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Effect of organic amendments on the nutritional value of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.) 有机添加剂对平菇营养价值的影响
Pub Date : 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.15740/has/ijpp/13.2/180-186
Julie I. Elizabeth, T. Paul
Popularity of oyster mushroom is increasing because of its ease of cultivation, high yield potential as well as its unique nutritional value. Study with oyster mushrooms viz., Pleurotus florida, P. sajorcaju, P. eous, P. tuber-regium and Hypsizygus ulmarius revealed that the nutritional value of these mushrooms can be increased significantly when grown on paddy straw supplemented with organic amendments such as rice bran, neem cake, dry azolla, vermiwash and dry biogas slurry. In addition to increased yield, the organic supplements significantly increase thecrude protein, total free aminoacid, total carbohydrate and nutrients like N,P and K in oyster mushrooms. Nutrient content of the mushrooms varied with different concentrations of organic amendments used. In P. florida, H. ulmarius and P.tuber-regium paddy straw amended with dry azolla gave higher amount of crude protein content (35.4, 35.3 and 34.9, respectively). Paddy straw amended with dry azolla at 4 per cent, 6 per cent and 5 per cent, respectively recorded the maximum total free aminoacid in P. florida (0.6%), P. sajor-caju (0.43%) and H. ulmarius (0.56%). The major nutrient elements like N, P and K content also increased with addition of organic amendments.Thus, it is concluded from the study that supplementation of rice straw with rice bran, Neem cake, dry azolla, vermiwash and dry biogas slurry has strong impact in improving the crude protein, total free aminoacid, total carbohydrate and essential mineral nutrients such as N, P and Kcontent of oyster mushrooms.
平菇因其易于栽培、高产潜力和独特的营养价值而日益受到人们的青睐。以平菇、福罗达平菇、黄皮平菇、黄皮平菇、块茎平菇和绿皮平菇为研究对象,在稻秆上添加米糠、楝树饼、干绿豆、蚯蚓洗和干沼液等有机改进剂,可显著提高平菇的营养价值。在提高产量的同时,有机添加量显著提高了平菇粗蛋白质、总游离氨基酸、总碳水化合物和氮、磷、钾等营养物质含量。不同浓度的有机改良剂对蘑菇的营养成分有不同的影响。在佛罗里达稻属中,加干杜鹃花的水田秸秆粗蛋白质含量较高,分别为35.4、35.3和34.9。水稻秸秆添加4%、6%和5%的干杜鹃后,佛罗里达稻(0.6%)、沙稻(0.43%)和黄稻(0.56%)的总游离氨基酸含量最高。氮、磷、钾等主要营养元素含量也随有机改进剂的添加而增加。由此可见,在稻秆中添加米糠、印楝饼、干绿豆、蚯蚓洗和干沼液,对提高平菇粗蛋白质、总游离氨基酸、总碳水化合物和N、P、k等必需矿质营养素含量有较强的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Variability in pathological characters in Gloeocercospora sorghi isolates from sorghum 高粱gloeococospora sorghi分离株病理性状的变异
Pub Date : 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.15740/has/ijpp/13.2/148-155
Mamta, Y. Singh
Zonate leaf spot caused by Gloeocercospora sorghi Bain and Edgerton (1943) is one of the most destructive diseases of sorghum in India and Uttarakhand is considered as a hot spot for this disease. The present investigation was carried out to record the pathogenic variability of thirty isolates of Gloeocercospora sorghi on five different lines of sorghum. The G. sorghi isolates differed significantly from each other on the basis of pathological attributes viz., latent period, aggressiveness and virulence index and thus, grouped into three virulence categories. The findings suggest that analysis of variance for latent, aggressiveness, per cent disease intensity (PDI) and virulence index showed that the variations in latent period and virulence disease reaction were attributed more to the isolates and aggressiveness to the host lines than to the isolate × host line interactions.
由Gloeocercospora sorghi Bain and Edgerton(1943)引起的带状叶斑病是印度高粱最具破坏性的病害之一,北阿坎德邦被认为是该病害的高发地区。本研究记录了30株高粱Gloeocercospora sorghi在5个不同高粱品系上的致病变异。根据病原菌的潜伏期、侵袭性和毒力指数等病理属性,不同菌株间存在显著差异,可分为三种毒力类型。结果表明,对潜伏期、侵袭性、疾病强度百分比(PDI)和毒力指数的方差分析表明,潜伏期和毒力疾病反应的变化更多地归因于分离株和宿主系的侵袭性,而不是分离株与宿主系的相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Pathophysiology of Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Dianthi in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) 石竹(Dianthus caryophyllus L.)尖孢镰刀菌的病理生理
Pub Date : 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.15740/has/ijpp/13.2/138-142
P. Mahalakshmi
The bio-chemical changes occurred in the carnation after inoculation with F. oxysporum f.sp. dianthi was studied under in vitro. Carnation plants inoculated with fourteen isolates of F.oxysporum f.sp.dianthi and monitored for their ability to production of fungal pectin-degrading enzymes viz., Pectin Methyl Esterase (PME), Polygalacturonase (PG) and Pectin Trans Eliminase (PTE) involved in development of disease symptoms. Production of pectinolytic enzymes in carnation plants were assessed from 2 days up to 8 days after inoculation at 48h intervals. The accumulation of these enzymes increased in two days after inoculation and attained a peak at six days after inoculation and slowly declined thereafter in all the inoculated plants. Among the fourteen isolates, YRPFOD2 had maximum ability to increase the activity of pectinolytic enzymes viz., Pectin Methyl Esterase (0.49 μ mole hydrogen ion / min / ml), Polygalacturonase (16.11% reduction in viscosity) and Pectin Trans Eliminase (57.59 % reduction in viscosity) after six days of inoculation in infected plants.
接种尖孢镰刀菌后,康乃馨的生化发生了变化。对地安提进行了体外研究。用14株香石竹菌接种香石竹植株,监测其产生真菌果胶降解酶的能力,即参与疾病症状发展的果胶甲基酯酶(PME)、聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)和果胶反式消除酶(PTE)。在接种后的第2天至第8天,每隔48小时对康乃馨植株果胶溶酶的产生进行评估。这些酶的积累在接种后2 d内增加,在接种后6 d达到高峰,随后缓慢下降。在14个分离株中,YRPFOD2在接种6天后对果胶降解酶(果胶甲基酯酶(0.49 μ mol氢离子/ min / ml)、聚半乳糖醛酸酶(黏度降低16.11%)和果胶反式消除酶(黏度降低57.59%)的活性提高最大。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of technological gap and performance of management of common scab of potato 马铃薯普通赤霉病治理技术差距评价与效果评价
Pub Date : 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.15740/has/ijpp/13.2/143-147
L. P. Balai, D. Sharma, N. Singh, S. Meena
Common scab (Streptomyces scabies) disease of potato is becoming prominent in many potato-growing districts of Rajasthan resulting in economic losses, since a decade. The experiment was executed out to assess the technological gap and performance of management approaches. Potato tubers of cultivar Kufri Bahar was treated with 3.0 per cent boric acid before planting (spray) for the duration of time 30 min and evaluated against the pathogen. This experiment was conducted as on farm trials (OFT) at different villages likewise Phoospura, Naurangabad, Moosalpur, Saktpur and Sarkankhera in Dholpur district for two years (2017-18 to 2018-19). As a result of this experiment treated tuber plants registered the lowest disease incidence (10.6%) and disease control (75.05) as compared to existing farmer practices (FP). The adoption of demonstrated technology was improved potato production and plant protection measures. The OFT was effective in changing the attitude, skill and knowledge of plant protection approach. Potato yield also increased upto 10.37 per cent as compared to the existing FP. Results indicates that plant protection approach increased the net income by Rs. 80580/- ha over the existing FP. It is suggested to organize demonstrations at farmers field on technology assessed through OFT by agriculture department for minimizing the technological gap and increased yield of quality potato.
10年来,马铃薯常见的疥疮(疥疮链霉菌)病在拉贾斯坦邦的许多马铃薯种植区日益突出,造成经济损失。该实验是为了评估管理方法的技术差距和绩效。将Kufri Bahar马铃薯块茎在种植前(喷雾)用3.0%硼酸处理30分钟,并评价其对病原菌的抗性。该实验在Dholpur地区的不同村庄进行了为期两年(2017-18至2018-19)的农场试验(OFT),同样是phospura, Naurangabad, Moosalpur, Saktpur和Sarkankhera。结果表明,与现有的农民做法(FP)相比,经本试验处理的块茎植物的发病率(10.6%)和防病率(75.5%)最低。采用示范技术改进了马铃薯生产和植物保护措施。OFT在改变植物保护方法的态度、技能和知识方面是有效的。马铃薯产量也比现有的FP提高了10.37%。结果表明,植保方式比现有的植保方式增加了80580卢比/公顷的净收入。建议在农民田间组织农业部门通过OFT评估的技术示范,以缩小技术差距,提高优质马铃薯产量。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of technological gap and performance of low yield of tomato due to fruit borer 果螟致番茄低产的技术差距及性能评价
Pub Date : 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.15740/has/ijpp/13.2/166-170
L. P. Balai, Dheeraj K Singh, M. Meena
The experiment was carried out to evaluation of technological gap and performance of integrated pest management (IPM) come upto as a resistant variety, tap crop as marigold line, bio pesticides as Ha NPV, chemical spray as sucking pest Dimethoate at before flowering time and borer managemant as Acephate fruiting time of tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera pest under field condition. This experiment was conducted on farmer trials (OFT) at different villages likewise Hemawas, Sandeyo Ki Dhani and Baldo Ki Dhani in Pali district (Rajasthan) during period of three year (2015 to 2017). During this experiment pest infestation of fruit borer was observed to be lowest (Pest infestation 12.0%) when, resistant variety Heemsohna, tap crop use African marigold, tomato line ratio 2:14, Ha NPV 250 LE @ 0.4 ml/lit of water at 30 DAP and 45 DAP Dimethoate 0.5 ml/ lit at before flowering time and Acephate 0.5 g/lit at 45 fruiting time. Maximum infestation pest damage (44.00%) was observed when traditional farmers practice (FP). The adoption of recommended improved tomato production technology and plant protection measures was poor. The main objective of the OFT was to conduct extent of technological gap between recommended and actually adopted tomato technologies by the tomato growers from Pali district. It is suggest organising result OFT and field visits for minimizing technological gap by agriculture department. The OFT was effective in changing attitude, skill and knowledge of IPM approach and tomato fruit yield increased upto 57.52 per cent more over the traditional FP. Results indicates that IPM approach increased net income by Rs. 1,74,781/-ha over FP.
在田间条件下,对番茄果螟、棉铃虫进行了以抗性品种为主、以抽头作物为万金菊系、以生物农药为Ha NPV、以花期前吸虫乐果为化学喷雾、以甲胺磷为结虫期管理的综合防治技术差距和效果评价。该实验是在巴利地区(拉贾斯坦邦)的不同村庄进行的农民试验(OFT),同样是Hemawas, Sandeyo Ki Dhani和Baldo Ki Dhani,为期三年(2015年至2017年)。在本试验中,观察到抗性品种海葵,抽头作物采用非洲万金菊,番茄株系比为2:14,开花前施用250 LE @ 0.4 ml/支水,开花前施用45 DAP乐果果0.5 ml/支,开花后45 mg /支乙酰甲胺磷0.5 g/支时,果实螟虫侵染率最低(12.0%)。传统农作方式(FP)虫害危害最大(44.00%)。推荐的改良番茄生产技术和植物保护措施的采用情况较差。OFT的主要目标是调查巴利地区番茄种植者推荐的番茄技术和实际采用的番茄技术之间的技术差距。建议农业部门组织成果评估和实地考察,以缩小技术差距。OFT有效地改变了人们对IPM方法的态度、技能和知识,番茄产量比传统的FP提高了57.52%。结果表明,IPM方法比FP方法增加净收入174781卢比/公顷。
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引用次数: 0
Association of biochemical constituents with anthracnose resistance in chilli 辣椒生物化学成分与炭疽病抗性的关系
Pub Date : 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.15740/has/ijpp/13.2/131-137
K. Arjun, T. Arumugam, M. Karthikeyan, H. Devi, S. Mohankumar
Colletotrichum species is considered as amajor fungal pathogen that can cause economic damage in commercial chilli production because of its ability to infect fruits both at pre- and post-harvest stages. Results obtained from the Fourier transform near-infrared spectrophotometer in chilli genotypes indicated that, there is a significant difference among the chilli genotypes for both quantitative and qualitative traits. Furthermore, capsaicin and oleoresin contents have a significant linear relationship with resistance to anthracnose at red fruit stage. Incidentally, chilli genotypes that are moderately resistant to anthracnose were significantly superior in capsaicin and oleoresin contents and fruit yield. Hence, capsaicin and oleoresin content can be used as an indirect method to predict anthracnose resistance in chilli breeding.
炭疽病菌在收获前和收获后都能侵染果实,被认为是造成商品辣椒生产经济损失的主要真菌病原体。用傅立叶变换近红外分光光度计对辣椒基因型进行分析,结果表明,不同辣椒基因型在数量和质量性状上存在显著差异。红果期辣椒素和油树脂含量与抗炭疽病呈显著的线性关系。同时,对炭疽病具有中等抗性的辣椒基因型在辣椒素、油树脂含量和果实产量方面具有显著优势。因此,辣椒素和油树脂含量可作为预测辣椒品种抗炭疽病能力的间接指标。
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引用次数: 0
Management of powdery mildew of cluster bean through fungi toxicants 利用真菌毒素防治丛豆白粉病
Pub Date : 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.15740/has/ijpp/13.2/207-210
A. Sataraddi, J. S. Hilli
Leveillula taurica causes severe powdery mildew on all aerial parts of cluster bean plant. The objective of the present work was to identify potential methods for managing cluster bean powdery mildew through fungicides. Field trials were conducted during Kharif 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the efficacy fungicides. Nine systemic fungicides were tested both under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions against cluster bean powdery mildew disease. In vitro evaluation of fungicides revealed that complete inhibition of conidial germination was observed in all systemic fungicides at 0.1 per cent concentration. However, under field conditions, penconazole at 0.05 per cent was found to be best fungicide which recorded least incidence 3.66 per cent followed by hexaconazole (5.83%) and propiconazole (6.83%).
牛头扁豆会在集束豆的所有地上部分造成严重的白粉病。本工作的目的是确定通过杀菌剂管理集束豆白粉病的潜在方法。在2019年和2020年哈里夫期间进行了田间试验,以评估杀菌剂的效果。在体外和体内条件下,对9种系统杀菌剂对集束豆白粉病进行了试验。体外对杀菌剂的评价表明,所有系统杀菌剂在0.1%浓度下均能完全抑制分生孢子的萌发。在田间条件下,戊康唑的杀菌剂用量为0.05%,杀菌剂效果最好,杀菌剂发生率最低,为3.66%,其次为六康唑(5.83%)和丙环唑(6.83%)。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of pesticide residues in table grapes by using gas and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry 气液相色谱-质谱联用法测定鲜食葡萄中农药残留
Pub Date : 2020-04-15 DOI: 10.15740/has/ijpp/13.1/50-57
S. Yadav, B. Singh, R. Pandey, A. Singh, M. Mishra, S. Singh
{"title":"Estimation of pesticide residues in table grapes by using gas and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry","authors":"S. Yadav, B. Singh, R. Pandey, A. Singh, M. Mishra, S. Singh","doi":"10.15740/has/ijpp/13.1/50-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/ijpp/13.1/50-57","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Protection","volume":"33 1","pages":"50-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77638514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Seasonal incidence of the sucking pest and lady bird beetle on Bt cotton Bt棉吸虫和瓢虫的季节发病率
Pub Date : 2020-04-15 DOI: 10.15740/has/ijpp/13.1/9-13
Rohini Khedkar, G. Kabré
{"title":"Seasonal incidence of the sucking pest and lady bird beetle on Bt cotton","authors":"Rohini Khedkar, G. Kabré","doi":"10.15740/has/ijpp/13.1/9-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/ijpp/13.1/9-13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Protection","volume":"33 1","pages":"9-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84403619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Economically important dipteran species biodiversity in South Tripura district of Tripura 特里普拉邦南部地区具有重要经济意义的双翅目物种多样性
Pub Date : 2020-04-15 DOI: 10.15740/has/ijpp/13.1/71-75
D. Sharmah, A. Khound, S. Rahman
{"title":"Economically important dipteran species biodiversity in South Tripura district of Tripura","authors":"D. Sharmah, A. Khound, S. Rahman","doi":"10.15740/has/ijpp/13.1/71-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/ijpp/13.1/71-75","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Protection","volume":"6 1","pages":"71-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84126902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Plant Protection
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