Pub Date : 2015-04-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0137-0146
D. Nguyen, T. Nguyen, D. Nguyen, D. Nguyen
In Vietnam, the ceramic industry is one of the construction material production sectors that has large emission of CO2 - the major greenhouse gas, since it consumes a large amount of fossil fuels. This research aims at preliminarily estimating the CO2 emission factors for two major kiln technologies currently used in ceramic production sector in Vietnam, namely the traditional kiln and tunnel kiln. For this purpose, field measurements of CO2 concentration in stack flue gases of two ceramic factories in Hanoi City, Vietnam were conducted. The results of data analysis have shown that the traditional kiln has higher CO2 emission factors compared to those of tunnel kiln. The low energy efficiency and high energy consumption of the traditional kiln are the major causes for its higher CO2 emission factors.
{"title":"Comparing CO2 Emission Factors Estimated Using Stack Flue Gas Measurement Data for Two Types of Ceramic Kiln: A Case Study in Hanoi City, Vietnam","authors":"D. Nguyen, T. Nguyen, D. Nguyen, D. Nguyen","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0137-0146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0137-0146","url":null,"abstract":"In Vietnam, the ceramic industry is one of the construction material production sectors that has large emission of CO2 - the major greenhouse gas, since it consumes a large amount of fossil fuels. This research aims at preliminarily estimating the CO2 emission factors for two major kiln technologies currently used in ceramic production sector in Vietnam, namely the traditional kiln and tunnel kiln. For this purpose, field measurements of CO2 concentration in stack flue gases of two ceramic factories in Hanoi City, Vietnam were conducted. The results of data analysis have shown that the traditional kiln has higher CO2 emission factors compared to those of tunnel kiln. The low energy efficiency and high energy consumption of the traditional kiln are the major causes for its higher CO2 emission factors.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"137-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90023689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0099-0106
S. Sarsam
Road construction is a great investment, and annual industry. Yet there is no international rating system for highways and roads design and construction comparable to the LEED rating system for buildings, or the Energy Star system for appliances. Sustainable highway infrastructure design requires a good balance between environment, cost and social aspects. Green design for roads should have a voluntary sustainability rating system for roadway design, construction, and maintenance. It should be applicable to all roadway projects including new, reconstructed and rehabilitated roadways. It awards credits point for sustainable choices and practices and can be used to assess roadway project sustainability. The rating system can be used to rank, score and compare different road projects for their overall performance toward being more sustainable than an average road project. The philosophy of the suggested rating systems will be based on different categories, each of which explain one sustainability attribute and covers different topics in subcategories. The aim of this work is to study the feasibility of using sustainable rating system for roadway project after considering the local environmental conditions, economy, and materials processing actions available. A questionnaire was designed which includes all the design categories, and was distributed to 150 participant including site engineers, design engineers, pavement contractors, material supplier contractors and road users (drivers and pedestrian). The impacts of roadway design and construction and suggested credits were obtained, these categories and credits are as important as the roadway design itself.
{"title":"Sustainable and Green Roadway Rating System","authors":"S. Sarsam","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0099-0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0099-0106","url":null,"abstract":"Road construction is a great investment, and annual industry. Yet there is no international rating system for highways and roads design and construction comparable to the LEED rating system for buildings, or the Energy Star system for appliances. Sustainable highway infrastructure design requires a good balance between environment, cost and social aspects. Green design for roads should have a voluntary sustainability rating system for roadway design, construction, and maintenance. It should be applicable to all roadway projects including new, reconstructed and rehabilitated roadways. It awards credits point for sustainable choices and practices and can be used to assess roadway project sustainability. The rating system can be used to rank, score and compare different road projects for their overall performance toward being more sustainable than an average road project. The philosophy of the suggested rating systems will be based on different categories, each of which explain one sustainability attribute and covers different topics in subcategories. The aim of this work is to study the feasibility of using sustainable rating system for roadway project after considering the local environmental conditions, economy, and materials processing actions available. A questionnaire was designed which includes all the design categories, and was distributed to 150 participant including site engineers, design engineers, pavement contractors, material supplier contractors and road users (drivers and pedestrian). The impacts of roadway design and construction and suggested credits were obtained, these categories and credits are as important as the roadway design itself.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88309051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0088-0098
G. Sahakyan, H. Harutyunyan, G. Artsruni
It was hypothesized that the biological activity of external electrostatic fields is a result of field-induced physical processes on the cell membrane. Membrane is a dynamic lipoprotein structure and even the marginal changes of its physical parameters will be reflected on the structural and functional state of bilayer. For revealing the possible changes, the lipidprotein interactions in rat erythrocyte membranes after the in vivo chronic influence (6 days, 6 hours per day) of 200 kV/m electrostatic field were investigated. The biophysical parameters of erythrocyte ghosts were investigated by spectrofluorimetric method using the fluorescent probes 1-anilinonaftalene-8-sulfonate and pyrene. Oxidative modifications of membrane components were investigated also. The data obtained established that the field influence leads to the redistribution of membrane surface charge. It increases the immersion degree of the peripheral proteins in lipid bilayer and, in all probability, induces the conformational alterations of membrane integral proteins. These changes can be induced by the direct influence of field on the membranes and/or they can be a result of the field-generated changes in metabolic cascades. Our results emphasize the importance of membrane proteins in realization of the effect of electrostatic field.
{"title":"Biological Activity of External Electrostatic Field Exceeding the Natural Background: Erythrocyte Plasma Membrane Target","authors":"G. Sahakyan, H. Harutyunyan, G. Artsruni","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0088-0098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0088-0098","url":null,"abstract":"It was hypothesized that the biological activity of external electrostatic fields is a result of field-induced physical processes on the cell membrane. Membrane is a dynamic lipoprotein structure and even the marginal changes of its physical parameters will be reflected on the structural and functional state of bilayer. For revealing the possible changes, the lipidprotein interactions in rat erythrocyte membranes after the in vivo chronic influence (6 days, 6 hours per day) of 200 kV/m electrostatic field were investigated. The biophysical parameters of erythrocyte ghosts were investigated by spectrofluorimetric method using the fluorescent probes 1-anilinonaftalene-8-sulfonate and pyrene. Oxidative modifications of membrane components were investigated also. The data obtained established that the field influence leads to the redistribution of membrane surface charge. It increases the immersion degree of the peripheral proteins in lipid bilayer and, in all probability, induces the conformational alterations of membrane integral proteins. These changes can be induced by the direct influence of field on the membranes and/or they can be a result of the field-generated changes in metabolic cascades. Our results emphasize the importance of membrane proteins in realization of the effect of electrostatic field.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"88-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85149627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0107-0118
P. Nwofe
Proper waste management is a fundamental key to environmental sustainability. In this study, the municipal solid waste management and disposal methods in Abakaliki Metropolis, Ebonyi State, Nigeria is presented. The characteristics and composition of these wastes and the environmental issues associated with its management are also investigated. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain primary data from a random size of population in the areas that have the highest accumulation of heaps of solid wastes in the Government designated waste dumping sites and open spaces on the major streets within the metropolis. Environmental and health issues arising from the unsustainable management of the wastes were assessed from oral interviews and field observations in the study areas. The results indicates that the waste dump sites (designated and non-designated) on the major streets and several open spaces are left unattended for long periods such that the rubbish heaps; encroach on the roads thereby limiting the road users access, generate serious air pollution issues, constitute significant nuisance when blown over by winds, and distorts the aesthetic view of the metropolis. The results also show that the composition of the wastes in the metropolis is heterogeneous because it contains both biodegradable and non- biodegradable materials such as e-wastes, plastic, polythene materials, hospital wastes, and hair designers wastes amongst others. The study strongly recommend that Ebonyi State Environmental Protection Agency (EBSEPA) be made to sit up on their functions while Government should strongly consider introducing "waste to energy" as a way of curbing the menace of waste management and simultaneously solving the energy needs of the State.
{"title":"Management and Disposal of Municipal Solid Wastes in Abakaliki Metropolis, Ebonyi State, Nigeria","authors":"P. Nwofe","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0107-0118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0107-0118","url":null,"abstract":"Proper waste management is a fundamental key to environmental sustainability. In this study, the municipal solid waste management and disposal methods in Abakaliki Metropolis, Ebonyi State, Nigeria is presented. The characteristics and composition of these wastes and the environmental issues associated with its management are also investigated. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain primary data from a random size of population in the areas that have the highest accumulation of heaps of solid wastes in the Government designated waste dumping sites and open spaces on the major streets within the metropolis. Environmental and health issues arising from the unsustainable management of the wastes were assessed from oral interviews and field observations in the study areas. The results indicates that the waste dump sites (designated and non-designated) on the major streets and several open spaces are left unattended for long periods such that the rubbish heaps; encroach on the roads thereby limiting the road users access, generate serious air pollution issues, constitute significant nuisance when blown over by winds, and distorts the aesthetic view of the metropolis. The results also show that the composition of the wastes in the metropolis is heterogeneous because it contains both biodegradable and non- biodegradable materials such as e-wastes, plastic, polythene materials, hospital wastes, and hair designers wastes amongst others. The study strongly recommend that Ebonyi State Environmental Protection Agency (EBSEPA) be made to sit up on their functions while Government should strongly consider introducing \"waste to energy\" as a way of curbing the menace of waste management and simultaneously solving the energy needs of the State.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"66 1","pages":"107-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76669416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0119-0128
K. Verma, A. Alam
Economically important crops are frequently facing many stresses, such as salt stress. They have developed an antioxidant defense network for preventing and repairing oxidative damage caused by salt stress. In this study, Brassica juncea seedlings were subjected to salt stress (NaCl) for time course analysis (1 st -5 th day) of heme oxygenase1 (HO1) activity along with other antioxidant enzymes. Treatment of salt induced lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content in root tissue as days of treatment increased. However, 1 st and 2 nd day of treatment did not modify these parameters, were similar to control values. HO1, Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Peroxidase (POD) and Glutathione reductase (GR) activities were highest at 5 th day of treatment. Gene expression pattern of HO1 was similar as shown in biochemical analysis. These results showed that HO1 along with other antioxidant enzymes play an essential protective role against salt stress in B. juncea seedlings.
{"title":"Role of Heme Oxygenase1 in Alteration of Antioxidant Defense Responses of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. under Salt Stress Condition","authors":"K. Verma, A. Alam","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0119-0128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0119-0128","url":null,"abstract":"Economically important crops are frequently facing many stresses, such as salt stress. They have developed an antioxidant defense network for preventing and repairing oxidative damage caused by salt stress. In this study, Brassica juncea seedlings were subjected to salt stress (NaCl) for time course analysis (1 st -5 th day) of heme oxygenase1 (HO1) activity along with other antioxidant enzymes. Treatment of salt induced lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content in root tissue as days of treatment increased. However, 1 st and 2 nd day of treatment did not modify these parameters, were similar to control values. HO1, Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Peroxidase (POD) and Glutathione reductase (GR) activities were highest at 5 th day of treatment. Gene expression pattern of HO1 was similar as shown in biochemical analysis. These results showed that HO1 along with other antioxidant enzymes play an essential protective role against salt stress in B. juncea seedlings.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"119-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79955427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0062-0070
M. Khanhasani, K. Sagheb‐Talebi, F. Noori, Y. Khodakarami
This study was aimed to determine the relationship of some effective environmental characteristics on dispersion of three species of Oak (Q. infectoria, Q. libani and Q. brantii) in northern Zagros forests. Regarding to the geographical direction and landform, 54 circular sample plots, each 500 m 2 have been established considering the presence of at least small group of the study species. In each sample plot, a soil profile has been prepared to routine soil testing. SAS 9/2 and SPSS v.22 and PC-ORD for Win.Ver.4.17 Mc software were used to analyze the data. Result indicated that distribution of oak species is related to the soil characteristics and topographic conditions, except C%, the other variables have significance differences and the parameters of greatest value in describing the habitats of the species were pH, CaCO3, Clay, Sand and Altitude. Comparison of these species showed Q. brantii and Q. infectoria habitats are closer to each other while Q. libani has special nisch ecologic and more restricted habitat and Q. brantii has wider distribution range.
本研究旨在探讨扎格罗斯北部森林中感染栎(Q. infectoria)、利巴尼栎(Q. libani)和布兰栎(Q. brantii)三种栎树(Q. inectoria)的一些有效环境特征与分布的关系。在地理方向和地形方面，考虑到至少一小群研究物种的存在，已经建立了54个圆形样地，每个样地500平方米。在每个样地中，准备了土壤剖面以进行常规土壤测试。采用SAS 9/2、SPSS v.22和PC-ORD for Win.Ver.4.17 Mc软件对数据进行分析。结果表明，栎树树种分布与土壤特征和地形条件有关，除C%外，其他变量差异均显著，pH、CaCO3、粘土、沙子和海拔高度是描述栎树树种生境最具价值的参数。这些物种的比较显示问:brantii和问:infectoria栖息地相互接近而问:libani特殊nisch生态,更受限制的栖息地和问:brantii有着广泛的分布范围。
{"title":"Effect of Soil and Physiographic Factors on Habitats Differentiation of Three Oak Species: (Q. Infectoria, Q. Libani and Q. Brantii)","authors":"M. Khanhasani, K. Sagheb‐Talebi, F. Noori, Y. Khodakarami","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0062-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0062-0070","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to determine the relationship of some effective environmental characteristics on dispersion of three species of Oak (Q. infectoria, Q. libani and Q. brantii) in northern Zagros forests. Regarding to the geographical direction and landform, 54 circular sample plots, each 500 m 2 have been established considering the presence of at least small group of the study species. In each sample plot, a soil profile has been prepared to routine soil testing. SAS 9/2 and SPSS v.22 and PC-ORD for Win.Ver.4.17 Mc software were used to analyze the data. Result indicated that distribution of oak species is related to the soil characteristics and topographic conditions, except C%, the other variables have significance differences and the parameters of greatest value in describing the habitats of the species were pH, CaCO3, Clay, Sand and Altitude. Comparison of these species showed Q. brantii and Q. infectoria habitats are closer to each other while Q. libani has special nisch ecologic and more restricted habitat and Q. brantii has wider distribution range.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"62-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85846749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0047-0061
A. Hajra, N. Mondal
Size of silver nanoparticles ranges from 1 to 100 nm. The unique properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) help in molecular diagnostics, several types of treatments and research purposes. The major methods used for silver nanoparticle synthesis are the physical and chemical methods. Silver nanoparticles can be produced by both physical and chemical methods. To overcome the problems faced by the huge expenses of physical and chemical methods and toxic substances absorbed onto them, biological method to synthesize AgNP is a suitable alternative. Silver nanoparticles have been used potentially to control larval stages of mosquitoes in the experimental conditions. Perhaps due to insertion of nanoparticles in cutical layer of larvae. Successful application of this may occur in near future to check mosquito borne diseases. The various modes of synthesis and application along with successive progress are discussed in this paper. The main focus of this review paper on effective and efficient synthesis of silver nanoparticles from bio-origin and exploring their various prospective applications towards mosquito larvicidal activity. Moreover, it also vividly described about the bio-molecules which directly reduced silver ions and probable mechanism of AgNPs interaction with mosquito larvae.
{"title":"Silver Nanoparticles: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Mosquito Control","authors":"A. Hajra, N. Mondal","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0047-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0047-0061","url":null,"abstract":"Size of silver nanoparticles ranges from 1 to 100 nm. The unique properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) help in molecular diagnostics, several types of treatments and research purposes. The major methods used for silver nanoparticle synthesis are the physical and chemical methods. Silver nanoparticles can be produced by both physical and chemical methods. To overcome the problems faced by the huge expenses of physical and chemical methods and toxic substances absorbed onto them, biological method to synthesize AgNP is a suitable alternative. Silver nanoparticles have been used potentially to control larval stages of mosquitoes in the experimental conditions. Perhaps due to insertion of nanoparticles in cutical layer of larvae. Successful application of this may occur in near future to check mosquito borne diseases. The various modes of synthesis and application along with successive progress are discussed in this paper. The main focus of this review paper on effective and efficient synthesis of silver nanoparticles from bio-origin and exploring their various prospective applications towards mosquito larvicidal activity. Moreover, it also vividly described about the bio-molecules which directly reduced silver ions and probable mechanism of AgNPs interaction with mosquito larvae.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"47-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80398757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0071-0087
Asheesh Shrivastava, S. Tandon, Rakesh Kumar
Deteriorating water quality of rivers is of major concern in India; this is especially true for rivers being used as drinking water sources. One such river considered in this study is the Patalganga, which is located about 60 km from Mumbai and is a significant source of water supply for Panvel, Alibaug and Rasayani. This paper aims to determine the polluting sources responsible for the poor water quality of the Patalganga River and to suggest a scientifically sound water quality management plan to improve the same. A total of 14 water samples from different point sources of pollution were collected and tested for physico-chemical parameters (pH, temperature, DO, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, EC, PO4 3- , NO3-N and NH3-N), metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) and microbiological parameter using World Health Organization (WHO) and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) standards. Based on, the water quality at most of the sampling stations was found to be unsuitable for drinking. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) classified the 14 sampling stations into three clusters. The HCA identified a uniform source of parameters (physico-chemical and nutrients) for all the sampling stations, excluding two sampling stations (7 and 12) that exhibited anomalous concentrations. Furthermore, as per the WQI, the water quality status of Patalganga River fell under good category, except at the sampling station 7 and 12 where the water quality index were bad (49) and medium (51) category, respectively, and were totally unfit for drinking purpose. Water quality management plan specific to the individual sites has been delineated in the paper.
{"title":"Water Quality Management Plan for Patalganga River for Drinking Purpose and Human Health Safety","authors":"Asheesh Shrivastava, S. Tandon, Rakesh Kumar","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0071-0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0071-0087","url":null,"abstract":"Deteriorating water quality of rivers is of major concern in India; this is especially true for rivers being used as drinking water sources. One such river considered in this study is the Patalganga, which is located about 60 km from Mumbai and is a significant source of water supply for Panvel, Alibaug and Rasayani. This paper aims to determine the polluting sources responsible for the poor water quality of the Patalganga River and to suggest a scientifically sound water quality management plan to improve the same. A total of 14 water samples from different point sources of pollution were collected and tested for physico-chemical parameters (pH, temperature, DO, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, EC, PO4 3- , NO3-N and NH3-N), metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) and microbiological parameter using World Health Organization (WHO) and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) standards. Based on, the water quality at most of the sampling stations was found to be unsuitable for drinking. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) classified the 14 sampling stations into three clusters. The HCA identified a uniform source of parameters (physico-chemical and nutrients) for all the sampling stations, excluding two sampling stations (7 and 12) that exhibited anomalous concentrations. Furthermore, as per the WQI, the water quality status of Patalganga River fell under good category, except at the sampling station 7 and 12 where the water quality index were bad (49) and medium (51) category, respectively, and were totally unfit for drinking purpose. Water quality management plan specific to the individual sites has been delineated in the paper.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"71-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88263870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0038-0046
E. Tahanpesar, S. Elhami, M. Mohammadi
Sawdust as a biomass waste material was treated with chlorosulfonic acid and sulfonated sawdust (SD-SO3H) was prepared which characterized with a variation of methods containing TGA, SEM and elemental analysis. This solid acid showed excellent catalytic activity for the synthesis of various quinolines derivatives through the Friedlander condensation of 2-aminoaryl ketones with cyclic and acyclic β-diketone, β- keto esters and cyclic ketone compounds under solvent-free conditions with high yields (70-95%). This new method offers some benefits such as simple procedure, short reaction times, high yields and use of a green, cheap and reusable catalyst.
{"title":"Sawdust-SO3H: A Highly Efficient, Cheap and Recyclable Solid Acid Catalyst for the Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives under Neat Conditions","authors":"E. Tahanpesar, S. Elhami, M. Mohammadi","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0038-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0038-0046","url":null,"abstract":"Sawdust as a biomass waste material was treated with chlorosulfonic acid and sulfonated sawdust (SD-SO3H) was prepared which characterized with a variation of methods containing TGA, SEM and elemental analysis. This solid acid showed excellent catalytic activity for the synthesis of various quinolines derivatives through the Friedlander condensation of 2-aminoaryl ketones with cyclic and acyclic β-diketone, β- keto esters and cyclic ketone compounds under solvent-free conditions with high yields (70-95%). This new method offers some benefits such as simple procedure, short reaction times, high yields and use of a green, cheap and reusable catalyst.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":"38-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76993956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0016-0022
H. Bishop, H. Inabo
The use of untreated or inadequately treated water can cause gastroenteritis and other waterborne diseases like amoebic dysentery, and presents immediate effects on a large number of population. Wells serve as the most affordable source of water in the rural areas but they are prone to surface runoffs and seepages from septic systems/pit latrines. This research was aimed at assessing the incidence of Entamoeba histolytica in well water used for human consumption and other domestic activities in Samaru-Zaria, Nigeria. Associated risk factors of well water contamination were studied. Membrane filtration technique was employed in filtering 70 well water samples (of 20 liters each) at the flow rate of 3liters/min through Millipore filter paper of nominal porosity of 0.45µm. Retained particulates were eluted in distilled water and concentrated by centrifugation. Wet mounts of the sediments were examined under 10x and 40x objectives of the light microscope. The incidence of Entamoeba histolytica was 38.6%. There was 72.9% level of parasitic contamination (including other parasites). Other medically important parasites were found in the well water samples, which included Enterobius vermicularis (2.9%), larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis (7.1%). The ANOVA and Chi Square (x 2 ) were used in the analysis of risk factors of well contamination (p ≤ 0.05).
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