V. V. Vasylyev, V. Strel’nitskij, V. Makarov, M. Skoryk, G. Lazarenko
Abstract Hard coatings are increasingly being used in medicine to protect metal endoprostheses The experimental process for the high-productive synthesis of high-quality diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings with high hardness and a sufficiently high level of adhesion to the spherical shaped parts of the hip joint made from the stainless steel or cobalt-chrome alloy have been developed. DLC coating deposition was performed by vacuum-arc method from a high-productive source of the filtered vacuum-arc carbon plasma of rectilinear type with a "magnetic island". The high degree of thickness uniformity in the coating on the head of the hip joint with a high adhesion to the metal joint base was developed. Modernization of the vacuum arc plasma source allowed to accelerate the cathode spot motion, exclude substrate overheating and increase the diamond-like carbon hardness up to 30-40 GPa. The high adhesion level was achieved as a result of the high voltage pulsed of substrate bias potential use and multilayer architecture of DLC coating. The DLC coating on the heads of hip endoprosthesis did not peel off when boiling endoprosthesis or when immersing it into the liquid nitrogen.
{"title":"DLC Coatings on Spherical Elements of HIP Endoprostheses","authors":"V. V. Vasylyev, V. Strel’nitskij, V. Makarov, M. Skoryk, G. Lazarenko","doi":"10.2478/ejef-2018-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejef-2018-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hard coatings are increasingly being used in medicine to protect metal endoprostheses The experimental process for the high-productive synthesis of high-quality diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings with high hardness and a sufficiently high level of adhesion to the spherical shaped parts of the hip joint made from the stainless steel or cobalt-chrome alloy have been developed. DLC coating deposition was performed by vacuum-arc method from a high-productive source of the filtered vacuum-arc carbon plasma of rectilinear type with a \"magnetic island\". The high degree of thickness uniformity in the coating on the head of the hip joint with a high adhesion to the metal joint base was developed. Modernization of the vacuum arc plasma source allowed to accelerate the cathode spot motion, exclude substrate overheating and increase the diamond-like carbon hardness up to 30-40 GPa. The high adhesion level was achieved as a result of the high voltage pulsed of substrate bias potential use and multilayer architecture of DLC coating. The DLC coating on the heads of hip endoprosthesis did not peel off when boiling endoprosthesis or when immersing it into the liquid nitrogen.","PeriodicalId":143703,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134386822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract One of the major concerns in the seismic retrofitting of masonry walls is that of increasing the ultimate load for out-of-plane forces. In multi-story buildings, these forces may originate from the hammering actions of floors, when the earthquake direction is orthogonal to the wall. A possibility for counteracting the out-of-plane displacements is retaining the wall by building some buttresses, that is, some beams lean against the wall and disposed vertically. Another possibility is to make the buttress in the thickness of the wall. In this second case, we must cut the wall for its entire height, realize the buttress, and restore the masonry wall around it. In both cases, the interventions are highly invasive. The first intervention also leads to increments of mass that enhance the attraction of seismic forces. The aim of this paper is to find a less invasive and lighter alternative for realizing buttresses. We proposed to use FRP strips and steel ribbons in a combined fashion, so as to realize an ideal vertical I-beam embedded into the wall, without requiring to cut the masonry. We also provided some experimental results for verifying the effectiveness of the model.
{"title":"Attaining a Beam-Like Behavior with FRP Strips and CAM Ribbons","authors":"E. Ferretti","doi":"10.2478/ejef-2018-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejef-2018-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the major concerns in the seismic retrofitting of masonry walls is that of increasing the ultimate load for out-of-plane forces. In multi-story buildings, these forces may originate from the hammering actions of floors, when the earthquake direction is orthogonal to the wall. A possibility for counteracting the out-of-plane displacements is retaining the wall by building some buttresses, that is, some beams lean against the wall and disposed vertically. Another possibility is to make the buttress in the thickness of the wall. In this second case, we must cut the wall for its entire height, realize the buttress, and restore the masonry wall around it. In both cases, the interventions are highly invasive. The first intervention also leads to increments of mass that enhance the attraction of seismic forces. The aim of this paper is to find a less invasive and lighter alternative for realizing buttresses. We proposed to use FRP strips and steel ribbons in a combined fashion, so as to realize an ideal vertical I-beam embedded into the wall, without requiring to cut the masonry. We also provided some experimental results for verifying the effectiveness of the model.","PeriodicalId":143703,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130786105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the present paper, we analyzed the main advantages of the active confinement techniques with a particular focus on the CAM system, which is an Italian reinforcement technique with pre-tensioned stainless steel ribbons. Italian seismic codes classify the CAM system as belonging to the strengthening category of “horizontal and vertical ties”. Therefore, we compared the CAM system to the reinforcement techniques with horizontal and vertical ties in order to understand the actual similarities and possible differences between them. Moreover, we offered a deep analysis of the main critical issues of the CAM system, distinguishing between geometrical and mechanical weak-points. In particular, we analyzed the strengthening mechanism of the CAM system, still poorly understood, by performing a static analysis in the Mohr/Coulomb plane. Finally, we provided suggestions for future developments.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Active Confinement Techniques with Steel Ribbons: Masonry Buildings","authors":"E. Ferretti","doi":"10.2478/ejef-2018-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejef-2018-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the present paper, we analyzed the main advantages of the active confinement techniques with a particular focus on the CAM system, which is an Italian reinforcement technique with pre-tensioned stainless steel ribbons. Italian seismic codes classify the CAM system as belonging to the strengthening category of “horizontal and vertical ties”. Therefore, we compared the CAM system to the reinforcement techniques with horizontal and vertical ties in order to understand the actual similarities and possible differences between them. Moreover, we offered a deep analysis of the main critical issues of the CAM system, distinguishing between geometrical and mechanical weak-points. In particular, we analyzed the strengthening mechanism of the CAM system, still poorly understood, by performing a static analysis in the Mohr/Coulomb plane. Finally, we provided suggestions for future developments.","PeriodicalId":143703,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences","volume":"345 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133829638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The failure rate of an Information Technologies (IT) software project is pretty high because of their uncertain and risky structure. Managing well this kind of projects becomes important. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is an extensive method that is used for identifying the importance level of risks in a project by using risk priority numbers (RPN). This method is based on experts’ experience and cognitive skills at gathering data in order to make risk assessment. This situation causes inaccurate conclusions in the final risk ranking. Fuzzy logic is widely integrated into FMEA to handle these inaccuracies and inconsistencies in the literature while making assessment and calling Fuzzy FMEA method that we proposed. In this study, we explored another uncovered weaknesses of the proposed method. FMEA and Fuzzy FMEA do not consider the relationships among the risks of a project. To overcome this disadvantage, we proposed to integrate the idea of cognitive maps into these two methods (FMEA w/FCMs and Fuzzy FMEA w/FCMs). Finally, we got a comprehensive risk assessment methodology by considering the relationships among the risks under ambiguous circumstances.
{"title":"Fuzzy FMEA Application Combined with Fuzzy Cognitive Maps to Manage the Risks of a Software Project","authors":"Barbaros Erbay, Coskun Özkan","doi":"10.2478/ejef-2018-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejef-2018-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The failure rate of an Information Technologies (IT) software project is pretty high because of their uncertain and risky structure. Managing well this kind of projects becomes important. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is an extensive method that is used for identifying the importance level of risks in a project by using risk priority numbers (RPN). This method is based on experts’ experience and cognitive skills at gathering data in order to make risk assessment. This situation causes inaccurate conclusions in the final risk ranking. Fuzzy logic is widely integrated into FMEA to handle these inaccuracies and inconsistencies in the literature while making assessment and calling Fuzzy FMEA method that we proposed. In this study, we explored another uncovered weaknesses of the proposed method. FMEA and Fuzzy FMEA do not consider the relationships among the risks of a project. To overcome this disadvantage, we proposed to integrate the idea of cognitive maps into these two methods (FMEA w/FCMs and Fuzzy FMEA w/FCMs). Finally, we got a comprehensive risk assessment methodology by considering the relationships among the risks under ambiguous circumstances.","PeriodicalId":143703,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130290020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this proposed paper, a single band microstrip patch antenna for fifth generation (5G) wireless application was presented. 28, 38, 60 and 73 GHz frequency bands have been allocated for 5G mobile communications by International Telecommunications Union (ITU). In this paper, we proposed an antenna, which is suitable for the millimeter wave frequency. The single band antenna consists of new slot loaded on the radiating patch with the 50 ohms microstrip line feeding used. This single band antenna was simulated on a FR4 dielectric substrate have relative permittivity 4.4, loss tangent 0.02, and height 1.6 mm. The antenna was simulated by Electromagnetic simulation, computer software technology High Frequency Structural Simulator. And simulated result on return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and 3D gain was presented. The parameters of the results well coherent and proved the literature for millimeter wave 5G wireless application at 38 GHz.
本文提出了一种适用于第五代(5G)无线应用的单波段微带贴片天线。国际电信联盟(ITU)已为5G移动通信分配了28、38、60和73 GHz频段。本文提出了一种适用于毫米波频率的天线。单波段天线由加载在辐射贴片上的新槽组成，采用50欧姆微带馈线。在相对介电常数为4.4、损耗正切为0.02、高度为1.6 mm的FR4介质衬底上对该单波段天线进行了仿真。采用电磁仿真、计算机软件技术High Frequency structure Simulator对天线进行了仿真。给出了回波损耗、驻波比、辐射方向图和三维增益的仿真结果。实验结果的参数具有较好的一致性，证明了38 GHz毫米波5G无线应用的文献。
{"title":"A Single Band Antenna Design for Future Millimeter Wave Wireless Communication at 38 GHz","authors":"Cihat Şeker, M. Güneser","doi":"10.2478/ejef-2018-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejef-2018-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this proposed paper, a single band microstrip patch antenna for fifth generation (5G) wireless application was presented. 28, 38, 60 and 73 GHz frequency bands have been allocated for 5G mobile communications by International Telecommunications Union (ITU). In this paper, we proposed an antenna, which is suitable for the millimeter wave frequency. The single band antenna consists of new slot loaded on the radiating patch with the 50 ohms microstrip line feeding used. This single band antenna was simulated on a FR4 dielectric substrate have relative permittivity 4.4, loss tangent 0.02, and height 1.6 mm. The antenna was simulated by Electromagnetic simulation, computer software technology High Frequency Structural Simulator. And simulated result on return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and 3D gain was presented. The parameters of the results well coherent and proved the literature for millimeter wave 5G wireless application at 38 GHz.","PeriodicalId":143703,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133662596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Treaty of Rome of 1957 and following treaties on amending the Treaty of Rome contain a number of basic principles on which the EU is founded. Among these principles, the most important ones related to the public procurement are: prevention of discrimination based on nationality, free movement of goods; right and freedom of establishment of a business; the right to provide services. Spending of public money in Kosovo pursuant to the Law on Procurement is found on the following principles: economization and efficiency; equal treatment and non-discrimination; transparency; value for money. The average of open procedure application in EU countries is 73% based on notices, whereas in Kosovo is 82.80% based on notices. In the end of 2014, Kosovo commenced the development of electronic procurement platform. This project takes place within the Public Sector Modernization Project. The importance of the electronic procurement is stated in the statement of European Commission: “Modernization and opening of procurement markets across borders - including through the electronic procurement expansion - are crucial for the competition in Europe and creating new opportunities for businesses in EU”. A good procurement system in Kosovo will have an impact on elimination of negative phenomena (corruption and bad management) in the management of public expenditures from spending agencies, as well as an impact on increase of budget saving.
{"title":"Public Expenditures Through Public Procurement","authors":"Azem Duraku","doi":"10.2478/ejef-2018-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejef-2018-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Treaty of Rome of 1957 and following treaties on amending the Treaty of Rome contain a number of basic principles on which the EU is founded. Among these principles, the most important ones related to the public procurement are: prevention of discrimination based on nationality, free movement of goods; right and freedom of establishment of a business; the right to provide services. Spending of public money in Kosovo pursuant to the Law on Procurement is found on the following principles: economization and efficiency; equal treatment and non-discrimination; transparency; value for money. The average of open procedure application in EU countries is 73% based on notices, whereas in Kosovo is 82.80% based on notices. In the end of 2014, Kosovo commenced the development of electronic procurement platform. This project takes place within the Public Sector Modernization Project. The importance of the electronic procurement is stated in the statement of European Commission: “Modernization and opening of procurement markets across borders - including through the electronic procurement expansion - are crucial for the competition in Europe and creating new opportunities for businesses in EU”. A good procurement system in Kosovo will have an impact on elimination of negative phenomena (corruption and bad management) in the management of public expenditures from spending agencies, as well as an impact on increase of budget saving.","PeriodicalId":143703,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128949171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of the Occupational Health and Safety studies conducted in the oil and gas sector is; to protect workers and to ensure occupational safety in works performed on drilling fields. The aforementioned studies of the companies operating in this field in Turkey are inadequate and are not given due importance to. In such companies, occupational incidents become inevitable for that reason. A vast number of studies have been conducted in many other countries around the world to reduce the number of occupational incidents, and those have led to a substantial reduction in those incidents. In Turkey, it is necessary to take measures to reduce the number of occupational incidents in the oil and gas sector. In this study, occupational incidents occurred in the company investigated as a case study and the other occupational incidents occurred in similar companies and the measures taken to reduce them have been discussed in detail. This study aims to explain what occupational incidents occur in the sector, what the root causes of them are and how to reduce the occupational incidents by taking measures.
{"title":"An Analysis of Occupational Incidents, Prioritization of Factors Causing These by Using Multi Criteria Decision Making Methods and Identification of Ways for Reducing These: Case Study in Oil and Gas Fields","authors":"E.S. Gokpinar, Can Elmar Balas","doi":"10.2478/ejef-2018-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejef-2018-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the Occupational Health and Safety studies conducted in the oil and gas sector is; to protect workers and to ensure occupational safety in works performed on drilling fields. The aforementioned studies of the companies operating in this field in Turkey are inadequate and are not given due importance to. In such companies, occupational incidents become inevitable for that reason. A vast number of studies have been conducted in many other countries around the world to reduce the number of occupational incidents, and those have led to a substantial reduction in those incidents. In Turkey, it is necessary to take measures to reduce the number of occupational incidents in the oil and gas sector. In this study, occupational incidents occurred in the company investigated as a case study and the other occupational incidents occurred in similar companies and the measures taken to reduce them have been discussed in detail. This study aims to explain what occupational incidents occur in the sector, what the root causes of them are and how to reduce the occupational incidents by taking measures.","PeriodicalId":143703,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128821697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sergio Gallego García, Rayco Rodríguez Reyes, Manuel García García
Abstract Designing, changing and adapting organizations to secure viability is challenging for companies. Researchers often fail to holistically design or transform organizations. Thus, the aim of this study is to propose a holistic approach how organizations can be designed, changed or managed considering also its implications to production management following lean management principles. Hereby the Viable System Model was applied. This structure can be applied to any kind of structured organization and for its management with goals to be achieved in modern society; however focus of the research is the cluster of manufacturing and assembly companies. Goal of the developed organizational model is to be able to react to all potential company environments by taking decisions regarding organization and production management functions correctly and in the right moment based on the needed information. To ensure this, standardized communication channels were defined. In conclusion this proposed approach enables companies to have internal mechanisms to secure viability and also in production to reduce necessary stocks, lead times, manpower allocation and leads to an increase of the service level to the final customer.
{"title":"Design of a Conceptual Model for Improving Company Performance Based on Lean Management Applying the Viable System Model (VSM)","authors":"Sergio Gallego García, Rayco Rodríguez Reyes, Manuel García García","doi":"10.2478/ejef-2018-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejef-2018-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Designing, changing and adapting organizations to secure viability is challenging for companies. Researchers often fail to holistically design or transform organizations. Thus, the aim of this study is to propose a holistic approach how organizations can be designed, changed or managed considering also its implications to production management following lean management principles. Hereby the Viable System Model was applied. This structure can be applied to any kind of structured organization and for its management with goals to be achieved in modern society; however focus of the research is the cluster of manufacturing and assembly companies. Goal of the developed organizational model is to be able to react to all potential company environments by taking decisions regarding organization and production management functions correctly and in the right moment based on the needed information. To ensure this, standardized communication channels were defined. In conclusion this proposed approach enables companies to have internal mechanisms to secure viability and also in production to reduce necessary stocks, lead times, manpower allocation and leads to an increase of the service level to the final customer.","PeriodicalId":143703,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences","volume":"311 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123479290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract One of the implementations of autonomy policy is fiscal decentralization. The State gives chance to every local government for improving its fiscal ability. Original Local Government Revenue (PAD) is fiscal potency owned local government to improve local government independence to promote welfare to society. To accelerate fiscal independence of local government equally, the central government sends transfer funds in the form of General Allocation Funds (DAU) which aims to comply local government expenditure that has not fulfilled. However, problems faced is local government expenditure management still much more affected by DAU rather than PAD. It indicates that local government still depends on central government to comply expenditure called flypaper effect. This research aims to analyze the effect of PAD and DAU on local government expenditure by identifying whether occurs flypaper on provincial government in Indonesia. The method used in this research is analysis regression of panel data with Generalized Least Square (GLS). Data used is panel data from 34 provinces in Indonesia between 2008-2017. Based on results estimation, PAD and DAU positively and significantly affect local government expenditure. However, the DAU more affects local government expenditure compared with PAD. This exhibits that flypaper effect phenomenon occurred on provincial government in Indonesia which local government expenditure response more affected by DAU than PAD. It is happening due to the provincial government still relies on central government to comply its expenditure illustrated with high DAU transfers. This research concludes that decentralization policy in Indonesia is not effective yet. Thus, the government needs to adjust decentralization policy in order to improve regional fiscal independence.
{"title":"The Flypaper Effect Phenomenon: Evidence from Indonesia","authors":"Ansharullah Tasri","doi":"10.2478/ejef-2018-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejef-2018-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the implementations of autonomy policy is fiscal decentralization. The State gives chance to every local government for improving its fiscal ability. Original Local Government Revenue (PAD) is fiscal potency owned local government to improve local government independence to promote welfare to society. To accelerate fiscal independence of local government equally, the central government sends transfer funds in the form of General Allocation Funds (DAU) which aims to comply local government expenditure that has not fulfilled. However, problems faced is local government expenditure management still much more affected by DAU rather than PAD. It indicates that local government still depends on central government to comply expenditure called flypaper effect. This research aims to analyze the effect of PAD and DAU on local government expenditure by identifying whether occurs flypaper on provincial government in Indonesia. The method used in this research is analysis regression of panel data with Generalized Least Square (GLS). Data used is panel data from 34 provinces in Indonesia between 2008-2017. Based on results estimation, PAD and DAU positively and significantly affect local government expenditure. However, the DAU more affects local government expenditure compared with PAD. This exhibits that flypaper effect phenomenon occurred on provincial government in Indonesia which local government expenditure response more affected by DAU than PAD. It is happening due to the provincial government still relies on central government to comply its expenditure illustrated with high DAU transfers. This research concludes that decentralization policy in Indonesia is not effective yet. Thus, the government needs to adjust decentralization policy in order to improve regional fiscal independence.","PeriodicalId":143703,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123299724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The concepts of "digital skills" and "digital competences" are key terms in the discussion related to the type of skills people need nowadays not only in terms of digital inclusion in the society but also in terms of employability. According to the latest definition by the European Union, digital skills “can be broadly understood as the ability to locate, organise, understand, evaluate, create and share information using digital technology, at different levels of competence” (European Commission, 2017). The rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICT) bring major transformations with respect to the individual’s integration in society and employability. The paper analyses the 28 member states of the European Union (EU) from the perspective of the pesons’ digital skills and employability in the science, technology (including the ICT) sectors over the period 2015 - 2017. The paper covers the following areas of research: (1) Overall digital skills, computer skills, internet skills of individuals in the EU 28; (2) Human capital with advanced and specialist digital skills in ICT in the EU 28; (3) Evolution of the digital competitiveness of the EU 28 member states from the perspective of human capital over the period 2015-2017. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were employed for data collection and analysis: database research and analysis; statistical analysis; content and thematic research and analysis from policy papers and reports.
{"title":"Digital Competitiveness of European Union Member States from the Perspective of Human Capital","authors":"Victoria Folea","doi":"10.2478/ejef-2018-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejef-2018-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The concepts of \"digital skills\" and \"digital competences\" are key terms in the discussion related to the type of skills people need nowadays not only in terms of digital inclusion in the society but also in terms of employability. According to the latest definition by the European Union, digital skills “can be broadly understood as the ability to locate, organise, understand, evaluate, create and share information using digital technology, at different levels of competence” (European Commission, 2017). The rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICT) bring major transformations with respect to the individual’s integration in society and employability. The paper analyses the 28 member states of the European Union (EU) from the perspective of the pesons’ digital skills and employability in the science, technology (including the ICT) sectors over the period 2015 - 2017. The paper covers the following areas of research: (1) Overall digital skills, computer skills, internet skills of individuals in the EU 28; (2) Human capital with advanced and specialist digital skills in ICT in the EU 28; (3) Evolution of the digital competitiveness of the EU 28 member states from the perspective of human capital over the period 2015-2017. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were employed for data collection and analysis: database research and analysis; statistical analysis; content and thematic research and analysis from policy papers and reports.","PeriodicalId":143703,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115868526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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