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Experimental and Numerical Investigation for Mechanical Ventilated Greenhouse (Comparison between Different Turbulence Models) 机械通风温室的实验与数值研究(不同湍流模型的比较)
Pub Date : 2018-12-29 DOI: 10.26417/ejef.v2i3.p107-115
A. Newir, M. A. Ibrahim
Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in agriculture field especially in designing greenhouses is becoming ever more important to reduce the energy consumption, wherefore a comparison between the experimental and numerical results increasing the credibility of theoretical studies and therefore depending on it. Forced ventilation greenhouse has been used in even span greenhouse to study the experimental measurements of temperature distribution in summer rush hours, the experiment has been performed in October 6 University, Giza, Egypt. More than one turbulence models (Standard K-ε, RNG K- ε, Reynolds Stress Model (RSM), Transition Shear-Stress Transport (SST), Standard K-ω and K-KL-ω) are used for the (CFD) numerical study implemented for comparison between the experimental and numerical measurements. After this study can get that SST turbulence model is the most efficient numerical solution for this case, a good qualitative and quantitative agreement found between the numerical results and the experimental measurements.
计算流体力学(CFD)在农业领域特别是温室设计中的应用对于降低温室能耗变得越来越重要,因此,将实验结果与数值结果进行比较提高了理论研究的可信度,从而依赖于理论研究。在埃及吉萨大学的10月6日,将强制通风温室应用于均匀跨度温室,研究了夏季高峰时段温度分布的实验测量。本文采用了多种湍流模型(标准K-ε、RNG K-ε、雷诺应力模型(RSM)、过渡剪切应力输运模型(SST)、标准K-ω和K- kl -ω)进行CFD数值研究,以比较实验和数值测量结果。经过研究可以得出海温湍流模型是这种情况下最有效的数值解,数值结果与实验测量结果在定性和定量上都有很好的一致性。
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引用次数: 0
Virtual Learning Environments Practices, in the students of System Engineering of the Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico, Campus Mexicali 虚拟学习环境实践,墨西哥国立理工大学系统工程专业学生,墨西卡利校区
Pub Date : 2018-12-29 DOI: 10.26417/ejef.v2i3.p63-65
Jesús Francisco Gutiérrez Ocampo, Corina Araceli Ortiz Perez, M. Camaño
The virtual learning environment is not just about taking a course and placing it on a computer, it deals with a combination of resources, interactivity, support and activities of structured learning. To carry out this process it is necessary to know the possibilities and limitations that the computer support or virtual platform offers us, so that the students achieve their study objective more adequately, for that reason its use is studied in the students of computer systems engineering career of the Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico, Campus Mexicali.
虚拟学习环境不仅仅是学习一门课程并将其放在计算机上,它处理的是资源、互动性、支持和结构化学习活动的组合。为了进行这一过程,有必要了解计算机支持或虚拟平台为我们提供的可能性和局限性,以便学生更充分地实现他们的学习目标,因此在墨西哥国立理工大学墨西卡利校区的计算机系统工程专业的学生中研究了它的使用。
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引用次数: 0
Eigenfrequency and Euler's Critical Load Evaluation of Transversely Cracked Beams with a Linear Variation of Widths 宽度线性变化的横向裂纹梁的特征频率和欧拉临界荷载评价
Pub Date : 2018-12-29 DOI: 10.26417/ejef.v2i3.p116-125
M. Skrinar
For a truthful evaluation of the mechanical response of structures reliable and adequate computational models are essential. Consequently, various researches have been devoted to the mathematical representation of cracked structures. This paper studies the performance of the simplified crack model in estimations of fundamental eigenfrequency as well as elastic Euler's critical load for transversely cracked beams of rectangular cross-sections with linearly-varying widths. To obtain these solutions for different beams with diverse boundary conditions Rayleigh’s energy method which requires an assumed transverse displacement function can be applied. After the appropriate displacement function is being selected, kinetic and strain energy, as well as the work done by an external axial compressive force P are evaluated. From these values, the estimations of the fundamental eigenfrequency, as well as the critical load, are assessed. To obtain these preliminary estimates, static deflection functions were applied initially. These functions represent a wide group of suitable functions since they automatically satisfy the required kinematic boundary conditions. Afterwards, alternative functions constructed from a dedicated polynomial solution were applied. Since this mathematical form offers straightforward integration, the genuinely applied displacement functions were further upgraded, separately for eigenfrequency as well as for critical load estimation. All obtained simplified model’s solutions were afterwards compared to the results from equivalent and more detailed 3D finite models of the examined structures. The comparisons of the results demonstrated very fine agreements with the results from 3D FE models for all performed analyses. The considered simplified model thus clearly yields a suitable alternative in modelling of cracked beams with a linear variation of width in those situations, where cracks have to be considered within the analysis.
为了真实地评估结构的力学响应,可靠和适当的计算模型是必不可少的。因此,各种研究都致力于裂缝结构的数学表示。本文研究了简化裂纹模型在估计线性变宽矩形截面横裂梁的基本特征频率和弹性欧拉临界荷载方面的性能。对于具有不同边界条件的不同梁,可以采用Rayleigh能量法求解,该方法需要假定横向位移函数。选择合适的位移函数后,求出动应变能,以及外轴向压缩力P所做的功。从这些值,估计的基本特征频率,以及临界负荷,进行评估。为了获得这些初步估计,最初应用了静态挠度函数。这些函数代表了一组广泛的合适的函数,因为它们自动满足所需的运动边界条件。然后,应用由专用多项式解构造的替代函数。由于这种数学形式提供了直接的积分,因此真正应用的位移函数被进一步升级,分别用于特征频率和临界载荷估计。所有得到的简化模型解随后与等效的和更详细的三维有限模型的结果进行了比较。结果的比较表明,与所有执行分析的三维有限元模型的结果非常吻合。因此,考虑的简化模型清楚地产生了一个合适的替代方案,在这些情况下,裂缝必须在分析中考虑宽度线性变化的裂缝梁的建模。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Dimensional Variations of Precision Gear Forging Die Geometry Due to Shrink Fit 精密齿轮锻模收缩配合尺寸变化分析
Pub Date : 2018-12-29 DOI: 10.26417/ejef.v2i3.p87-95
O. Eyercioglu
The usual way to shrink fit design for precision forging dies are made by thick wall cylinder approach; i.e., taking the pitch diameter of the gear as bore diameter of the die insert without considering gear tooth shape. However, the compressive pre-stress due to the shrink fitting causes dimensional variations on the gear profile of the die insert. The dimensional accuracy of the final product is dependent on the accuracy of the gear die. Therefore, the dimensional variations due to shrink fit must be pre-determined and the gear tooth profile on the die insert modified accordingly. In this study, the dimensional variations of the precision spur gear forging die because of shrink fitting are analyzed by finite element method and the results are compared with the experimental ones. The results show that the FE model is successful to simulate the cylindrical die and agree well with thick wall cylinder approach and the experimental measurements. However, both the experimental measurements and the finite element results of gear die predict much higher radial displacements than the results of cylindrical die. Therefore, the determination of shape change of the gear die profile is beyond the capability of the thick wall cylindrical approach.
精密锻模收缩配合设计的常用方法是采用厚壁圆筒法;即,取齿轮的节径作为插模的孔径,而不考虑齿轮的齿形。然而,压缩预应力由于收缩拟合导致尺寸变化的齿轮轮廓的插齿。最终产品的尺寸精度取决于齿轮模具的精度。因此,由于收缩配合的尺寸变化必须预先确定和齿轮齿廓上的插模修改相应。本文采用有限元方法分析了精密直齿轮锻模因收缩配合而产生的尺寸变化,并与实验结果进行了比较。结果表明,所建立的有限元模型能够很好地模拟圆柱模具,与厚壁圆柱方法和实验结果吻合较好。然而,齿轮模具的实验测量和有限元结果预测的径向位移比圆柱模具的结果高得多。因此,确定齿轮模具轮廓的形状变化超出了厚壁圆柱法的能力。
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引用次数: 2
Study on Urban Sustainable Restructuring of Leinefelde, Germany and Revealing the Important Strategies for Environmental Well-Being for Shrinking Cities 德国Leinefelde城市可持续结构调整及其对萎缩城市环境福祉的启示
Pub Date : 2018-12-29 DOI: 10.26417/ejef.v2i3.p76-85
Sri Charan
Why habitat Mars when you can make earth livable. Demographic change led to the shrinking of the city and also aging native population were big problems in leinefelde. Sustainable urban structures, housing affordability and availability was a big criteria. The political and economic change in the eastern Germany after reunification in 1989, anticipated and intensified the problems. By 1993 municipality realized that it should develop strategies and policies to stop the breakdown of economic and political breakdown of the city. As a result of the actions taken, leinefelde has become successful transformation of shrinking cities in the world. This research paper finds the problems led to shrinking of the city and then focuses on the different parameters and strategies like project context, social aspects, environmental aspects, economic aspects, organizational aspects, sustainable aspects that were carried out in order to have a successful transformation of leinefelde. And finally list down the key indicator for project being successful as a conclusion.
既然可以让地球适宜居住,为什么还要在火星上定居呢?人口结构的变化导致了城市的萎缩,以及当地人口的老龄化是莱因费尔德的大问题。可持续的城市结构、住房的可负担性和可用性是一个重要的标准。1989年两德统一后,东德的政治和经济变化预见并加剧了这些问题。到1993年,市政府意识到它应该制定战略和政策来阻止城市的经济和政治崩溃。由于所采取的行动,莱因费尔德已成为世界上萎缩城市的成功转型。这篇研究论文发现了导致城市萎缩的问题,然后关注了不同的参数和策略,如项目背景、社会方面、环境方面、经济方面、组织方面、可持续方面,这些都是为了成功改造leinefelde而进行的。最后列出项目成功的关键指标作为结论。
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引用次数: 1
Anomaly-Based Intrusion Detection: Feature Selection and Normalization Influence to the Machine Learning Models Accuracy 基于异常的入侵检测:特征选择和归一化对机器学习模型精度的影响
Pub Date : 2018-12-29 DOI: 10.26417/ejef.v2i3.p101-106
D. Protić, M. Stankovic
Anomaly-based intrusion detection system detects intrusion to the computer network based on a reference model that has to be able to identify its normal behavior and flag what is not normal. In this process network traffic is classified into two groups by adding different labels to normal and malicious behavior. Main disadvantage of anomaly-based intrusion detection system is necessity to learn the difference between normal and not normal. Another disadvantage is the complexity of datasets which simulate realistic network traffic. Feature selection and normalization can be used to reduce data complexity and decrease processing runtime by selecting a better feature space This paper presents the results of testing the influence of feature selection and instances normalization to the classification performances of k-nearest neighbor, weighted k-nearest neighbor, support vector machines and decision tree models on 10 days records of the Kyoto 2006+ dataset. The data was pre-processed to remove all categorical features from the dataset. The resulting subset contained 17 features. Features containing instances which could not be normalized into the range [-1, 1] have also been removed. The resulting subset consisted of nine features. The feature ‘Label’ categorized network traffic to two classes: normal (1) and malicious (0). The performance metric to evaluate models was accuracy. Proposed method resulted in very high accuracy values with Decision Tree giving highest values for not-normalized and with k-nearest neighbor giving highest values for normalized data.Keywords: feature selection, normalization, k-NN, weighted k-NN, SVM, decision tree, Kyoto 2006+
基于异常的入侵检测系统是基于一个参考模型来检测对计算机网络的入侵,该模型必须能够识别其正常行为并标记异常行为。在此过程中,通过对正常和恶意行为添加不同的标签,将网络流量分为两组。基于异常的入侵检测系统的主要缺点是需要学习正常和不正常的区别。另一个缺点是模拟真实网络流量的数据集的复杂性。特征选择和归一化可以通过选择更好的特征空间来降低数据复杂度和减少处理运行时间。本文给出了在京都2006+数据集的10天记录上测试特征选择和实例归一化对k近邻、加权k近邻、支持向量机和决策树模型分类性能的影响的结果。对数据进行预处理,去除数据集中的所有分类特征。结果子集包含17个特性。包含不能归一化为[- 1,1]范围的实例的特征也被删除了。结果子集由9个特征组成。特征“Label”将网络流量分为两类:正常(1)和恶意(0)。评估模型的性能指标是准确性。所提出的方法产生了非常高的精度值,决策树给出了非规范化数据的最高值,k近邻给出了规范化数据的最高值。关键词:特征选择,归一化,k-NN,加权k-NN,支持向量机,决策树,京都2006+
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引用次数: 9
Performance Analysis of Coded Frequency Division Multiplexing 编码频分复用的性能分析
Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ejef-2018-0017
M. Farhan
Abstract This paper studies the performance of coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system using two modulation techniques, quadrature phase shift keying(QPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM). The convolutional code is used as error-correcting-code. The communication channel used is vehicular channel. Simulation results show that the performance of coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system with QPSK is better than that with QAM
摘要本文研究了采用正交相移键控(QPSK)和正交调幅(QAM)两种调制技术的编码正交频分复用系统的性能。使用卷积码作为纠错码。所使用的通信信道为车载信道。仿真结果表明,QPSK编码正交频分复用系统的性能优于QAM编码正交频分复用系统
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引用次数: 0
Technology, Users, and Sustainable Social Housing 技术、用户和可持续社会住房
Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ejef-2018-0014
Jan Johansson
Abstract This paper aims to contribute with results in relation to the challenges that users encounter with regard to technologies in sustainable social housing. The results are significant and show that in modern Danish sustainable social housing consideration is not taken for the users in relation to the technologies implemented in the buildings. The consequences are that the intentions of the technologies supporting economic, environmental, and social sustainability do not work for the users when the buildings are taken into use. The paper argues that developers and architectural practice should in future use simpler technologies that give residents the opportunity to individually regulate their homes’ indoor climate. At the same time, architecture and technology should reflect the consideration towards the climate in the local context and the users’ funda-mental living conditions. The paper argues for the development of a more user-oriented architecture, where the interaction between architecture and technology can work for the users and to a greater extent support the intentions with regard to sustainability.
本文旨在提供与用户在可持续社会住房技术方面遇到的挑战相关的结果。结果是显著的,并表明在现代丹麦可持续社会住房中,并没有考虑到与建筑中实施的技术相关的用户。其结果是,当建筑投入使用时,支持经济、环境和社会可持续性的技术意图对用户不起作用。该论文认为,开发商和建筑实践应该在未来使用更简单的技术,让居民有机会单独调节他们家中的室内气候。同时,建筑和技术应反映对当地气候和用户基本生活条件的考虑。本文主张发展一种更加以用户为导向的建筑,在这种建筑和技术之间的互动可以为用户服务,并在更大程度上支持可持续性的意图。
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引用次数: 0
Different Methods of Gas Turbine Engine Efficiency 燃气涡轮发动机效率的不同方法
Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ejef-2018-0018
Samir Osman
Abstract In this research, we arise the various methods along with a new concept in order to enhance convention turbofan engine efficiency therefore less fuel consumption, less engine exhausts moreover low operating noise level.
为了提高常规涡扇发动机的效率,降低燃油消耗,减少发动机废气排放,降低运行噪声水平,本文提出了各种方法和新概念。
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引用次数: 0
Composite Materials Behavior Analyze for Desk, Hull and Board Yacht's Panel 桌型、船体及板式游艇面板复合材料性能分析
Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ejef-2018-0016
Mirela Koci
Abstract Materials science and composite technology are advancing rapidly, and new composites such as epoxy mixtures including the application of carbon nano tubes are becoming more popular with ever growing concern for high performance marine structures. Indeed, lightness, ease of production, durability and strength enable composites to play a vital role in marine applications. As the Marine sector continues to look at improving efficiency and reducing overall costs, Composite materials will play a huge part in the future of Marine construction. The paper is focused to the static linear simulation of elastic bodies using Solid Works Simulation. Stresses analyses have been developed in the static analyze which provide tools for the linear stress analysis of parts and assemblies loaded by static loads, taking in consideration for the analyze the most stressed part of the bottom, board and desk of the yachts
摘要随着材料科学和复合材料技术的飞速发展,包括碳纳米管在内的环氧混合料等新型复合材料在高性能海洋结构中的应用日益受到人们的关注。事实上,轻质、易于生产、耐用和强度使复合材料在船舶应用中发挥着至关重要的作用。随着海洋行业继续关注提高效率和降低总体成本,复合材料将在未来的海洋建设中发挥巨大作用。本文主要研究了利用Solid Works simulation对弹性体进行静态线性模拟。应力分析在静力分析中得到了发展,它为静力载荷作用下的零部件的线性应力分析提供了工具,并考虑了对游艇的船底、船板和船台等受力最大的部分进行分析
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引用次数: 0
期刊
European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences
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