Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113877
F.M.F. Simões, A. Pinto da Costa
This paper studies the dynamic response of an infinite Euler–Bernoulli elastic beam on a displacement-driven nonlocal elastic foundation, under the action of a concentrated load moving at constant velocity. The steady-state response of the system is analytically obtained and explicitly solved. In particular, we show that, in the limit when the foundation characteristic length vanishes, the steady-state formulation of the local foundation problem is recovered. Furthermore, it is shown that increasing the foundation’s characteristic length reduces the critical velocity of the moving load. These findings are confirmed through an analysis of the dynamic response of a finite beam, on the same foundation and subjected to identical loading conditions, using the finite element method.
{"title":"Dynamics of a beam on a displacement-driven nonlocal foundation under a moving load","authors":"F.M.F. Simões, A. Pinto da Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies the dynamic response of an infinite Euler–Bernoulli elastic beam on a displacement-driven nonlocal elastic foundation, under the action of a concentrated load moving at constant velocity. The steady-state response of the system is analytically obtained and explicitly solved. In particular, we show that, in the limit when the foundation characteristic length vanishes, the steady-state formulation of the local foundation problem is recovered. Furthermore, it is shown that increasing the foundation’s characteristic length reduces the critical velocity of the moving load. These findings are confirmed through an analysis of the dynamic response of a finite beam, on the same foundation and subjected to identical loading conditions, using the finite element method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 113877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113875
Zhen Dai , Fei Xu , Qiuzu Yang , Jiayi Wang , Wei Feng
Adhesion strength is a key indicator determining the integrity and service performance of cold spray coatings. However, traditional evaluation methods (such as pull-off tests) are not only constrained by adhesive strength but also involve time-consuming and costly processes. Consequently, developing reliable numerical prediction methods hold significant scientific and engineering value. This paper establishes a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model integrated with a physical interface interaction model to predict the adhesion strength of cold spray particles. The model simulates the formation of metal-to-metal connections between particle and substrate and utilizes the stable attractive forces generated post-bonding to enable direct numerical prediction of adhesion strength. The results indicate that adhesion strength increases nonlinearly with impact velocity, with the rate of increase gradually slowing, which is closely linked to jetting and inward curling behavior at the particle periphery. The predictions show good agreement with experimental data, validating the model’s effectiveness. Furthermore, applying this method to deposition processes under various process parameters (spray angle, particle size, and initial temperature) systematically reveals quantitative relationships between these parameters and adhesion strength, demonstrating the model’s potential for optimizing process windows and tailoring performance. Overall, this study provides a physics-based numerical tool for understanding and enhancing the bonding performance of cold spray coatings.
{"title":"Adhesion strength prediction of cold spray particle via smoothed particle hydrodynamics","authors":"Zhen Dai , Fei Xu , Qiuzu Yang , Jiayi Wang , Wei Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adhesion strength is a key indicator determining the integrity and service performance of cold spray coatings. However, traditional evaluation methods (such as pull-off tests) are not only constrained by adhesive strength but also involve time-consuming and costly processes. Consequently, developing reliable numerical prediction methods hold significant scientific and engineering value. This paper establishes a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model integrated with a physical interface interaction model to predict the adhesion strength of cold spray particles. The model simulates the formation of metal-to-metal connections between particle and substrate and utilizes the stable attractive forces generated post-bonding to enable direct numerical prediction of adhesion strength. The results indicate that adhesion strength increases nonlinearly with impact velocity, with the rate of increase gradually slowing, which is closely linked to jetting and inward curling behavior at the particle periphery. The predictions show good agreement with experimental data, validating the model’s effectiveness. Furthermore, applying this method to deposition processes under various process parameters (spray angle, particle size, and initial temperature) systematically reveals quantitative relationships between these parameters and adhesion strength, demonstrating the model’s potential for optimizing process windows and tailoring performance. Overall, this study provides a physics-based numerical tool for understanding and enhancing the bonding performance of cold spray coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 113875"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113874
Yingjian Guo , Lihua Wang , Magd Abdel Wahab
This study proposes a hybrid method for predicting the forming limit of cylindrical cup deep drawing by integrating analytical modeling, Finite Element Method (FEM), and Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs). First, an analytical model is established to describe the theoretical forming load-bearing capacity during the sheet metal drawing process. FEM is then used to obtain forming force–displacement curves under various process parameter conditions. By identifying the intersection between the simulated forming force curves and the theoretical limit load curve, the fracture height, representing the maximum drawing limit, is determined and validated against experimental data from literature, confirming the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Building upon this, a comprehensive dataset of forming forces is generated using FEM under a wide range of process conditions, including variations in the coefficient of friction, die radius, punch radius and blank holder force. This dataset is used to train a GRU neural network model to enable rapid prediction of the drawing force. Finally, by combining the GRU-predicted force curves with the analytically derived load-bearing capacity, the maximum punch displacement under arbitrary process parameters was efficiently obtained. The findings indicate that the proposed approach delivers accurate predictions and exhibits robust generalization performance, while significantly reducing the computational cost associated with process parameter optimization. This work provides an efficient and reliable surrogate modeling framework for the intelligent design of deep drawing processes.
{"title":"Prediction of rupture instability during deep drawing using Gated Recurrent units based on conditional sequence generation","authors":"Yingjian Guo , Lihua Wang , Magd Abdel Wahab","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a hybrid method for predicting the forming limit of cylindrical cup deep drawing by integrating analytical modeling, Finite Element Method (FEM), and Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs). First, an analytical model is established to describe the theoretical forming load-bearing capacity during the sheet metal drawing process. FEM is then used to obtain forming force–displacement curves under various process parameter conditions. By identifying the intersection between the simulated forming force curves and the theoretical limit load curve, the fracture height, representing the maximum drawing limit, is determined and validated against experimental data from literature, confirming the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Building upon this, a comprehensive dataset of forming forces is generated using FEM under a wide range of process conditions, including variations in the coefficient of friction, die radius, punch radius and blank holder force. This dataset is used to train a GRU neural network model to enable rapid prediction of the drawing force. Finally, by combining the GRU-predicted force curves with the analytically derived load-bearing capacity, the maximum punch displacement under arbitrary process parameters was efficiently obtained. The findings indicate that the proposed approach delivers accurate predictions and exhibits robust generalization performance, while significantly reducing the computational cost associated with process parameter optimization. This work provides an efficient and reliable surrogate modeling framework for the intelligent design of deep drawing processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 113874"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chiral honeycombs are demonstrated to exhibit exceptional out–of–plane mechanical properties owing to their distinctive chirality. However, systematic investigations, particularly theoretical studies, remain limited. In this work, a comprehensive study is conducted on the out‑of‑plane crashworthiness of a prototypical chiral topology, namely the wavy tri‑chiral honeycomb (WTCH). The configuration of the WTCH can be interpreted as a transformation of the conventional hexagonal honeycomb (CHH), achieved by substituting its straight cell walls with curved segments. Finite element (FE) simulations are first performed to elucidate the out-of-plane crashworthiness and underlying deformation mechanism of the WTCH. Under quasi-static loading condition, three distinct collapse modes, i.e., progressive folding, concertina-like buckling, and global bending, are identified, governed by a trade-off between wave slope and cell wall slenderness ratio. The latter two modes are characterized by significantly elevated peak stresses, rendering them unfavorable for energy-absorbing applications. In contrast, under dynamic loading conditions, all WTCH configurations exhibit a progressive folding collapse mode. Based on the identified deformation mechanism, theoretical models for predicting the plateau stresses of the WTCH undergoing progressive folding collapse are developed using the Simplified Super Folding Element (SSFE) theory and validated against numerical simulations, showing strong agreement. Finally, a quantitative comparison with the CHH demonstrates that the WTCH achieves at least a 47 % improvement in specific energy absorption under identical cell size and relative density, along with consistently higher crush force efficiency. These findings provide valuable insights for the structural optimization and engineering applications of wavy chiral honeycombs in crash protection and safety contexts.
{"title":"Theoretical modeling of out-of-plane crashworthiness of a wavy tri-chiral honeycomb","authors":"Yilin Zhu , Miao Zhou , Xue Rui , Chao Yu , Yifeng Zhong , Chuanzeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chiral honeycombs are demonstrated to exhibit exceptional out–of–plane mechanical properties owing to their distinctive chirality. However, systematic investigations, particularly theoretical studies, remain limited. In this work, a comprehensive study is conducted on the out‑of‑plane crashworthiness of a prototypical chiral topology, namely the wavy tri‑chiral honeycomb (WTCH). The configuration of the WTCH can be interpreted as a transformation of the conventional hexagonal honeycomb (CHH), achieved by substituting its straight cell walls with curved segments. Finite element (FE) simulations are first performed to elucidate the out-of-plane crashworthiness and underlying deformation mechanism of the WTCH. Under quasi-static loading condition, three distinct collapse modes, i.e., progressive folding, concertina-like buckling, and global bending, are identified, governed by a trade-off between wave slope and cell wall slenderness ratio. The latter two modes are characterized by significantly elevated peak stresses, rendering them unfavorable for energy-absorbing applications. In contrast, under dynamic loading conditions, all WTCH configurations exhibit a progressive folding collapse mode. Based on the identified deformation mechanism, theoretical models for predicting the plateau stresses of the WTCH undergoing progressive folding collapse are developed using the Simplified Super Folding Element (SSFE) theory and validated against numerical simulations, showing strong agreement. Finally, a quantitative comparison with the CHH demonstrates that the WTCH achieves at least a 47 % improvement in specific energy absorption under identical cell size and relative density, along with consistently higher crush force efficiency. These findings provide valuable insights for the structural optimization and engineering applications of wavy chiral honeycombs in crash protection and safety contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 113873"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113866
Jean-Emmanuel Leroy, Valentin L. Popov
The paper builds upon a method previously developed and introduced by the authors for the normal contact of a rigid smooth indenter with a poroelastic half-space extending it to a single layer. Fundamental solutions in the Fourier and Laplace space for two types of the layer support, bonded and unbonded, are presented. It is shown how using these solutions discrete kernels can be constructed, enabling FFT-accelerated computation of the layer response to applied pressure distributions in both space and time, and therefore efficient solution of contact problems with indenters of arbitrary shape.
{"title":"Boundary element method for normal contacts of poroelastic layers","authors":"Jean-Emmanuel Leroy, Valentin L. Popov","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper builds upon a method previously developed and introduced by the authors for the normal contact of a rigid smooth indenter with a poroelastic half-space extending it to a single layer. Fundamental solutions in the Fourier and Laplace space for two types of the layer support, bonded and unbonded, are presented. It is shown how using these solutions discrete kernels can be constructed, enabling FFT-accelerated computation of the layer response to applied pressure distributions in both space and time, and therefore efficient solution of contact problems with indenters of arbitrary shape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 113866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113865
Xiaojun Tan , Jian Ma , Shaohua Liu , Bo Cao , Xueyan Chen , Bing Wang , Muamer Kadic
High-performance and reusable energy-absorbing materials have tremendous potential in industrial applications. Achieving both high performance and reusability has long been a challenge due to their apparent incompatibility. To address this, we proposed a solid–liquid dual-state mechanical metamaterial. This metamaterial exhibits robust mechanical properties when the liquid metal is solid and achieves high energy absorption through its plastic deformation. Upon heating-induced solid–liquid state transition, its deformed state fully recovers its initial state, ensuring reusability. The metamaterials can be fabricated by injecting liquid metal into an hollow elastic lattice structure manufactured through additive manufacturing processes. The mechanical properties of solid–liquid dual-state mechanical metamaterials prepared from different liquid metal, such as gallium, Field’s metal, and Wood’s metal, are analyzed in this paper through a combined approach of experiments, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulations. The results reveal that the proposed metamaterial significantly outperforms all previously reported reusable energy-absorbing materials in specific energy absorption (SEA). This breakthrough driven by the solid–liquid state transition redefines the limits of reusable energy absorption and opens the path to develop a complete family of robust, reusable materials.
{"title":"Design, fabrication, and characterization of solid–liquid dual-state mechanical metamaterials","authors":"Xiaojun Tan , Jian Ma , Shaohua Liu , Bo Cao , Xueyan Chen , Bing Wang , Muamer Kadic","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-performance and reusable energy-absorbing materials have tremendous potential in industrial applications. Achieving both high performance and reusability has long been a challenge due to their apparent incompatibility. To address this, we proposed a solid–liquid dual-state mechanical metamaterial. This metamaterial exhibits robust mechanical properties when the liquid metal is solid and achieves high energy absorption through its plastic deformation. Upon heating-induced solid–liquid state transition, its deformed state fully recovers its initial state, ensuring reusability. The metamaterials can be fabricated by injecting liquid metal into an hollow elastic lattice structure manufactured through additive manufacturing processes. The mechanical properties of solid–liquid dual-state mechanical metamaterials prepared from different liquid metal, such as gallium, Field’s metal, and Wood’s metal, are analyzed in this paper through a combined approach of experiments, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulations. The results reveal that the proposed metamaterial significantly outperforms all previously reported reusable energy-absorbing materials in specific energy absorption (SEA). This breakthrough driven by the solid–liquid state transition redefines the limits of reusable energy absorption and opens the path to develop a complete family of robust, reusable materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 113865"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113871
Wabi Demeke , Sangryun Lee , Wonju Jeon , Seunghwa Ryu
Metamaterials composed of gradient-index (GRIN) phononic crystals (PnCs), which contain unit cells whose sizes vary perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, serve as a means of focusing elastic waves for energy harvesting. Owing to the finite wavelength of the propagating wave, GRIN PnCs localize the wave within a finite-sized region, which experiences multimodal strains instead of focusing on a single focal point with a single mode of strain. Consequently, the energy harvesting of elastic waves across a localized, finite region has recently gained research interest. This is due to the advantage of harvesting more energy through a properly designed piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) that is larger than the wavelength of the elastic wave. However, the design of unit cells in GRIN PnC has been predominantly limited to simple shapes. This study introduces random hole shapes in GRIN PnC to enhance the intensity of elastic energy localization across targeted finite-sized region, utilizing a data-efficient surrogate model through Bayesian optimization (BO). Additionally, the developed BO method identifies a unit cell design that offers wave focusing intensity comparable to that of benchmark deep neural network (DNN)-based optimization, while requiring only 5.9% of the dataset. This advancement in wave localization significantly enhances the wave localization intensity in the target region by 36% and improves power generation by up to 1.5 times compared to GRIN PnC design with simple circular hole.
{"title":"Enhancing elastic energy focusing in multimode strain regions via Bayesian optimization of gradient-index phononic crystals for energy harvesting","authors":"Wabi Demeke , Sangryun Lee , Wonju Jeon , Seunghwa Ryu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metamaterials composed of gradient-index (GRIN) phononic crystals (PnCs), which contain unit cells whose sizes vary perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, serve as a means of focusing elastic waves for energy harvesting. Owing to the finite wavelength of the propagating wave, GRIN PnCs localize the wave within a finite-sized region, which experiences multimodal strains instead of focusing on a single focal point with a single mode of strain. Consequently, the energy harvesting of elastic waves across a localized, finite region has recently gained research interest. This is due to the advantage of harvesting more energy through a properly designed piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) that is larger than the wavelength of the elastic wave. However, the design of unit cells in GRIN PnC has been predominantly limited to simple shapes. This study introduces random hole shapes in GRIN PnC to enhance the intensity of elastic energy localization across targeted finite-sized region, utilizing a data-efficient surrogate model through Bayesian optimization (BO). Additionally, the developed BO method identifies a unit cell design that offers wave focusing intensity comparable to that of benchmark deep neural network (DNN)-based optimization, while requiring only 5.9% of the dataset. This advancement in wave localization significantly enhances the wave localization intensity in the target region by 36% and improves power generation by up to 1.5 times compared to GRIN PnC design with simple circular hole.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 113871"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146070913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113856
Zhiyuan Li, Yuang Zhang, Wang Zhong, Yiqun Zhang, Zihan Sun, Naigang Hu
Deployable membrane antennas are extensively utilized in space exploration due to their high packing efficiency and lightweight properties. Prior to orbital deployment, these antennas must undergo repeated ground-based deployment tests to verify their reliability and performance during deployment. However, repeated deployment aggravates damage at the membrane creases, compromising structural integrity and deployment accuracy. To address this issue, this paper establishes an endurance degradation model for membrane creases under repeated folding based on experimental data, and derives a quantitative relationship between the crease characteristic dimension (i.e., crease angle) and the number of folding cycles. A deployment analysis model for the membrane structure is then developed based on the Flasher folding method, incorporating the effects of both repeated folding and initial bending stress at the creases on deployment behavior. Through the stress-bending moment relationship, it is demonstrated that an increasing number of folding cycles leads to higher initial bending stress at the creases, resulting in a significant reduction in deployment accuracy. Concurrently, the energy required for the deployment process, i.e., the driving force, increases substantially. Finally, repeated folding-deployment experiments were conducted on a prototype planar membrane antenna. The experimental results validate the crease endurance degradation model and confirm the mechanistic influence of repetitive folding on the unfolding process.
{"title":"Research on the repeated folding mechanism of membrane antennas based on crease endurance degradation","authors":"Zhiyuan Li, Yuang Zhang, Wang Zhong, Yiqun Zhang, Zihan Sun, Naigang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deployable membrane antennas are extensively utilized in space exploration due to their high packing efficiency and lightweight properties. Prior to orbital deployment, these antennas must undergo repeated ground-based deployment tests to verify their reliability and performance during deployment. However, repeated deployment aggravates damage at the membrane creases, compromising structural integrity and deployment accuracy. To address this issue, this paper establishes an endurance degradation model for membrane creases under repeated folding based on experimental data, and derives a quantitative relationship between the crease characteristic dimension (i.e., crease angle) and the number of folding cycles. A deployment analysis model for the membrane structure is then developed based on the Flasher folding method, incorporating the effects of both repeated folding and initial bending stress at the creases on deployment behavior. Through the stress-bending moment relationship, it is demonstrated that an increasing number of folding cycles leads to higher initial bending stress at the creases, resulting in a significant reduction in deployment accuracy. Concurrently, the energy required for the deployment process, i.e., the driving force, increases substantially. Finally, repeated folding-deployment experiments were conducted on a prototype planar membrane antenna. The experimental results validate the crease endurance degradation model and confirm the mechanistic influence of repetitive folding on the unfolding process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 113856"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present work investigates the dynamic behaviour of viscoelastic composite shafts by developing a detailed mathematical model for woven fabric composites. Frequency-dependent properties of the epoxy resin are obtained using a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) and subsequently curve-fitted to derive a viscoelastic operator through a Genetic Algorithm–based optimization scheme. The key novelty of this study lies in proposing an operator-based composite modulus formulation, wherein elastic fibers are integrated into the viscoelastic matrix at the constitutive level, enabling a frequency-dependent representation of woven composites. This integration yields a theoretical operator modulus for the composite based on the rule of mixture concept that naturally introduces higher-order terms into the governing equations of motion. The proposed theoretical operator modulus is further experimentally validated by fabricating and testing a woven fabric composite in DMA. The validated model is then employed to analyze the dynamic behaviour of a viscoelastic shaft–rotor system. The influence of fiber orientation on system stability is examined, revealing a symmetric stability pattern, with minimum stability at 45° and maximum stability at 0° and 90° orientations relative to the spin axis. This behaviour is attributed to the alignment of fibers along principal stiffness directions. The findings underscore the critical importance of fiber orientation and provide a robust, experimentally supported modelling framework for designing dynamically stable composite shafts.
{"title":"Mathematical modelling and dynamic analysis of visco-elastic woven fabric composite shafts","authors":"Aditya Sharma , Krishanu Ganguly , Rajan Prasad , Jayanta Kumar Dutt","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work investigates the dynamic behaviour of viscoelastic composite shafts by developing a detailed mathematical model for woven fabric composites. Frequency-dependent properties of the epoxy resin are obtained using a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) and subsequently curve-fitted to derive a viscoelastic operator through a Genetic Algorithm–based optimization scheme. The key novelty of this study lies in proposing an operator-based composite modulus formulation, wherein elastic fibers are integrated into the viscoelastic matrix at the constitutive level, enabling a frequency-dependent representation of woven composites. This integration yields a theoretical operator modulus for the composite based on the rule of mixture concept that naturally introduces higher-order terms into the governing equations of motion. The proposed theoretical operator modulus is further experimentally validated by fabricating and testing a woven fabric composite in DMA. The validated model is then employed to analyze the dynamic behaviour of a viscoelastic shaft–rotor system. The influence of fiber orientation on system stability is examined, revealing a symmetric stability pattern, with minimum stability at 45° and maximum stability at 0° and 90° orientations relative to the spin axis. This behaviour is attributed to the alignment of fibers along principal stiffness directions. The findings underscore the critical importance of fiber orientation and provide a robust, experimentally supported modelling framework for designing dynamically stable composite shafts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 113855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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