Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113852
Sichen Liu, Wenbin Yu
In practical engineering applications, slender structures often have complex geometries, such as aircraft wings and rotor blades. Slender structures with low aspect ratios were often analyzed using three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element Analysis (FEA) as beam models were widely considered inadequate. However, analyzing slender structures with complex geometries was usually impractical due to the large number of degrees of freedom (DOFs) needed. This underscored the need to evaluate whether beam models can preserve accuracy while substantially reducing computational cost. To perform this assessment, a semi-analytical solution of the Timoshenko beam model, based on Variational Asymptotic Beam Sectional Analysis (VABS) considering all possible couplings, was used to predict the natural frequencies of general composite structures in free vibration analysis. The natural frequencies obtained from the semi-analytical solution were compared against the results from 3D FEA to assess the accuracy of the VABS-based Timoshenko model. The findings indicated that, for general composite beams, the Timoshenko model provided accurate predictions of the first several modes, excluding non-beam modes, mitigating the need for resource-intensive 3D FEA.
{"title":"Semi-analytical solution of VABS-based Timoshenko Beam Model for free vibration of composite structures","authors":"Sichen Liu, Wenbin Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In practical engineering applications, slender structures often have complex geometries, such as aircraft wings and rotor blades. Slender structures with low aspect ratios were often analyzed using three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element Analysis (FEA) as beam models were widely considered inadequate. However, analyzing slender structures with complex geometries was usually impractical due to the large number of degrees of freedom (DOFs) needed. This underscored the need to evaluate whether beam models can preserve accuracy while substantially reducing computational cost. To perform this assessment, a semi-analytical solution of the Timoshenko beam model, based on Variational Asymptotic Beam Sectional Analysis (VABS) considering all possible couplings, was used to predict the natural frequencies of general composite structures in free vibration analysis. The natural frequencies obtained from the semi-analytical solution were compared against the results from 3D FEA to assess the accuracy of the VABS-based Timoshenko model. The findings indicated that, for general composite beams, the Timoshenko model provided accurate predictions of the first several modes, excluding non-beam modes, mitigating the need for resource-intensive 3D FEA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 113852"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113846
Sepideh Ebad Sichani, Xin Ning
Inspired by the continuous shells and graded porous interiors of natural bird bones, this study presents a framework to design, optimize, and additively manufacture bird-bone-like materials for a new class of aircraft wing designs without traditional components such as ribs, spars, and stiffeners. Additive manufacturing, including fused deposition modeling (FDM), enables the rapid fabrication of these complex bio-inspired geometries with minimal material waste but introduces significant anisotropy due to its layer-by-layer deposition process. We implemented a transversely isotropic material model with Hill’s yield criterion to capture the directional dependence of FDM-printed polylactic acid (PLA). Using the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES), the bird-bone-inspired materials were optimized to minimize wing mass while maximizing load-carrying capacity. This framework achieved substantial improvements in structural efficiency, with 48–54 % for wings with lattice-based internal structures and 23–37 % for foam-based internal structures compared to reference designs. Experimental validation through structural testing of 3D-printed wings showed strong agreement with numerical predictions, with differences in effective stiffness and load-carrying capacity within 1.4–3.3 % and 1.2–13.5 %, respectively, of simulated values. The results confirm the effectiveness of this integrated framework for designing lightweight, high-performance bird-bone-inspired materials for aerospace applications.
{"title":"Optimization, additive manufacturing, and testing of bird-bone-inspired materials for aircraft wing designs","authors":"Sepideh Ebad Sichani, Xin Ning","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inspired by the continuous shells and graded porous interiors of natural bird bones, this study presents a framework to design, optimize, and additively manufacture bird-bone-like materials for a new class of aircraft wing designs without traditional components such as ribs, spars, and stiffeners. Additive manufacturing, including fused deposition modeling (FDM), enables the rapid fabrication of these complex bio-inspired geometries with minimal material waste but introduces significant anisotropy due to its layer-by-layer deposition process. We implemented a transversely isotropic material model with Hill’s yield criterion to capture the directional dependence of FDM-printed polylactic acid (PLA). Using the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES), the bird-bone-inspired materials were optimized to minimize wing mass while maximizing load-carrying capacity. This framework achieved substantial improvements in structural efficiency, with 48–54 % for wings with lattice-based internal structures and 23–37 % for foam-based internal structures compared to reference designs. Experimental validation through structural testing of 3D-printed wings showed strong agreement with numerical predictions, with differences in effective stiffness and load-carrying capacity within 1.4–3.3 % and 1.2–13.5 %, respectively, of simulated values. The results confirm the effectiveness of this integrated framework for designing lightweight, high-performance bird-bone-inspired materials for aerospace applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 113846"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113849
Shah Wasif Sazzad , Sanjay Dharmavaram , Luigi E. Perotti
The ability to unfold three-dimensional curved surfaces to flat templates has many applications ranging from space exploration, to communication, to mapping and image processing. In this context, we propose a new algorithm to unfold curved surfaces to a planar template that is selected under chosen design criteria. The given surface is first tessellated and potential cutlines are identified by joining the topological defects in the tessellation. These cutlines isolate regions (or unit patches) of lower Gauss curvature, which can be flattened with smaller distortion. Vice versa, regions of high Gauss curvature are driven toward the boundaries of the template, where area can be more easily added or subtracted with the same goal of minimizing distortion. Based on the determined cutlines, a graph is constructed where the nodes correspond to the unit patches and the edges to the patches’ connectivity. The edge weights are assigned based on chosen design criteria so that the graph’s minimum spanning tree determines the connections between the unit patches in the unfolded template. In this work, we consider criteria to avoid overlapping and based on the area or shape of the unfolded template, or leading to compact refolding. Each unit patch is mapped to the flat template and linked to its adjacent subunits following the minimum spanning tree. An elastic energy minimization scheme is applied to reduce distortion. The unfolding procedure can be reversed using a separate path to achieve compact refolding, which may be advantageous for transportation and storage. The proposed strategy is demonstrated in the unfolding of icosahedral shells, geodesic domes, and a paraboloid according to different design criteria. In all these examples, the limited distortion of the unfolded template with respect to the original surface is presented.
{"title":"Using topological defects to unfold thin structures: A graph-based approach with energy-driven distortion minimization","authors":"Shah Wasif Sazzad , Sanjay Dharmavaram , Luigi E. Perotti","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability to unfold three-dimensional curved surfaces to flat templates has many applications ranging from space exploration, to communication, to mapping and image processing. In this context, we propose a new algorithm to unfold curved surfaces to a planar template that is selected under chosen design criteria. The given surface is first tessellated and potential cutlines are identified by joining the topological defects in the tessellation. These cutlines isolate regions (or unit patches) of lower Gauss curvature, which can be flattened with smaller distortion. Vice versa, regions of high Gauss curvature are driven toward the boundaries of the template, where area can be more easily added or subtracted with the same goal of minimizing distortion. Based on the determined cutlines, a graph is constructed where the nodes correspond to the unit patches and the edges to the patches’ connectivity. The edge weights are assigned based on chosen design criteria so that the graph’s minimum spanning tree determines the connections between the unit patches in the unfolded template. In this work, we consider criteria to avoid overlapping and based on the area or shape of the unfolded template, or leading to compact refolding. Each unit patch is mapped to the flat template and linked to its adjacent subunits following the minimum spanning tree. An elastic energy minimization scheme is applied to reduce distortion. The unfolding procedure can be reversed using a separate path to achieve compact refolding, which may be advantageous for transportation and storage. The proposed strategy is demonstrated in the unfolding of icosahedral shells, geodesic domes, and a paraboloid according to different design criteria. In all these examples, the limited distortion of the unfolded template with respect to the original surface is presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 113849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113848
Fernando Ramirez , Arturo Rodriguez-Herrera , Paul R. Heyliger
The natural vibration behavior of traction-free nanoparticles using an integral formulation of non-local elasticity theory is reported. Frequency spectra of sphere- and cubed-shaped particles composed of silicon, carbon, and germanium were computed using the finite element method. Various particle sizes, material internal lengths, and non-local weighting factors were considered. It was found that non-local frequencies are consistently lower than those obtained using local elasticity, indicating a material softening effect introduced by the non-local theory. Additionally, non-local frequencies approach those calculated using classical local elasticity as the local weighting factor increases and/or the material-internal-length to particle-size ratio decreases. Finally, the non-local frequency-radius product varies with particle size, indicating that the frequency scale invariance holding in classical elasticity is not valid. Instead, it was found that normalized non-local frequencies remain constant for a given material-internal-length to particle-size ratio, regardless of the particle size. This result introduces an alternative concept of scale invariance within the framework of non-local elasticity.
{"title":"Novel non-local frequency scale invariance for nanostructures","authors":"Fernando Ramirez , Arturo Rodriguez-Herrera , Paul R. Heyliger","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The natural vibration behavior of traction-free nanoparticles using an integral formulation of non-local elasticity theory is reported. Frequency spectra of sphere- and cubed-shaped particles composed of silicon, carbon, and germanium were computed using the finite element method. Various particle sizes, material internal lengths, and non-local weighting factors were considered. It was found that non-local frequencies are consistently lower than those obtained using local elasticity, indicating a material softening effect introduced by the non-local theory. Additionally, non-local frequencies approach those calculated using classical local elasticity as the local weighting factor increases and/or the material-internal-length to particle-size ratio decreases. Finally, the non-local frequency-radius product varies with particle size, indicating that the frequency scale invariance holding in classical elasticity is not valid. Instead, it was found that normalized non-local frequencies remain constant for a given material-internal-length to particle-size ratio, regardless of the particle size. This result introduces an alternative concept of scale invariance within the framework of non-local elasticity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 113848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113843
J.A. López-Fernández , G. Centeno , M.B. Silva , C. Vallellano
This work presents an experimental and numerical investigation of shrink flanging using Conventional Press Forming (CPF) and Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF). Tests were carried out on aluminium AA2024-T3 sheets to identify failure modes, process windows, and formability limits under compressive loading. Finite Element simulations were developed for both processes, focusing on the evolution of in-plane stresses at the flange edge. A stress-based wrinkling criterion is stablished, and a process window is defined as a function of flange geometry. Results show that SPIF enhances formability and delays wrinkling compared to CPF. However, while CPF exhibits earlier wrinkling, certain cases allow wrinkle ironing, improving the final surface quality. A numerical criterion is introduced to detect wrinkling based on strain differences between the inner and outer surfaces of the sheet, enabling consistent identification of the wrinkling onset across geometries. A stress-based analysis reveals that the critical compressive stress required to initiate wrinkling is significantly lower in CPF and strongly dependent on flange length. Conversely, SPIF maintains a nearly constant wrinkling limit. Based on these findings, a process window was developed to support the selection of the most suitable forming strategy.
{"title":"Predictive analysis of wrinkling in shrink flanging using conventional versus incremental forming","authors":"J.A. López-Fernández , G. Centeno , M.B. Silva , C. Vallellano","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents an experimental and numerical investigation of shrink flanging using Conventional Press Forming (CPF) and Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF). Tests were carried out on aluminium AA2024-T3 sheets to identify failure modes, process windows, and formability limits under compressive loading. Finite Element simulations were developed for both processes, focusing on the evolution of in-plane stresses at the flange edge. A stress-based wrinkling criterion is stablished, and a process window is defined as a function of flange geometry. Results show that SPIF enhances formability and delays wrinkling compared to CPF. However, while CPF exhibits earlier wrinkling, certain cases allow wrinkle ironing, improving the final surface quality. A numerical criterion is introduced to detect wrinkling based on strain differences between the inner and outer surfaces of the sheet, enabling consistent identification of the wrinkling onset across geometries. A stress-based analysis reveals that the critical compressive stress required to initiate wrinkling is significantly lower in CPF and strongly dependent on flange length. Conversely, SPIF maintains a nearly constant wrinkling limit. Based on these findings, a process window was developed to support the selection of the most suitable forming strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 113843"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113845
Xuyang Zhang , Qiang Chen , Rúben Lourenço , Mohammed El Fallaki Idrissi , Xuefeng Chen , George Chatzigeorgiou , Fodil Meraghni
We propose a thermodynamics-informed multi-head attention neural network (TMANN) framework for predicting elastoplastic behavior under arbitrary loading paths. In contrast to earlier thermodynamics-informed networks that rely solely on internal state variables to encode loading history, the TMANN incorporates a multi-head attention mechanism that explicitly captures the material history sequence, thereby enhancing predictive accuracy and stability. The architecture comprises an attention network for predicting increments of internal state variables and a companion neural network for estimating the Helmholtz free energy at each time step. To ensure physical consistency and strengthen the model’s generalization capability, the loss function explicitly enforces thermodynamic constraints, including non-negative free energy, non-negative dissipation rate, and monotonic accumulation of effective plastic strain. Furthermore, a rolling iterative prediction strategy is implemented to ensure the model’s compatibility with the stepwise nature of arbitrary loading paths, as only the initial stress and strain states are known a priori. The integration of TMANN into ABAQUS through a user material subroutine verifies its practical applicability to structural simulations. The effectiveness of the proposed TMANN is validated through comparisons with classical numerical methods at both the material point level and in structural simulations. New results showcase the TMANN’s robust generalization performance, maintaining high prediction accuracy under incremental loading/unloading and complex random loading scenarios.
{"title":"Thermodynamics-informed multi-head attention neural networks for constitutive modelling","authors":"Xuyang Zhang , Qiang Chen , Rúben Lourenço , Mohammed El Fallaki Idrissi , Xuefeng Chen , George Chatzigeorgiou , Fodil Meraghni","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a thermodynamics-informed multi-head attention neural network (TMANN) framework for predicting elastoplastic behavior under arbitrary loading paths. In contrast to earlier thermodynamics-informed networks that rely solely on internal state variables to encode loading history, the TMANN incorporates a multi-head attention mechanism that explicitly captures the material history sequence, thereby enhancing predictive accuracy and stability. The architecture comprises an attention network for predicting increments of internal state variables and a companion neural network for estimating the Helmholtz free energy at each time step. To ensure physical consistency and strengthen the model’s generalization capability, the loss function explicitly enforces thermodynamic constraints, including non-negative free energy, non-negative dissipation rate, and monotonic accumulation of effective plastic strain. Furthermore, a rolling iterative prediction strategy is implemented to ensure the model’s compatibility with the stepwise nature of arbitrary loading paths, as only the initial stress and strain states are known a priori. The integration of TMANN into ABAQUS through a user material subroutine verifies its practical applicability to structural simulations. The effectiveness of the proposed TMANN is validated through comparisons with classical numerical methods at both the material point level and in structural simulations. New results showcase the TMANN’s robust generalization performance, maintaining high prediction accuracy under incremental loading/unloading and complex random loading scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 113845"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113847
Qianxi Sun , Xiao-Lei Cui , Shijie Yin , Shijian Yuan
The anisotropic parameters of metal tubes are of great significance for calibrating the constitutive model and achieving the high-accuracy simulation of forming thin-walled tubular parts. In this paper, a new method of inclined ring tensile test (IRTT) based on digital image correlation (DIC) technology was established to determine the normal anisotropy coefficients (r values) and stress–strain curves of thin-walled metal tubes in arbitrary directions. The method utilizes blocks with asymmetric geometry to support the parallel segment, thereby avoiding straightening deformation. Meanwhile, a precise calculation formula for the tensile stress in the center section was derived, taking friction into account. Furthermore, finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to investigate the uniformity of tensile stress and the effects of frame moment, straightening deformation (block gap position), and interface friction. It is indicated that the center section is subjected to a uniaxial, uniform stress state. Subsequently, the r values and stress–strain curves of aluminum alloy (AA6061) tubes were obtained in their 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° directions using the IRTT. The r values increase first and then decrease from 0° to 90°, and are all less than 1, reflecting the normal and in-plane anisotropy of flow. The hardening curve in the 0° direction is the lowest, while that in the 90° direction is the highest, and the curves in the other directions lie between them. Ultimately, the effectiveness of these measured parameters was demonstrated for enhancing the prediction accuracy of the constitutive model and FEA. The constitutive model calibrated by r0, r90, and r45 has higher prediction accuracy for the flow behavior under the general plane stress than the model calibrated by r0 and r90 (reducing error from 14.7% to 5.3%). The prediction error of the load–displacement curves is reduced from 4.4% to 1.7% when the measured stress–strain curves in the 45°, 75°, and 90° directions are used as input to FEA.
{"title":"Accurate measurement method for anisotropic parameters of metal tubes in arbitrary directions","authors":"Qianxi Sun , Xiao-Lei Cui , Shijie Yin , Shijian Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The anisotropic parameters of metal tubes are of great significance for calibrating the constitutive model and achieving the high-accuracy simulation of forming thin-walled tubular parts. In this paper, a new method of inclined ring tensile test (IRTT) based on digital image correlation (DIC) technology was established to determine the normal anisotropy coefficients (<em>r</em> values) and stress–strain curves of thin-walled metal tubes in arbitrary directions. The method utilizes blocks with asymmetric geometry to support the parallel segment, thereby avoiding straightening deformation. Meanwhile, a precise calculation formula for the tensile stress in the center section was derived, taking friction into account. Furthermore, finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to investigate the uniformity of tensile stress and the effects of frame moment, straightening deformation (block gap position), and interface friction. It is indicated that the center section is subjected to a uniaxial, uniform stress state. Subsequently, the <em>r</em> values and stress–strain curves of aluminum alloy (AA6061) tubes were obtained in their 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° directions using the IRTT. The <em>r</em> values increase first and then decrease from 0° to 90°, and are all less than 1, reflecting the normal and in-plane anisotropy of flow. The hardening curve in the 0° direction is the lowest, while that in the 90° direction is the highest, and the curves in the other directions lie between them. Ultimately, the effectiveness of these measured parameters was demonstrated for enhancing the prediction accuracy of the constitutive model and FEA. The constitutive model calibrated by <em>r</em><sub>0</sub>, <em>r</em><sub>90</sub>, and <em>r</em><sub>45</sub> has higher prediction accuracy for the flow behavior under the general plane stress than the model calibrated by <em>r</em><sub>0</sub> and <em>r</em><sub>90</sub> (reducing error from 14.7% to 5.3%). The prediction error of the load–displacement curves is reduced from 4.4% to 1.7% when the measured stress–strain curves in the 45°, 75°, and 90° directions are used as input to FEA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 113847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113841
Xinlei Peng , Liguo Zang , Jing Sun , Guoquan Yang , Fen Lin , Yaoji Deng , Haichao Zhou
This paper introduces a ring design theory for a two dimensional double-U honeycomb (2D DUH) structure, applied to the structural design of inserts body for the inserts supporting run-flat tire (ISRFT). The objective is to reduce the overall mass of ISRFTs without compromising their mechanical characteristics. Firstly, finite element modeling is performed on the ISRFT, with model accuracy validated through tire bench test. Then, the ring design theory for 2D DUH structures is applied to the inserts body, comparing its mechanical characteristics before and after design. Finally, a steady-state temperature field is established for the ISRFT, and the tire’s deflation process is discretized to investigate changes in the thermo-mechanical characteristics of the inserts body during deflation. The results indicate that test errors are minimal, the model demonstrates accuracy, and the mechanical characteristics of the 2D DUH inserts body remain unaffected by mass reduction. Furthermore, during deflation, when tire pressure drops to 6 kPa, the load-bearing mechanism of the ISRFT undergoes a transformation, and the thermo-mechanical characteristics of the 2D DUH inserts body change. The research findings provide valuable insights for designing high-performance 2D DUH structures, revealing their significant potential for engineering applications.
{"title":"Structural design of inserts supporting run-flat tires and thermo-mechanical characteristics study of discretized deflation process","authors":"Xinlei Peng , Liguo Zang , Jing Sun , Guoquan Yang , Fen Lin , Yaoji Deng , Haichao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a ring design theory for a two dimensional double-U honeycomb (2D DUH) structure, applied to the structural design of inserts body for the inserts supporting run-flat tire (ISRFT). The objective is to reduce the overall mass of ISRFTs without compromising their mechanical characteristics. Firstly, finite element modeling is performed on the ISRFT, with model accuracy validated through tire bench test. Then, the ring design theory for 2D DUH structures is applied to the inserts body, comparing its mechanical characteristics before and after design. Finally, a steady-state temperature field is established for the ISRFT, and the tire’s deflation process is discretized to investigate changes in the thermo-mechanical characteristics of the inserts body during deflation. The results indicate that test errors are minimal, the model demonstrates accuracy, and the mechanical characteristics of the 2D DUH inserts body remain unaffected by mass reduction. Furthermore, during deflation, when tire pressure drops to 6 kPa, the load-bearing mechanism of the ISRFT undergoes a transformation, and the thermo-mechanical characteristics of the 2D DUH inserts body change. The research findings provide valuable insights for designing high-performance 2D DUH structures, revealing their significant potential for engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 113841"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113831
Peidong Li , Guanlin Lv , Weidong Li , Haidong Fan , Qingyuan Wang , Kun Zhou
Solid-state batteries (SSBs) exhibit excellent electrochemical performance in terms of high energy density and safety as compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries due to their solid-state electrolytes paired with a lithium metal electrode. However, the performance of SSBs degrades during charging and discharging cycles, and the degradation mechanisms remain elusive due to the complex multi-physics behaviors of SSBs. In this work, a fully coupled, thermodynamically consistent electro-chemo-thermo-mechanical model is developed within the phase-field framework to investigate the failure mechanisms of SSBs, focusing on fractures induced by multi-physics loading. The multi-physics phase-field model consists of the electrochemical transport equation for Li-ions, the Poisson equation for electric fields, the heat conduction equation for temperature evolution, the equilibrium equations for materials undergoing large deformations, the Butler–Volmer kinetics for electrode–electrolyte interfaces, and the phase-field equation for fracture evolution. The model also incorporates a tension–compression decomposition of finite strain energy and a temperature- and concentration-dependent fracture toughness. Simulation results reveal several typical failure patterns in SSBs, including intra-particle cracking in electrodes, through-thickness fracture of solid electrolytes, and interfacial delamination at electrode/electrolyte interfaces, all of which are strongly regulated by the interplay of electrochemical cycling, Joule heating, and chemo-mechanical swelling. These findings highlight the dominant role of electro-chemo-thermo-mechanical couplings in triggering fracture and provide quantitative insights into the degradation pathways of SSBs. The developed model provides a comprehensive multiphysics framework to guide the optimization of battery materials, reduce failure risks in SSBs, and improve their electrochemical performance.
{"title":"Fully coupled electro-chemo-thermo-mechanical phase-field fracture modeling for solid-state batteries","authors":"Peidong Li , Guanlin Lv , Weidong Li , Haidong Fan , Qingyuan Wang , Kun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid-state batteries (SSBs) exhibit excellent electrochemical performance in terms of high energy density and safety as compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries due to their solid-state electrolytes paired with a lithium metal electrode. However, the performance of SSBs degrades during charging and discharging cycles, and the degradation mechanisms remain elusive due to the complex multi-physics behaviors of SSBs. In this work, a fully coupled, thermodynamically consistent electro-chemo-thermo-mechanical model is developed within the phase-field framework to investigate the failure mechanisms of SSBs, focusing on fractures induced by multi-physics loading. The multi-physics phase-field model consists of the electrochemical transport equation for Li-ions, the Poisson equation for electric fields, the heat conduction equation for temperature evolution, the equilibrium equations for materials undergoing large deformations, the Butler–Volmer kinetics for electrode–electrolyte interfaces, and the phase-field equation for fracture evolution. The model also incorporates a tension–compression decomposition of finite strain energy and a temperature- and concentration-dependent fracture toughness. Simulation results reveal several typical failure patterns in SSBs, including intra-particle cracking in electrodes, through-thickness fracture of solid electrolytes, and interfacial delamination at electrode/electrolyte interfaces, all of which are strongly regulated by the interplay of electrochemical cycling, Joule heating, and chemo-mechanical swelling. These findings highlight the dominant role of electro-chemo-thermo-mechanical couplings in triggering fracture and provide quantitative insights into the degradation pathways of SSBs. The developed model provides a comprehensive multiphysics framework to guide the optimization of battery materials, reduce failure risks in SSBs, and improve their electrochemical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 113831"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113830
Xin Song , Ning Han , Huiping Qi , Yong Hu , Wen Yang , Zhenjiang Li , Zhengyi Jiang , Lu Jia
In this study, a multi-scale damage analysis method coupling an improved GTN and Cohesive Zone Model is developed. The Precise and efficient inversion of model parameters was achieved through a differential evolution algorithm. The reconstructed microstructure via image recognition is introduced into finite element simulations, and the damage evolution patterns in duplex titanium alloys during thread rolling are studied. The results show that the established model accurately reproduces both the macroscopic mechanical response and microcrack propagation. Further predictions indicate that damage concentration occurs predominantly at the thread root regions. The microcrack initiation at α/β phase interfaces and loss of deformation coordination. The study provides a framework linking microstructural mechanisms to macroscopic performance, enabling precise prediction and control of damage during titanium alloy plastic deformation processes.
{"title":"Study on the damage mechanism of titanium alloy threads during roll forming based on a machine learning-assisted multi-scale damage model","authors":"Xin Song , Ning Han , Huiping Qi , Yong Hu , Wen Yang , Zhenjiang Li , Zhengyi Jiang , Lu Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2026.113830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a multi-scale damage analysis method coupling an improved GTN and Cohesive Zone Model is developed. The Precise and efficient inversion of model parameters was achieved through a differential evolution algorithm. The reconstructed microstructure via image recognition is introduced into finite element simulations, and the damage evolution patterns in duplex titanium alloys during thread rolling are studied. The results show that the established model accurately reproduces both the macroscopic mechanical response and microcrack propagation. Further predictions indicate that damage concentration occurs predominantly at the thread root regions. The microcrack initiation at α/β phase interfaces and loss of deformation coordination. The study provides a framework linking microstructural mechanisms to macroscopic performance, enabling precise prediction and control of damage during titanium alloy plastic deformation processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 113830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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