Abstract The dynamics of the Albanian market in lieu of the multifaceted transformations following the collapse of the communist regime and moving towards the accession processes in the European Union as well as the demographics of the Albanian society as a whole, deeply impact the ways in which furniture products are designed, development and produced. This paper draws from my doctoral study which explored the transformation of furniture products from communism to post-communism. The doctoral study confirmed that: the impact of moving from mass production in a centralized economy to free mass customization in market economy has not radically transformed the fundamental properties of furniture but has affected the design, development, delivery and materiality of products. In this light, this paper will zoom into the furniture designs during post communism in Albania by exploring two principle paradigms vintage and retro. First this paper argues that furniture design and production in the centralized economy, are introduced within the vintage paradigm in post-communist. The data collecting through observation demonstrate a high level of interest for the retro design in a free market economy. As the result the paper suggest the local actors, businesses and academia to use and persist nostalgia and retro design in furniture and their component.
{"title":"Vintage Design Furniture in Albania, a New Retro Design Paradigm in the Post-Communist Era","authors":"E. Curraj","doi":"10.2478/ejef-2018-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejef-2018-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The dynamics of the Albanian market in lieu of the multifaceted transformations following the collapse of the communist regime and moving towards the accession processes in the European Union as well as the demographics of the Albanian society as a whole, deeply impact the ways in which furniture products are designed, development and produced. This paper draws from my doctoral study which explored the transformation of furniture products from communism to post-communism. The doctoral study confirmed that: the impact of moving from mass production in a centralized economy to free mass customization in market economy has not radically transformed the fundamental properties of furniture but has affected the design, development, delivery and materiality of products. In this light, this paper will zoom into the furniture designs during post communism in Albania by exploring two principle paradigms vintage and retro. First this paper argues that furniture design and production in the centralized economy, are introduced within the vintage paradigm in post-communist. The data collecting through observation demonstrate a high level of interest for the retro design in a free market economy. As the result the paper suggest the local actors, businesses and academia to use and persist nostalgia and retro design in furniture and their component.","PeriodicalId":143703,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127581291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Indonesia is one of the largest coal producer countries in the world. In the previous research, it is stated that coal producer countries are able to affect economic growth. The purpose of the study is to investigate the cointegration and causal relationships between coal consumption and income in Indonesia for the period of 1965- 2016 using Granger causality test based on Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) employing population as the control variable in bivariate system. The Augmented Dicky-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) tests were used to determine the variable stationarity. From Johansen’s co-integration tests, it is indicated that there is a long-run relationship between the variables. The empirical study shows that there is no causal relationship between coal consumption and economic growth in Indonesia since coal consumption in fact cannot affect economic growth in Indonesia. Export tax becomes government revenues earned from energy sectors including coal.
{"title":"The Relationship between Coal Consumption and Economic Growth in Indonesia","authors":"Irwandi","doi":"10.2478/ejef-2018-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejef-2018-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Indonesia is one of the largest coal producer countries in the world. In the previous research, it is stated that coal producer countries are able to affect economic growth. The purpose of the study is to investigate the cointegration and causal relationships between coal consumption and income in Indonesia for the period of 1965- 2016 using Granger causality test based on Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) employing population as the control variable in bivariate system. The Augmented Dicky-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) tests were used to determine the variable stationarity. From Johansen’s co-integration tests, it is indicated that there is a long-run relationship between the variables. The empirical study shows that there is no causal relationship between coal consumption and economic growth in Indonesia since coal consumption in fact cannot affect economic growth in Indonesia. Export tax becomes government revenues earned from energy sectors including coal.","PeriodicalId":143703,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126020688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract C19 Life insurance companies deal with two fundamental types of risks when issuing annuity contracts: financial risk and demographic risk. As regards the latter, recent work has focused on modelling the trend in mortality as a stochastic process. A popular method for modelling death rates is the Lee-Carter model. In this paper we gives an overview of the Lee Carter model and the feasibility of using it to construct mortality forecast for the population data. In particular, we focus on a sensitivity issue of this model and in order to deal with it, we illustrate the implementation of an experimental strategy to assess the robustness of the LC model. The next step, we experiment and apply it to a matrix of mortality rates. The results are applied to a pension annuity. There are investigating in particular the hypothesis about the error structure implicitly assumed in the model specification, after having assume that errors are homoscedastic. Analyzing the model it is estimated that the homoscedasticity assumption is quite unrealistic, because of the observed pattern of the mortality rates showing a different variability at different ages. Therefore, there is an emerging opportunity to analyze the strength of predictable parameter. The purpose of this study is a strategy in order to assess the strength of the Lee-Carter model inducing the errors to satisfy the homoscedasticity hypothesis. The impact of Lee Carter model on various financial calculations is the main focus of the paper. Furthermore, it is applied it to a matrix of mortality rates including a pension rate portfolio. The Albania model with the variables of death and birth is shown on this paper taken in consideration the Lee Carter Error.
{"title":"The Heteroscedasticity Impact on Actuarial Science: Lee Carter Error Simulation","authors":"Olgerta Idrizi, Besa Shahini","doi":"10.2478/ejef-2018-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejef-2018-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract C19 Life insurance companies deal with two fundamental types of risks when issuing annuity contracts: financial risk and demographic risk. As regards the latter, recent work has focused on modelling the trend in mortality as a stochastic process. A popular method for modelling death rates is the Lee-Carter model. In this paper we gives an overview of the Lee Carter model and the feasibility of using it to construct mortality forecast for the population data. In particular, we focus on a sensitivity issue of this model and in order to deal with it, we illustrate the implementation of an experimental strategy to assess the robustness of the LC model. The next step, we experiment and apply it to a matrix of mortality rates. The results are applied to a pension annuity. There are investigating in particular the hypothesis about the error structure implicitly assumed in the model specification, after having assume that errors are homoscedastic. Analyzing the model it is estimated that the homoscedasticity assumption is quite unrealistic, because of the observed pattern of the mortality rates showing a different variability at different ages. Therefore, there is an emerging opportunity to analyze the strength of predictable parameter. The purpose of this study is a strategy in order to assess the strength of the Lee-Carter model inducing the errors to satisfy the homoscedasticity hypothesis. The impact of Lee Carter model on various financial calculations is the main focus of the paper. Furthermore, it is applied it to a matrix of mortality rates including a pension rate portfolio. The Albania model with the variables of death and birth is shown on this paper taken in consideration the Lee Carter Error.","PeriodicalId":143703,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127044927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Time is an indicator of project performance, and along with cost and quality factors, it is the project roadmap, as it determines its success. In Algeria, among the problems often encountered in the construction of projects are timeouts. A questionnaire survey was conducted with experts in the field of construction, in order to know the factors causing delays in projects. The results show that the managerial factors (relating to planning, organization and management) are the most important in Algeria. Therefore, the use of Project Management is essential, given the need to promote this area in terms of processes and tools used, to allow the various project stakeholders to optimize the planning of activities and resources, to complete the project. project in a timely manner and reach the stage of project success. Recommendations were proposed and managerial solutions were suggested using the guide of PMBOK version 5.
{"title":"Identification of Factors Causing Delays in Construction Projects in Algeria","authors":"Roumeissa Salhi, K. Messaoudi, S. Boudemagh","doi":"10.2478/ejef-2018-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejef-2018-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Time is an indicator of project performance, and along with cost and quality factors, it is the project roadmap, as it determines its success. In Algeria, among the problems often encountered in the construction of projects are timeouts. A questionnaire survey was conducted with experts in the field of construction, in order to know the factors causing delays in projects. The results show that the managerial factors (relating to planning, organization and management) are the most important in Algeria. Therefore, the use of Project Management is essential, given the need to promote this area in terms of processes and tools used, to allow the various project stakeholders to optimize the planning of activities and resources, to complete the project. project in a timely manner and reach the stage of project success. Recommendations were proposed and managerial solutions were suggested using the guide of PMBOK version 5.","PeriodicalId":143703,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126643816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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