The purpose of this article is to analyze the videogames Battlefield 1 and Victoria II and the YouTube channels Crash Course World History and The Great War in order to show how these forms of media represent the First World War. Given the centennial of the First World War in 2014 and the end of the centennial occurring in 2018, there has been increased attention brought to the First World War, and therefore more representations of the war have been occurring in these media. Specifically, these representations affect how younger audiences view the war and will impact their knowledge of it. Although there has been scholarship in game studies, historians should engage more often with videogames and YouTube in order to ensure the wider public is receiving adequate historical representations from these media.
{"title":"Unorthodox Professors: World War One in Videogames and on YouTube","authors":"J. Crocker","doi":"10.18357/TAR81201716814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/TAR81201716814","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to analyze the videogames Battlefield 1 and Victoria II and the YouTube channels Crash Course World History and The Great War in order to show how these forms of media represent the First World War. Given the centennial of the First World War in 2014 and the end of the centennial occurring in 2018, there has been increased attention brought to the First World War, and therefore more representations of the war have been occurring in these media. Specifically, these representations affect how younger audiences view the war and will impact their knowledge of it. Although there has been scholarship in game studies, historians should engage more often with videogames and YouTube in order to ensure the wider public is receiving adequate historical representations from these media.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124052781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This descriptive qualitative study explores the key characteristics, benefits, and lessons learned from community-based choirs for persons with dementia (PwD) and their caregivers based on reports from choir administrators and directors. Although there is growing interest in choirs for PwD, there has been no synthesis of information on these choirs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between December 2016 and February 2017 with six administrators and/or directors of community-based choirs for PwD and their caregivers. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Content analyses indicated that choirs had many similarities in membership (e.g., early to mid-stage dementia), establishing formal sections (e.g., soprano, alto, tenor, bass), administration (e.g., leadership, fees), and music programming (e.g., public performance, duration, and length of practice sessions). Benefits of the choir include enjoyment, sense of purpose, empowerment, caregiver support and respite, and increased awareness of dementia by others. In conclusion, this descriptive study suggests that community-based choirs are a cost effective and valuable program that improve quality of life for PwD and caregivers.
{"title":"Musical Connections: A Descriptive Study of Community-Based Choirs for Persons with Dementia and their Caregivers","authors":"Zach Anderson, D. Sheets","doi":"10.18357/TAR81201716810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/TAR81201716810","url":null,"abstract":"This descriptive qualitative study explores the key characteristics, benefits, and lessons learned from community-based choirs for persons with dementia (PwD) and their caregivers based on reports from choir administrators and directors. Although there is growing interest in choirs for PwD, there has been no synthesis of information on these choirs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between December 2016 and February 2017 with six administrators and/or directors of community-based choirs for PwD and their caregivers. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Content analyses indicated that choirs had many similarities in membership (e.g., early to mid-stage dementia), establishing formal sections (e.g., soprano, alto, tenor, bass), administration (e.g., leadership, fees), and music programming (e.g., public performance, duration, and length of practice sessions). Benefits of the choir include enjoyment, sense of purpose, empowerment, caregiver support and respite, and increased awareness of dementia by others. In conclusion, this descriptive study suggests that community-based choirs are a cost effective and valuable program that improve quality of life for PwD and caregivers.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121819684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the 1830s to the 1870s, a cohort of French artists developed new approaches to landscape painting and became known collectively as the Barbizon School. This informal group of artists were proponents of an innovative way of painting in which nature was the central subject of their artworks. Moreover, nature was depicted without the classical idealization or polished refinement required by the French Academy at the time. Barbizon artists were also the catalysts for changes in how art was sold during the 19th century, paving the way for an open art market system that spread across the globe and continues unchanged to this day. Using Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot (1796-1875) as a case study, I establish the ways in which the Barbizon School forged new stylistic and economic possibilities for later modern art movements, most prominently Impressionism, outside the purview of the French Academy. I also highlight the ways in which the Barbizon artists and their supporters contributed to the formation of a new art market founded upon an interconnected network of producers, consumers, and distributors.
{"title":"The Barbizon School (1830-1870): Expanding the Landscape of the Modern Art Market","authors":"L. Fraser","doi":"10.18357/TAR81201716809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/TAR81201716809","url":null,"abstract":"During the 1830s to the 1870s, a cohort of French artists developed new approaches to landscape painting and became known collectively as the Barbizon School. This informal group of artists were proponents of an innovative way of painting in which nature was the central subject of their artworks. Moreover, nature was depicted without the classical idealization or polished refinement required by the French Academy at the time. Barbizon artists were also the catalysts for changes in how art was sold during the 19th century, paving the way for an open art market system that spread across the globe and continues unchanged to this day. Using Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot (1796-1875) as a case study, I establish the ways in which the Barbizon School forged new stylistic and economic possibilities for later modern art movements, most prominently Impressionism, outside the purview of the French Academy. I also highlight the ways in which the Barbizon artists and their supporters contributed to the formation of a new art market founded upon an interconnected network of producers, consumers, and distributors.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114934397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article seeks to analyze the linkages between the Imperial German Navy and Germany’s domestic sphere from the years 1897 to 1918. Prior scholarship has suggested that the expansion of the Imperial German Navy, beginning in 1897, was strongly caused by internal domestic factors. This article disagrees with this assertion, pointing out how international concerns were the main motivating factor. Nonetheless, the paper does accept the general premise that the navy played a strong role in Germany’s domestic sphere. To this end, this article analyzes how, prior to World War One, the navy was built into a national symbol aimed at overcoming the German empire’s regional particularities. This article then bridges a gap in existing scholarship by linking the pre-war symbolic importance of the navy to its experience during the war and the naval revolts that occurred in 1918. In particular, this article argues that the national idea codified in the navy prior to the war was then challenged by the navy’s generally poor experience during the First World War. This contributed to the naval revolts of 1918 which caused a reevaluation of the German nation and toppled the empire.
{"title":"The Imperial German Navy, 1897 - 1918: Negotiating the nation","authors":"J. Bachmann","doi":"10.18357/TAR71201615688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/TAR71201615688","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to analyze the linkages between the Imperial German Navy and Germany’s domestic sphere from the years 1897 to 1918. Prior scholarship has suggested that the expansion of the Imperial German Navy, beginning in 1897, was strongly caused by internal domestic factors. This article disagrees with this assertion, pointing out how international concerns were the main motivating factor. Nonetheless, the paper does accept the general premise that the navy played a strong role in Germany’s domestic sphere. To this end, this article analyzes how, prior to World War One, the navy was built into a national symbol aimed at overcoming the German empire’s regional particularities. This article then bridges a gap in existing scholarship by linking the pre-war symbolic importance of the navy to its experience during the war and the naval revolts that occurred in 1918. In particular, this article argues that the national idea codified in the navy prior to the war was then challenged by the navy’s generally poor experience during the First World War. This contributed to the naval revolts of 1918 which caused a reevaluation of the German nation and toppled the empire.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123624674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Is postural yoga evolving beyond merely a fitness practice into an important component of the spiritual lives of religious “nones” in British Columbia and perhaps elsewhere in North America? This article looks at Christian and Hindu perspectives of contemporary debates over the westernization of yoga, and utilizes qualitative survey data to investigate the spiritual value that yoga is taking on for nonreligious millennials seeking to enhance the self. Societal shifts indicate a growing cultural value of discovering one’s individual authenticity through self-development efforts, and research suggests that yoga is one way that this is being pursued. Using media coverage of two controversial Canadian incidents — the cancellation of a proposed mass yoga class on Vancouver’s Burrard Street Bridge, and the cancellation of a free annual yoga class over concerns of cultural appropriation at the University of Ottawa — this article explores different perspectives of practicing postural yoga in North America. It is argued that postural yoga is evolving into a spiritually beneficial or profitable component of the lives of many religious “nones”, and that future contestations of the practice of postural yoga may require consideration of its value in the spiritual lives of a growing population who have no religion.
{"title":"A Spiritual Profit for Western Yogis? The spiritual significance of postural yoga for religious “nones”","authors":"S. Bahan","doi":"10.18357/TAR71201615677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/TAR71201615677","url":null,"abstract":"Is postural yoga evolving beyond merely a fitness practice into an important component of the spiritual lives of religious “nones” in British Columbia and perhaps elsewhere in North America? This article looks at Christian and Hindu perspectives of contemporary debates over the westernization of yoga, and utilizes qualitative survey data to investigate the spiritual value that yoga is taking on for nonreligious millennials seeking to enhance the self. Societal shifts indicate a growing cultural value of discovering one’s individual authenticity through self-development efforts, and research suggests that yoga is one way that this is being pursued. Using media coverage of two controversial Canadian incidents — the cancellation of a proposed mass yoga class on Vancouver’s Burrard Street Bridge, and the cancellation of a free annual yoga class over concerns of cultural appropriation at the University of Ottawa — this article explores different perspectives of practicing postural yoga in North America. It is argued that postural yoga is evolving into a spiritually beneficial or profitable component of the lives of many religious “nones”, and that future contestations of the practice of postural yoga may require consideration of its value in the spiritual lives of a growing population who have no religion.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132416240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roman de la Rose is a French poem which chronicles the journey of a young man within a secluded garden setting (the Garden of Deduit). The poem was initially written by Guillaume de Lorris in c.1230 and later completed by Jean de Meun in c.1270. However, the authors’ differing literary styles have resulted in debates surrounding the poem’s meaning. In this study, I address the central interpretative problem by focusing on the illustrated garden setting of Deduit and its relation to the literary content. Ultimately, I attempt to answer the following questions: How did the medieval audience perceive the garden symbolism? Did the images make a difference in the medieval reader’s understanding of the garden? What are the possible ways in which the medieval reader could interpret this garden symbolism?
{"title":"Discovering Dèduit: An examination of the garden setting in the Roman de la Rose","authors":"Irina Ridzuan","doi":"10.18357/TAR71201615686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/TAR71201615686","url":null,"abstract":"Roman de la Rose is a French poem which chronicles the journey of a young man within a secluded garden setting (the Garden of Deduit). The poem was initially written by Guillaume de Lorris in c.1230 and later completed by Jean de Meun in c.1270. However, the authors’ differing literary styles have resulted in debates surrounding the poem’s meaning. In this study, I address the central interpretative problem by focusing on the illustrated garden setting of Deduit and its relation to the literary content. Ultimately, I attempt to answer the following questions: How did the medieval audience perceive the garden symbolism? Did the images make a difference in the medieval reader’s understanding of the garden? What are the possible ways in which the medieval reader could interpret this garden symbolism?","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129060086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Burn trauma is prevalent in both archaeological and forensic records. It causes thermogenic modifications that have implications for the discipline of anthropology. Anthropologists and medical professionals are frequently the experts called to address burn trauma cases, often in the role of forensic anthropologists. This project seeks to discuss the processes of burn trauma and the resulting changes, as well as how the professionals in the fields of archaeology, anthropology, and medicine are discussing the recovery and analysis of burned human remains. An experiment is used to demonstrate these changes and compare them to those documented by experts in the field. A literature review discusses the processes of burn trauma and the resulting thermogenic modifications that are seen in the scholarly literature on the topic. The author makes recommendations for future research, namely the inclusion of weight in the recorded factors during experimentation and continued research into the recovery of burned remains. The author argues that the bioarchaeological approach of forensic anthropology benefits from the combined experience of archaeologists, biological anthropologists, and medical experts who have a background in osteology and biomechanics.
{"title":"The Implications of Thermogenic Modification for Anthropological Recovery of Burned Bone","authors":"M. Efford","doi":"10.18357/TAR71201616054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/TAR71201616054","url":null,"abstract":"Burn trauma is prevalent in both archaeological and forensic records. It causes thermogenic modifications that have implications for the discipline of anthropology. Anthropologists and medical professionals are frequently the experts called to address burn trauma cases, often in the role of forensic anthropologists. This project seeks to discuss the processes of burn trauma and the resulting changes, as well as how the professionals in the fields of archaeology, anthropology, and medicine are discussing the recovery and analysis of burned human remains. An experiment is used to demonstrate these changes and compare them to those documented by experts in the field. A literature review discusses the processes of burn trauma and the resulting thermogenic modifications that are seen in the scholarly literature on the topic. The author makes recommendations for future research, namely the inclusion of weight in the recorded factors during experimentation and continued research into the recovery of burned remains. The author argues that the bioarchaeological approach of forensic anthropology benefits from the combined experience of archaeologists, biological anthropologists, and medical experts who have a background in osteology and biomechanics.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126706544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past few decades, Canada has implemented more equitable laws that delineate movement towards greater acceptance of gender and sexual minorities (e.g. Smith, 2008; Rayside, 2008). Despite these shifts, evidence suggests that public schools remain unsafe and non-affirming spaces for many people who identify as LGBTQ*. While efforts have been made to create safe(r) spaces for students who identify as LGBTQ*, primarily through anti-bullying policies, only a minority of Canadian schools have affirmatively recognized sexual and gender diversity in classroom learning. Some scholars assert that without accompanyingcurricular reform, anti-bullying work may promote a singular and dichotomized queer narrative: that to be LGBTQ* equates victimhood or resilience. This study — through a qualitative analysis of interviews with two English teachers, surveys from 30 Grade 10 students, and observations from a workshop with a Grade 10 class — explores the role of storytelling as a means for fostering queer-affirming spaces.
{"title":"Coming In/Out Together: Queer(ing) schools through stories of difference and vulnerability","authors":"Lindsay Cavanaugh","doi":"10.18357/TAR71201615690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/TAR71201615690","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, Canada has implemented more equitable laws that delineate movement towards greater acceptance of gender and sexual minorities (e.g. Smith, 2008; Rayside, 2008). Despite these shifts, evidence suggests that public schools remain unsafe and non-affirming spaces for many people who identify as LGBTQ*. While efforts have been made to create safe(r) spaces for students who identify as LGBTQ*, primarily through anti-bullying policies, only a minority of Canadian schools have affirmatively recognized sexual and gender diversity in classroom learning. Some scholars assert that without accompanyingcurricular reform, anti-bullying work may promote a singular and dichotomized queer narrative: that to be LGBTQ* equates victimhood or resilience. This study — through a qualitative analysis of interviews with two English teachers, surveys from 30 Grade 10 students, and observations from a workshop with a Grade 10 class — explores the role of storytelling as a means for fostering queer-affirming spaces.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131011480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elder abuse is a significant public health, social justice, and human rights issue in today’s society. Despite the recognition that elder 1 abuse affects older adults across all racial, ethnic, and cultural groups, very little is known about the experiences of elder abuse among people from diverse ethno-cultural backgrounds in Canada. The primary objective of this study is to explore the nature of elder abuse within the two largest ethno-cultural minority groups in British Columbia (BC), the Chinese and South Asians (i.e., those who were either born in or can trace their ancestry to South Asia, which includes nations such as India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nepal). Using a community-based participatory research approach,this study is a collaboration between three academics at the University of Victoria and four front-line workers from the Inter-Cultural Association of Greater Victoria (ICA), a not-for-profit, multicultural services organization for immigrants and refugees. The qualitative findings from this interview-based study reveal that cultural context, immigration status, and ethnicity are significant factors influencing experiences of elder abuse. Further, the findings provide insights into what resources — awareness and prevention — need to be developed in order to address the issue of elder abuse in these communities.
{"title":"Exploring the Nature of Elder Abuse in Ethno-Cultural Minority Groups: A community-based participatory research study","authors":"Heather Seija Marguerite Haukioja","doi":"10.18357/TAR71201615681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/TAR71201615681","url":null,"abstract":"Elder abuse is a significant public health, social justice, and human rights issue in today’s society. Despite the recognition that elder 1 abuse affects older adults across all racial, ethnic, and cultural groups, very little is known about the experiences of elder abuse among people from diverse ethno-cultural backgrounds in Canada. The primary objective of this study is to explore the nature of elder abuse within the two largest ethno-cultural minority groups in British Columbia (BC), the Chinese and South Asians (i.e., those who were either born in or can trace their ancestry to South Asia, which includes nations such as India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nepal). Using a community-based participatory research approach,this study is a collaboration between three academics at the University of Victoria and four front-line workers from the Inter-Cultural Association of Greater Victoria (ICA), a not-for-profit, multicultural services organization for immigrants and refugees. The qualitative findings from this interview-based study reveal that cultural context, immigration status, and ethnicity are significant factors influencing experiences of elder abuse. Further, the findings provide insights into what resources — awareness and prevention — need to be developed in order to address the issue of elder abuse in these communities.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121824549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.18357/AR.MAZHARIL.612015
Leila Mazhari
A popular area of discussion within “happiness studies” across disciplines is the question of whether money can buy happiness or not. Contradictory findings have encouraged an ongoing debate and keep the topic aflame among sociologists, economists, and psychologists. Recently, sociologists have branched out to consider other social factors that may bear a closer relationship to a person’s level of happiness: marital status, religiosity, work and employment, to name a few. Using quantitative methods to analyze data from the 2005-2006 World Values Survey, this paper shows that social involvement and civic participation can promote happiness among Canadians. Statistical controls rule out potential confounding variables, which are based off of past literature on happiness studies. The results suggest that social involvement does indeed promote happiness among Canadians; however, there are multiple factors which increase or decrease one’s likelihood of being socially involved. Three major influencers were identified: affluence, education and religiosity.
{"title":"The Pursuit of Happiness: The Effect of Social Involvement on Life Satisfaction in Canada","authors":"Leila Mazhari","doi":"10.18357/AR.MAZHARIL.612015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/AR.MAZHARIL.612015","url":null,"abstract":"A popular area of discussion within “happiness studies” across disciplines is the question of whether money can buy happiness or not. Contradictory findings have encouraged an ongoing debate and keep the topic aflame among sociologists, economists, and psychologists. Recently, sociologists have branched out to consider other social factors that may bear a closer relationship to a person’s level of happiness: marital status, religiosity, work and employment, to name a few. Using quantitative methods to analyze data from the 2005-2006 World Values Survey, this paper shows that social involvement and civic participation can promote happiness among Canadians. Statistical controls rule out potential confounding variables, which are based off of past literature on happiness studies. The results suggest that social involvement does indeed promote happiness among Canadians; however, there are multiple factors which increase or decrease one’s likelihood of being socially involved. Three major influencers were identified: affluence, education and religiosity.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115745058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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