero de especies citadas como las observadas estuvieron correlacionadas positivamente con el tiempo que los participantes habian permanecido en el area. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los estudios basados en cuestionarios pueden proporcionar una buena vision general de la composicion de las comunidades de mamiferos de areas remotas del sur de Chile, pero tambien indican el reto que supone seleccionar participantes bien informados en estas areas. EnglishThe study of people’s knowledge through interviews and questionnaires can provide a good picture of the composition of mammal communities. However, there is considerable potential for error and bias in these surveys, including some associated with the familiarity of respondents with wildlife. Our main goals were: 1) to assess mammal community composition of the Huinay Biological Reserve, a remote Valdivian rainforest area in southern Chile, and 2) to evaluate the relationship between the degree of respondents’ contact with native mammals and their knowledge about the mammal community. A questionnaire was designed to gather data about the mammal species recorded by people who lived in, or had visited, the area between 2010 and 2013. A total of 13 mammal species were mentioned by 43 participants in the survey. Overall, all the mammal species that inhabit the study area according to general mammal distribution maps were identified in our survey. Both the total number of species mentioned (observed or not) and the number of species seen by the respondents were positively associated with the time they stayed in the area. Our findings suggest that questionnaire surveys may provide useful information about the composition of mammal communities in remote areas of southern Chile, but selecting knowledgeable respondents is challenging.
{"title":"Assessing mammal community composition in the Huinay Biological Reserve (Chile) through questionnaire surveys: biases associated with respondents","authors":"F. Díaz‐Ruiz, Jesús Caro, P. Ferreras, M. Delibes‐Mateos","doi":"10.7325/GALEMYS.2019.A1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/GALEMYS.2019.A1","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl estudio del conocimiento de la gente mediante cuestionarios puede proporcionar una buena idea de la composicion de las comunidades de mamiferos. Sin embargo, existen sesgos y errores potenciales en estos estudios, como los asociados a la familiaridad de los encuestados con la fauna. Nuestros objetivos principales fueron: 1) evaluar la composicion de la comunidad de mamiferos de la Reserva Biologica de Huinay, un area remota de bosque Valdiviano en el sur de Chile, y 2) analizar la relacion entre el grado de contacto de los encuestados con los mamiferos nativos y su conocimiento sobre la comunidad de mamiferos. Designamos un cuestionario para obtener informacion sobre el numero de especies de mamiferos registradas por la gente que vivio en, o visito, el area entre 2010 y 2013. Los 43 participantes en este trabajo registraron un total de 13 especies de mamiferos. Todas las especies que habitan en la zona segun los atlas generales de distribucion fueron citadas por los participantes. Tanto el numero de especies citadas como las observadas estuvieron correlacionadas positivamente con el tiempo que los participantes habian permanecido en el area. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los estudios basados en cuestionarios pueden proporcionar una buena vision general de la composicion de las comunidades de mamiferos de areas remotas del sur de Chile, pero tambien indican el reto que supone seleccionar participantes bien informados en estas areas. EnglishThe study of people’s knowledge through interviews and questionnaires can provide a good picture of the composition of mammal communities. However, there is considerable potential for error and bias in these surveys, including some associated with the familiarity of respondents with wildlife. Our main goals were: 1) to assess mammal community composition of the Huinay Biological Reserve, a remote Valdivian rainforest area in southern Chile, and 2) to evaluate the relationship between the degree of respondents’ contact with native mammals and their knowledge about the mammal community. A questionnaire was designed to gather data about the mammal species recorded by people who lived in, or had visited, the area between 2010 and 2013. A total of 13 mammal species were mentioned by 43 participants in the survey. Overall, all the mammal species that inhabit the study area according to general mammal distribution maps were identified in our survey. Both the total number of species mentioned (observed or not) and the number of species seen by the respondents were positively associated with the time they stayed in the area. Our findings suggest that questionnaire surveys may provide useful information about the composition of mammal communities in remote areas of southern Chile, but selecting knowledgeable respondents is challenging.","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"57 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115410524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
espanolHay evidencias crecientes de que en Espana habitaron hasta hace relativamente poco dos especies de linces, el iberico (Lynx pardinus) en ambientes mediterraneos y el boreal (Lynx lynx) en los atlanticos y alpinos. La presencia del lince boreal en epocas recientes se deduce fundamentalmente de relatos y noticias sobre fieras denominadas “lobos cervales”, “tigres”, bestias peligrosas para el ganado, condicion esta no asociada a los linces ibericos. En este trabajo se recopilan nuevas noticias sobre presencia de linces en el cuadrante noreste de la peninsula Iberica que desdibujan los limites geograficos entre ambas especies. El contacto entre el lince iberico y boreal podria justificar los indicios de hibridacion detectados entre ambas especies. EnglishThere is growing evidence that two Lynx species were present in Spain until recent times: the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) in Mediterranean areas and the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in the Atlantic and Alpine ones. The recent presence of the Eurasian lynx is mainly deduced from stories and news about fierce animals known as “lobos cervales” or “tigres”, these being dangerous beasts for livestock, a condition that is difficult to associate with the Iberian lynx. In this work, we provide new records of lynx in NE Iberian Peninsula that blur the geographic boundaries between both species. The contact between the Iberian and Eurasian lynxes could explain the signs of hybridization detected between them.
越来越多的证据表明，直到最近，西班牙还居住着两种猞猁，一种是地中海环境中的伊比利亚猞猁(Lynx pardinus)，另一种是大西洋和高山环境中的北方猞猁(Lynx Lynx)。近年来，北方猞猁的存在主要是从被称为“狼cervales”、“老虎”的动物的故事和新闻中推断出来的，这些动物对牲畜来说是危险的，这种情况与伊比利亚猞猁无关。本研究的目的是分析伊比利亚半岛东北象区猞猁的分布情况，以确定猞猁在伊比利亚半岛东北象区的分布情况。伊比利亚猞猁和北方猞猁之间的接触可能证明两个物种之间的杂交迹象是合理的。有越来越多的证据表明，直到最近，西班牙还存在两种猞猁:地中海地区的伊比利亚猞猁(Lynx pardinus)和大西洋和阿尔卑斯地区的欧亚猞猁(Lynx Lynx)。近期在场of The Eurasian观察is mainly deduced from故事和news about防止动物”狼cervales”or“老虎”,这些牲畜being危险beasts, condition that is很难to准with The Iberian观察。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该地区的总面积为，其中土地和(2.641平方公里)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为，其中土地面积为。
{"title":"New old news on the “Lobo cerval” (Lynx lynx?) in NE Spain.","authors":"J. Jimenez, M. Clavero, A. Reig-Ferrer","doi":"10.7325/GALEMYS.2018.A3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/GALEMYS.2018.A3","url":null,"abstract":"espanolHay evidencias crecientes de que en Espana habitaron hasta hace relativamente poco dos especies de linces, el iberico (Lynx pardinus) en ambientes mediterraneos y el boreal (Lynx lynx) en los atlanticos y alpinos. La presencia del lince boreal en epocas recientes se deduce fundamentalmente de relatos y noticias sobre fieras denominadas “lobos cervales”, “tigres”, bestias peligrosas para el ganado, condicion esta no asociada a los linces ibericos. En este trabajo se recopilan nuevas noticias sobre presencia de linces en el cuadrante noreste de la peninsula Iberica que desdibujan los limites geograficos entre ambas especies. El contacto entre el lince iberico y boreal podria justificar los indicios de hibridacion detectados entre ambas especies. EnglishThere is growing evidence that two Lynx species were present in Spain until recent times: the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) in Mediterranean areas and the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in the Atlantic and Alpine ones. The recent presence of the Eurasian lynx is mainly deduced from stories and news about fierce animals known as “lobos cervales” or “tigres”, these being dangerous beasts for livestock, a condition that is difficult to associate with the Iberian lynx. In this work, we provide new records of lynx in NE Iberian Peninsula that blur the geographic boundaries between both species. The contact between the Iberian and Eurasian lynxes could explain the signs of hybridization detected between them.","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"219 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127323484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. L. Peña-Mondragón, E. Peña-Cuéllar, F. Hinojosa, Amadeo Sánchez
71 Albinism is defined as the complete loss of pigment in the entire body (Silva-Caballero et al. 2014). It is recognized by the abnormal color of the skin, fur, feathers, scales and eyes (McCardle 2012). Although variations exist, true albinism is considered the complete absence of tegumentary and retina pigmentation (Sandoval-Castillo et al. 2006). Partial albinism is shown when the pigment is reduced and absent in skin, feathers and eyes (Berdeen & Lotis 2011); for example, leucism is a partial albinism created by one gene (Allen & Neill 1955, Lotze & Anderson 1979, Long & Hogan 1988, McCardle 2012), unlike albinism that is triggered by the action of various genes. Albinism is usually attributed to environmental factors like low habitat quality and diet (Bensch et al. 2000) and has been documented in an extensive variety of species including the major classes: amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. In the group of terrestrial mammals, complete albinism has been reported in coyote (Canidae, Canis latrans), skunk (Mephitidae, Mephitis mephitis), ferret (Mustelidae, Mustela putorios furo), raccoon (Procyonidae, Procyon lotor), bear (Ursidade, Ursus americanus), opossum (Didelphidae, Didelphis virginiana), cottontail rabbit (Leporidae, Sylvilagus floridanus) rhesus macaque (Cercopithecidae, Macaca mulatta), elephants (Elephantidae, Elephas sp.) and some rodents (McCardle 2012). In México, the Family Procyonidae is represented by seven species of four genera (Bassariscus astutus, B. sumichrasti, Nasua nasua, Procyon lotor, P. pygmaeus, P. insularis and Potos flavus) (Ceballos & Oliva 2005), and variations in color have been reported at the global level (Jones 1923, Stuewer 1943, Allen & Neill 1955, McCardle 2012). Nevertheless, in spite of being a family with distribution throughout the entire country, little information exists regarding the color variations. In addition, the reported data correspond to the individuals of the white-nosed coati that exhibited leucism in the southeast of México (Silva-Caballero et al. 2014). The raccoon (P. lotor) is a common species in the country, is of medium size and sturdy body, with long fur and coloring that varies from grayish to blackish with yellowish or brownish tones on the dorsal part. The abdomen varies from a brownish-yellow color to grayish, and the face has a mask that extends to the nose (Lotze & Anderson 1979, ValenzuelaGalván 2005). It is of twilight habits, and plant material constitutes from 48% to 70% of its diet, complemented by invertebrates and, in a smaller proportion, some vertebrates such as fish, frogs or tortoises (Valenzuela-Galván 2005). In 2016, we performed systematic monitoring in forests under the forestry management of the state of Michoacán: a total of 59 camera traps were installed (Moultri M880) for 155 days. In one of the cameras (Lat: 19.530389°, Long: -101.750222° WGS 84) that was active from September 28 to November 5, a female raccoon was captured with four kits, one of
71白化病被定义为全身色素的完全丧失(Silva-Caballero et al. 2014)。它可以通过皮肤、皮毛、羽毛、鳞片和眼睛的异常颜色来识别(McCardle 2012)。虽然存在变异，但真正的白化病被认为是完全没有被膜和视网膜色素沉着(Sandoval-Castillo et al. 2006)。部分白化病表现为皮肤、羽毛和眼睛中的色素减少或缺失(Berdeen & Lotis 2011);例如，白化病是由一个基因引起的部分白化病(Allen & Neill 1955, Lotze & Anderson 1979, Long & Hogan 1988, McCardle 2012)，而白化病则是由多种基因的作用引发的。白化病通常归因于低生境质量和饮食等环境因素(Bensch et al. 2000)，并已在包括两栖动物、爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物等主要类别的各种物种中得到记录。在陆生哺乳动物类群中，有报道的完全白化发生在土狼(犬科)、臭鼬(鼬科)、雪貂(鼬科)、浣熊(浣熊科)、熊(熊科、美洲熊科)、负鼠(狐狸科、狐狸科)、棉尾兔(狐狸科、狐狸科)、恒河猴(狐猴科、猕猴科)、大象(象科、象科)和部分啮齿动物(McCardle 2012)。在萨摩亚，原yonidae科由4属7种代表(Bassariscus astutus、B. sumichrasti、Nasua Nasua、Procyon lotor、P. pygmaeus、P. insularis和Potos flavus) (Ceballos & Oliva 2005)，并且在全球范围内报告了颜色的变化(Jones 1923, Stuewer 1943, Allen & Neill 1955, McCardle 2012)。然而，尽管这是一个分布在全国各地的家庭，关于颜色变化的信息却很少。此外，报告的数据与msamuxico东南部表现出白鳍豚的个体相对应(Silva-Caballero et al. 2014)。浣熊(P. lotor)是该国常见的物种，中等大小，身体结实，皮毛长，颜色从灰色到黑色不等，背部呈黄色或棕色。腹部的颜色从棕黄色到浅灰色不等，面部有一个延伸到鼻子的面具(Lotze & Anderson 1979, ValenzuelaGalván 2005)。它的饮食中植物占48%到70%，以无脊椎动物为补充，还有较小比例的脊椎动物，如鱼、青蛙或乌龟(Valenzuela-Galván 2005)。2016年，我们对Michoacán州林业管理下的森林进行了系统监测:共安装了59个相机陷阱(Moultri M880)，持续155天。其中一台摄像机(Lat: 19.530389°，Long: -101.750222°WGS 84)于9月28日至11月5日活跃，捕捉到一只母浣熊和四只幼崽，其中一只幼崽表现为完全白化，完全缺乏色素(图1)。该组被记录了6天(10月12日、15日、16日、19日、21日和11月5日);在最后一次录音中，白化试剂盒没有出现在照片中。该地点是第一个确认的白化浣熊的记录
{"title":"First confirmed record of an albino raccoon Procyon lotor for México","authors":"J. L. Peña-Mondragón, E. Peña-Cuéllar, F. Hinojosa, Amadeo Sánchez","doi":"10.7325/GALEMYS.2018.N4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/GALEMYS.2018.N4","url":null,"abstract":"71 Albinism is defined as the complete loss of pigment in the entire body (Silva-Caballero et al. 2014). It is recognized by the abnormal color of the skin, fur, feathers, scales and eyes (McCardle 2012). Although variations exist, true albinism is considered the complete absence of tegumentary and retina pigmentation (Sandoval-Castillo et al. 2006). Partial albinism is shown when the pigment is reduced and absent in skin, feathers and eyes (Berdeen & Lotis 2011); for example, leucism is a partial albinism created by one gene (Allen & Neill 1955, Lotze & Anderson 1979, Long & Hogan 1988, McCardle 2012), unlike albinism that is triggered by the action of various genes. Albinism is usually attributed to environmental factors like low habitat quality and diet (Bensch et al. 2000) and has been documented in an extensive variety of species including the major classes: amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. In the group of terrestrial mammals, complete albinism has been reported in coyote (Canidae, Canis latrans), skunk (Mephitidae, Mephitis mephitis), ferret (Mustelidae, Mustela putorios furo), raccoon (Procyonidae, Procyon lotor), bear (Ursidade, Ursus americanus), opossum (Didelphidae, Didelphis virginiana), cottontail rabbit (Leporidae, Sylvilagus floridanus) rhesus macaque (Cercopithecidae, Macaca mulatta), elephants (Elephantidae, Elephas sp.) and some rodents (McCardle 2012). In México, the Family Procyonidae is represented by seven species of four genera (Bassariscus astutus, B. sumichrasti, Nasua nasua, Procyon lotor, P. pygmaeus, P. insularis and Potos flavus) (Ceballos & Oliva 2005), and variations in color have been reported at the global level (Jones 1923, Stuewer 1943, Allen & Neill 1955, McCardle 2012). Nevertheless, in spite of being a family with distribution throughout the entire country, little information exists regarding the color variations. In addition, the reported data correspond to the individuals of the white-nosed coati that exhibited leucism in the southeast of México (Silva-Caballero et al. 2014). The raccoon (P. lotor) is a common species in the country, is of medium size and sturdy body, with long fur and coloring that varies from grayish to blackish with yellowish or brownish tones on the dorsal part. The abdomen varies from a brownish-yellow color to grayish, and the face has a mask that extends to the nose (Lotze & Anderson 1979, ValenzuelaGalván 2005). It is of twilight habits, and plant material constitutes from 48% to 70% of its diet, complemented by invertebrates and, in a smaller proportion, some vertebrates such as fish, frogs or tortoises (Valenzuela-Galván 2005). In 2016, we performed systematic monitoring in forests under the forestry management of the state of Michoacán: a total of 59 camera traps were installed (Moultri M880) for 155 days. In one of the cameras (Lat: 19.530389°, Long: -101.750222° WGS 84) that was active from September 28 to November 5, a female raccoon was captured with four kits, one of","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124988493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
espanolLa comunidad de micromamiferos (ordenes Rodentia y Eulipotyphla) fue evaluada en una sola localidad cercana a la costa catalana, en relacion con los cambios antropicos en el uso del suelo. La baja detectabilidad de algunas especies nos condujo a evaluar el conjunto de micromamiferos analizando egagropilas de lechuza comun (Tyto alba) extraidas del mismo punto de anidacion durante un periodo de treinta anos. Los objetivos fueron: 1) describir las variaciones paisajisticas, 2) documentar cambios en la comunidad de micromamiferos y 3) relacionar estos cambios con los paisajisticos. La riqueza en especies no parecio variar con los cambios en el uso del suelo, sin embargo, cuando estas se separaron en gremios (abierto, forestal y antropico), se pudieron observar diferencias significativas. El gremio abierto disminuyo en un 6%, mientras los gremios forestal y antropico se incrementaron un 5% y un 2% respectivamente. El abandono de terreno cultivable, la expansion de areas forestales y el incremento en urbanizacion se vieron vinculados a estos cambios en los gremios, mientras que las especies, de forma individual, mostraron cambios relacionados con los climaticos. La perdida de habitat abierto adecuado para este ave se vio reflejada en la sustitucion de la lechuza por el carabo comun (Strix aluco), ocupando su lugar de anidacion. Por lo tanto, el seguimiento de la lechuza comun resulta ser una herramienta util para analizar respuestas al entorno en la comunidad de micromamiferos, posibilitando planes de conservacion mas viables y especificos para ambos. EnglishThe small mammal community (Orders Rodentia and Eulipotyphla) was evaluated in one single locality in coastal Catalonia in relation to human-induced changes in land use. Low detectability of some species drove us to assess the small mammal assemblages analysing barn owl (Tyto alba) pellets sampled in the same nesting site for a period of thirty years. The objectives were to 1) describe variations in landscape use, 2) document small mammal community changes and 3) relate these changes to those in land use. Species richness did not seem to vary with changes in land use, however, when species were separated into guilds (open, forest and synanthropic), significant differences could be observed. The open guild decreased by 6%, while the forest and synanthropic guild increased by 5% and 2% respectively. Abandonment of arable land, expansion of forested areas and an increase in urbanisation were closely linked to these guild changes, while some individual species showed variations which paralleled climatic changes. Loss of adequate open habitat for this raptor was highlighted by a species substitution, with the tawny owl (Strix aluco) occupying the nesting site previously used by the barn owl during the last years of the study. Barn owl diet monitoring therefore proves to be a useful tool to analyse small mammal community responses to changes in the environment, allowing for more specific and viab
在加泰罗尼亚海岸附近的一个地点，对西班牙小哺乳动物(目啮齿动物和Eulipotyphla)的群落进行了评估，以评估人为变化对土地利用的影响。在本研究中，我们分析了从同一筑巢点采集的普通猫头鹰(Tyto alba)的微乳虫组。本研究的目的是:1)描述景观变化，2)记录微乳虫群落的变化，3)将这些变化与景观联系起来。物种丰富度似乎没有随土地利用变化而变化，但当将其划分为开放、森林和人为行会时，可以观察到显著差异。开放公会减少6%，森林公会和人类公会分别增加5%和2%。农业用地的废弃、森林面积的扩大和城市化的增加都与这些行会的变化有关，而个体物种则表现出与气候相关的变化。这种鸟失去了合适的开放栖息地，这反映在猫头鹰被普通的carabo (Strix aluco)取代，占据了它们的筑巢地点。因此，对普通猫头鹰的监测被证明是分析微哺乳动物群落对环境反应的有用工具，使两者的保护计划更加可行和具体。小哺乳动物群落(啮齿动物目和Eulipotyphla目)在加泰罗尼亚沿海地区的一个地点进行了评估，以了解人类引起的土地利用变化。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该地区的总面积为，其中土地和(2.641平方公里)水。目的是:(1)描述景观利用的变化;(2)记录小型哺乳动物群落的变化;(3)报告这些变化与土地利用的变化。物种丰富度似乎没有随着土地利用的变化而变化，但是，当物种被划分为行会(开放、森林和共人类)时，可以观察到显著的差异。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该镇总面积为，其中土地和(1.2%)水。耕地的废弃、森林面积的扩大和城市化的增加与这些行会变化密切相关，而一些个体物种的变化与气候变化平行。Loss of适宜人类栖身地组织(open for this was俘虏highlighted by a species substitution, with the owl tawny Strix aluco) occupying nesting site事先用来by the owl的谷仓during the过去of the study。因此，谷仓猫头鹰饮食监测被证明是一种有用的工具，可以分析小型哺乳动物社区对环境变化的反应，从而为小型哺乳动物和谷仓猫头鹰制定更具体和可行的保护计划。
{"title":"Long-term human-induced landscape changes and small mammal communities in a Mediterranean place.","authors":"Jan Vigués, J. Grajera, A. Arrizabalaga, I. Torre","doi":"10.7325/GALEMYS.2018.A4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/GALEMYS.2018.A4","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa comunidad de micromamiferos (ordenes Rodentia y Eulipotyphla) fue evaluada en una sola localidad cercana a la costa catalana, en relacion con los cambios antropicos en el uso del suelo. La baja detectabilidad de algunas especies nos condujo a evaluar el conjunto de micromamiferos analizando egagropilas de lechuza comun (Tyto alba) extraidas del mismo punto de anidacion durante un periodo de treinta anos. Los objetivos fueron: 1) describir las variaciones paisajisticas, 2) documentar cambios en la comunidad de micromamiferos y 3) relacionar estos cambios con los paisajisticos. La riqueza en especies no parecio variar con los cambios en el uso del suelo, sin embargo, cuando estas se separaron en gremios (abierto, forestal y antropico), se pudieron observar diferencias significativas. El gremio abierto disminuyo en un 6%, mientras los gremios forestal y antropico se incrementaron un 5% y un 2% respectivamente. El abandono de terreno cultivable, la expansion de areas forestales y el incremento en urbanizacion se vieron vinculados a estos cambios en los gremios, mientras que las especies, de forma individual, mostraron cambios relacionados con los climaticos. La perdida de habitat abierto adecuado para este ave se vio reflejada en la sustitucion de la lechuza por el carabo comun (Strix aluco), ocupando su lugar de anidacion. Por lo tanto, el seguimiento de la lechuza comun resulta ser una herramienta util para analizar respuestas al entorno en la comunidad de micromamiferos, posibilitando planes de conservacion mas viables y especificos para ambos. EnglishThe small mammal community (Orders Rodentia and Eulipotyphla) was evaluated in one single locality in coastal Catalonia in relation to human-induced changes in land use. Low detectability of some species drove us to assess the small mammal assemblages analysing barn owl (Tyto alba) pellets sampled in the same nesting site for a period of thirty years. The objectives were to 1) describe variations in landscape use, 2) document small mammal community changes and 3) relate these changes to those in land use. Species richness did not seem to vary with changes in land use, however, when species were separated into guilds (open, forest and synanthropic), significant differences could be observed. The open guild decreased by 6%, while the forest and synanthropic guild increased by 5% and 2% respectively. Abandonment of arable land, expansion of forested areas and an increase in urbanisation were closely linked to these guild changes, while some individual species showed variations which paralleled climatic changes. Loss of adequate open habitat for this raptor was highlighted by a species substitution, with the tawny owl (Strix aluco) occupying the nesting site previously used by the barn owl during the last years of the study. Barn owl diet monitoring therefore proves to be a useful tool to analyse small mammal community responses to changes in the environment, allowing for more specific and viab","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132233379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Live trapping of large carnivores can have counter-productive effects on the animal’s health and post-release behavior. Nonetheless, trapping may be necessary for scientific inquiry, wildlife management and conservation. Capture methods should be efficient, selective, compassionate, and safe for both animals and people. Here, I review the methods used to capture the largest American felids, jaguars and pumas, and propose the use of a minimally invasive capture system (MICS). The device consists of a blowgun remotely controlled by means of cameras and a swiveling 2-way pan-tilt head. The blowgun is monitored by video camera and triggered from a distance of up to 400 m and is capable of shooting darts with high accuracy at distances of about 12 m. This method was developed a decade ago but has not been used despite clear advantages over traditional methods. The use of a MICS can be cheaper, lower in human investment, higher in efficiency and selectivity, and safer and more compassionate than the traditional methods used. The main disadvantages are related to manufacturing, as it must be custom built made by a specialized professional. In addition, any adjustments or repairs must also be handled by a specialist. Nevertheless, these challenges should not discourage the use of MICS, as ethical considerations are of growing importance worldwide when working with wild species. The use of MICS for the live-capture of wild jaguars and pumas (or other medium and large carnivores) deserves further consideration, testing, and discussion. Keywords: Panthera onca, Puma concolor, safe capture, trapping methods. Resumen La captura de grandes carnivoros vivos puede tener efectos contraproducentes sobre la salud del animal y su comportamiento posterior cuando se libera. No obstante, la captura puede ser necesaria para la investigacion cientifica, la gestion o la conservacion de las especies involucradas. Los metodos de captura deben ser eficientes, selectivos, compasivos y seguros tanto para los animales como para las personas. En este articulo se revisan los metodos utilizados para capturar jaguares y pumas, y se propone el uso de un sistema de captura minimamente invasivo (MICS). El dispositivo consiste en una cerbatana controlada a distancia por medio de camaras, y es capaz de disparar dardos con alta precision a distancias de hasta 12 m. Este metodo se desarrollo hace una decada, pero no se ha utilizado a pesar de las claras ventajas con respecto a los metodos tradicionales. El uso de MICS puede ser mas economico, necesitar de menor inversion humana, tener mayor eficiencia y selectividad, y ser mas seguro y compasivo que los metodos tradicionales. Las principales desventajas estan relacionadas con la fabricacion, ya que debe ser hecha por un profesional especializado, y cualquier ajuste o reparacion debe ser realizada por un especialista. Sin embargo, estos desafios no deben desalentar el uso de MISC, ya que las consideraciones eticas tienen una impor
诱捕大型食肉动物会对动物的健康和释放后的行为产生反作用。尽管如此，诱捕对于科学研究、野生动物管理和保护可能是必要的。捕获方法应该是有效的，有选择性的，有同情心的，对动物和人都安全的。在这里，我回顾了用于捕获最大的美洲猫科动物，美洲虎和美洲狮的方法，并建议使用微创捕获系统(MICS)。该设备包括一个吹枪，通过摄像头远程控制和一个旋转的双向泛倾斜头。吹枪由摄像机监控，从最远400米的距离触发，能够在大约12米的距离上以高精度射击飞镖。这种方法是十年前开发的，尽管与传统方法相比有明显的优势，但尚未使用。与使用的传统方法相比，多指标类集调查的使用成本更低，人力投入更少，效率和选择性更高，而且更安全，更富有同情心。主要的缺点与制造有关，因为它必须由专门的专业人员定制。此外，任何调整或修理也必须由专家处理。然而，这些挑战不应阻碍多指标类集研究的使用，因为在世界范围内，在处理野生物种时，伦理考虑日益重要。使用多集监测技术来活体捕捉野生美洲虎和美洲狮(或其他大中型食肉动物)值得进一步考虑、测试和讨论。关键词:美洲豹，美洲狮，安全捕获，诱捕方法通过对动物后侧自由通道的观察，研究了大型食肉动物的捕获和收缩效应。没有明确的捕鲸证据，有必要进行科学的捕鲸调查，提出对捕鲸物种进行保护的建议。这些捕获方法通过对动物和人物的分类，提高了效率、选择性和对比性。在此基础上，我们提出了一种基于捕获美洲豹和美洲豹的修复方法，并提出了一种基于最小入侵捕获系统(MICS)的方法。El定位包括在一定距离内对摄像机进行控制，在12米的距离内对摄像机进行定位。Este metodo se desarrollo has una decada, perno se使用了一种新的方法，在传统的方法中使用了一种新的方法。多指标类集研究的主要内容是:经济效益分析、人力成本分析、选择性效率分析、社会成本分析和传统成本分析。原则二:建立关系、建立关系、建立关系、建立关系、建立关系、建立关系、建立关系、建立关系、建立关系、建立关系。在禁运期间，这些国家的海水淡化和海水淡化都是由联合国海洋法公约规定的，因此，我们必须考虑到这些国家的海水淡化和海水淡化的重要性，并考虑到这些国家的海水淡化和海水淡化的重要性。“从美洲虎到美洲豹的捕获”(从食肉动物到大食肉动物的捕获)是一项重要的研究，是一项重要的讨论。捕蝉:捕蝉、捕蝉、美洲豹、美洲狮。DOI: 10.7325 / Galemys.2018.A5
{"title":"A minimally invasive capture system for the safe and compassionate live-trapping of jaguar and puma","authors":"F. Palomares","doi":"10.7325/galemys.2018.a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2018.a5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Live trapping of large carnivores can have counter-productive effects on the animal’s health and post-release behavior. Nonetheless, trapping may be necessary for scientific inquiry, wildlife management and conservation. Capture methods should be efficient, selective, compassionate, and safe for both animals and people. Here, I review the methods used to capture the largest American felids, jaguars and pumas, and propose the use of a minimally invasive capture system (MICS). The device consists of a blowgun remotely controlled by means of cameras and a swiveling 2-way pan-tilt head. The blowgun is monitored by video camera and triggered from a distance of up to 400 m and is capable of shooting darts with high accuracy at distances of about 12 m. This method was developed a decade ago but has not been used despite clear advantages over traditional methods. The use of a MICS can be cheaper, lower in human investment, higher in efficiency and selectivity, and safer and more compassionate than the traditional methods used. The main disadvantages are related to manufacturing, as it must be custom built made by a specialized professional. In addition, any adjustments or repairs must also be handled by a specialist. Nevertheless, these challenges should not discourage the use of MICS, as ethical considerations are of growing importance worldwide when working with wild species. The use of MICS for the live-capture of wild jaguars and pumas (or other medium and large carnivores) deserves further consideration, testing, and discussion. Keywords: Panthera onca, Puma concolor, safe capture, trapping methods. Resumen La captura de grandes carnivoros vivos puede tener efectos contraproducentes sobre la salud del animal y su comportamiento posterior cuando se libera. No obstante, la captura puede ser necesaria para la investigacion cientifica, la gestion o la conservacion de las especies involucradas. Los metodos de captura deben ser eficientes, selectivos, compasivos y seguros tanto para los animales como para las personas. En este articulo se revisan los metodos utilizados para capturar jaguares y pumas, y se propone el uso de un sistema de captura minimamente invasivo (MICS). El dispositivo consiste en una cerbatana controlada a distancia por medio de camaras, y es capaz de disparar dardos con alta precision a distancias de hasta 12 m. Este metodo se desarrollo hace una decada, pero no se ha utilizado a pesar de las claras ventajas con respecto a los metodos tradicionales. El uso de MICS puede ser mas economico, necesitar de menor inversion humana, tener mayor eficiencia y selectividad, y ser mas seguro y compasivo que los metodos tradicionales. Las principales desventajas estan relacionadas con la fabricacion, ya que debe ser hecha por un profesional especializado, y cualquier ajuste o reparacion debe ser realizada por un especialista. Sin embargo, estos desafios no deben desalentar el uso de MISC, ya que las consideraciones eticas tienen una impor","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128522168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Carvalho, P. Fandos, M. Festa‐Bianchet, U. Büntgen, C. Fonseca, E. Serrano
{"title":"Sustainable trophy hunting of Iberian ibex","authors":"J. Carvalho, P. Fandos, M. Festa‐Bianchet, U. Büntgen, C. Fonseca, E. Serrano","doi":"10.7325/GALEMYS.2018.F1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7325/GALEMYS.2018.F1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143015,"journal":{"name":"Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy","volume":"20 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129733062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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