Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.1
B. Medhi, Paras Pahwa
{"title":"Nanovaccine: Current Status","authors":"B. Medhi, Paras Pahwa","doi":"10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89701439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.7
Ozioma Forstinus Nwabor, Sudarshan Singh
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is a medicinal plant with vast phytochemical diversity. Its major bioactive constituents include acylphloroglucinols, terpenoids, polyphenol, and flavonoids. Phytochemicals form the plant possess a wide range of biological activities and many are prospect as possible alternative compounds for the management of various health disorders. The review presents the antimicrobial mechanism of action of extracts from the plant and its derivative compounds as reported by published research articles. The search showed that 126 documents have been published on the chemical composition and bioactivities of the plant, in addition, 35 documents were published on rhodomyrtone, the major bioactive acylphloroglucinol from the plant. Retrieved data suggested that the plant is rich in bioactive phytochemicals including rhodomyrtone and its derivatives, Myricitrin, Piceatannol, quercetin, dihydromyricetin, kaempferol, and vitexin. Furthermore, antimicrobial assays indicated that the plant is a source of effective antimicrobial compounds with various mechanisms of action. This paper reviews current knowledge the chemical composition, pharmacology, and toxicology of the plant and its principal compound. The review is intended to inform scientists with interested in drug development on the excellent qualities of the plant and to encourage further research aimed at shedding light on its medical relevance, biocompatibility, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics.
{"title":"A Systematic Review on Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk: A Potential Source of Pharmacological Relevant Bioactive Compounds with Prospects as Alternative Remedies in Varied Medical Conditions","authors":"Ozioma Forstinus Nwabor, Sudarshan Singh","doi":"10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is a medicinal plant with vast phytochemical diversity. Its major bioactive constituents include acylphloroglucinols, terpenoids, polyphenol, and flavonoids. Phytochemicals form the plant possess a wide range of biological activities and many are prospect as possible alternative compounds for the management of various health disorders. The review presents the antimicrobial mechanism of action of extracts from the plant and its derivative compounds as reported by published research articles. The search showed that 126 documents have been published on the chemical composition and bioactivities of the plant, in addition, 35 documents were published on rhodomyrtone, the major bioactive acylphloroglucinol from the plant. Retrieved data suggested that the plant is rich in bioactive phytochemicals including rhodomyrtone and its derivatives, Myricitrin, Piceatannol, quercetin, dihydromyricetin, kaempferol, and vitexin. Furthermore, antimicrobial assays indicated that the plant is a source of effective antimicrobial compounds with various mechanisms of action. This paper reviews current knowledge the chemical composition, pharmacology, and toxicology of the plant and its principal compound. The review is intended to inform scientists with interested in drug development on the excellent qualities of the plant and to encourage further research aimed at shedding light on its medical relevance, biocompatibility, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics.","PeriodicalId":14382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"70 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76250319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.11
Neelima Mandloi, Kuldeep Vinchurkar, D. Mishra, Pankaj Dixit
3D Printing technology also known as Additive Manufacturing is a rapid prototyping process that construct solid product with various geometrics by successive layers of material by the use of Computer-Aided Design (CAD). The introduction of 3DP technology in the pharmaceutical industry has opened new horizons in the research and development of printed materials and devices. The main benefit of 3DP lies in the production of small batches of medicines each with tailored dosages, shape, size, and release characteristics. This paper presents the current status of research and development in 3DP technology, background and basic procedure involved in 3DP, main components and types of 3DP, different methods and polymers used, advantages, limitations, and applications of 3D printing technology.
{"title":"3D Printing for Drug Delivery and its Pharmaceutical Applications – Recent Findings and Challenges","authors":"Neelima Mandloi, Kuldeep Vinchurkar, D. Mishra, Pankaj Dixit","doi":"10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"3D Printing technology also known as Additive Manufacturing is a rapid prototyping process that construct solid product with various geometrics by successive layers of material by the use of Computer-Aided Design (CAD). The introduction of 3DP technology in the pharmaceutical industry has opened new horizons in the research and development of printed materials and devices. The main benefit of 3DP lies in the production of small batches of medicines each with tailored dosages, shape, size, and release characteristics. This paper presents the current status of research and development in 3DP technology, background and basic procedure involved in 3DP, main components and types of 3DP, different methods and polymers used, advantages, limitations, and applications of 3D printing technology.","PeriodicalId":14382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91097288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.8
A. Sreedevi, Sangeetha, Sai Sruth Kaveripakam, Murali Mohan Achari Kamsali
Objectives: Jasminum auriculatum is a traditional medicinal plant that is valued for its benefits in the management of various diseases and disorders. Owing to its increasing ethnomedicinal relevance proper identification is essential to ameliorate its adulteration. In this view, the present study aimed to provide requisite Pharmacognostic details and HPTLC fingerprint profile for the roots of Jasminum auriculatum. Methodology: The study included the evaluation of morphological and microscopic characters, Physicochemical properties, Fluorescence analysis, Preliminary phytochemical studies, estimation of total flavonoid and phenolic content, and HPTLC fingerprint profiling. Results: The microscopic studies showed the presence of periderm with ovoid cells, thick cortical zone, Secondary phloem, and secondary xylem. The physicochemical studies aided in the assessment of quality control parameters. Fluorescence analysis imparted characteristic colors on the treatment of the root powder with various reagents. Preliminary phytochemical studies reported the presence of flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and other phenolic compounds. The developed qualitative densitometric HPTLC fingerprint can be used as an identifying biochemical marker for ethanol extract of roots of Jasminum auriculatum. Conclusion: The current study provides the information and serves as a quality control parameter for the proper identification of roots of this medicinal plant thereupon bestowing to the scientific world of research.
{"title":"Pharmacognostical Standardization and HPTLC Finger Print of Roots of Jasminum Auriculatum","authors":"A. Sreedevi, Sangeetha, Sai Sruth Kaveripakam, Murali Mohan Achari Kamsali","doi":"10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Jasminum auriculatum is a traditional medicinal plant that is valued for its benefits in the management of various diseases and disorders. Owing to its increasing ethnomedicinal relevance proper identification is essential to ameliorate its adulteration. In this view, the present study aimed to provide requisite Pharmacognostic details and HPTLC fingerprint profile for the roots of Jasminum auriculatum. \u0000Methodology: The study included the evaluation of morphological and microscopic characters, Physicochemical properties, Fluorescence analysis, Preliminary phytochemical studies, estimation of total flavonoid and phenolic content, and HPTLC fingerprint profiling. \u0000Results: The microscopic studies showed the presence of periderm with ovoid cells, thick cortical zone, Secondary phloem, and secondary xylem. The physicochemical studies aided in the assessment of quality control parameters. Fluorescence analysis imparted characteristic colors on the treatment of the root powder with various reagents. Preliminary phytochemical studies reported the presence of flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and other phenolic compounds. The developed qualitative densitometric HPTLC fingerprint can be used as an identifying biochemical marker for ethanol extract of roots of Jasminum auriculatum. \u0000Conclusion: The current study provides the information and serves as a quality control parameter for the proper identification of roots of this medicinal plant thereupon bestowing to the scientific world of research.","PeriodicalId":14382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85173778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.3
Balwan Singh, Manishita R. Sharma
Introduction: Candesartan cilexetil is an angiotensin receptor blocker prescribed for hypertension management. However the drug belonging to BCS class II has low solubility and in turn low bioavailability. Lipid-based drug delivery systems are gaining wide attention in the field of pharmaceutical formulations owing to their potential to enhance the solubility of poorly aqueous soluble drugs. Objective: “Present” work aimed to formulate and evaluate Candesartan cilexetil loaded Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) as a potential antihypertensive drug delivery system by improving its solubility Methods: Formulation of drug incorporated SEDDS was carried out using various oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants. Preliminary solubility studies in these excipients were performed followed by the construction of a Pseudoternary phase diagram for optimization of all three excipient concentrations. After this, SEDDS of Candesartan were formulated and evaluated for clarity, phase separation, drug content, % transmittance, globule size, freeze-thaw, in vitro dissolution studies, and particle size analyses. Results: Observation from preliminary solubility studies resulted in the selection of Acrosyl k-160 (oil phase), Labrafac PG (surfactant), and Transcutol-P (co-surfactant). A pseudo ternary phase diagram was constructed to optimize the concentration ranges of chosen oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant. In total twelve formulations were prepared and evaluated for various parameters. FTIR analysis indicated negligible drug excipient interaction. CF11 was identified as the optimal formulation based on the particle size of an average of about 50.2nm, drug content (98.66%), and in vitro release profile, with a drug release of 99.41±5.79 % after one hour. The formulations were also put through thirty-day thermodynamic stability studies and were found to be stable Conclusion: SEDDS can be formulated to improve the dissolution and oral bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug Candesartan, according to the findings of this study.
{"title":"0Formulation and Evaluation of Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems for Candesartan Cilexetil","authors":"Balwan Singh, Manishita R. Sharma","doi":"10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Candesartan cilexetil is an angiotensin receptor blocker prescribed for hypertension management. However the drug belonging to BCS class II has low solubility and in turn low bioavailability. Lipid-based drug delivery systems are gaining wide attention in the field of pharmaceutical formulations owing to their potential to enhance the solubility of poorly aqueous soluble drugs. \u0000Objective: “Present” work aimed to formulate and evaluate Candesartan cilexetil loaded Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) as a potential antihypertensive drug delivery system by improving its solubility \u0000Methods: Formulation of drug incorporated SEDDS was carried out using various oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants. Preliminary solubility studies in these excipients were performed followed by the construction of a Pseudoternary phase diagram for optimization of all three excipient concentrations. After this, SEDDS of Candesartan were formulated and evaluated for clarity, phase separation, drug content, % transmittance, globule size, freeze-thaw, in vitro dissolution studies, and particle size analyses. \u0000Results: Observation from preliminary solubility studies resulted in the selection of Acrosyl k-160 (oil phase), Labrafac PG (surfactant), and Transcutol-P (co-surfactant). A pseudo ternary phase diagram was constructed to optimize the concentration ranges of chosen oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant. In total twelve formulations were prepared and evaluated for various parameters. FTIR analysis indicated negligible drug excipient interaction. CF11 was identified as the optimal formulation based on the particle size of an average of about 50.2nm, drug content (98.66%), and in vitro release profile, with a drug release of 99.41±5.79 % after one hour. The formulations were also put through thirty-day thermodynamic stability studies and were found to be stable \u0000Conclusion: SEDDS can be formulated to improve the dissolution and oral bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug Candesartan, according to the findings of this study.","PeriodicalId":14382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89809090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transdermal delivery has the benefit of bypassing the first-pass effect and allowing for long-term drug release. The stratum corneum (SC), on the other hand, creates a barrier, which limits drug delivery. Microneedles are a painless, less invasive, and easy-to-use transdermal drug delivery system that has a high drug bioavailability. The transdermal method has been investigated for a variety of drugs because of its advantages of bypassing the first-pass effect and allowing for long-term drug release. The distribution of numerous medicinal substances across the skin has become difficult due to the skin’s strong barrier qualities, particularly the stratum corneum, only a few medications with appropriate physicochemical qualities (molecular weight 500 Da, enough lipophilicity, and low melting point) can be delivered efficiently through the skin. Hydrophilic medicines and macromolecular agents such as peptides, DNA, and small interfering RNA, on the other hand, are difficult to transport. Drug penetration into the SC can be accomplished by bypassing or reversibly disrupting the SC layer using a variety of methods. The use of micron-scale needles in improving skin permeability has recently been proposed and proved to greatly increase permeation, especially for macromolecules. Microneedles (MNs) can pass through the skin’s SC layer and into the live epidermis, avoiding nerve fibers and blood vessels, which are mostly found in the dermal layer. Hypodermic needles, topical creams, and transdermal patches are the most common methods for transdermal drug administration. Microneedles are a novel type of delivery method that helps to improve medication administration through this route while also solving the issues that come with traditional formulations. The fundamental mechanism entails disrupting the skin layer, resulting in micron-sized channels that lead the medication directly to the epidermis or upper dermis region, where it can bypass the barrier and enter the systemic circulation.
{"title":"Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery: A Systematic Review","authors":"Dongare Rohini Suryabhan, Amate Shraddha Balasaheb","doi":"10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Transdermal delivery has the benefit of bypassing the first-pass effect and allowing for long-term drug release. The stratum corneum (SC), on the other hand, creates a barrier, which limits drug delivery. Microneedles are a painless, less invasive, and easy-to-use transdermal drug delivery system that has a high drug bioavailability. The transdermal method has been investigated for a variety of drugs because of its advantages of bypassing the first-pass effect and allowing for long-term drug release. The distribution of numerous medicinal substances across the skin has become difficult due to the skin’s strong barrier qualities, particularly the stratum corneum, only a few medications with appropriate physicochemical qualities (molecular weight 500 Da, enough lipophilicity, and low melting point) can be delivered efficiently through the skin. Hydrophilic medicines and macromolecular agents such as peptides, DNA, and small interfering RNA, on the other hand, are difficult to transport. Drug penetration into the SC can be accomplished by bypassing or reversibly disrupting the SC layer using a variety of methods. The use of micron-scale needles in improving skin permeability has recently been proposed and proved to greatly increase permeation, especially for macromolecules. Microneedles (MNs) can pass through the skin’s SC layer and into the live epidermis, avoiding nerve fibers and blood vessels, which are mostly found in the dermal layer. Hypodermic needles, topical creams, and transdermal patches are the most common methods for transdermal drug administration. Microneedles are a novel type of delivery method that helps to improve medication administration through this route while also solving the issues that come with traditional formulations. The fundamental mechanism entails disrupting the skin layer, resulting in micron-sized channels that lead the medication directly to the epidermis or upper dermis region, where it can bypass the barrier and enter the systemic circulation.","PeriodicalId":14382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91114368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.5
K. Chandak, Shalaka Dabhekar, A. Bhuya, Dr. Milind J Umekar
Background: Andrographis paniculata (Acanthaceae) is an annual herb and the whole herb is traditionally reported to be used in treatment of diabetes mellitus. Objective: To investigate the anti-diabetic potential of dried juice of Andrographis paniculata leaves in alloxan induced diabetic rats as the decoction of whole plant is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus traditionally. Method: The fresh leaves of A. paniculata herb were collected and grinded with distilled water into a fine slurry. The resulting juice was filtered and concentrated and used for the study. Three doses (50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg) of dried juice of leaves were orally administered to the diabetic rats to evaluate blood glucose lowering effect. Metformin hydrochloride drug (120mg/kg) was used as a reference standard. The blood glucose level was measured at 0, 1, 3 and 5 hours after the treatment. Results: After single administration of dried juice of leaves with 50 mg/kg dose there was significant reduction of blood glucose level at 3rd and 5th hour of administration and the % reduction was 24.8 and 37.51 respectively. Similarly 100mg/kg of extract dose showed significant reduction in blood glucose level at1st, 3rd and 5th hour of administration with % reduction of 20.6, 35.2 and 48.28 respectively whereas 200 mg/kg dose caused significant reduction in blood glucose level after 1st, 3rd and 5th hour of intervals and the % reduction was of 21.48, 41.0 and 52.6 respectively. Conclusion: All the three doses of dried juice (50, 100 and 200mg/kg) showed the maximum% reduction in blood glucose level after 5th hour of administration (37.51%, 48.28% and 52.6% respectively) as compared with diabetic control. This in vivo study shows that A. paniculata leaves has significant antidiabetic potential in a dose dependant manner and the results are comparable with the reference standard drug.
{"title":"Assessment of Antidiabetic Activity of Dried Juice of Andrographis Paniculata Leaves in Alloxan induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"K. Chandak, Shalaka Dabhekar, A. Bhuya, Dr. Milind J Umekar","doi":"10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Andrographis paniculata (Acanthaceae) is an annual herb and the whole herb is traditionally reported to be used in treatment of diabetes mellitus. \u0000Objective: To investigate the anti-diabetic potential of dried juice of Andrographis paniculata leaves in alloxan induced diabetic rats as the decoction of whole plant is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus traditionally. \u0000Method: The fresh leaves of A. paniculata herb were collected and grinded with distilled water into a fine slurry. The resulting juice was filtered and concentrated and used for the study. Three doses (50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg) of dried juice of leaves were orally administered to the diabetic rats to evaluate blood glucose lowering effect. Metformin hydrochloride drug (120mg/kg) was used as a reference standard. The blood glucose level was measured at 0, 1, 3 and 5 hours after the treatment. \u0000Results: After single administration of dried juice of leaves with 50 mg/kg dose there was significant reduction of blood glucose level at 3rd and 5th hour of administration and the % reduction was 24.8 and 37.51 respectively. Similarly 100mg/kg of extract dose showed significant reduction in blood glucose level at1st, 3rd and 5th hour of administration with % reduction of 20.6, 35.2 and 48.28 respectively whereas 200 mg/kg dose caused significant reduction in blood glucose level after 1st, 3rd and 5th hour of intervals and the % reduction was of 21.48, 41.0 and 52.6 respectively. \u0000Conclusion: All the three doses of dried juice (50, 100 and 200mg/kg) showed the maximum% reduction in blood glucose level after 5th hour of administration (37.51%, 48.28% and 52.6% respectively) as compared with diabetic control. This in vivo study shows that A. paniculata leaves has significant antidiabetic potential in a dose dependant manner and the results are comparable with the reference standard drug.","PeriodicalId":14382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79172337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.2
Bandenawaz Ramadurg, R. Jat, S. Badami
Objective: Careya arborea bark is known for its cytotoxic, antioxidant and anticancer activities. However, the root has not been studied so far for its biological properties. Preliminary studies carried out by us indicated strong cytotoxic and antioxidant effects in vitro of the crude methanol extract of its root. Hence, in the present study, the root extract was examined for its solid tumour inhibition properties in DLA induced mice. Methods: The root was collected and extracted with methanol by the Soxhlet method. The mice were divided into five groups comprising normal, positive control, standard and extract at two doses. The methanol extract of the root at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight was given to DLA induced solid tumour in mice. The treatments were given for 14 days and the anti-tumour, haematological and biochemical estimations were carried out. Results: The methanol extract at both doses significantly inhibited the increase in solid tumour weight, reversed the biochemical and Haematological parameters affected by the DLA towards the normal indicating its anti-tumour nature. The microscopic observations of the sections of the liver of treated mice also indicated the activity. However, the activity was found to be less than that of the standard. Conclusions: The study confirms that like its bark, the root also possess the anti-tumour activity and probably the whole plant may possess anti-tumour active necessitating the need to isolate its active constituents.
{"title":"Anti-tumour Activity of the Methanol Extract of Careya Arborea Root against Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites induced Solid Tumour in Mice","authors":"Bandenawaz Ramadurg, R. Jat, S. Badami","doi":"10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Careya arborea bark is known for its cytotoxic, antioxidant and anticancer activities. However, the root has not been studied so far for its biological properties. Preliminary studies carried out by us indicated strong cytotoxic and antioxidant effects in vitro of the crude methanol extract of its root. Hence, in the present study, the root extract was examined for its solid tumour inhibition properties in DLA induced mice. \u0000Methods: The root was collected and extracted with methanol by the Soxhlet method. The mice were divided into five groups comprising normal, positive control, standard and extract at two doses. The methanol extract of the root at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight was given to DLA induced solid tumour in mice. The treatments were given for 14 days and the anti-tumour, haematological and biochemical estimations were carried out. \u0000Results: The methanol extract at both doses significantly inhibited the increase in solid tumour weight, reversed the biochemical and Haematological parameters affected by the DLA towards the normal indicating its anti-tumour nature. The microscopic observations of the sections of the liver of treated mice also indicated the activity. However, the activity was found to be less than that of the standard. \u0000Conclusions: The study confirms that like its bark, the root also possess the anti-tumour activity and probably the whole plant may possess anti-tumour active necessitating the need to isolate its active constituents.","PeriodicalId":14382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76888882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drug abuse and drug menace refer to the illegal, non-medical use of a limited number of chemicals, the majority of which has the property of altering a person's mental state in ways that are deemed improper, undesirable, unpleasant, and hazardous to the user's life and the lives of others. Alcohol, heroin, cocaine, opium, and marijuana are some of the narcotics that are overused. Adolescents appear to be the primary focus of this drug threat and abuse. The immediate causes of drug addiction among youth are curiosity, peer pressure, and the availability of drugs such as cigarettes and alcohol. When friends are in the company of bad friends, especially in senior high schools, they are pressured to use drugs. On our television and radio stations, there is a "naked" advertisement for alcohol, cigarettes, and other non-medicated substances, these are dangerous medications that are being promoted as effective performance enhancers. These drugs are even advertised to the public as a laxative, and the most aggravating part is that locations, where they may be purchased in big numbers, are advertised. The availability of drugs to society's youth and society is both a cause of cancer. Today's youth are inquisitive. They want to see if whatever they see and hear is effective. This insatiable curiosity can sometimes be dangerous, even lethal. Some people become addicted to drugs as a result of their curiosity. The author of this paper intends to look into the causes, effects, and control of this problem, as well as the social and cultural aspects of drug usage.
{"title":"A Review on: Drug Abuse Among Youth","authors":"Amate Shraddha Balasaheb, Dongare Rohini Suryabhan ., Amrute Tejas Uddhav","doi":"10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Drug abuse and drug menace refer to the illegal, non-medical use of a limited number of chemicals, the majority of which has the property of altering a person's mental state in ways that are deemed improper, undesirable, unpleasant, and hazardous to the user's life and the lives of others. Alcohol, heroin, cocaine, opium, and marijuana are some of the narcotics that are overused. Adolescents appear to be the primary focus of this drug threat and abuse. The immediate causes of drug addiction among youth are curiosity, peer pressure, and the availability of drugs such as cigarettes and alcohol. When friends are in the company of bad friends, especially in senior high schools, they are pressured to use drugs. On our television and radio stations, there is a \"naked\" advertisement for alcohol, cigarettes, and other non-medicated substances, these are dangerous medications that are being promoted as effective performance enhancers. These drugs are even advertised to the public as a laxative, and the most aggravating part is that locations, where they may be purchased in big numbers, are advertised. The availability of drugs to society's youth and society is both a cause of cancer. Today's youth are inquisitive. They want to see if whatever they see and hear is effective. This insatiable curiosity can sometimes be dangerous, even lethal. Some people become addicted to drugs as a result of their curiosity. The author of this paper intends to look into the causes, effects, and control of this problem, as well as the social and cultural aspects of drug usage.","PeriodicalId":14382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"32 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75935777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.2.4
Widad Babelly, Abduljalil Ghrewaty, M. K. Dababo
Background: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) detection is a crucial laboratory test for diagnosing systemic autoimmune disorders and is commonly the initial step in autoantibodies screening. ANA are immunoglobulins that differentiate a wide range of nuclear and cytoplasmic components. ANAs are consistently present in the sera of patients with a variety of rheumatic disorders. The purpose of the study was to investigate the kinds and the expansion of disease-specific antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and their link to rheumatic disorders in the general Syrian people. Method: Immunofluorescence (IIF) was used for testing ANA in serum samples gained from 529 patients. Individualities positive for IF ANA were further tested for disease specific ANAs using line Immunoblot assay. Results: Based on the result of the IF ANA assay, the rates of positive samples were 7.9%. Anti-SSA/Ro and anti-dsDNA antibodies were detected in 7and 6 individuals, respectively, anti Scl70, anti-Nucleosome, anti-U1-RNP, anti-CENP B were detected in 4 different individuals, but anti-Sm, anti-PCNA, and anti-Jo-1 antibodies were undetectable. Among 42 IF ANA positive individualities, 24 were found to have disease specific ANAs: nine SLE, three Sclerosis, and two rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusions ANA should generally not be examined without a clinical indication. Positive ANA finding in the absence of clinical symptoms and signs has limited diagnostic usefulness and should be interpreted by a rheumatologist constantly, in the context of clinical symptoms and the results of laboratory tests for specific autoantibodies.
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