In this paper, I discuss the ways in which Indigenous women are Othered by the proceedings of the Missing Women‘s Commission of Inquiry (MWCI). First, I give a basic overview of Beauvoir‘s theory of women as Others, followed by Memmi‘s analysis of the relationship between the colonized and the colonizer. I use these two theories to describe the way Indigenous women are Othered both as Indigenous peoples and as women, focusing on the context of the twenty-six who were murdered in Vancouver‘s Downtown Eastside (DTES). The original murders were the result of the cultural reduction of Indigenous Women to their bodies. The negligent police investigations, as well as the misogynistic attitudes of the police, also demonstrate how Othering can operate within these institutions. I claim that the violence against women in the DTES was due to their status as Other. Notably, the MWCI, which is supposed to be a process that addresses the Othering-based negligence of the police, also includes instances of Othering in its structure and practice. From this, I conclude that we cannot rely on Othering institutions or legal processes to correct Othering as a practice. In the context of the MWCI, I suggest building alliances that support those who face this Othering as violence in their everyday lives.
{"title":"Indigenous Women as the Other: An Analysis of the Missing Women's Commission of Inquiry","authors":"Jodi Beniuk","doi":"10.18357/TAR32201211643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/TAR32201211643","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I discuss the ways in which Indigenous women are Othered by the proceedings of the Missing Women‘s Commission of Inquiry (MWCI). First, I give a basic overview of Beauvoir‘s theory of women as Others, followed by Memmi‘s analysis of the relationship between the colonized and the colonizer. I use these two theories to describe the way Indigenous women are Othered both as Indigenous peoples and as women, focusing on the context of the twenty-six who were murdered in Vancouver‘s Downtown Eastside (DTES). The original murders were the result of the cultural reduction of Indigenous Women to their bodies. The negligent police investigations, as well as the misogynistic attitudes of the police, also demonstrate how Othering can operate within these institutions. I claim that the violence against women in the DTES was due to their status as Other. Notably, the MWCI, which is supposed to be a process that addresses the Othering-based negligence of the police, also includes instances of Othering in its structure and practice. From this, I conclude that we cannot rely on Othering institutions or legal processes to correct Othering as a practice. In the context of the MWCI, I suggest building alliances that support those who face this Othering as violence in their everyday lives.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133121543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article uses the case of R. v. Van der Peet to critically analyze the role of language in Section 35(1) of the Canadian Constitution in perpetuating asymmetrical power dynamics within the framework of colonialism. In defining which practices are protected in the form of Indigenous rights under Section 35(1), the courts have imposed a two-stage test called the Integral to a Distinctive Culture Test or Van der Peet Test. This test stipulates three criteria; the practice must: originate from "pre-contact", be "distinctive", and conform or "reconcile" with state sovereignty. This article demonstrates how these criteria hinder the development of Indigenous rights, restrict the scope of such rights, and marginalize Indigenous peoples in Canadian society. Analyzing the role of the deliberative wording of this constitutional order reveals a foundation for contemporary colonialism and oppression, whereby colonial power relations are facilitated and secured by antiquated, ethnocentric ideals upheld by the Judiciary. Exposing the illegitimacy embedded within the State's uninhibited, exclusive sovereignty directs this discussion to the suggestion that the State lacks the authority to grant Indigenous rights. This article concludes with the argument that, as the original inhabitants of this land, Indigenous Nations possess the inherent extra-constitutional right to self-determination that can only be achieved through self-affirmation.
本文以R. v. Van der Peet一案为例，批判性地分析了加拿大宪法第35(1)条中语言在殖民主义框架内延续不对称权力动态方面的作用。在根据第35(1)条确定哪些做法以土著权利的形式受到保护时，法院实施了一项两阶段测试，称为独特文化积分测试或Van der Peet测试。该测试规定了三个标准;实践必须:源于“前接触”，“有特色”，符合或“调和”国家主权。本文展示了这些标准如何阻碍土著权利的发展，限制了这些权利的范围，并使土著人民在加拿大社会中被边缘化。分析这一宪法秩序的审议措辞的作用，揭示了当代殖民主义和压迫的基础，在这种基础上，殖民权力关系是由司法机构所支持的过时的、种族中心主义的理想促进和保障的。揭露国家不受约束的排他性主权所隐含的非法性，将讨论引向国家缺乏授予土著权利的权力的建议。本文最后的论点是，土著民族作为这片土地的原始居民，拥有固有的宪法之外的自决权利，这种权利只能通过自我肯定来实现。
{"title":"The Van der Peet Test Constitutional Recognition or Constitutional Restriction","authors":"A. Kent","doi":"10.18357/TAR32201211640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/TAR32201211640","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses the case of R. v. Van der Peet to critically analyze the role of language in Section 35(1) of the Canadian Constitution in perpetuating asymmetrical power dynamics within the framework of colonialism. In defining which practices are protected in the form of Indigenous rights under Section 35(1), the courts have imposed a two-stage test called the Integral to a Distinctive Culture Test or Van der Peet Test. This test stipulates three criteria; the practice must: originate from \"pre-contact\", be \"distinctive\", and conform or \"reconcile\" with state sovereignty. This article demonstrates how these criteria hinder the development of Indigenous rights, restrict the scope of such rights, and marginalize Indigenous peoples in Canadian society. Analyzing the role of the deliberative wording of this constitutional order reveals a foundation for contemporary colonialism and oppression, whereby colonial power relations are facilitated and secured by antiquated, ethnocentric ideals upheld by the Judiciary. Exposing the illegitimacy embedded within the State's uninhibited, exclusive sovereignty directs this discussion to the suggestion that the State lacks the authority to grant Indigenous rights. This article concludes with the argument that, as the original inhabitants of this land, Indigenous Nations possess the inherent extra-constitutional right to self-determination that can only be achieved through self-affirmation.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134304793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nonmetric traits are frequently analyzed in the field of anthropology to measure genetic relatedness, or biodistance, within or between populations. These studies are performed under the assumption that nonmetric traits are genetically inherited. However, much of the research on nonmetric traits has revealed that numerous factors can confound heritability. Skull size is one of the factors that are shown in some samples to have an effect on the expression of nonmetric traits. There is evidence that nonmetric trait expression is population specific; therefore, the current study was performed to determine if size-trait correlations would occur within a single population. Nonmetric traits in a sample of 20 skulls (South Eastern Asian origin) are analyzed to determine if there are correlations between skull size and expression of nonmetric traits. Intertrait correlations are also examined. This type of study is important because if the expression of certain nonmetric traits is related to factors outside of genetics, then those traits would not be useful in biodistance studies. The results of this study indicate that there are no correlations between overall skull size and nonmetric traits. However, correlations were found between individual measurements and nonmetric traits, as well as between traits.
{"title":"The relationship between size and expression of nonmetric traits on the human skull","authors":"Chelsea R Wilson","doi":"10.18357/TAR0120103262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/TAR0120103262","url":null,"abstract":"Nonmetric traits are frequently analyzed in the field of anthropology to measure genetic relatedness, or biodistance, within or between populations. These studies are performed under the assumption that nonmetric traits are genetically inherited. However, much of the research on nonmetric traits has revealed that numerous factors can confound heritability. Skull size is one of the factors that are shown in some samples to have an effect on the expression of nonmetric traits. There is evidence that nonmetric trait expression is population specific; therefore, the current study was performed to determine if size-trait correlations would occur within a single population. Nonmetric traits in a sample of 20 skulls (South Eastern Asian origin) are analyzed to determine if there are correlations between skull size and expression of nonmetric traits. Intertrait correlations are also examined. This type of study is important because if the expression of certain nonmetric traits is related to factors outside of genetics, then those traits would not be useful in biodistance studies. The results of this study indicate that there are no correlations between overall skull size and nonmetric traits. However, correlations were found between individual measurements and nonmetric traits, as well as between traits.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116658504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark-recapture experiments are performed to estimate population parameters such as survival probabilities. Animals are captured, tagged, released, and recaptured at subsequent time periods in order to obtain parameter information. The Jolly-Seber-Tag-Loss (JSTL) model (Cowen & Schwarz, 2006) requires some individuals to be double tagged in order to account for the possibility of animals losing their tags. The Jolly-Seber-Tag-Loss model does not, however, consider the possibility of parameters being different among different groups of individuals, that is, group heterogeneity (for example, males may have higher capture probabilities than females). Our research extends the Jolly-Seber-Tag-Loss model to account for this possibility of group heterogeneity among parameters. We use a Newton-Raphson method to obtain maximum likelihood estimators and R software to create a program that estimates population parameters from tag histories. Our simulation study concludes that when group heterogeneity exists, accounting for this group heterogeneity results in more accurate parameter estimates than the original JSTL model. We present the group heterogeneous JSTL (g-hJSTL) for this purpose.
{"title":"The Jolly-Seber-Tag-Loss model with group heterogeneity","authors":"Selina Beatriz Gonzalez, L. Cowen","doi":"10.18357/TAR0120103259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/TAR0120103259","url":null,"abstract":"Mark-recapture experiments are performed to estimate population parameters such as survival probabilities. Animals are captured, tagged, released, and recaptured at subsequent time periods in order to obtain parameter information. The Jolly-Seber-Tag-Loss (JSTL) model (Cowen & Schwarz, 2006) requires some individuals to be double tagged in order to account for the possibility of animals losing their tags. The Jolly-Seber-Tag-Loss model does not, however, consider the possibility of parameters being different among different groups of individuals, that is, group heterogeneity (for example, males may have higher capture probabilities than females). Our research extends the Jolly-Seber-Tag-Loss model to account for this possibility of group heterogeneity among parameters. We use a Newton-Raphson method to obtain maximum likelihood estimators and R software to create a program that estimates population parameters from tag histories. Our simulation study concludes that when group heterogeneity exists, accounting for this group heterogeneity results in more accurate parameter estimates than the original JSTL model. We present the group heterogeneous JSTL (g-hJSTL) for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128953818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James Cameron's 2009 blockbuster, Avatar , is a tale of Indigenous resistance to environmental destruction. In the film, Earth moves outward to distant planets in order to satisfy its resource hunger. In their search, Earthlings arrive on Pandora, a biologically rich planet with a diverse and complex ecosystem. In defence of their home planet, the Indigenous people of Pandora (the Na'vi) engage in combat with the earthlings over which aspect of the planet is more important: the life above or the resources below. The environmental message in Avatar is one which promotes balance and harmony between humans and nature. However, this balance is represented by the film’s essentialized Indigenous population. Thus, as a foil for Earth's technology-dependent resource-intensive society, the Na'vi are represented as a stereotypical Indigenous population; they are cast as closer to nature in their role as the "ecological Indian." By using archaic portrayals of Indigenous peoples, the film uses an "Indigenous" voice to propel its environmental message. This article visually analyzes how the film uses, produces, and perpetuates stereotypical representations of Indigenous peoples and how these representations effect and advance the film’s environmental message.
{"title":"Environmentalism and the \"Ecological Indian\" in Avatar : A Visual Analysis","authors":"Justin Fritz","doi":"10.18357/TAR31201211530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/TAR31201211530","url":null,"abstract":"James Cameron's 2009 blockbuster, Avatar , is a tale of Indigenous resistance to environmental destruction. In the film, Earth moves outward to distant planets in order to satisfy its resource hunger. In their search, Earthlings arrive on Pandora, a biologically rich planet with a diverse and complex ecosystem. In defence of their home planet, the Indigenous people of Pandora (the Na'vi) engage in combat with the earthlings over which aspect of the planet is more important: the life above or the resources below. The environmental message in Avatar is one which promotes balance and harmony between humans and nature. However, this balance is represented by the film’s essentialized Indigenous population. Thus, as a foil for Earth's technology-dependent resource-intensive society, the Na'vi are represented as a stereotypical Indigenous population; they are cast as closer to nature in their role as the \"ecological Indian.\" By using archaic portrayals of Indigenous peoples, the film uses an \"Indigenous\" voice to propel its environmental message. This article visually analyzes how the film uses, produces, and perpetuates stereotypical representations of Indigenous peoples and how these representations effect and advance the film’s environmental message.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131884940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huxian Peasant Paintings are a product of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Ostensibly painted by peasant amateur artists, they depict idealized peasants in rural China. The paintings were reproduced in large numbers and distributed as posters for the masses. Further evidence has shown that the amateur artists were in fact given detailed training by professional artists under the guidance of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). This paper seeks to analyze the images as important political texts from the Cultural Revolution because of the influence of the CCP. Using discourse analysis, this paper argues that these posters are an important discursive formation that allowed the CCP to transmit ideology to a largely illiterate or semiliterate rural population.
{"title":"Huxian’s Foolish Old Men Create New Scenes: Huxian Peasant Paintings from the Cultural Revolution and their Ideological Discourses","authors":"D. Ashton","doi":"10.18357/TAR0120103260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/TAR0120103260","url":null,"abstract":"Huxian Peasant Paintings are a product of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Ostensibly painted by peasant amateur artists, they depict idealized peasants in rural China. The paintings were reproduced in large numbers and distributed as posters for the masses. Further evidence has shown that the amateur artists were in fact given detailed training by professional artists under the guidance of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). This paper seeks to analyze the images as important political texts from the Cultural Revolution because of the influence of the CCP. Using discourse analysis, this paper argues that these posters are an important discursive formation that allowed the CCP to transmit ideology to a largely illiterate or semiliterate rural population.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133855894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kira M. Hoffman, C. Coccola, Kimberly House, A. Markvoort
Large and small scale natural disturbances shape and define characteristics of forest stands. This research examines the response of a western hemlock stand following small-scale gap-producing events in Glacier National Park, British Columbia. The study used a megaplot with three individual quadrats to analyze dendrochronological, tree mensuration, vegetation and soil profile data. Results confirmed that three distinct age classes (new gap, intermediate gap, mature forest) were present, and that growth releases in dominant and sub-dominant trees corresponded with probable gap formation events. Productivity increased in new gaps and stand dynamics varied greatly in new- and intermediate- aged gaps. The dominant regeneration of western hemlock species on coarse woody debris is supported by small-scale disturbances, creating transitional forests in Glacier National Park.
{"title":"A Forest in Transition: The Role of Small-scale Disturbances","authors":"Kira M. Hoffman, C. Coccola, Kimberly House, A. Markvoort","doi":"10.18357/TAR31201211526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/TAR31201211526","url":null,"abstract":"Large and small scale natural disturbances shape and define characteristics of forest stands. This research examines the response of a western hemlock stand following small-scale gap-producing events in Glacier National Park, British Columbia. The study used a megaplot with three individual quadrats to analyze dendrochronological, tree mensuration, vegetation and soil profile data. Results confirmed that three distinct age classes (new gap, intermediate gap, mature forest) were present, and that growth releases in dominant and sub-dominant trees corresponded with probable gap formation events. Productivity increased in new gaps and stand dynamics varied greatly in new- and intermediate- aged gaps. The dominant regeneration of western hemlock species on coarse woody debris is supported by small-scale disturbances, creating transitional forests in Glacier National Park.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121795641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While there is continuous research being done on death and dying, often theoretical abstractions are offered which are removed from the realities of lived experiences. This paper seeks to understand contemporary practices of death and dying, in a Canadian context, through an analysis of the larger discourses which structure our conceptions of death. Guided by an interpretation of Foucault’s genealogical and archaeological methodologies, current practices of death and dying are explored by tracing the history of the discourses that structure these practices, specifically the institution of medicine. This paper reaffirms the need to further explore the heterogeneity of death and dying as cultural experience and examines the ways in which those experiences are influenced by broader discourses that limit the possibility of creating meaning in death in a positive way.
{"title":"Exploring death and dying through discourse","authors":"Al Whitney, Andre P Smith","doi":"10.18357/TAR0120103264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/TAR0120103264","url":null,"abstract":"While there is continuous research being done on death and dying, often theoretical abstractions are offered which are removed from the realities of lived experiences. This paper seeks to understand contemporary practices of death and dying, in a Canadian context, through an analysis of the larger discourses which structure our conceptions of death. Guided by an interpretation of Foucault’s genealogical and archaeological methodologies, current practices of death and dying are explored by tracing the history of the discourses that structure these practices, specifically the institution of medicine. This paper reaffirms the need to further explore the heterogeneity of death and dying as cultural experience and examines the ways in which those experiences are influenced by broader discourses that limit the possibility of creating meaning in death in a positive way.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127044773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1794, English philanthropist Hannah More spearheaded a venture to produce short tracts promoting morality and religion among readers ―the Cheap Repository. The predominant historiographical approach has been to examine the interaction of the Repository with the popular print marketplace. Historians such as Susan Pedersen emphasize that the tracts were intended to supplant subversive forms of popular literature, such as Thomas Paine’s Rights of Man , chapbooks, and broadsides. They argue that the Cheap Repository was an attempt at “top-down” reformation; elite writers sought to suppress the turbulence and political participation of the poor. This paper takes an alternate approach. The tracts are charitable texts which addressed middling and gentry readers as much as (or even more than) they did the poor. The Repository did not isolate labouring people and their print culture as the sole threats to the stability of England, nor did it engage solely in “top-down” moralizing. This essay shows how the Repository lays blame on the charitable practices of state poor relief and rich beneficiaries ―as well as the poor― for encouraging immorality and unrest. The Cheap Repository seeks to reform the meaning and practice of charity amongst all members of English society.
1794年，英国慈善家汉娜·莫尔(Hannah More)发起了一项冒险活动，在读者中制作宣传道德和宗教的小册子——《廉价书库》(Cheap Repository)。主要的史学方法是研究库与流行印刷市场的相互作用。苏珊·彼得森(Susan Pedersen)等历史学家强调，这些小册子旨在取代颠覆性的通俗文学形式，如托马斯·潘恩(Thomas Paine)的《人权》(Rights of Man)、小册子和海报。他们认为廉价存储库是一种“自上而下”改革的尝试;精英作家试图压制动荡和穷人的政治参与。本文采用了另一种方法。这些小册子是慈善文本，针对中产阶级和绅士的读者与穷人一样多(甚至更多)。《书库》并没有孤立劳动人民和他们的印刷文化，认为这是对英国稳定的唯一威胁，它也没有只从事“自上而下”的道德说教。这篇文章展示了《储存库》是如何指责国家救济穷人和富人受益人以及穷人的慈善行为鼓励不道德和动荡的。“廉价仓库”试图在英国社会的所有成员中改革慈善的意义和实践。
{"title":"“Warm zeal and cool judgement”: The cheap repository and English charity, 1794-1800","authors":"M. Webber","doi":"10.18357/TAR0120103261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/TAR0120103261","url":null,"abstract":"In 1794, English philanthropist Hannah More spearheaded a venture to produce short tracts promoting morality and religion among readers ―the Cheap Repository. The predominant historiographical approach has been to examine the interaction of the Repository with the popular print marketplace. Historians such as Susan Pedersen emphasize that the tracts were intended to supplant subversive forms of popular literature, such as Thomas Paine’s Rights of Man , chapbooks, and broadsides. They argue that the Cheap Repository was an attempt at “top-down” reformation; elite writers sought to suppress the turbulence and political participation of the poor. This paper takes an alternate approach. The tracts are charitable texts which addressed middling and gentry readers as much as (or even more than) they did the poor. The Repository did not isolate labouring people and their print culture as the sole threats to the stability of England, nor did it engage solely in “top-down” moralizing. This essay shows how the Repository lays blame on the charitable practices of state poor relief and rich beneficiaries ―as well as the poor― for encouraging immorality and unrest. The Cheap Repository seeks to reform the meaning and practice of charity amongst all members of English society.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114681126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research paper argues against the prominent theory articulated by William Skinner, who predicts the total assimilation of the Chinese in Thailand. In relation to Stuart Hall’s definitions of sociological subject and post-modern subject, a new perspective on identity of the ethnic Chinese in Thailand is introduced in order to assert that hybridity and cultural flexibility allow the Chinese descendants in Thailand to willingly become Thai as well as Chinese instead of becoming Thai only. This research paper explores identity politics played by the Chinese-Thai population in contemporary Thailand at the village, national, and transnational levels. Facilitated by the notions of hybridity and flexible citizenship, identity politics are embraced by the Chinese-Thais in a way that benefits not only them but also other members in the Thai society.
{"title":"Flexible Identity: Unfolding the Identity of the Chinese-Thai Population in Contemporary Thailand","authors":"Ruji Auethavornpipat","doi":"10.18357/TAR2120119061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/TAR2120119061","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper argues against the prominent theory articulated by William Skinner, who predicts the total assimilation of the Chinese in Thailand. In relation to Stuart Hall’s definitions of sociological subject and post-modern subject, a new perspective on identity of the ethnic Chinese in Thailand is introduced in order to assert that hybridity and cultural flexibility allow the Chinese descendants in Thailand to willingly become Thai as well as Chinese instead of becoming Thai only. This research paper explores identity politics played by the Chinese-Thai population in contemporary Thailand at the village, national, and transnational levels. Facilitated by the notions of hybridity and flexible citizenship, identity politics are embraced by the Chinese-Thais in a way that benefits not only them but also other members in the Thai society.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128364184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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