Pub Date : 2019-10-15DOI: 10.37285/ijpsn.2020.13.1.4
Shivani Pola, A. Garlapati
{"title":"Synthesis, Molecular Modeling and In vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation of New Quinolin-4yl-hydrazones","authors":"Shivani Pola, A. Garlapati","doi":"10.37285/ijpsn.2020.13.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2020.13.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80897322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-07DOI: 10.37285/ijpsn.2020.13.1.2
Malviya V.R, M. Tawar
{"title":"Preparation and Evaluation of Oral Dispersible Strips of Teneligliptin Hydrobromide for Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Malviya V.R, M. Tawar","doi":"10.37285/ijpsn.2020.13.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2020.13.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86527335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanotechnology is one of the most rapidly progressing fields of technology, and it has opened up many new frontiers of research for modern society. It deals with the nanoparticles having a size of 1-100 nm in one dimension. These nano-conjugates can be prepared easily by different chemical, physical, and biological approaches. However, the green synthesis approach is the most favoured one because this method is more natural, less hazardous, and eco-friendly. Our present study gives an overview of some common medicinal weeds Heliotropium indicum (Family: Boraginaceae), Tridax procumbens (Family: Asteraceae), Cleome rutidosperma (Family: Cleomaceae), Commelina benghalensis (Family: Commelinaceae), and Euphorbia hirta (Family: Euphorbiaceae) leaf aqueous extract mediated green synthesis of silver nano-conjugates. After synthesis, silver nanoparticles were examined by using advanced characterization techniques, including UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, DLS, and FT-IR. The UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy results highlighted a single peak within the range of 402-429 nm for all the five nanoconjugates. The DLS data highlighted that the particle size of the nano-conjugates ranges between 18.17 nm105.7 nm. Whereas the similarities between the FT-IR data of the sample and nanoparticle confirm the conjugation of different bioactive compounds of the aqueous leaf extracts with the metal nanoparticles.
{"title":"\"Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nano- conjugates using Some Common Medicinal Weeds Leaf Aqueous Extracts\"","authors":"P. Ghosh, Moumita Saha, Subhadra Nandi, Titav Sengupta, Sohini Kulavi, Shaktijit Das, Sirshendu Chatterjee","doi":"10.37285/ijpsn.2020.13.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2020.13.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology is one of the most rapidly progressing fields of technology, and it has opened up many new frontiers of research for modern society. It deals with the nanoparticles having a size of 1-100 nm in one dimension. These nano-conjugates can be prepared easily by different chemical, physical, and biological approaches. However, the green synthesis approach is the most favoured one because this method is more natural, less hazardous, and eco-friendly. Our present study gives an overview of some common medicinal weeds Heliotropium indicum (Family: Boraginaceae), Tridax procumbens (Family: Asteraceae), Cleome rutidosperma (Family: Cleomaceae), Commelina benghalensis (Family: Commelinaceae), and Euphorbia hirta (Family: Euphorbiaceae) leaf aqueous extract mediated green synthesis of silver nano-conjugates. After synthesis, silver nanoparticles were examined by using advanced characterization techniques, including UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, DLS, and FT-IR. The UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy results highlighted a single peak within the range of 402-429 nm for all the five nanoconjugates. The DLS data highlighted that the particle size of the nano-conjugates ranges between 18.17 nm105.7 nm. Whereas the similarities between the FT-IR data of the sample and nanoparticle confirm the conjugation of different bioactive compounds of the aqueous leaf extracts with the metal nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":14382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73617733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.5.7
Y ShravanKumar, G. Shireesha, S. Harika
The objective of the present work was to develop sustained release matrix tablets of Metoprolol tartrate using different polymers viz. Guar gum, Xanthan gum, Kondagogu gum and HPMC K100M. The release rates were modulated by combination of two different rates controlling material and triple mixture of two different rate controlling materials. After evaluation of physical properties of tablet, the in-vitro release study was performed in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 up to 12 hrs. Dissolution data was analyzed for release kinetics. It was observed that matrix tablets contained polymer Xanthan gum was successfully sustained the release of drug up to 12 hrs. Among all the formulations, F6 which contains 45 % of Xanthan gum, release of drug which follows zero order kinetics via, swelling, diffusion and the release profile of formulation F6 was compared with marketed product. The FTIR study revealed that there was no chemical interaction between drug and excipient.
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Metoprolol Tartrate Sustained Release Matrix Tablets","authors":"Y ShravanKumar, G. Shireesha, S. Harika","doi":"10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.5.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.5.7","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present work was to develop sustained release matrix tablets of Metoprolol tartrate using different polymers viz. Guar gum, Xanthan gum, Kondagogu gum and HPMC K100M. The release rates were modulated by combination of two different rates controlling material and triple mixture of two different rate controlling materials. After evaluation of physical properties of tablet, the in-vitro release study was performed in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 up to 12 hrs. Dissolution data was analyzed for release kinetics. It was observed that matrix tablets contained polymer Xanthan gum was successfully sustained the release of drug up to 12 hrs. Among all the formulations, F6 which contains 45 % of Xanthan gum, release of drug which follows zero order kinetics via, swelling, diffusion and the release profile of formulation F6 was compared with marketed product. The FTIR study revealed that there was no chemical interaction between drug and excipient.","PeriodicalId":14382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80718951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.5.6
K. Rajitha, G Rashmitha, B. Sharanya, A. Swathi
The present study was sought to prepare Chlorphenamine (also called chlorpheniramine) maleate troches. Chlorpheni-ramine maleate (CPM) is a first-generation alkyl amine anti histamine used in the prevention of the symptoms of allergic conditions such as rhinitis and urticarial having oral bio availability about 25-50%, it undergoes first pass metabolism. Troches containing CPM was prepared by non-aqueous granulation technology using Xanthum gum, Gum acacia, HPMC K4M and tragacanth and guar gum as the polymers. The effect of varying the concentration of polymer on release of Chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) from troches was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction spectroscopy were used for physicochemical characterization. Tablets prepared were evaluated for different parameters such as average weight, hardness, Carr’s index, tapped density, friability, disintegration, content uniformity test. All the parameters were found within the specifications. The drug content was estimated by UV spectrophotometer at 261 nm. In vitro drug release studies of troches formulations were performed in artificial saliva pH 6.8 at 37±1oC. Among the all polymers used the highest drug release is shown with xanthum gum due to its less binding capacity. The in vitro release data was subjected to zero order, first order, Higuchi, Korsemeyer-Peppas, Hixon crowell and erosion model in order to establish the drug release mechanism and kinetics of drug release from the lozenge tablets.
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Chlorpheniramine Maleate Troches","authors":"K. Rajitha, G Rashmitha, B. Sharanya, A. Swathi","doi":"10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.5.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.5.6","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was sought to prepare Chlorphenamine (also called chlorpheniramine) maleate troches. Chlorpheni-ramine maleate (CPM) is a first-generation alkyl amine anti histamine used in the prevention of the symptoms of allergic conditions such as rhinitis and urticarial having oral bio availability about 25-50%, it undergoes first pass metabolism. Troches containing CPM was prepared by non-aqueous granulation technology using Xanthum gum, Gum acacia, HPMC K4M and tragacanth and guar gum as the polymers. The effect of varying the concentration of polymer on release of Chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) from troches was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction spectroscopy were used for physicochemical characterization. Tablets prepared were evaluated for different parameters such as average weight, hardness, Carr’s index, tapped density, friability, disintegration, content uniformity test. All the parameters were found within the specifications. The drug content was estimated by UV spectrophotometer at 261 nm. In vitro drug release studies of troches formulations were performed in artificial saliva pH 6.8 at 37±1oC. Among the all polymers used the highest drug release is shown with xanthum gum due to its less binding capacity. The in vitro release data was subjected to zero order, first order, Higuchi, Korsemeyer-Peppas, Hixon crowell and erosion model in order to establish the drug release mechanism and kinetics of drug release from the lozenge tablets.","PeriodicalId":14382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73891421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.5.1
Brijesh Dasvani, A. Khristi, Vanniyer Thiyagarajan
Atypical lipomatous are rare tumors that typically arise out of soft tissues in the body and common in adults. Most lipomas comprise of mature fat cells that exhibit characteristic of benign tumor by nature. They are round, motile, non-painful slow growing masses, with a characteristic soft and soggy feel, usually appear in the hypodermic area of skin. Atypical lipomas, though uncommon and slow growing can be associated with syndromes such as multiple hereditary lipomatosis, colorless adipose, Gardner's syndrome and Madelung's disease. While surgery has been the primary treatment modality, doctors have managed few patients with radiation therapy (RT). Median age of diagnosis was found in the range: 36–76 years but intramuscular lipomas may occur irrespective of age group, right from childhood to old age. However, the occurrence dominancy was found between the ages of 42 and 72 years, with the average age at presentation reported as 47 to 57 years.
{"title":"Review of Atypical Lipoma and its Natural Treatment","authors":"Brijesh Dasvani, A. Khristi, Vanniyer Thiyagarajan","doi":"10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"Atypical lipomatous are rare tumors that typically arise out of soft tissues in the body and common in adults. Most lipomas comprise of mature fat cells that exhibit characteristic of benign tumor by nature. They are round, motile, non-painful slow growing masses, with a characteristic soft and soggy feel, usually appear in the hypodermic area of skin. Atypical lipomas, though uncommon and slow growing can be associated with syndromes such as multiple hereditary lipomatosis, colorless adipose, Gardner's syndrome and Madelung's disease. While surgery has been the primary treatment modality, doctors have managed few patients with radiation therapy (RT). Median age of diagnosis was found in the range: 36–76 years but intramuscular lipomas may occur irrespective of age group, right from childhood to old age. However, the occurrence dominancy was found between the ages of 42 and 72 years, with the average age at presentation reported as 47 to 57 years.","PeriodicalId":14382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84343264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.5.3
P. Nerkar, Sameer Ansari, S. Chalikwar
A simple, isocratic, and accurate reversed phase HPLC method was developed for the quantitative determination of enzalutamide. The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Qualisil BDS C18 (250 mm x 4.6mm, 5 μm) column using methanol: ammonium acetate buffer pH 4.2 adjusted with glacial acetic acid: (60:40, v/v) as a mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and detection at 236nm. The linear range for enzalutamide were 2.0 to 10 μg/mL was obtained with correlation coefficients ≥ 0.998. The retention time was found to be 6.30min. Enzalutamide was subjected to stress conditions hydrolysis (acid, base) oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation and the stressed samples were analysed by the developed method. The method was validated for the precision, accuracy, linearity and robustness. The developed stability indicating method for enzalutamide was validated as per ICH guidelines.
{"title":"Development and Validation of Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Determination of Enzalutamide","authors":"P. Nerkar, Sameer Ansari, S. Chalikwar","doi":"10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.5.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.5.3","url":null,"abstract":"A simple, isocratic, and accurate reversed phase HPLC method was developed for the quantitative determination of enzalutamide. The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Qualisil BDS C18 (250 mm x 4.6mm, 5 μm) column using methanol: ammonium acetate buffer pH 4.2 adjusted with glacial acetic acid: (60:40, v/v) as a mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and detection at 236nm. The linear range for enzalutamide were 2.0 to 10 μg/mL was obtained with correlation coefficients ≥ 0.998. The retention time was found to be 6.30min. Enzalutamide was subjected to stress conditions hydrolysis (acid, base) oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation and the stressed samples were analysed by the developed method. The method was validated for the precision, accuracy, linearity and robustness. The developed stability indicating method for enzalutamide was validated as per ICH guidelines.","PeriodicalId":14382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"2008 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86243903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.5.4
K. Gupta, N. Kumari, N. Sinha, Akruti Gupta
Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Hymenocallis species (Spider Lilly) leaf extract was subjected for investigation of its antimicrobial property against four bacterial species (E. coli, Salmonella sp., Streptococcus sp. & Staphylococcus sp.). The results revealed that synthesized nanoparticles solution very much justify the color change property from initial light yellow to final reddish brown during the synthesis producing a characteristics absorption peak in the range of 434-466 nm. As antimicrobial agents, their efficacy was evaluated by analysis of variance in between the species and among the different concentration of AgNPs solution, which clearly showed that there was significant variation in the antibiotic property between the four different concentrations of AgNPs solution and also among four different species of bacteria taken under studies. However, silver nanoparticles solution of 1: 9 and 1:4 were proved comparatively more efficient as antimicrobial agents against four species of bacteria.
{"title":"Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Hymenocallis species (Spider Lilly) Leaf Extract as Antimicrobial Agents","authors":"K. Gupta, N. Kumari, N. Sinha, Akruti Gupta","doi":"10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.5.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.5.4","url":null,"abstract":"Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Hymenocallis species (Spider Lilly) leaf extract was subjected for investigation of its antimicrobial property against four bacterial species (E. coli, Salmonella sp., Streptococcus sp. & Staphylococcus sp.). The results revealed that synthesized nanoparticles solution very much justify the color change property from initial light yellow to final reddish brown during the synthesis producing a characteristics absorption peak in the range of 434-466 nm. As antimicrobial agents, their efficacy was evaluated by analysis of variance in between the species and among the different concentration of AgNPs solution, which clearly showed that there was significant variation in the antibiotic property between the four different concentrations of AgNPs solution and also among four different species of bacteria taken under studies. However, silver nanoparticles solution of 1: 9 and 1:4 were proved comparatively more efficient as antimicrobial agents against four species of bacteria.","PeriodicalId":14382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74698197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.5.5
S. Gande, S. Reddy, B. D. V. R. N.
Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of Nimodipine was developed with the purpose of improving the bioavailability of the drug. Based on the results of Nimodipine solubility studies Peceol, Transcutol P and PEG 400 were optimized as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant for the formulation and Pseudo ternary plots was constructed by Chemix software. Fifteen formulations of Nimodipine SNEDDS prepared and analyzed for particle size, emulsification time, percentage drug release, percentage transmittance, in vitro drug dissolution studies and thermodynamic stability. The optimized Nimodipine SNEDDS formulation (F13) subjected to drug-excipient compatibility studies by FTIR. They are analyzed for zeta potential, SEM and stability. The particle size of optimized Nimodipine SNEDDS formulation was 25.9 nm, PDI is 0.382 and zeta potential -12.7 mV that are optimal for the stability of emulsion. SEM studies of Nimodipine SNEDDS indicated spherical shape and uniform particle distribution. The drug release of formulation F13 (98.25±4.77%) was higher than pure drug (38.49±3.88%). The stability studies indicated no change in drug content, drug release, emulsifying properties and appearance. Hence a potential SNEDDS formulation of Nimodipine developed with increased dissolution rate, bioavailability and solubility.
{"title":"Enhancement of Nimodipine Solubility by Self-Nano-emulsifying Drug Delivery System","authors":"S. Gande, S. Reddy, B. D. V. R. N.","doi":"10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.5.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.5.5","url":null,"abstract":"Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of Nimodipine was developed with the purpose of improving the bioavailability of the drug. Based on the results of Nimodipine solubility studies Peceol, Transcutol P and PEG 400 were optimized as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant for the formulation and Pseudo ternary plots was constructed by Chemix software. Fifteen formulations of Nimodipine SNEDDS prepared and analyzed for particle size, emulsification time, percentage drug release, percentage transmittance, in vitro drug dissolution studies and thermodynamic stability. The optimized Nimodipine SNEDDS formulation (F13) subjected to drug-excipient compatibility studies by FTIR. They are analyzed for zeta potential, SEM and stability. The particle size of optimized Nimodipine SNEDDS formulation was 25.9 nm, PDI is 0.382 and zeta potential -12.7 mV that are optimal for the stability of emulsion. SEM studies of Nimodipine SNEDDS indicated spherical shape and uniform particle distribution. The drug release of formulation F13 (98.25±4.77%) was higher than pure drug (38.49±3.88%). The stability studies indicated no change in drug content, drug release, emulsifying properties and appearance. Hence a potential SNEDDS formulation of Nimodipine developed with increased dissolution rate, bioavailability and solubility.","PeriodicalId":14382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"44 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79489618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.4.1
Jyotimayee Nayak, P. Tripathi, N. Verma, J. Mishra
This article describes the innovative approaches to overcome the cationic toxicity inherently associated with the dendrimers. A dendrimer is a macromolecule characterized by its highly branched 3D structure that provides a high degree of surface functionality and versatility. The toxicity is attributed to the interaction of surface cationic charge of dendrimers with negatively charged biological membranes in vivo. Dendrimer toxicity in biological system is generally characterized by hemolytic toxicity, cytotoxicity and hematological toxicity. To minimize this toxicity, two strategies have been utilized; first, designing and synthesis of biocompatible dendrimers; and second, masking of peripheral charge of dendrimers by surface engineering. Biocompatible dendrimers can be synthesized by employing biodegradable core and branching units or utilizing intermediates of various metabolic pathways. Dendrimer biocompatibility has been evaluated in vitro and in vivo for efficient presentation of biological performance. Neutral and negatively charged dendrimers do not interact with biological environment and hence are compatible for clinical applications as elucidated by various studies examined in this review. Chemical modification of the surface is an important strategy to overcome the toxicity problems associated with the dendrimers.
{"title":"Pharmaceutical Applications and Safety Review of Dendrimers","authors":"Jyotimayee Nayak, P. Tripathi, N. Verma, J. Mishra","doi":"10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the innovative approaches to overcome the cationic toxicity inherently associated with the dendrimers. A dendrimer is a macromolecule characterized by its highly branched 3D structure that provides a high degree of surface functionality and versatility. The toxicity is attributed to the interaction of surface cationic charge of dendrimers with negatively charged biological membranes in vivo. Dendrimer toxicity in biological system is generally characterized by hemolytic toxicity, cytotoxicity and hematological toxicity. To minimize this toxicity, two strategies have been utilized; first, designing and synthesis of biocompatible dendrimers; and second, masking of peripheral charge of dendrimers by surface engineering. Biocompatible dendrimers can be synthesized by employing biodegradable core and branching units or utilizing intermediates of various metabolic pathways. Dendrimer biocompatibility has been evaluated in vitro and in vivo for efficient presentation of biological performance. Neutral and negatively charged dendrimers do not interact with biological environment and hence are compatible for clinical applications as elucidated by various studies examined in this review. Chemical modification of the surface is an important strategy to overcome the toxicity problems associated with the dendrimers.","PeriodicalId":14382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75165054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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