Pub Date : 2016-05-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0153-0163
M. Islam, Sharmin Mustari
A sustainable poultry enterprise is largely dependent on, among others, productivity and profitability of the reared chicken breeds in relation to combating diseases in the flocks under farm conditions. Keeping these vital features of poultry management in mind, the present study assessed the productivity, disease incidence and profitability analysis of a government, 10 private and 10 backyard smallholders’ poultry farms for rearing and marketing three available chicken breeds viz., indigenous (Deshi), Fayoumi (an exotic) and Sonali (a crossbred) in 10 Upozillas or Police Stations of Rajshahi district viz. Baghmara, Boalia, Godagari, Mohonpur, Motihar, Paba, Puthia, Rajpara, Shahmokdum and Tanor. The investigation was conducted from January to December 2014 during which data were collected twice a month. In terms of producing live chickens for marketing, productivity of the farms varied significantly during both January-June and July-December rearing seasons (P<0.001). The private farms always outnumbered the government and backyard counterparts in producing chickens. The study identified nine parameters on disease incidences on the poultry production system from elevated (score 5) to absence of acceptable practices (score 1), which exhibited significant variation (P<0.05) except viral, fungal and bacterial diseases and the rate of disease occurrence per rearing period. The mean scores for disease incidences declined during July-December period of rearing. Results on the profitability analyses showed highly significant difference between the farms (P<0.001) where it appeared that strict bio-safety oriented management practices, coupled with the selection of fast growing and heavy laying breeds of chickens could ensure profitability of the poultry farms in the study area.
{"title":"Evaluation of Productivity, Disease Incidence and Profitability of Three Chicken Breeds (Gallus domesticus L.) Under Smallholders’ Farm Conditions in Rajshahi, Bangladesh","authors":"M. Islam, Sharmin Mustari","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0153-0163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0153-0163","url":null,"abstract":"A sustainable poultry enterprise is largely dependent on, among others, productivity and profitability of the reared chicken breeds in relation to combating diseases in the flocks under farm conditions. Keeping these vital features of poultry management in mind, the present study assessed the productivity, disease incidence and profitability analysis of a government, 10 private and 10 backyard smallholders’ poultry farms for rearing and marketing three available chicken breeds viz., indigenous (Deshi), Fayoumi (an exotic) and Sonali (a crossbred) in 10 Upozillas or Police Stations of Rajshahi district viz. Baghmara, Boalia, Godagari, Mohonpur, Motihar, Paba, Puthia, Rajpara, Shahmokdum and Tanor. The investigation was conducted from January to December 2014 during which data were collected twice a month. In terms of producing live chickens for marketing, productivity of the farms varied significantly during both January-June and July-December rearing seasons (P<0.001). The private farms always outnumbered the government and backyard counterparts in producing chickens. The study identified nine parameters on disease incidences on the poultry production system from elevated (score 5) to absence of acceptable practices (score 1), which exhibited significant variation (P<0.05) except viral, fungal and bacterial diseases and the rate of disease occurrence per rearing period. The mean scores for disease incidences declined during July-December period of rearing. Results on the profitability analyses showed highly significant difference between the farms (P<0.001) where it appeared that strict bio-safety oriented management practices, coupled with the selection of fast growing and heavy laying breeds of chickens could ensure profitability of the poultry farms in the study area.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"153-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86041834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0145-0152
A. Sharma, V. Sharma, J. Saxena, B. Tripathi
Twelve fungal isolates belonging to different genera were quantitatively screened for extracellular lipase production in SmF (Submerged fermentation). Isolate LPF-5 demonstrated higher lipase activity and it was identified as Aspergillus niger based on morphology of its Petri plate culture, microscopic study of its slide culture and with the help of relevant literatures. Further an effort was made to increase the production of extracellular lipase by subjecting the most potent lipolytic fungal strain A. niger LPF-5 to the strain improvement by induced mutagenesis using UV radiations and nitrous acid. Among the all tested mutagens, nitrous acid was found to be the best mutagen (incubation time of 15 minutes) for inducing the favorable mutation in fungal strain A. niger LPF-5 which enhanced the lipase activity up to 30% (105.19 ± 0.91 U mL -1 min -1 ) when compared to lipase activity (81.00 ± 0.30 U mL -1 min -1 ) of wild strain while the lipase activity of the best UV mutant (A. niger UV3), obtained after an incubation of 6 minutes was 94.30 ± 0.54 U mL -1 min -1 , which was 16.41% higher as compared to wild strain of A. niger. These results indicate that UV light and nitrous acid both were effective mutagens but nitrous acid was more potent mutagen than UV light.
定量筛选了12株不同属的真菌，用于SmF(深层发酵)的胞外脂肪酶生产。分离物llf -5表现出较高的脂肪酶活性，通过平板培养形态、载玻片培养的显微研究及相关文献鉴定为黑曲霉。通过紫外辐射和亚硝酸诱导诱变，对最有效的解脂真菌菌株黑曲霉lf -5进行了进一步的研究，以提高细胞外脂肪酶的产量。所有测试的诱变剂中,亚硝酸被发现是最好的诱变剂(孵化时间15分钟)在真菌诱导有利突变菌株a尼日尔LPF-5增强脂肪酶的活性高达30%(105.19±0.91 U mL 1分钟1)相比,脂肪酶活性(81.00±0.30 U mL 1分钟1)野生菌株的脂肪酶活性最好的紫外突变(a .尼日尔UV3),获得一个孵化后6分钟是94.30±0.54 U mL 1分钟1,与野生菌株相比，提高了16.41%。这些结果表明，紫外光和亚硝酸都是有效的诱变剂，但亚硝酸的诱变作用强于紫外光。
{"title":"Enhancement of Extracellular Lipase Production by Strain Improvement of Fungus Aspergillus niger LPF-5","authors":"A. Sharma, V. Sharma, J. Saxena, B. Tripathi","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0145-0152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0145-0152","url":null,"abstract":"Twelve fungal isolates belonging to different genera were quantitatively screened for extracellular lipase production in SmF (Submerged fermentation). Isolate LPF-5 demonstrated higher lipase activity and it was identified as Aspergillus niger based on morphology of its Petri plate culture, microscopic study of its slide culture and with the help of relevant literatures. Further an effort was made to increase the production of extracellular lipase by subjecting the most potent lipolytic fungal strain A. niger LPF-5 to the strain improvement by induced mutagenesis using UV radiations and nitrous acid. Among the all tested mutagens, nitrous acid was found to be the best mutagen (incubation time of 15 minutes) for inducing the favorable mutation in fungal strain A. niger LPF-5 which enhanced the lipase activity up to 30% (105.19 ± 0.91 U mL -1 min -1 ) when compared to lipase activity (81.00 ± 0.30 U mL -1 min -1 ) of wild strain while the lipase activity of the best UV mutant (A. niger UV3), obtained after an incubation of 6 minutes was 94.30 ± 0.54 U mL -1 min -1 , which was 16.41% higher as compared to wild strain of A. niger. These results indicate that UV light and nitrous acid both were effective mutagens but nitrous acid was more potent mutagen than UV light.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"145-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87340483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0136-0144
Mazen Hamada, A. Sarsour, G. Khatib
Lack of sustainability of water supply and sanitation services are always considered as major issue in developing countries that accounts for high prevalence of water borne diseases. The aim of this study is to identify the environmental determinants and socio demographic factors of common water borne diseases among people of Al Shuka rural community in the Gaza Strip - Palestine. Cross-sectional study was conducted; the researcher utilized a combination between oral- administrated questionnaire, and observation checklist in addition to a number of some water quality chemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed to assess the quality of drinking water at Al Shuka area. A simple random sample technique was conducted to collect data. The study results concluded that about 34.6% of the study sample has suffered from diarrhea. While 54.8% of the study suffered from other waterborne disease which include dermal, colic and eyes diseases during last two weeks before filling the questionnaire. In term of drinking water quality, this study results demonstrate most of parameters (pH, EC, TDS, Chloride, Nitrate, Total Coliform and Fecal Coliform) were above the WHO standards for drinking water. Furthermore, water borne diseases found to be associated with different environmental factors and personal hygiene. Accordingly, safe and clean water supply should be ensured in order to cover people needs and protect their health. Also, conducting public awareness campaigns and behaviour change towards improving the surrounded environment, personal hygiene, cleanliness and sanitary programs should be ensured mainly in rural and vulnerable area of the Gaza Strip.
{"title":"Environmental Factors Associated With Common Water Borne Diseases among Al Shuka Rural Community in the Gaza Strip-Palestine","authors":"Mazen Hamada, A. Sarsour, G. Khatib","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0136-0144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0136-0144","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of sustainability of water supply and sanitation services are always considered as major issue in developing countries that accounts for high prevalence of water borne diseases. The aim of this study is to identify the environmental determinants and socio demographic factors of common water borne diseases among people of Al Shuka rural community in the Gaza Strip - Palestine. Cross-sectional study was conducted; the researcher utilized a combination between oral- administrated questionnaire, and observation checklist in addition to a number of some water quality chemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed to assess the quality of drinking water at Al Shuka area. A simple random sample technique was conducted to collect data. The study results concluded that about 34.6% of the study sample has suffered from diarrhea. While 54.8% of the study suffered from other waterborne disease which include dermal, colic and eyes diseases during last two weeks before filling the questionnaire. In term of drinking water quality, this study results demonstrate most of parameters (pH, EC, TDS, Chloride, Nitrate, Total Coliform and Fecal Coliform) were above the WHO standards for drinking water. Furthermore, water borne diseases found to be associated with different environmental factors and personal hygiene. Accordingly, safe and clean water supply should be ensured in order to cover people needs and protect their health. Also, conducting public awareness campaigns and behaviour change towards improving the surrounded environment, personal hygiene, cleanliness and sanitary programs should be ensured mainly in rural and vulnerable area of the Gaza Strip.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"136-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74856878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0123-0135
B. Etuk, E. Moses, G. Ebong
Intensive oil activities within the study area have elevated the level of toxic substances in both aquatic and terrestrial environments of the host communities. Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Tilapia zilli from Qua Iboe River estuary (QIRE) Nigeria and the carcinogenic health risk induced by its consumption were studied. Fish samples were collected from five stations and a Control during wet and dry seasons and analyzed for PAHs using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. Carcinogenic health risk assessment using recommended models by USEPA was done. Concentrations of total PAHs ranged from 1.527E-03 to 5.986E-02 mg/kg, high molecular weight PAHs recorded a range of 1.239E-03 to 1.424E-01 mg/kg while low molecular weight PAHs ranged from 2.814E-04 to 3.166E-03 mg/kg. Concentrations of C-PAHs at the study area were higher than at the Control site. Levels of B(a)P in Tilapia zilli for both seasons were lower than the EU limit however, the potency equivalent concentrations due to exposure to C-PAHs via its at all locations in both seasons were above the screening value. Thus, consumption of Tilapia zilli from the area studied may result in carcinogenic health effect. The study also identified presence of anthropogenic inputs of PAHs and pyrogenic PAHs originated from gas flaring in the area. Regulatory legislation on environment should be instituted to forestall sub lethal effect on aquatic flora, fauna and human. Keyword: Health Risk Assessment; Nigeria; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon; Qua Iboe River Estuary and Tilapia zilli.
{"title":"Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Associated Health Risk in Tilapia zilli from Qua Iboe River Estuary, Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"B. Etuk, E. Moses, G. Ebong","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0123-0135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0123-0135","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive oil activities within the study area have elevated the level of toxic substances in both aquatic and terrestrial environments of the host communities. Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Tilapia zilli from Qua Iboe River estuary (QIRE) Nigeria and the carcinogenic health risk induced by its consumption were studied. Fish samples were collected from five stations and a Control during wet and dry seasons and analyzed for PAHs using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. Carcinogenic health risk assessment using recommended models by USEPA was done. Concentrations of total PAHs ranged from 1.527E-03 to 5.986E-02 mg/kg, high molecular weight PAHs recorded a range of 1.239E-03 to 1.424E-01 mg/kg while low molecular weight PAHs ranged from 2.814E-04 to 3.166E-03 mg/kg. Concentrations of C-PAHs at the study area were higher than at the Control site. Levels of B(a)P in Tilapia zilli for both seasons were lower than the EU limit however, the potency equivalent concentrations due to exposure to C-PAHs via its at all locations in both seasons were above the screening value. Thus, consumption of Tilapia zilli from the area studied may result in carcinogenic health effect. The study also identified presence of anthropogenic inputs of PAHs and pyrogenic PAHs originated from gas flaring in the area. Regulatory legislation on environment should be instituted to forestall sub lethal effect on aquatic flora, fauna and human. Keyword: Health Risk Assessment; Nigeria; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon; Qua Iboe River Estuary and Tilapia zilli.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":"123-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91054254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0115-0122
R. Hariprasath, N. Chitra, M. Jose, A. Rajesh
The specific activity of primordial radionuclides (U, Th and K) in the sediment sand of different depth-wise samples in Cauvery and Kollidam rivers in Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu, India, were estimated using NaI (Tl) gamma ray spectrometry. The mean activities of the radionuclides of all the sediments (depth-wise samples) were 10.4 Bq.Kg, 22.65 Bq.Kg and 310 Bq.Kg respectively. The average amount of dose rate was 30.28 nGyh which is less than the value of 55 nGyh proposed by UNSCEAR. The calculated mean value of radium equivalent lie below the recommended limit of 370 Bq.Kg given by OECD. The exhalation rate of radiogenic gases, radon and thoron from the daughter products of the radionuclides were estimated using SRM radon monitor and RAD-7 detector found to be lie within the recommended limits. From the analysis it is suggested that the sediment sands do not pose any radiological significance to the public and can be used for the construction purposes along with other building materials.
{"title":"Depth Wise Radiological Analysis of Sediment Sands in Cauvery and Kollidam Rivers in Tiruchirappalli District, Tamilnadu, India","authors":"R. Hariprasath, N. Chitra, M. Jose, A. Rajesh","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0115-0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0115-0122","url":null,"abstract":"The specific activity of primordial radionuclides (U, Th and K) in the sediment sand of different depth-wise samples in Cauvery and Kollidam rivers in Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu, India, were estimated using NaI (Tl) gamma ray spectrometry. The mean activities of the radionuclides of all the sediments (depth-wise samples) were 10.4 Bq.Kg, 22.65 Bq.Kg and 310 Bq.Kg respectively. The average amount of dose rate was 30.28 nGyh which is less than the value of 55 nGyh proposed by UNSCEAR. The calculated mean value of radium equivalent lie below the recommended limit of 370 Bq.Kg given by OECD. The exhalation rate of radiogenic gases, radon and thoron from the daughter products of the radionuclides were estimated using SRM radon monitor and RAD-7 detector found to be lie within the recommended limits. From the analysis it is suggested that the sediment sands do not pose any radiological significance to the public and can be used for the construction purposes along with other building materials.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"115-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77224380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0109-0114
H. Gupta, Rahul Kumar
{"title":"Removal of PAH Anthracene from Aqueous Media using Banana Peel Activated Carbon","authors":"H. Gupta, Rahul Kumar","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0109-0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0109-0114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"102 1","pages":"109-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85835383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0102-0108
S. Oladeji, F. Adelowo, K. Odelade
The study is aimed at evaluating the phosphate concentrations in some selected rivers in Ogbomoso and compares the concentration to the recommended value. The major pollutant in the rivers of Ogbomoso (Oyo State, Nigeria) is Phosphate. The concentration of phosphate in the water samples (expressed in mg per litre) was determined using a simple analytical and U-Visible spectrophotometric method. The analysis was determined by molybdenum blue phosphorus method in conjunction with UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Phosphomolybdate complex was formed by reduction with hydrazine sulphate and addition of molybdate. This obeys Lambert-Beer’s law at 860 nm in the concentration range 0.5–3.5 ppm. The reagents used are hydrazine sulphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium molybdate. The samples analyzed by this method showed that the entire rivers are polluted with high concentration of Phosphate due to the domestic and industrial activities.
{"title":"Evaluation of Phosphate Level in Water Samples (Ogbomoso Rivers) Using UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Method","authors":"S. Oladeji, F. Adelowo, K. Odelade","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0102-0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0102-0108","url":null,"abstract":"The study is aimed at evaluating the phosphate concentrations in some selected rivers in Ogbomoso and compares the concentration to the recommended value. The major pollutant in the rivers of Ogbomoso (Oyo State, Nigeria) is Phosphate. The concentration of phosphate in the water samples (expressed in mg per litre) was determined using a simple analytical and U-Visible spectrophotometric method. The analysis was determined by molybdenum blue phosphorus method in conjunction with UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Phosphomolybdate complex was formed by reduction with hydrazine sulphate and addition of molybdate. This obeys Lambert-Beer’s law at 860 nm in the concentration range 0.5–3.5 ppm. The reagents used are hydrazine sulphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium molybdate. The samples analyzed by this method showed that the entire rivers are polluted with high concentration of Phosphate due to the domestic and industrial activities.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"102-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88753865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0093-0101
K. Eliza, K. Sarma
Pheasants are at the brink of destruction due to various anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, encroachment of their habitat area and excessive hunting. Koklass (Pucrasia macrolopha) species is facing tremendous pressures due to poaching and destruction of habitat. This species is classified as least concern species with decreasing population trend according to IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and also classified under endangered species according to Red Data Book of Zoological Survey of India. There is need to understand and manage habitats of species in order to prevent extinction of endangered species. Wildlife habitat suitability analysis using GIS have been found to be successful in many studies. In the present study, habitat suitability model for Koklass Pheasant of Churdhar Wildlife Sanctuary, HP, India was developed using geospatial technology which predicts suitable habitat zone. Different thematic maps such as land use/cover, forest type, drainage, roads and sighting locations of Koklass Pheasant are overlaid using Weighted overlay analysis model. The Habitat Suitability model shows different habitat potential zones of this Pheasant which are 5.9%, 24.9%, 45.4% and 23.7% for least, moderate, moderately high and most suitable respectively. The least and moderate suitable zones could be due to various anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, road construction activities, grazing by domestic cattles, noise pollution and encroachment of land for agricultural purpose. Habitat suitability analysis of Koklass Pheasant can be considered as the initial phase towards the conservation approach of this species.
{"title":"Habitat Suitability Modelling for Koklass Pheasant Using Geospatial Technology in Churdhar Wildlife Sanctuary (H.P.) India","authors":"K. Eliza, K. Sarma","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0093-0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0093-0101","url":null,"abstract":"Pheasants are at the brink of destruction due to various anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, encroachment of their habitat area and excessive hunting. Koklass (Pucrasia macrolopha) species is facing tremendous pressures due to poaching and destruction of habitat. This species is classified as least concern species with decreasing population trend according to IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and also classified under endangered species according to Red Data Book of Zoological Survey of India. There is need to understand and manage habitats of species in order to prevent extinction of endangered species. Wildlife habitat suitability analysis using GIS have been found to be successful in many studies. In the present study, habitat suitability model for Koklass Pheasant of Churdhar Wildlife Sanctuary, HP, India was developed using geospatial technology which predicts suitable habitat zone. Different thematic maps such as land use/cover, forest type, drainage, roads and sighting locations of Koklass Pheasant are overlaid using Weighted overlay analysis model. The Habitat Suitability model shows different habitat potential zones of this Pheasant which are 5.9%, 24.9%, 45.4% and 23.7% for least, moderate, moderately high and most suitable respectively. The least and moderate suitable zones could be due to various anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, road construction activities, grazing by domestic cattles, noise pollution and encroachment of land for agricultural purpose. Habitat suitability analysis of Koklass Pheasant can be considered as the initial phase towards the conservation approach of this species.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"93-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81691427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0071-0077
I. Essien, E. Akpan
The radiological hazard indices due to the radioactivity in soils at quarry sites in Ayadehe, Oku Iboku, Odiok Itam and Ntak Inyang villages in Itu Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria were evaluated. Soil samples were randomly collected at the depth of 30 cm in different locations from each of the quarry site. The radionuclide activity concentrations in the soil samples were measured using gamma spectroscopy method. The average values of 40 K, 238 U and 232 Th obtained is (143.54+7.56) BqKg -1 , (2.47+0.26) BqKg -1 and (3.70+ 0.22) BqKg -1 respectively for Ayadehe, (73.69+3.89) Bqkg -1 ,(2.04+0.24) BqKg -1 and (2.85+0.17) BqKg - 1 for Oku Iboku, (33.96.54+1.79) BqKg -1 , (8.84+0.92) BqKg -1 and (3.01+ 0.22) BqKg -1 for Odiok Itam and (63.77+3.34) Bqkg -1 , (7.81+0.84) BqKg -1 and (2.31+0.14) BqKg -1 for Ntak Inyang quarry sites. The average values obtained for radium equivalent, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, internal hazard index, external hazard index and excess lifetime cancer risk are 18.81 BqKg -1 , 9.80 nGyh -1 , 0.0614mSvy -1 , 0.1491, 0.0574, 0.0444 and 0.2163x10 -3 respectively for Ayadehe and 11.78 BqKg -1 , 5.93 nGyh -1 , 0.0365 mSvy -1 , 0.0912, 0.0373, 0.0315 and 0.1291x10 -3 respectively for Oku Iboku, 15.74 BqKg -1 , 7.22nGyh -1 , 0.0582 mSvy -1 , 0.1115, 0.0664, 0.0436 and 0.2046 x10 -3 respectively for Odiok Itam and 16.04 BqKg -1 , 7.61 nGyh -1 , 0.0933mSvy -1 , 0.1117, 0.0644, 0.0433 and 0.1850x10 -3 respectively for Ntak Inyang quarry sites. The values for the indices obtained when compared with their corresponding world permissible limits were found to be below the standard limits for such environments. Therefore the level of exposure at the study areas presently poses no significant health threat; hence, the quarry products of these areas can be used as building material.
{"title":"Evaluation of Radiological Hazard Indices Due to Radioactivity in Quarry Sites in Itu, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria","authors":"I. Essien, E. Akpan","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0071-0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0071-0077","url":null,"abstract":"The radiological hazard indices due to the radioactivity in soils at quarry sites in Ayadehe, Oku Iboku, Odiok Itam and Ntak Inyang villages in Itu Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria were evaluated. Soil samples were randomly collected at the depth of 30 cm in different locations from each of the quarry site. The radionuclide activity concentrations in the soil samples were measured using gamma spectroscopy method. The average values of 40 K, 238 U and 232 Th obtained is (143.54+7.56) BqKg -1 , (2.47+0.26) BqKg -1 and (3.70+ 0.22) BqKg -1 respectively for Ayadehe, (73.69+3.89) Bqkg -1 ,(2.04+0.24) BqKg -1 and (2.85+0.17) BqKg - 1 for Oku Iboku, (33.96.54+1.79) BqKg -1 , (8.84+0.92) BqKg -1 and (3.01+ 0.22) BqKg -1 for Odiok Itam and (63.77+3.34) Bqkg -1 , (7.81+0.84) BqKg -1 and (2.31+0.14) BqKg -1 for Ntak Inyang quarry sites. The average values obtained for radium equivalent, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, internal hazard index, external hazard index and excess lifetime cancer risk are 18.81 BqKg -1 , 9.80 nGyh -1 , 0.0614mSvy -1 , 0.1491, 0.0574, 0.0444 and 0.2163x10 -3 respectively for Ayadehe and 11.78 BqKg -1 , 5.93 nGyh -1 , 0.0365 mSvy -1 , 0.0912, 0.0373, 0.0315 and 0.1291x10 -3 respectively for Oku Iboku, 15.74 BqKg -1 , 7.22nGyh -1 , 0.0582 mSvy -1 , 0.1115, 0.0664, 0.0436 and 0.2046 x10 -3 respectively for Odiok Itam and 16.04 BqKg -1 , 7.61 nGyh -1 , 0.0933mSvy -1 , 0.1117, 0.0644, 0.0433 and 0.1850x10 -3 respectively for Ntak Inyang quarry sites. The values for the indices obtained when compared with their corresponding world permissible limits were found to be below the standard limits for such environments. Therefore the level of exposure at the study areas presently poses no significant health threat; hence, the quarry products of these areas can be used as building material.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"71-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84350134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0086-0092
A. Oladapo, Q. Onilude, A. Julius, I. BoladeOlayiwola, O. C. Ogunremi
This study examined the beliefs, customs, practices, and social behaviour of inhabitants of Ido local government area (LGA) of Southern part of Nigeria in relation to tree planting, tree conservation and forest management within their locality. 250 households were randomly selected among the houses with trees around, while structured questionnaires were administered among the selected household heads. Majority of the households (71.1%) indicated reasons for conserving trees within their domain which are inculcated in their cultures while others plant trees to landscape their environments. Among the tree species planted in the area includes Azadiracta indica, Threoboma cacao, Pinus radiata, Mangifera indica, Terminalia catappa and various medicinal plants. Study further revealed that the households uses these trees to protect their environment from degradation and loss of soil biodiversity, also the households always converge under the shades of these trees to solve their problems in their cultural ways. Sacred groves used for spiritual, rituals and initiation purposes were also sighted in the area. It is suggested that people should not undermine their culture and that culture should be transmitted from generation-togeneration for it may help in achieving a greener future at local and national levels.
{"title":"Influence of Culture on Greening the Environment in the Southern Part of Nigeria","authors":"A. Oladapo, Q. Onilude, A. Julius, I. BoladeOlayiwola, O. C. Ogunremi","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0086-0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0086-0092","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the beliefs, customs, practices, and social behaviour of inhabitants of Ido local government area (LGA) of Southern part of Nigeria in relation to tree planting, tree conservation and forest management within their locality. 250 households were randomly selected among the houses with trees around, while structured questionnaires were administered among the selected household heads. Majority of the households (71.1%) indicated reasons for conserving trees within their domain which are inculcated in their cultures while others plant trees to landscape their environments. Among the tree species planted in the area includes Azadiracta indica, Threoboma cacao, Pinus radiata, Mangifera indica, Terminalia catappa and various medicinal plants. Study further revealed that the households uses these trees to protect their environment from degradation and loss of soil biodiversity, also the households always converge under the shades of these trees to solve their problems in their cultural ways. Sacred groves used for spiritual, rituals and initiation purposes were also sighted in the area. It is suggested that people should not undermine their culture and that culture should be transmitted from generation-togeneration for it may help in achieving a greener future at local and national levels.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"86-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79179986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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